专利摘要:
This material (1) comprises at least one connecting bar intended to extend along the vertebrae to be treated, and at least one anchoring member (1) of the "tulip" type and of the so-called "polyaxial" type. According to the invention, the head (3) forms a hinge portion (15); - The body (2) forms a hinge cavity (8) for receiving said hinge portion (15) delimited by a bearing wall (9); the anchoring member (1) comprises a ring (20) intended to abut against said bearing wall (9); - The ring (20) and a distal bearing surface that comprises the head (3) comprise interengaging means (16, 21) for a first axial position in a first angular position of the ring (20). of the ring (20) in which there is a clearance between this ring and said support wall (9), and allowing, in a second angular position of the ring (20), a second axial position of the ring (20) in which the game is removed, making the head (3) made immobile, or substantially immobile, relative to the body (2).
公开号:FR3035318A1
申请号:FR1553722
申请日:2015-04-24
公开日:2016-10-28
发明作者:Thomas Mosnier;Frank Schwab
申请人:Medicrea International SA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to a vertebral osteosynthesis material. To treat the degeneration of one or more vertebral joints, it is well known to use vertebral osteosynthesis equipment comprising connecting bars for interconnecting several vertebrae to be treated and anchoring members (pedicle screws and / or or laminar hooks) for attaching these bars to the vertebrae. By way of example, patent application publication No. WO 98/55038 describes such a material. The bars are bent according to the desired correction of the position of the vertebrae; if necessary, a reconciliation or separation of two adjacent anchoring members connected to the same bar can be achieved before complete immobilization of the anchoring members relative to the bar, to reduce a curvature of the spine in the frontal plane. At least one anchoring member may be of the so-called "tulip" type, that is to say comprising an enlarged head which forms an engagement duct of the connecting bar, the axis of this duct being generally secant of the axis of this head. This duct is closed, after establishment of the connecting bar in him, by a threaded cap screwed into the head. The body of the anchoring member may be in the form of a threaded rod intended to be screwed into the resected pedicle of a vertebra or in the form of a hook to be inserted behind the blade of a vertebra . The anchoring member may be "monoaxial", that is to say with said head integral with the body, or "polyaxial", that is to say with said head articulated relative to said body. This articulation is in particular achieved by arranging a spherical portion or sphere portion at the proximal end of said body and arranging, at the base of the head, in the bottom of said housing, a hole for the engagement of the body and a seat articulated reception of said spherical portion or sphere portion. In practice, the anchoring members are placed on the vertebrae, then the or the connecting bars are bent according to the repositioning to obtain vertebrae, then these bars are put in place in the various engagement ducts formed by the heads of the anchoring members, and the nuts are put in place on these heads to retain the bars in the engagement ducts; a displacement of two adjacent anchoring members connected to the same bar can be achieved at this stage, to separate or bring two vertebrae on one side; once this correction is completed, the nuts are tightened so as to immobilize the bars relative to said heads.
