• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The device detects and locates an impact (17) on a structure (11). The device comprises at least three acoustic sensors (13) in such a way that an acoustic wave (18) emitted at any point of a measurement volume (12a) can be received in direct propagation by each of the sensors (13), and comprises control and control means (15) configured to process the signals corresponding to the acoustic waves received by the acoustic sensors (13), to detect occurrence of an impact (17), to locate a point of the structure at the origin an acoustic wave (18). At least one optical pointer (14) is actuated by the control and control means (15) to designate an impact point (17) located on the structure by illuminating (22) a corresponding location of said structure.
    公开号:FR3035510A1
    申请号:FR1553579
    申请日:2015-04-21
    公开日:2016-10-28
    发明作者:Nicolas Colin
    申请人:Airbus Group SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to the general problem of quality control in the fields of the manufacture and repair of parts and structures.
    [0002] The invention relates more particularly to the detection of impacts that may be experienced by parts for which rigorous quality monitoring must be ensured, such as, for example, parts and aeronautical structures made of composite material that may be damaged during their manufacture. , their assembly or their repair.
    [0003] Structural damage does not occur only during the commercial or operational operation of an aircraft. They may also be caused by workers who are involved in the construction or final assembly of aeronautical parts. Thus, when an operator, for example, drops a tool on a structure, or when a motor vehicle operator, moving inside an assembly area, accidentally hits a fuselage in progress. assembly, it may happen for various reasons that this incident is not detected so that any damage, not detectable by simple visual inspection, especially in the case of composite material structures, can not be identified or repaired before the delivery of a subassembly, before final assembly of the structures or before delivery to the customer. It follows that, in order to achieve the required level of reliability and quality of the structures delivered, checks must be carried out and that, in the event that damage is found very late during the assembly phase, its repair causes loss of time which can lead to delivery delays which generally result in financial penalties borne by the manufacturer of the aircraft. 3035510 2 To date, there is no technical means which makes it possible in a simple and automatic way, in other words without the intervention of an operator, to detect and identify incidents of this type occurring within a control area. manufacture or assembly and to transmit to a supervisory authority alerting information likely to induce the implementation of a procedure intended to evaluate the damage and to decide on the need to carry out a repair. As a result, the only measures currently being implemented, apart from a systematic final control of the entire assembly requiring control means capable of detecting undetectable damage by visual inspection, are strict procedures to operator so that the reporting of any such incident, when perceived, is omitted. Such procedures can, in an extreme way, include constant visual monitoring of the manufacturing or assembly area concerned by operators assigned to this task.
    [0004] An object of the invention to provide a device that can operate continuously and without interfering with people working in the environment of a structure to detect in real time abnormal events of the type "shock on the structure". It is thus possible to intervene under the best conditions in the case of the occurrence of these abnormal events. To this end, the object of the invention is a device for detecting and locating an impact on a structure located in a measurement volume and in which operators and / or vehicles operate. The device comprises: at least three acoustic sensors arranged non-aligned inside the measurement volume and in such a way that an acoustic wave emitted at any point in the measurement volume can be received in direct propagation by each of the sensors; control and control means configured to process the signals corresponding to the acoustic waves received by the at least three acoustic sensors, to detect an occurrence of an impact at the level of the structure, to locate a point of said structure at the origin of an acoustic wave following the impact and detected by the acoustic sensors.
