• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for cutting an electrode (20) of an electrochemical generator comprising a metal strip (40) by means of a laser beam having a power of less than or equal to 600W, a face (44) metal strip being partially coated with a strip (90) in a thin layer, called a cutting layer, whose optical absorption factor for an emission wavelength of said laser beam is greater than or equal to 0.5, preferably greater or equal to 0.8, and extends to define a cutting path, in which the laser beam is focused on the cutting strip and the laser beam is animated relative to the electrode in order to to traverse said cutting path.
    公开号:FR3034913A1
    申请号:FR1553048
    申请日:2015-04-09
    公开日:2016-10-14
    发明作者:Benoit Barthe；Jeremie Salomon；Remi Vincent
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The field of the invention is that of methods for producing electrodes of an electrochemical generator, and more particularly that of electrode cutting processes. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention is particularly applicable to the electrodes of electrochemical accumulators based on lithium. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART An electrochemical lithium generator, for example a Li-ion battery, operates on the principle of insertion and deinsertion (or intercalation / deintercalation) of lithium on at least one electrode. It comprises at least one lithium-based accumulator, an example of which is schematically illustrated in an exploded view and in perspective in FIG. 1. The accumulator 10 comprises two electrodes 20a, 20b disposed on either side of a separator 30. electrically insulating device for receiving or forming an ion exchange electrolyte. The electrodes 20a, 20b each comprise an electrically conductive support 40a, 40b, in the form of a metal strip, which provides a collection function of the electric current, the metal strip being partially covered with a so-called active layer 50a, 50b comprising an electrochemically active material. For example, the negative electrode may comprise a graphite active layer of a few tens of microns thick deposited on a copper strip of about ten microns thick. The positive electrode may be formed of an active layer made of a mixture of several materials, including an electrochemically active material, for example a lithiated transition metal oxide, electrically conductive particles and a polymeric binder ensuring the mechanical strength. . The active layer partially covers an aluminum strip about ten microns thick.
    [0002] In order to produce the electrodes, the metal strip 40a, 40b is usually coated with an electrode ink which comprises the one or more materials making up the active layer, these materials being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent. The coating step can be performed by screen printing, flexography, gravure or inkjet. After drying the ink to evaporate the solvent, an active layer 50a, 50b is obtained which partially or completely covers the metal strip 40a, 40b. The electrode 20a, 20b thus obtained is then cut to the desired profile, the shape of which may comprise one or more side strips 41a, 41b projecting for the recovery of the electric current, and / or a bank 42a, 42b which surrounds all or part of the active layer 50a, 50b. A peripheral edge, which extends around the entire periphery of the active layer, may thus be necessary when an electrically insulating joint is placed around the active layers and the electrolyte and mechanically rests on the peripheral edge of each electrode. The cutting of the electrode can be carried out before the step of assembling the various parts of the accumulator, for example by a mechanical slitting technique of the electrode, or even after the assembly step, when multilayer stack was obtained whose cutting allows to obtain several separate accumulators. As such, FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a laser cutting system 60 for obtaining lithium-based accumulators, as described in WO91 / 11287. The method associated with this cutting system comprises, first of all, step 20 in which a stack is produced in the form of a mutilayer sheet 70 comprising a positive electrode, an electrically insulating separator and a negative electrode. This stack is then cut by means of a laser beam 80 incident on the outer face 43 of one of the strips, that is to say on the face opposite to the face covered by the active layer (not shown). In particular, when the strip is made of aluminum or copper, the face intended to be illuminated by the laser beam is covered with a film of peelable inert plastic material, for example polypropylene or polyethylene. The laser source can be a CO2 source delivering a power between 0.5 and 600W, and operating in continuous mode or pulsed mode.