[0002] The monoaxial anchoring members have the advantage of perfectly transmitting to the vertebrae the corrections imposed by the curvature of the bar or bars and the spacing or approximation corrections of two vertebrae; on the other hand, they have the important disadvantage of making it difficult to engage a bar in the ducts formed by the heads of the anchoring members. The polyaxial anchoring members have the opposite advantages and disadvantages: the engagement of a bar in the ducts formed by the heads of the anchoring members is easier because of the articulation of these heads but the transmission to the vertebrae of the corrections imposed by the curvature of the bar or bars and corrections of spacing or approximation of two vertebrae is imperfect, for the same reason of articulation of the heads. It has been possible to envisage using monoaxial anchoring members and polyaxial anchoring members on the same assembly, which nevertheless has the important disadvantage of greatly complicating the installation of the equipment and the making of the corrections. of the spine. The present invention aims to provide a vertebral osteosynthesis material overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, that is to say, to perfectly transmit to the vertebrae the corrections imposed by the curvature of the connecting rod or bars and corrections. spacing or approximation of two vertebrae, without making it difficult to engage a bar in the ducts formed by the heads of the anchoring members. This material comprises, in a manner known per se: at least one connecting bar intended to extend along the vertebrae to be treated, at least one anchoring member intended to be anchored in a vertebra to be treated, of the type "Tulip" that is to say comprising a body and an enlarged head which forms a conduit for engagement of the connecting bar, this duct being intended to be closed, after installation of the connecting bar in it, by a stop member adapted to be screwed on the head; the anchoring member is of the so-called "polyaxial" type, that is to say with said head articulated with respect to said body. According to the invention, the head forms, on its side facing the body, outside said conduit, a totally or partially spherical articulation portion and a distal support surface, integral with it; - the body forms a hinge cavity for receiving said hinge portion, delimited by a bearing wall having externally a partially spherical shape; the anchoring member comprises a ring situated between the distal bearing surface formed by the head and the bearing wall that the body comprises, this ring having a partially spherical cup intended to bear against said wall; support and being angularly movable relative to the head; the ring and said bearing surface comprise interengaging means having, in a first angular position of the ring, a first inter-engagement position in which the ring is in a first position along the axis of engagement; the anchoring member and in which there is a clearance between the ring and said support wall, so that the head is movable, articulated manner, relative to the body, and having, in a second angular position of the ring a second interengaging position in which the ring is in a second position along the axis of the anchoring member and in which the game is removed, causing the head to be stationary, or substantially immobile, by relation to the body; and the ring comprises means for its displacement in pivoting, located at a distance from the zones of the head in which are arranged the openings through which said engagement duct opens on the outside of the head, so that the ring can be pivotally displaced by these moving means, even when a bar is put in place in said engagement conduit. The anchoring device of the material according to the invention thus makes it possible, by pivoting the ring, to allow the polyaxiality of the head to exist or to be eliminated relative to the body. In practice, the anchoring member is placed on a vertebra and then, the ring being in said first angular position, allowing the polyaxiality, the bar is put in place in said engagement conduit. The polyaxiality of the head facilitates the placement of the bar in the engagement duct. The stop member is then placed on the head without tightening so as to leave the possibility of sliding of the anchoring member along the bar. The introduction of the bar makes it possible to bring the vertebrae into a correction position, which is however slightly lessened by the polyaxiality of the anchoring member; the vertebrae are then brought into a desired complete correction position, and then the ring 3035318 4 is moved into said second angular position, eliminating the polyaxiality. A spacing or an approximation of the anchoring member and of another adjacent anchoring member can then be realized if necessary, so as to make a correction of the position of the two vertebrae in which these anchoring members 5 are implanted. Once this correction is made, the stop member is tightened so as to immobilize the anchor member relative to the bar in the correction position obtained. During this spacing or this approximation, the displacement on the anchoring member is perfectly transmitted to the vertebrae due to the suppression of the polyaxiality of the head relative to the body of the anchoring member. The invention thus provides a material that overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art materials, that is to say to perfectly transmit to the vertebrae the corrections imposed by the curvature of the connection bar or bars and spacing or approximation of two vertebrae, without making it difficult to engage a bar in the ducts formed by the heads of the anchoring members. For the sake of simplification of the disclosure of the invention, it has been described above that the head comprises said hinge portion, that the body comprises said support wall and that the interengaging means are arranged on the ring and 20 on said support surface that includes the head. It should be understood that the invention encompasses the alternative embodiment consisting of the inversion of the arrangement of these means, namely that the head would comprise said support wall, that the body would comprise said hinge portion and a surface support, and that the interengaging means would