    [0005] Thus, without any intervention of the persons working on the structure, and without any embarrassment caused to these persons during their activities, it is detected the shocks occurring on the structure and the location of the shocks on the structure. By a suitable sensitivity of the acoustic sensors, advantageously microphones, inaudible shocks or the intensity of which would not be perceived by the persons working on the structure can be detected and avoid late interventions following a defect discovered later. In one embodiment, the device also includes at least one optical pointer remotely producing spot illumination, for example in the form of a visible light spot, and disposed in the measurement volume so that dots a structure in the measurement volume can be illuminated by the at least one optical pointer, said optical pointer being actuated by the control and control means so as to designate an impact point located on the structure by illuminating a location corresponding of the structure. Thus the location of an assumed impact on the structure is directly and visibly identified without interpretation by an operator. In one embodiment, the control and control means are configured to identify and designate the source of an acoustic emission only if it is located in a limited area of the measurement volume including the occupied volume. really by the structure. Thus the areas not concerned by the monitoring carried out by the device do not produce alerts which would be irrelevant a priori as shocks produced by a normal activity in the context of a workshop and 3035510 4 handling of tools. In one embodiment, an analysis of the sound waves received by the sensors includes a continuous determination of the respective amplitudes and frequencies of the acoustic waves received and a determination of a level and a spectrum of ambient noise, integrated over a period of time. determined, a difference between a sound signal level measured at a given instant and a sound signal level of the ambient noise being compared to a fixed threshold. It is thus discriminated acoustic signals that can result from an exceptional event as in the case of a shock on the structure. In one embodiment, the control and control means are also configured to characterize the detected impact from an amplitude and a spectrum of the received acoustic wave. In this way, information is brought to the attention of the operators on the nature and intensity of the causes that may have led to the acoustic wave observed, for example by referring to a catalog of known events. Advantageously, the control and control means are also configured to eliminate unwanted acoustic waves such as the multiple reflections of the acoustic waves on walls and on objects, other than the structure, contained in the measurement volume. It is thus limited the number of false detections that could trigger unnecessary investigations. The control and control means realize the location of the point of impact by triangulation, and / or trilateration, and / or by analyzing the differences in amplitude and / or phase between the signals corresponding to the acoustic waves received by the acoustic sensors. . By implementing these methods independently, or in combination to improve accuracy if necessary, a location on the structure of the source of the acoustic wave is obtained. The accuracy of this location may be less, at least in theory, to one centimeter provided that the quality of the measurement chain implemented. The control and control means provides the visual designation of a localized point of impact by directing the emitted light beam 3035510 through the at least one optical pointer so as to illuminate the point of impact. Preferably, the device comprises a plurality of optical pointers arranged in the measurement volume, a priori or in the vicinity thereof, to make it possible to illuminate points of different zones of the structure 5 on which zones must be detected. impacts in case of occurrence of an impact. It is advantageous to distribute these pointers in the measurement volume or close to this volume to ensure the possibility of pointing, if not all, at least the maximum of areas of the structure susceptible to shock. The multiplicity of pointers limits the shadows, for example created by the structure itself or by tools, likely to prohibit lighting particular points of the monitored structure. In one embodiment, the acoustic sensors are directional sensors disposed around the area of the enclosure in which the structure is located and oriented toward the structure. It thus improved the limits of the monitored area and avoided the treatment of signals of no interest with respect to the detection of shocks. In order to take into account the actual conditions in the measurement volume, the positions of the acoustic sensors and the optical pointers are advantageously raised, the raised positions being then memorized by the control and control means. Advantageously, the optical pointers are laser pointers producing quasi-point illumination, whose luminous spot formed on the structure is of reduced size even with relatively distant pointers and remains visible under the ordinary lighting conditions of a workshop. The invention therefore consists essentially of a sensitive acoustic medium in the field of audible and associated electronics for automatically detecting, locating and quantifying impacts on structures, such as aeronautical structures, which can take place in the factory production or final assembly line at the industrial level. The acoustic means is preferably associated optical means for designating areas located on the structures.
    [0006] The characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better appreciated thanks to the description which follows, which description is based on an exemplary embodiment in the appended figures which show: FIG. a first schematic illustration showing the device according to the invention; - Figure 2, a second schematic illustration showing the device according to the invention; The elements present in the two figures are referenced by the same reference number.
    [0007] In a general manner, the invention consists first of all in a chamber 12 of a manufacturing or assembling shed, for example defining, in this example, a measurement volume 12a in which a structure 11 considered, several " electronic ears "sensitive to sounds, so as to capture the acoustic waves produced by said structure in response to received shocks, shocks caused for example by the fall of tools or the collision of gear 16 moving in the enclosure in the vicinity of the structure 11. The structure 11 considered is, for example, as in the example illustrated by the figures, an aeronautical structure (fuselage or wing of an aircraft 25 in particular) made entirely or partially of composite material or metal. However, the device is of course applicable to other types of structures. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the device according to the invention comprises a plurality of acoustic sensors 13 arranged in the measurement volume 12a, or in its immediate surroundings, arranged to receive an acoustic wave 18 emitted by the structure 11 response to a shock. The acoustic sensors 13 are therefore selected with a sensitivity and a frequency range adapted to the sounds transmitted and which must be detected in the context of the monitoring to be performed in the measurement volume. Such parameters are in practice a function of the dimensions of the measurement volume, which partly conditions a distance between the acoustic sensors and the locations of a structure that may be at the origin of an acoustic wave, and possibly other characteristics. acoustic sensors such as their directivity. Said sensors, at least three sensors, are positioned in the measurement volume so as not to be all aligned.