    [0003] However, this example of a cutting method has the disadvantage of requiring, when the strip is made of aluminum or copper, the use of a peelable protective film which covers the face of the strip intended to be illuminated by the laser beam. . The process then involves an additional step of removing the film and possibly cleaning the strip to remove residues from the protective film. Moreover, this method does not allow to cut an electrode with an incident beam on the inner face thereof, that is to say on the active layer side. Indeed, it would be necessary to cover the face of the metal strip with a peelable protective film, which would then also cover the active layer. Subsequent removal of the protective film 10 may damage the active layer. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to remedy at least in part the drawbacks of the prior art, and more particularly to propose a simplified method of cutting an electrode of an electrochemical generator comprising a metal strip, by means of a laser beam of low or moderate power, and which allows in particular cutting at the inner face of the electrode. The invention proposes for this purpose a method of cutting an electrode of an electrochemical generator comprising a metal strip by means of a laser beam with a power of less than or equal to 600W. According to the invention, a face of the metal strip is partially coated with a thin-film strip, called a cutting strip, whose optical absorption factor for an emission wavelength of said laser beam is greater than or equal to 0.5 , preferably greater than or equal to 0.8, and extends on said face so as to define a cutting path. The laser beam is focused on the cutting strip and the laser beam is moved relative to the electrode so as to traverse said cutting path. Certain preferred but nonlimiting aspects of this cutting process are as follows: The face of the metal strip may be partially coated with a thin, so-called active layer, adapted to react electrochemically during operation of the generator, said cutting strip being extending at least partly around the active layer. The cutting strip may be, on at least a portion of the cutting path, located at a distance from the active layer. By located at a distance, it is meant that the cutting strip is not in contact with the active layer, which locally forms an area of the face of the metal strip not coated by the cutting strip and the active layer. The cutting strip may be made of one or more materials, at least one material of which is common with the material or materials of the active layer, and preferably comprises the same material or materials as that or those of the active layer. The active layer may be made of a mixture of several materials including an electrochemically active material, the cutting strip being made of a mixture of the same materials as those of the active layer, with a mass proportion of the active material less than the mass proportion of the active material. active material of the mixture of the active layer.
    [0004] The active layer may comprise a carbon component and / or a lithiated metal oxide component. The cutting strip may comprise a carbon component and / or a component based on lithiated metal oxide. The metal strip may be made of aluminum or copper or nickel or stainless steel. The invention also relates to a method for producing an electrode of an electrochemical generator comprising the steps in which: - a portion of a face of a metal strip of an electrode is deposited with a layered strip the optical absorption factor, for a given wavelength range, is greater than or equal to 0.5, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8, which extends over said face so as to define a cutting path; said electrode is cut according to the method of any one of the preceding characteristics.
    [0005] Preferably, there is deposited on said face of the metal strip, a thin layer, said active, adapted to electrochemically react during operation of the generator, said cutting strip extending at least partly around the active layer. The deposition steps of the active layer and the cutting strip on said face of the metal strip are advantageously carried out simultaneously. The deposition steps of the active layer and the cutting strip on said face of the metal strip are advantageously carried out by screen printing. The invention also relates to an electrochemical generator electrode obtained by the production method according to any one of the preceding features.
    [0006] The invention also relates to an electrochemical generator comprising at least one electrode obtained by the method of production according to any one of the preceding characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other aspects, objects, advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of non-limiting example, and made FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an electrode according to one embodiment, comprising a metal strip partially covered with an active layer, and FIG. a cutting strip; Figure 4 is a sectional view of the electrode shown in Figure 3 along the sectional plane A-A; Figures 5a to Sc are schematic top views of several electrode variants 25 whose cutting strip has different cutting paths.
    [0007] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS In the figures and in the rest of the description, the same references represent identical or similar elements. In addition, the various elements are not represented in scale, so as to favor the clarity of the figures.