be arranged on the ring and on the bearing surface that 25 would include the body. Preferably, the ring comprises two diametrically opposed extensions intended to extend facing respective openings of the head through which said engagement duct opens on the outside of the head, these extensions being intended to receive the bar. connection engaged in this engagement conduit and to transmit to the ring the clamping force exerted on the connecting bar by the stop member. This clamping force thus completes the force exerted by said interengaging means on the joint connecting the head to the body, or to substitute for this force. It ensures a reliable locking of the polyaxiality of the head during the time, able to withstand the repeated solicitations exerted on the material by the movements of the patient. Each extension could have a length (i.e., a dimension in the circumference direction of the head) substantially less than the width (i.e., the dimension in the direction of the circumference of the head). head) of the corresponding opening of the head by which said engagement conduit opens on the outside of the head, so that the extension would move within this opening when the ring is pivoted between said first and second angular positions of the ring. Preferably, however, each extension has a length (i.e., a dimension in the circumference direction of the head), slightly less than the width (i.e. direction of the circumference of the head) of the corresponding aperture of the head by which said engagement duct opens on the outside of the head; and the head comprises a groove for moving said extension when the ring is pivoted between said first and second angular positions of the ring, extending into the base of the head, beyond the laterally delimited edges of the head. said opening. The extensions thus have long lengths, allowing a large support 20 of the link bar against them. Preferably, each extension has a boss projecting from it, radially inwardly of the ring, and the head forms a recess in the wall delimiting the corresponding groove in the radial direction, said boss being able to be received in said recess in said first angular position, to impart to the ring a pivotal stability in this position, said boss being adapted to be forced out of said recess upon pivoting of the ring toward said second angular position. Said reception of the boss in said recess makes it possible to give the ring stability of position in said first angular position, and thus prevents any inadvertent pivoting of the ring towards said second position, which facilitates and secures the use of the material according to the invention. 'invention. In the same manner, each extension may have a boss projecting from it, radially inwardly of the ring, and the head may form a recess in the wall delimiting the corresponding groove in the radial direction, said boss being adapted to being received in said recess in said second angular position of the ring, said boss being adapted to be forced out of said recess upon pivoting of the ring towards said first angular position. This boss and this recess allow, in the same way as above, to stabilize the ring in said second angular position, and consequently to secure the locking of the polyaxiality that allows this ring in this second angular position. Preferably, each extension has, on its proximal edge, at least one arcuate recess for receiving the connecting bar in one of said first and second angular positions.
[0003] The bar is thus received against the extensions by rounded surfaces, allowing enlarged contact areas. Preferably, each extension has, on its proximal edge, two arched recesses as mentioned above, adjacent to one another, a pair of recesses of the two extensions being intended to receive the connecting bar in said first angular position. of the ring and the other pair of recesses being intended to receive the connecting bar in said second angular position of this ring. Said interengaging means could be formed by ramps realizing the spacing of the ring and the head in said second angular position; preferably, however, these interengaging means are formed by studs projecting from one of the ring and said distal support surface formed by the head, and by cavities arranged in the other of said distal surface. and the ring, the studs being adapted to be received in said cavities in said first angular position of the ring, and allowing the ring to be in said first position along the axis of the anchoring member and being angularly offset relative to said cavities in said second angular position of said ring, and thus enabling the ring to be brought into said second position along the axis of the anchoring member. Preferably, the means for the displacement of the pivoting ring 30 are formed by diametrically opposed lugs, forming bearing surfaces located on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the engagement duct, or forming an important angle with this axis, of at least 45 °, for the engagement of an instrument for maneuvering the ring. The invention will be better understood, and other features and advantages thereof will become apparent with reference to the accompanying drawing, showing, by way of non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment of an electronic control device. anchorage that includes the material concerned. Figure 1 is a view of this anchoring member in exploded perspective, at an angle of view; Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, according to another angle of view; Figure 3 is a side view of a ring that includes the anchor member; Figure 4 is a perspective view of this ring, on an enlarged scale; Figures 5, 7 and 9 are partial views of the anchoring member in the assembled state, respectively in perspective, from side and from above, in a first angular position of said ring, and Figures 6, 8 and 10 are views of the anchoring member similar to, respectively, Figures 5, 7 and 9, in a second angular position of said ring.
[0004] Figures 1 and 2 show an anchoring member 1 as part of a vertebral osteosynthesis material. This material comprises, in addition to a plurality of anchoring members 1, connecting bars (not shown) intended to connect together several vertebrae to be treated, these bars being fixed to these vertebrae by means of the anchoring members 1.
