• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A synchronizing ring (10) for synchronized manual gearboxes in particular is made by forming a flat metal material, where a conical friction surface (20) is produced, in which axial grooves (24) are incorporated. by machining without chip removal, wherein a tool is moved axially with respect to the friction surface (20) producing the final friction surface (20). At least the friction surface (20) is abraded by vibration and then cured.
    公开号:FR3031779A1
    申请号:FR1650377
    申请日:2016-01-18
    公开日:2016-07-22
    发明作者:Werner Fuerguth
    申请人:Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a synchronizing ring for synchronized manual gearboxes and to a synchronization ring for synchronized manual gearboxes. synchronized manual gearboxes, which has at least one tapered friction surface with axially extending grooves incorporated by forming without chip removal and is cured at least in the area of the friction surface. The invention relates, in particular, to a so-called locking ring or a locking synchronizing ring for a manual gearbox, the locking teeth of which temporarily prevent engagement of the control sleeve with the gear teeth. displacement. The synchronizing rings are used as external synchronizing rings, internal synchronizing rings and intermediate rings, in addition to which there is also a difference between single cone, double cone and three cone systems. So-called multi-cone systems are often used to synchronize the low gear ratios, in this case the speed differences during synchronization are greater than those in the case of large gear ratios and the higher frictional forces are, therefore, required during the acceleration and braking of the gear wheels. In an external synchronization, the synchronizing ring has a friction surface and conical outer casing, and in internal synchronization it has a friction surface and conical inner casing. The synchronizing rings are manufactured for example by forming a metal sheet, by sintering or by forging. The conical friction surface produced is machined in a subsequent working step, in particular coated with an organic friction lining or containing carbon. The application of a metal coating by means of thermal or galvanic processes is also possible. A generic synchronization ring is known according to the document WO 2010/130442 A2. In this synchronizing ring, which is made by forming a flat metal material, the conical friction surface is provided with grooves which are produced by axial displacement of a tool relative to the friction surface. The object of the invention is to further improve the known manufacturing process or the synchronization ring manufactured therewith. For this purpose, the method according to the invention provides the following steps, which are preferably carried out in the indicated order: a) producing a tapered friction surface, in particular, by forming a flat metal material; b) incorporating axial grooves in the friction surface by machining without chip removal, wherein a tool is axially displaced with respect to the friction surface by producing the final friction surface; c) vibroabrasion at least of the friction surface; and d) subsequently curing at least the friction surface, in particular by nitriding. Since the grooves, as viewed in the axial direction, extend rectilinearly and non-obliquely with respect to the axial direction, i.e. they have no component extending into the axial direction. In a circumferential direction, they are very easy to produce, namely by purely axial displacement of a tool relative to the conical friction surface, which at this time does not yet have axial grooves. Incorporation without chip removal of the grooves is preferably performed directly during or immediately after the production of the conical friction surface, in particular by forming a flat material. This results in a particularly economical manufacturing process for the synchronizing ring. Vibroabrasion of the friction surface, which is performed after incorporation of the axial grooves, and subsequent hardening of the friction surface have a positive influence on the performance of the timing ring. In particular, an increased overload capacity and the ability to increase the sliding speed are thus obtained. What is particularly advantageous here is the absence of vibroabrasion burrs and the production of a flat homogeneous surface in frictional contact, which reduces the tendency to seize, especially in case of overload. Vibroabrasion is also called "tribofinishing" and is a type of vibro-abrasion manufacturing process used to deburr, round off, scale, brown, clean and lighten a large number of workpieces. In this discontinuous type operation, granules of medium of special shape and the workpieces are placed for example in the tank of a vibrating barrel. The tank of the vibrating barrel and all its contents are subjected to a vibration. The vibratory action causes the medium to rub against the workpieces and grind them to obtain the desired result. Depending on the application, this may be a dry or wet process. Vibroabrasion or tribofinishing is described in DIN 8589. Unlike tumbling, this process can ensure the finishing of internal elements, such as holes. It is also faster and less noisy. The process is carried out in an open vessel so that the operator can easily see if the required finish has been achieved. Although to present said advantages it suffices to treat the friction surface by vibroabrasion and hardening, the whole of the synchronization ring is preferably treated correspondingly for procedural reasons.
    [0002] The flat material is in particular an uncoated material, so that the friction surface also remains uncoated. In addition, however, it would also be possible to use a flat material in the form of a sheath, in particular a roll-laminated sheet, in which it would not be necessary either to apply a separate friction lining after cone production. In the case of the plated sheet, it is for example desirable to provide brass as a thin surface. Since the synchronizing ring or at least its friction surface is eventually cured, nitrurable steels are preferably used as materials. Examples of the flat material are steels C30 to C35 and 16MnCr5 steel. To avoid any further process steps such as roller burnishing or the like, all the grooves preferably extend only axially as viewed in the axial direction, i.e., without extending in the circumferential direction.