    [0008] FIG. 3 illustrates an electrode 20 of a lithium-based electrochemical accumulator for laser cutting according to one embodiment of the cutting method, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the electrode shown in FIG. 3 according to the cutting plane AA. The electrode 20 comprises an electrically conductive support 40 in the form of a metal strip whose one of its faces 44, called internal, is partially coated with an active layer 50 and a cutting strip 90 which surrounds partially or entirely the latter. The metal strip 40 provides a function of electrical current collector. It is formed of a sheet or strip made of a metallic material whose thickness is of the order of ten microns, for example 10 to 20 μm. The material may be selected from copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, or other suitable material. Optical reflectivity, i.e., the ratio of the intensity of the reflected optical flux to the intensity of the incident optical flux, for an emission wavelength of the cutting laser beam, is greater than or equal to 0.8, or even greater than 0.9. Thus, for example, aluminum and copper have a reflectivity coefficient of 0.99 for a wavelength of about 10um. The active layer 50 is adapted to react electrochemically during operation of the accumulator. For this, it comprises an active material whose nature depends on the polarity of the electrode. By way of example, the active material of the negative electrode may be, inter alia, graphite or Li4Ti5012, and that of the positive electrode may be, inter alia, a composite material such as LiFePO4 or an oxide of lithiated transition metal such as LiCoO 2 or LiNiv3Mnv3Cov302 (also called NMC).
    [0009] It can also be formed of a mixture of several materials, one of which is the electrochemically active material. By way of example, the active layer of the positive electrode usually comprises, in addition to the active material mentioned above, an electrically conductive material, for example in the form of particles, and a binder 5 ensuring the mechanical maintenance of the mixture. The active layer 50 is here in the form of a thin layer, that is to say a layer whose thickness is of the order of a few microns to a few hundred microns, and whose component material or materials were deposited on the surface of the support so as to form said layer. It has a shape, in plan view, substantially rectangular or square, for example of dimensions ranging from 25x25 mm2 to 500x500 mm2. The electrode 20 also comprises a narrow thin layer, called cutting strip 90, which is in the form of a thin strip. This cutting strip 90 is a thin layer whose transverse width is of the order of magnitude of the thickness, the thickness being between 5 and 200 μm or even between 20 and 100 μm. It extends on the inner face 44 of the strip 40, and extends at least partially around the active layer 50. The cutting strip 90 is made of one or more materials chosen so that the strip has a factor of optical absorption, for a given wavelength corresponding to the emission wavelength of the cutting laser beam, greater than or equal to 0.5, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.8. The absorption factor A is here defined as being substantially equal to 1-RT, where R is the reflectivity factor of the considered layer (ratio between the optical intensity of the reflected laser beam and the incident optical intensity) and T is the transmission factor of the layer (ratio between the optical intensity of the transmitted laser beam and the incident optical intensity). It is advantageous, when the material or materials of the active layer have an absorption factor greater than or equal to 0.5, or even 0.8, of choosing the same materials for producing the cutting strip, in a different or equal mass proportion. In this case, the deposition step of the cutting strip on the inner face of the strip can be carried out simultaneously with that of depositing the active layer. By way of example, the cutting strip may be made of graphite, or even a mixture containing a metal oxide 3034913 8, electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite, or any other suitable material, such as metal powders. , kaolin or bentonite. The cutting strip 90 extends along a longitudinal extent which defines a cutting path 91 intended to be followed by the focusing point 81 of the laser beam 80 during cutting (FIGS. 3 and 4). Thus, the cutting path 91 delimits the edge of the electrode obtained after cutting. The positioning of the cutting strip 90 with respect to the active layer 50 makes it possible to define the banks 42 and / or one or more lateral bands 41 of electric current recovery. As such, the example of FIG. 3 shows a cutting strip 90 located at a distance from the active layer 50 all along the cutting path 91, thus defining a continuous peripheral edge 42. By located at a distance, it is meant that the cutting strip is not in contact with the active layer, which locally forms a zone of the face 44 of the uncoated metal strip by the cutting strip 90 and by the active layer 50 In addition, the cutting path 91 here has a lateral spacing so as to define a lateral band 41 for taking up the electric current. It should be noted that the cutting path 91 of FIG. 3 is given for illustrative purposes only and that any type of cutting path is possible. Figures 5a to Sc schematically illustrate in top view different positions of the cutting strip vis-à-vis the active layer. In Fig. 5a, the cutting strip 90 extends around and away from the active layer 50 so as to define a continuous peripheral edge 42 of substantially constant width. For example, the active layer 50 has lateral dimensions of 14x17mm2 to 500x500 mm2 and the cutting strip 90 has a width of 2 mm to 20 mm and extends over a perimeter of 70 mm to 2000 mm, at a distance of distance to the edge of the active layer 50 from 5 mm to 50 mm.