[0005] The anchoring member 1 is of the type called "tulip", that is to say comprising a body 2, an enlarged head 3 and a threaded plug 4 adapted to be screwed into the head 3. In the As shown, the body 2 comprises a threaded portion 5 allowing its screwing into the resected pedicle of a vertebra. At its proximal end, it has a collar 6 provided with notches 7 for its rotational maneuver during its screwing, and comprises a spherical hinge cavity 8 delimited by a peripheral wall 9 coaxial with the body 2. This peripheral wall 9 is crimped on a hinge portion 15 that comprises the head 3, described below, this crimping effecting the assembly of the head 3 to the body 2, with "polyaxiality", that is to say with articulation of the head 3 with respect to the body 2. The wall 9 has an outer shape of a sphere portion. The head 3 is internally hollow has two diametrically opposed openings, making it forms a conduit 10 of engagement of a connecting bar. At the base of each opening, the head 3 has a transverse groove 11, longer than the width of the opening and centered on the central axis of this opening.
[0006] The groove 11 is delimited, in the radial direction of the head 3, by a wall forming two recesses 12 at the ends of the groove 11. The head 3 also comprises a distal axial portion 15, spherical or partially spherical, received in the cavity 8 and retained in this cavity by the crimping of the wall 9 on it, as mentioned above. The head 3 also forms a distal support face, substantially flat, in which the grooves 11 open and which has four cavities 16 with rounded bottom. The anchoring member 1 also comprises a ring 20, also visible, and more particularly, in FIGS. 3 and 4.
[0007] This ring 20 has a proximal face from which four spherical cap bosses 21 are projected, dimensioned so as to be capable of being fully inserted into the cavities 16 in the first angular position of the ring 20, and which are angularly offset from these cavities 16 in said second angular position.
[0008] The ring 20 also has a distal face 22 in the form of a bowl, able to bear against the wall 9 with articulated movement capacity. The ring 20 also comprises, on its proximal side, two diametrically opposed studs 23 protruding axially from the proximal side of the ring 20, longer than high (the length being the dimension of these studs 23 in the direction 20 of the circumference of FIG. the head 3, and the height being their dimension in the direction of the axis of the head 3). These studs 23 are adapted to be received in the grooves 11 and to be moved in these grooves when the ring 20 is pivotally operated along its axis, both in the longitudinal direction of these grooves 11 and in the axial direction of the body. Anchoring 1. Each stud 23 has, at its longitudinal ends, two bosses 24 projecting towards the inside of the ring 20, and in its upper face, two recesses 25 able to receive the connecting bar placed in the conduit. 10, in said first and second angular positions of the ring 20. The ring 20 further has two diametrically opposite lugs 26 projecting from it radially outwardly, which form two radial bearing surfaces 27 for an instrument (not shown) for operating the ring 20 pivoting. These radial faces 27 are, in said first angular position of the ring 20, situated in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane passing through the middle of the studs 23, as can be seen in FIG. 9.
[0009] 3035318 9 Said operating instrument the ring 20 is tubular so as to be engaged on the head 3 of an anchoring member 1 and forms two radial surfaces of engagement with the radial faces 27. It further comprises notches diametrically opposite, perpendicular to these two radial surfaces, which have in width a dimension much greater than the diameter of the bar, so as to allow said engagement of the instrument and the surfaces 27 while a connecting bar is engaged in the duct 10 of the head 3 and so as to allow the actuation of the ring 20 pivoting between said first angular position and said second angular position.