    [0003] In a preferred embodiment, the friction surface is produced by deep drawing and the grooves are embedded in the friction surface using a correspondingly shaped deep drawing tool for deep drawing. This is easy to achieve especially when producing an inner cone, as here a correspondingly profiled deep drawing punch can be used.
    [0004] According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the grooves each comprise two side walls which extend obliquely towards each other, as seen in a radial section. This means that the side walls form an acute angle to each other. Such grooving with sidewalls extending obliquely relative to each other is particularly easy to manufacture. The grooves need not necessarily be uniformly distributed around the circumference, and it may be very advantageous to distribute them unevenly around the circumference.
    [0005] In the case of vibroabrasion, the edges of the grooves are preferably rounded, so that positive tribological effects are generated. After vibroabrasion, as shown by the experiments, the edges should preferably have an edge radius in the range of 0.01 to 0.2 mm, especially in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm, as seen in a radial section. According to an advantageous development of the invention, an oblong axial hollow whose depth is less than the depth of the grooves, is incorporated in the friction surface between two grooves. These axial recesses serve as microreservoirs for the transmission oil and have a positive influence on the tribological properties of the synchronizing ring. Again, this also reduces the seizure tendency and provides a higher slip speed. Preferably, these recesses extend parallel to the adjacent grooves along the entire axial length of the timing ring. Although this development offers advantages in particular in combination with the method according to the invention, it can very well be considered as an independent invention. It would be conceivable, for example, to provide said axial recesses in a synchronizing ring in which the friction surface is not abraded by vibrations. This separate idea can of course be further optimized by the features of the subclaims. The depth of the depressions is preferably at most 20% of the depth of the adjacent grooves, so that the depressions can not be considered as separate grooves. Optionally, depressions may be present between all adjacent grooves. According to a preferred embodiment, the recesses have a substantially trapezoidal cross section as seen in a radial section. The "trapezoidal" shape of course also refers to a cross section with rounded edges by vibroabrasion. A particularly economical manufacturing method is obtained when the depressions are directly produced during the incorporation of the grooves in the friction surface, in particular by the discharge of the portion of the part forming the friction surface. In the incorporation of the grooves, material discharges are thus obtained, whereby an oblong hollow is formed between two grooves. For this purpose, in particular the grooving tool is not required to provide a special profile. In the range of manufacturing tolerances, the grooves preferably have the same depth, which possibly also can be the same along the entire axial length. The aforementioned objective is likewise achieved by a synchronizing ring as mentioned above, in which the edges of the grooves are rounded by vibroabrasion, where vibroabrasion is performed before hardening of the friction surface. The synchronizing ring according to the invention has a particularly high performance, an increased overload capacity and the ability to increase the sliding speed. By rounding the edges, positive tribological effects are generated. Since the synchronizing ring according to the invention is generally free of burrs and has a flat, homogeneous surface in frictional contact, the tendency to seize in case of overload is reduced. In addition, the synchronizing ring according to the invention is characterized by a simple and inexpensive manufacture. By means of microscopic analysis, it is possible to determine whether a ring has been crushed before or after curing. According to a development of the synchronizing ring according to the invention, the friction surface comprises an oblong axial recess, the depth of which is less than the depth of the grooves, in particular amounts to a maximum of 20% of the depth. grooves, between two adjacent grooves. This axial hollow serves as a microreservoir for the transmission oil and likewise improves the tribological properties of the synchronizing ring, where this development, as mentioned above, can also be considered as an independent invention. As explained above, the synchronizing ring according to the invention is in particular a locking ring with locking teeth projecting radially. These locking teeth are an integral part of the synchronizing ring and are produced by forming. The locking teeth can be produced already before forming, for example by punching the flat material, so that thereafter no further machining post-processing is required at the area of the locking teeth. The blocking synchronization ring according to the invention consists of only one part. In addition, all the developments and advantages mentioned with regard to the method according to the invention also apply to the synchronizing ring according to the invention and vice versa.
    [0006] Other features and advantages of the invention may be derived from the following description of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a synchronizing ring according to the invention; - Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the synchronizing ring of Figure 1; 3 represents a considerably enlarged section of the friction surface of the synchronizing ring of FIGS. 1 and 2 in a radial sectional view; - Figure 4 shows a view of a flat metal material, from which is formed the synchronizing ring according to the invention; and - Figures 5 and 6 show successive steps during forming of the flat material to produce the synchronizing ring according to the invention, with reference to which the method according to the invention will be explained.
    [0007] Figure 1 shows a synchronizing ring 10 in the form of a locking ring or a locking synchronization ring. The same figure comprises a ring body 12 from which several locking teeth 16 protrude at an axial end 14. The locking teeth 16 are part of a collar directed radially outwardly.