    [0010] In FIG. 5b, the cutting strip 90 extends around and in contact with the active layer 50, on substantially all the periphery thereof, except for an area where it deviates from it so as to define a lateral band. 41 of electric power recovery. This lateral band 41 has here dimensions of 5x5 mm2 to 25x25 mm2.
    [0011] In FIG. 5c, the cutting strip 90 extends around the active layer 50, in contact with it on certain zones and at a distance from it on other zones. It deviates locally from the active layer 50 to form a lateral band 41 of current recovery. It also departs from other areas to form banks 42 of different shapes. Advantageously, the cutting strip 90 forms a sacrificial layer, that is to say a layer intended to disappear during laser cutting. For this, the thickness and the width of the cutting strip 90 are dimensioned so that it is completely disintegrated by the laser beam 80 during cutting.
    [0012] In order to achieve the cutting of the electrode described above, there is provided a laser comprising a laser source associated with a focusing optical system (not shown). In a manner known per se, a system for controlling the atmosphere at the point of focus of the beam can be provided, as well as means for suction fumes and / or residues generated during cutting.
    [0013] The laser source may be a gas, solid or any other type of source adapted to emit a laser beam at a given emission wavelength, with a power of less than or equal to 600 W and preferably greater than or equal to at 25W, in continuous mode or in pulsed mode, for example between 50 and 500W, or even between 100 and 200W. By way of example, the laser source may be a CO2 laser source emitting a laser beam 20 having a wavelength of approximately 10 μm, in a continuous regime, with a power of the order of 100 W. The cutting speed here is of the order of 100 mm / s, but is preferably correlated with the power of the laser. Thus, the cutting speed may be large, for example equal to a few tens of centimeters per second, when the power of the laser is of the order of a few hundred watts, and may be reduced, for example to some 25 centimeters per second , when the power is of the order of a few tens of watts. The optical focusing system focuses the beam emitted by the source at the cutting strip, for example at the upper surface thereof. The beam 80 then forms, at the cutting strip 90, a point or a focusing spot 81 (FIG. 4).
    [0014] Furthermore, mechanical means are provided for animating the laser relative to the electrode, so that the focusing point follows the cutting path formed by the cutting strip. An example of a method of cutting a negative electrode for a Li-ion accumulator is now described. A stack formed of an electrode ink deposited on a 12 μm copper strip is first produced. The electrode ink here comprises 96% mass proportional graphite, a 2% mass proportioned cellulose binder and 2% proportional latex, all in an organic solvent. The deposition step may be performed by screen printing, but any other deposition technique may be used, for example, flexography, gravure, inkjet or spray. The screen printing screen, for example of the canvas type, is sized to deposit the ink on a desired surface of the inner face of the strip. A layer intended to form the cutting strip is deposited, the longitudinal extent of this deposited layer forms a cutting path for the laser beam.
    [0015] In this example, the same electrode ink is intended to form the active layer and the cutting strip. It is then advantageously deposited simultaneously, on the one hand on the surface of the inner face of the strip intended to receive the active layer, and on the other hand on the surface of the inner face intended to receive the cutting strip. Alternatively, the deposition step of the electrode ink and that of deposition of the cutting strip can be performed separately. In addition, another electrode ink can be used to form the cutting strip, comprising the same components as those of the ink intended to form the active layer but in different mass proportion. The resulting stack is then dried so as to evaporate the solvent.