[0010] With reference to FIGS. 5 to 10, it will be understood that, in said first angular position (FIGS. 5, 7 and 9), the insertion of the bosses 21 into the cavities 16 causes the ring 20 to be pressed against the support wall 9 and that there is a clearance between this ring 20 and the support wall 9, allowing the polyaxial mobility of the head 3 relative to the body 2; on the other hand, in said second angular position 15 (FIGS. 6, 8 and 10), the offset of the bosses 21 with respect to the cavities 16 causes these bosses to axially separate the ring 20 from the head 3 and press this ring 20 against the wall 9 , eliminating said clearance and making the head 3 is made immobile, or substantially immobile, with respect to the body 2. It is also understood that the studs 23 move in the grooves 11 20 during this pivoting and that the one and the Other bosses 24, by their reception in the corresponding recesses 12, allow to give the ring 20 a stability in each of said first and second angular positions. Furthermore, in either one of these angular positions, a pair of extension recesses 25 is parallel to the axis of the duct 10, forming rounded receiving surfaces of the connecting bar, thus allowing extended contact areas between the bar and the extensions 23. The threaded plug 4 is of known type, being threaded externally so as to be screwable inside the head 3. In practice, a series of anchoring members 1 is put in place on a series of 30 vertebrae, with the rings 20 of these anchoring members 1 in said first angular position, and without the threaded plugs 4. After proper conformation, the bar of connection is engaged in the various conduits 10 of these anchoring members 1, this commitment being facilitated by the polyaxiality of the heads 3. The nuts 4 are then placed on the heads 3 without tightening so as to allow the possibility of sliding anchoring members 1 along the bar.
[0011] The introduction of the bar makes it possible to bring the vertebrae into a correction position, which is, however, slightly lessened by the polyaxiality of the anchoring members 1; the vertebrae are then brought into a desired complete correction position, then the rings 20 are pivoted in said second angular position, by means of said operating instrument, eliminating the polyaxiality of the heads 3. A spacing or approximation of two bodies of An adjacent anchorage 1 can then be made if necessary, so as to make a correction of the position of the two vertebrae in which these anchoring members 1 are implanted. Once this correction is completed, the nuts 4 are tightened in such a way as to immobilize the anchoring members with respect to the bar in the obtained correction position. The invention thus provides a vertebral osteosynthesis material 1 having the decisive advantage of making it possible to perfectly transmit to the vertebrae the corrections imposed by the curvature of the connecting bar or bars and the spacing or approximation corrections of two vertebrae, without making it difficult to engage a bar in the ducts 10 formed by the heads 3 of the anchoring members I.
权利要求:
Claims (9)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A vertebral osteosynthesis material comprising: at least one connecting bar intended to extend along the vertebrae to be treated; at least one anchoring member (1) intended to be anchored in a vertebra to be treated, of the type "tulip" that is to say comprising a body (2) and an enlarged head (3) which forms a duct (10) for engaging the connecting bar, this duct being intended to be closed, after implementation place of the connecting bar in it, by a stop member (4) adapted to be screwed on the head (3); the anchoring member (1) is of the so-called "polyaxial" type, that is to say with said head (3) articulated with respect to said body (2); characterized in that - the head (3) forms, on its side facing the body (2), outside said conduit (10), a hinge portion (15) wholly or partially spherical and a distal surface of support, secured to the head (3); - The body (2) forms a hinge cavity (8) for receiving said hinge portion (15), delimited by a bearing wall (9) having a partially spherical shape externally; the anchoring member (1) comprises a ring (20) situated between the distal bearing surface formed by the head (3) and the support wall (9) that the body (2) comprises, this ring (20) having a partially spherical bowl (22) intended to abut against said bearing wall (9) and being angularly movable relative to the head (3); the ring (20) and said distal bearing surface comprise interengaging means (16, 21) having, in a first angular position of the ring (20), a first interengaging position in which the ring (20) is in a first position along the axis of the anchoring member (1) and in which there is a clearance between the ring (20) and said support wall (9), making the head (3) is movable, in an articulated manner, with respect to the body (2), and having, in a second angular position of the ring (20), a second interengaging position in which the ring (20) is in a second position along the axis of the anchoring member (1) and wherein the game is removed, making the head (3) made immobile, or substantially immobile, relative to the body (2); and - the ring (20) comprises means (26, 27) for its pivotal displacement, located at a distance from the zones of the head (3) in which are arranged the openings through which said engagement duct (10) opens 3035318 12 on the outside of the head (3), so that the ring (20) can be pivotally displaced by these moving means, even when a connecting bar is put in place in the conduit of commitment (10).
[0002]
2. Material (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring (20) 5 comprises two extensions (23) diametrically opposed, intended to extend facing the respective openings of the head (3) by which the conduit engagement (10) opens out of the outside of the head (3), these extensions (23) being intended to receive the connecting bar engaged in this engagement duct (10) and to transmit to the ring (20) the clamping force exerted on the connecting bar 10 by the stop member (4).