    [0008] In general, the sensors 13 may be arranged in sufficient number to detect an acoustic wave with at least three sensors in as much as possible the entire interior space of the enclosure. However, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the number of sensors 13 used and their positions in the chamber 12 may be defined so as to cover a measurement volume 12a inside the enclosure. restricted, for example a volume encompassing the structure 11 and its more or less immediate neighborhood. According to the invention, the acoustic sensors 13 used are preferably microphones having a directivity pattern, favoring the detection of acoustic waves in the direction of the structure so as to cover at least the entire zone of the measurement volume in which the structure 11 is located, said directivity diagram being chosen to limit the sensitivity of the microphone considered to the waves coming from other directions than those of the monitored structure, to the waves reflected by the walls of the enclosure 12 in particular. However, omnidirectional microphones can also be used, other methods, signal processing in particular or the treatment of walls of the enclosure 12 to limit the acoustic reflections, which can be implemented not to take into account 30 acoustic waves with no direct relationship to the structure. According to the invention also, the acoustic sensors 13 are connected to a control and control system 15 to which acoustic measurements of each of the sensors are transmitted, for example in the form of electrical signals produced by the conversion of the acoustic waves 18 received by each of the sensors 13. The connections between the control and control system 15 and the acoustic sensors 13, represented by the links 131 in FIG. 1, may be simple wired links or alternatively, in the case where the sensors used are micro-transmitters, radio links of various types (dedicated frequency links, BluetoothTM links, etc.). According to different system architectures, the acoustic measurements made by a sensor are transmitted to the control and control system 15 in analog form or transmitted in digital form after having been converted by the sensor or electronics associated with the sensor. Whatever the mode of transmission implemented between the sensors 13 and the control and control system 15, it will be taken necessary precautions for the acoustic signals, having the same origin on the structure 11, received by different sensors 13 and transmitted to the control and control system 15 are dated so that the moment when an acoustic signal reaches a sensor is accurately identified, at least in relative relation between the different sensors. The dating can be performed by the sensor itself provided that each sensor receives a clock signal or has a clock 20 synchronized on a time base common to all sensors. The dating can be carried out by the control and monitoring system when it receives the signals from the different sensors, provided that the signal transmission chains between each sensor and the control and control system do not introduce differences of significant time between the different sensors, or at least that these differences in signal transmission time are known and controlled. It must be taken into account in the present device that the synchronization of the measurements made by the different sensors, the accuracy of which determines the desired result, is directed to acoustic signals whose propagation velocities under ordinary atmospheric conditions are of order of 300 m / s.
    [0009] It follows that a synchronization with an accuracy of 0.1 millisecond introduces measurement errors of the order of one centimeter on the distances, which corresponds to a sufficient accuracy for the needs of the localization of a event on the structure 11.
    [0010] The ordinary electronic means make it easy for those skilled in the art to guarantee a dating precision of signals of 0.1 milliseconds or less. The command and control system 15, meanwhile, mainly comprises means for acquiring and storing the electrical signals transmitted by the acoustic sensors, the acquisition being carried out continuously; these signals possibly being multiplexed on a single acquisition channel. The control and control system 15 also includes means for performing the processing of these signals in digital form, so as to identify the signals corresponding to an acoustic wave 18 following a shock 17 on the structure 11, as well as a computer (of the PC type, for example) equipped with software for interpreting the detected signals, and for characterizing the corresponding shock (nature, intensity position, etc.). To do this, the digital processing means according to the invention measure the amplitude of each of the received signals and perform a time and frequency analysis. They also continuously perform an estimate of the amplitude and the spectrum of the sound environment (ie of the ambient noise) and record the sound environment in a repetitive manner over given durations, a duration of one minute, for example, of in particular to determine the frequencies and an amplitude threshold for distinguishing the signals of interest from signals constituting a priori the ambient noise.