    [0016] Drying can be done in an oven at 50 ° C for a few minutes. This produces the active layer and the cutting strip. Stacking of the stack can be performed, for example at 80 ° C, so as to optimize the porosity of the active layer and / or that of the cutting strip. The thickness of the active layer and that of the cutting strip can be here of the order of 50 to 100um approximately.
    [0017] The stack is then cut by focussing the laser beam of a CO2 source with a power of 100W of emission wavelength centered at 10 μm, in a continuous regime, on the surface of the cutting strip. The focal point of the laser beam travels the entire cutting path, at a cutting speed of the order of a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters per second. An electrode having the desired shape is thus obtained, with possibly at least one edge extending over all or part of the contour of the active layer and / or at least one strip side strip intended to ensure the recovery of the electric current. An example of a method of cutting a positive electrode for a Li-ion battery is now described. Laser cutting of the positive electrode can be performed in a similar manner to that described for the negative electrode. An electrode ink is obtained beforehand from a mixture, made in an organic solvent, of an active material, for example NMC with a mass proportion of 92%, of electrically conductive fillers, for example carbon black to mass proportion of 4% and a binder, for example 4% polyvinylidene fluoride. The electrode ink is deposited on the inner face of an 18 μm aluminum foil, for example by screen printing, at the surface of the face of the strip intended to receive the active layer. Advantageously, when the active layer and the cutting strip are made from the same mixture of materials, the electrode ink is deposited simultaneously on the surface of the face intended to receive the cutting strip. Alternatively, the cutting strip may be deposited during a step distinct from that of the deposition of the active layer, especially when the cutting strip is formed of materials different from those of the active layer, or the same materials but in different proportions. .
    [0018] After a drying step and possibly a calendering step, a stack of aluminum foil is obtained whose inner face is partially coated with an active layer having a thickness of the order of 100 μm. being wholly or partially surrounded by the cut-off band which here has a thickness similar to that of the active layer.
    [0019] The stack obtained is then cut by a cutting method similar to that described above. Thus, by the use of a high optical absorption factor cutting strip, deposited on one side of the metal strip, the method according to the various embodiments described above makes it possible to cut the electrode according to the desired profile by means of a laser beam of moderate power, the latter being less than or equal to 600W. Unlike the example of the prior art described above, it is not necessary to use a peelable protective film to proceed with cutting, thereby simplifying the process. In addition, it is possible to proceed to cutting at the inner face of the strip without having to coat this face and therefore also the active layer, the protective film whose subsequent removal may degrade the active layer. The method thus makes it possible to cut at the desired distance from the active layer, possibly as close as possible to it, depending on the desired applications.
    [0020] In addition, the method provides a cutting of the strip without degradation of the active layer, despite the high thermal conductivity of the metal forming the strip, due to the use of a laser beam of moderate power. Laser cutting of moderate power also avoids electrode damage inherent in mechanical cutting techniques. Indeed, the mechanical cutting means apply forces to the various parts of the electrode which induce mechanical stresses resulting in a degradation of the mechanical strength of the electrode. Furthermore, by adequate dimensioning of the transverse dimensions of the cutting strip, it can be completely disintegrated by the laser beam during the cutting step. The cutting strip thus forms a sacrificial layer which disappears completely after cutting, thereby forming a clean edge of the strip. Finally, it is possible to cut the metal strip according to the desired contour, thereby forming the desired number and shape of banks, and / or contact recovery and collection parts of the electric current.