[0003]
3. Material (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: - each extension (23) has a length slightly less than the width of the corresponding opening of the head (3) by which the conduit (10) ) opens onto the outside of the head (3); and the head (3) comprises a groove (11) for moving said extension (23) during the pivoting of the ring (20) between said first and second angular positions of the ring (20), extending into the base of the head (3), beyond the edges of the head (3) laterally delimiting said opening.
[0004]
4. Material (1) according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that each extension (23) has a projection (24) projecting from it, radially inwardly of the ring (20), and in that the head (3) forms a recess (12) in the wall delimiting the corresponding groove (11) in the radial direction, said boss (24) being receivable in said recess (12) in said first angular position , in order to impart to the ring (20) a pivotal stability in this position, said boss (24) being able to be extracted in force from said recess (12) during the pivoting of the ring (20) towards said second angular position .
[0005]
5. Material (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each extension (23) has a boss (24) projecting from it, radially inwardly of the ring (20), and in that the head (3) forms a recess (12) in the wall delimiting the corresponding groove (11) in the radial direction, said boss (24) being receivable in said recess (12) in said recess (12). second angular position, in order to give the ring (20) pivotal stability in this position, said boss (24) being adapted to be extracted in force from said recess (12) during the pivoting of the ring (20) to said first angular position. 5
[0006]
6. Material (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that each extension (23) has, on its proximal edge, at least one arcuate recess (25) for receiving the connecting bar in the one of said first and second angular positions.
[0007]
7. Material (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that each extension (23) has, on its proximal edge, two arcuate recesses (25), adjacent to one another, a pair of recesses ( 25) of the two extensions (23) being intended to receive the connecting bar in said first angular position of the ring (20) and the other pair of recesses being intended to receive the connecting bar in said second angular position of this ring (20). 15
[0008]
8. Material (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said interengaging means are formed by studs (21) projecting from one of the ring (20) and said distal surface support that forms the head (3), and by cavities (16) formed in the other of said distal bearing surface and the ring (20), the studs (21) being adapted to be received in said cavities (16) in said first angular position of the ring (20), and allowing the ring (20) to be in said first position along the axis of the anchoring member (1), and being angularly offset with respect to said cavities (16) in said second angular position of this ring (20), and thus making it possible to bring the ring (20) into said second position along the axis of the anchoring member (1). 25
[0009]
9. Material (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the means for the displacement of the ring (20) pivoted are formed by lugs (26) diametrically opposed, forming surfaces (27). bearing device located on an axis perpendicular to the axis of the engagement duct (10), or forming a major angle with this axis, of at least 45 °, for the engagement of a maneuvering instrument 30 of the ring (20).
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公开号 | 公开日
WO2016170452A1|2016-10-27|
AU2016251941A1|2017-10-26|
EP3285665A1|2018-02-28|
FR3035318B1|2017-05-19|
US20180153588A1|2018-06-07|
JP2018517447A|2018-07-05|
AU2016251941B2|2019-12-19|
ES2699235T3|2019-02-08|
US10426521B2|2019-10-01|
EP3285665B1|2018-10-31|
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法律状态:
2016-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2016-10-28| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161028 |
2017-04-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
2018-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
2019-04-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
2021-01-15| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20201209 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1553722A|FR3035318B1|2015-04-24|2015-04-24|MATERIAL OF VERTEBRAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS|FR1553722A| FR3035318B1|2015-04-24|2015-04-24|MATERIAL OF VERTEBRAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS|
PCT/IB2016/052125| WO2016170452A1|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral osteosynthesis equipment|
AU2016251941A| AU2016251941B2|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral osteosynthesis equipment|
JP2017553176A| JP2018517447A|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral joint device|
EP16718018.1A| EP3285665B1|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral osteosynthesis equipment|
US15/568,605| US10426521B2|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral osteosynthesis equipment|
ES16718018T| ES2699235T3|2015-04-24|2016-04-14|Vertebral osteosynthesis equipment|
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