    [0011] Furthermore, the digital processing means also perform the elimination by any appropriate known method, including spectral analysis or correlation, of the signals corresponding to the parasitic sound waves received by the acoustic sensors 13, the waves originating from multiple reflections in particular.
    [0012] According to the invention, the detection and characterization of the signals of interest can be carried out in different ways. The detection can thus be performed by comparing the measured amplitude with one or more amplitude thresholds characterizing the amplitude of the acoustic wave emitted by the structure as well as spectral analysis, these parameters providing general qualitative information on the nature impact, simple drop of tools or collision with a machine 16 moving 19 near the structure.
    [0013] Alternatively, in the case where the control and control system comprises a database in which are stored acoustic energy thresholds coupled to certain frequency spectra previously determined and corresponding to known shocks between tools or other objects and structures of the same type as the structure 11 considered, the identification of a signal of interest to one or other of the shocks already listed provides more accurate information on the amplitude, origin and the nature of the potential damage. The digital processing means also perform, when signals of interest have been detected, a location of a zone 17 of the structure as being the probable origin of the acoustic wave 18 corresponding to these signals, in practice. the area of the structure that has been impacted, and potentially damaged. This location is carried out by any known method from the acoustic signals picked up by the different sensors 13 arranged in the measurement volume 12a, for example by triangulation (goniometric analysis), and or by trilateration (analysis of the differences in reception dates of the signals), and or analysis of the differences in amplitude and / or phase between the acoustic signals received by the different sensors.
    [0014] It should be noted that if at least three sensors are to be used to determine an unambiguous location, an increase in the number of sensors 13 in the measurement volume 12a, in addition to making it possible to limit the number or dimensions of masked areas of the structure 11, improves the accuracy with which the area of an impact on the structure can be located.
    [0015] Once localized, the position of the impact zone 17 is memorized, possibly with the descriptive parameters of the nature of the event, as interpreted, at the origin of the impact (collision, fall object, etc.).
    [0016] According to the invention, the command and control system also includes means for informing those responsible for managing such incidents, that an occurrence of shock has been identified on the structure 11 and where 17 impact probably occurred. These means can take various actions, depending on the desired procedure. Said means can for example communicate the occurrence of an incident to an operator located in a control room and responsible for the management of incidents that may occur in the enclosure. The communication can then take the form of a message sent directly by the command and control system to the operator's console, the message comprising mainly a position of the incident (coordinate of the point of impact on the structure ) as well as possibly a message indicating the probable cause of the damage. The communication can also be completed, in a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, by the emission of a light beam 21 pointed at the localized zone of the impact 17 and intended to visually indicate this zone, by a spot 22, to an operator 23 responsible for assessing the damage caused and to decide on a repair procedure. In this embodiment, the device according to the invention then comprises a set of optical pointers 14 associated with the measurement volume 12a, for example disposed inside the enclosure 12, in known positions, so as to be able to directing a light beam on any point of the structure 11. According to the invention the pointers 14 are orientable and controlled by the command and control system 15 to which they are connected by links 141, wired or radio links for Receive orientation signals. In a preferred embodiment, the optical pointers are laser sources emitting a light beam producing on the structure a substantially punctiform illumination.
    [0017] 303 5 5 10 12 Thus, if an incident has been detected, the device according to the invention evaluates the energy of the shock caused as a function of the amplitude of the sound wave then alarms a monitoring operator and possibly indicates visually the location on the structure at the origin of the acoustic wave having been detected. In a particular embodiment, the control and control means 15 are configured so as to identify and designate the source 17 of an acoustic emission only if it is identified as being situated in a limited zone of the volume of the acoustic emission. measurement 12a encompassing the actual volume occupied by the structure 11. Advantageously in this case, the control and control means 15 perform the optical designation only on instructions from an operator, for example issued by the operator when is stationed in the measurement zone.
    [0018] It should be noted that, as a device such as that according to the invention is intended for autonomous operation, its installation in a given enclosure 12 includes, as much as it needs, a calibration phase, during which the device does the same. acquisition of the respective positions of the different acoustic sensors and the positions and orientations of the different optical pointers, as well as the acquisition of response curves of each of the sensors under the measurement conditions, for example by the implementation of calibrated sound sources .