    [0021] Particular embodiments have just been described. Various variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. Thus, a method of cutting an electrode by means of a laser beam incident on the inner face of the electrode, that is to say with a cutting strip located on the same face as the active layer. Alternatively, the cutting strip may be disposed on the outer face of the metal strip, opposite the inner face, so as to form a cutting contour which surrounds the active layer on the inner face.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of cutting an electrode (20) of an electrochemical generator comprising a metal strip (40) by means of a laser beam (80) having a power of less than or equal to 600W, characterized in that one face ( 44) of the metal strip (40) is partially coated with a strip (90) in a thin layer, called a cutting layer, whose optical absorption factor for an emission wavelength of said laser beam (80) is greater than or equal to 0.5, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8, and extends on said face (44) so as to define a cutting path (91), and in which the laser beam (80) is focused on the strip of cutting (90) and driving the laser beam (80) relative to the electrode (20) so as to traverse said cutting path (91).
    [0002]
    2. A cutting method according to claim 1, wherein said face (44) of the metal strip (40) is partially coated with a thin layer (50), said active, adapted to react electrochemically during operation of the generator, said strip cutting member (90) extending at least partially around the active layer (50).
    [0003]
    3. Cutting method according to claim 2, wherein the cutting strip (90) is, at least a portion of the cutting path (91), located at a distance from the active layer (50).
    [0004]
    4. A cutting method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cutting strip (90) is made of one or more materials, at least one material of which is common with the material or materials of the active layer (50), and preferably comprises the same material or materials as that or those of the active layer (50).
    [0005]
    5. Cutting method according to claim 4, wherein the active layer (50) is made of a mixture of several materials including an electrochemically active material, the cutting strip (90) being made of a mixture of the same materials as those of the active layer (50), with a mass proportion of the active material less than the mass proportion of the active material of the mixture of the active layer (50).
    [0006]
    The cutting method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the active layer (50) comprises a carbon component and / or a lithiated metal oxide component.
    [0007]
    The cutting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cutting strip (90) comprises a carbon component and / or a lithiated metal oxide component. 10
    [0008]
    8. Cutting process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the metal strip (40) is made of aluminum or copper or nickel or stainless steel.
    [0009]
    9. A method of producing an electrode (20) of an electrochemical generator comprising the steps in which: on a portion of a face (44) of a metal strip (40) of an electrode is deposited ( 20), a strip (90) in the form of a thin layer, whose optical absorption factor, for a given wavelength range, is greater than or equal to 0.5, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8, which extends on said face (44) so as to define a cutting path (91); Said electrode (20) is cut according to the method of any one of the preceding claims.
    [0010]
    10. A method of producing an electrode according to claim 9, wherein is deposited on said face (44) of the metal strip (40) a thin layer (50), said active, adapted to react electrochemically during operation of the generator, said cutting strip (90) extending at least partly around the active layer (50). 3034913 16
    [0011]
    The method of producing an electrode according to claim 10, wherein the steps of depositing the active layer (50) and the cutting strip (90) on said face (44) of the metal strip (44) are performed. simultaneously.
    [0012]
    12. A method of producing an electrode according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the steps of depositing the active layer (50) and the cutting strip (90) on said face (44) of the metal strip (44). ) are performed by screen printing.
    [0013]
    An electrochemical generator electrode (20) obtained according to any one of the preceding claims.
    [0014]
    14. An electrochemical generator comprising at least one electrode (20) according to the preceding claim.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3079197B1|2017-11-15|
    US20160301064A1|2016-10-13|
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    EP3079197A1|2016-10-12|
    US10601028B2|2020-03-24|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1553048A|FR3034913B1|2015-04-09|2015-04-09|METHOD FOR CUTTING AN ELECTRODE FROM AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR|FR1553048A| FR3034913B1|2015-04-09|2015-04-09|METHOD FOR CUTTING AN ELECTRODE FROM AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR|
    EP16163964.6A| EP3079197B1|2015-04-09|2016-04-06|Method for cutting an electrode of an electrochemical generator|
    JP2016076336A| JP2016201359A|2015-04-09|2016-04-06|Method for cutting electrode of electrochemical generator|
    US15/093,898| US10601028B2|2015-04-09|2016-04-08|Method for cutting an electrode of an electrochemical generator|
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