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1 - Device for detecting and locating an impact (17) on a structure (11), said structure being located in a measurement volume (12a) in which operators (23) and / or vehicles ( 16), characterized in that it comprises: - at least three acoustic sensors (13) arranged non-aligned inside the measuring volume (12a) and in such a way that an acoustic wave (18) emitted at a point any of the measurement volume (12a) can be received in direct propagation by each of the sensors (13); control and control means (15) configured to process signals corresponding to the acoustic waves received by the at least three acoustic sensors (13), to detect occurrence of an impact (17) at the level of the structure, to locate a point said structure at the origin of an acoustic wave (18) consecutive to the impact and detected by the acoustic sensors (13).
    [0002]
    2 - Device according to claim 1 further comprising at least one optical pointer (14) producing at a distance from said pointer a point illumination (22) and disposed in the measurement volume (12a) so that points of a structure (11) in the measurement volume can be illuminated by the at least one optical pointer (14), said at least one optical pointer (14) being actuated by the control and control means (15) so as to designate a impact point (17) located on the structure by illuminating (22) a corresponding location of said structure.
    [0003]
    3 - Device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the control and control means (15) are configured to identify and designate the source of an acoustic emission if it is located in a limited area of the measurement volume (12a) including a volume actually occupied by the structure (11). 3035510 14
    [0004]
    4 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the analysis of the sound waves received by the at least three sensors (13) comprises a continuous determination of the respective amplitudes and frequencies of the acoustic waves received and a determination of a level and an ambient noise spectrum, integrated over a determined period of time, a difference between a noise level measured at a given moment and the level of the ambient noise being compared with a fixed threshold. 10
    [0005]
    5 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control and control means (15) are also configured to characterize the detected impact, from an amplitude and a spectrum of the acoustic wave received. 15
    [0006]
    6 - Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the control and control means (15) are also configured to eliminate unwanted acoustic waves such as multiple reflections of acoustic waves on walls and on objects, other than the structure (11), contained in the measuring volume. 20
    [0007]
    7 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control and control means (15) realize the location of the point of impact (17) by at least one of the methods of: triangulation, trilateration, analysis of differences amplitude and / or phase, applied to the acoustic waves received by the acoustic sensors (13).
    [0008]
    8 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims taken in combination with claim 2, wherein the control and control means (15) perform the visual designation (22) of a point of localized impact by directing the light beam (21) emitted by the at least one optical pointer so as to illuminate the point of impact (17).
    [0009]
    9 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims taken in combination with claim 2, comprising a plurality of optical pointers (14) arranged in the measurement volume (12a) or in the vicinity of said volume to allow illumination of points of different areas of the structure (11) on which areas must be detected impacts in case of occurrence of an impact. 5
    [0010]
    10 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the acoustic sensors (13) used are directional sensors arranged around the zone of the enclosure (12) in which is the structure (11) and oriented in the direction of the latter. 10
    [0011]
    11 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at its commissioning, the positions of the at least three acoustic sensors (13) and optical pointers (14) are recorded, the raised positions then being stored. by the control and control means (15).
    [0012]
    12 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims taken in combination with claim 2, wherein the optical pointers (14) are laser pointers producing near-point illumination,
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    法律状态:
    2016-04-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-10-28| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161028 |
    2017-04-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-04-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-04-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1553579|2015-04-21|
    FR1553579A|FR3035510B1|2015-04-21|2015-04-21|ACOUSTICAL MEANS FOR DETECTION, LOCATION AND AUTOMATIC EVALUATION OF IMPACTS SUBJECT TO A STRUCTURE|FR1553579A| FR3035510B1|2015-04-21|2015-04-21|ACOUSTICAL MEANS FOR DETECTION, LOCATION AND AUTOMATIC EVALUATION OF IMPACTS SUBJECT TO A STRUCTURE|
    PCT/EP2016/058950| WO2016170084A1|2015-04-21|2016-04-21|Acoustic means for detecting, locating and assessing impacts to which a structure is subjected|
    EP16722067.2A| EP3286560A1|2015-04-21|2016-04-21|Acoustic means for detecting, locating and assessing impacts to which a structure is subjected|
    US15/568,477| US10557830B2|2015-04-21|2016-04-21|Acoustic means for detecting, locating and assessing impacts to which a structure is subjected|
    CN201680036452.2A| CN107735679B|2015-04-21|2016-04-21|Acoustic device for detecting, locating and evaluating impacts on structures|
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