    [0008] This collar may be provided with so-called thrust cams 18, which, in the form of tabs initially projecting radially outwards, are axially bent about 900. These thrust cams 18 are located between adjacent groups. The timing ring 10 is a so-called single cone timing ring with a tapered friction surface 20 on the inner portion of the ring body 12. Such a timing ring 10 is used to what is called an internal synchronization. Alternatively or in addition, the radially outer casing surface 22 may also be designed in conical form and form a friction surface, whereby an intermediate ring for what is called a double cone system is obtained. The conical friction surface 20 is provided with numerous axial grooves 24 succeeding one another very closely around its circumference, the width of which is essentially equal to the distance between two adjacent grooves 24. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the distances between two adjacent grooves 24 are shown to be larger than those in the preferred embodiment, in order to maintain clarity. The grooves 24 extend only in a purely axial direction with a view in an axial direction, i.e. there is no extension in the circumferential direction. The grooves also extend well in a radial direction. According to the preferred embodiment, the conical friction surface 20 is made of the material from which the entire synchronizing ring 10 is made and is designed without a friction layer applied thereto. This means that the friction surface 20 is formed by the flat material from which all of the synchronizing ring 10 is made. In operation, the grooves 24 prevent welding to a counter-cone ring and represent an oil receiving space. As can be seen in FIG. 3, each of the grooves 24 has two side walls 26 which, when viewed in a radial section, extend obliquely with respect to each other. that is, at an acute angle. Further, at least the edges 30 of the grooves 24 arranged at the friction surface 20 are rounded by vibroabrasion, where as seen in a radial section the edges have an edge radius in the range of 0.01. mm to 0.2 mm, in particular in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 mm.
    [0009] Between two adjacent grooves 24 (preferably between all the grooves) an oblong axial recess 32, whose depth is much smaller than the depth of the grooves 24, in particular amounts to a maximum of 20% of the depth of the grooves 24 , as seen in a radial section, these axial recesses 32 have a substantially trapezoidal cross section, which likewise has rounded edges 34, and are arranged approximately at the center of the wall portions 36 forming the friction surface 20, which are on a cone surface. The manufacture of the synchronizing ring 10 will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 4-6. The synchronizing ring 10 is made from a flat metal material, which is shown in FIG. and the outer part are processed, for example by punching. As after punching preferably no machining post-processing is performed, the locking teeth 16 are also already formed in the flat metal material. Optionally, thrust cams 18 can of course also be punched. As a flat material, in particular 16MnCr5 or C30 to C35 steel is used, where the steel is preferably nitrurable. The synchronizing ring 10 is subsequently plastically shaped so as to reach its final geometry shown in FIG. 1, preferably by deep drawing and without machining treatment. The first deep drawing step is schematically shown in Figure 5, in which a deep drawing tool with a stamping punch 38, a blank holder 40 and a stamping die 42 is used. The invention also relates to a receptacle 44 which may also be part of the stamping die 42. After several forming operations, a tool 46 in the form of a special stamping punch is finally used (see FIG. 6), which has a tapered end with ribs and grooves 48. By axially moving the tool 46 relative to the nearly finished synchronizing ring 10, the grooves 24 are formed in the friction surface 20 without cutting. The grooves 24 can of course also be produced in several forming steps. Between two grooves 24, an oblong axial recess 32 (see Figure 3) is incorporated in the friction surface 20. The recesses 32 are produced directly during the incorporation of the grooves 24 in the friction surface 20, in particular by backflow of the wall portion 36 forming the friction surface 20. The grooves 24 and the axial recesses 32 are therefore all packed - during the deep drawing itself or directly after it.
    [0010] After the synchronizing ring 10 has received its final shape, at least the friction surface 20, but preferably the whole of the synchronizing ring 10, is abraded by vibrations. In this method, the edges 30 of the grooves 24 and the edges 34 of the axial recesses 32 are rounded. Subsequently, the synchronizing ring 10 is hardened by nitriding at least at the region of the locking teeth 16 and the friction surface 20. A machining after-treatment after production of the grooves 24 and after hardening n ' is not done.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of manufacturing a synchronizing ring (10) for synchronized manual gearboxes, characterized by the steps of: a) providing a conical friction surface (20), in particular by forming a flat metal material; b) incorporating axial grooves (24) in the friction surface (20) by machining without chip removal, wherein a tool (46) is axially displaced with respect to the friction surface (20) producing the final friction surface (20); C) vibroabrasion at least of the friction surface (20); and d) subsequently curing at least the friction surface (20).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardening is carried out by nitriding.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the production of a conical friction surface (20) is formed by forming a flat metal material.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one groove (24) extends axially only as viewed in an axial direction.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that all the grooves (24) extend axially only as viewed in an axial direction.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the friction surface (20) is produced by deep drawing and the grooves (24) are incorporated in the friction surface (20) using a stamping tool deep profile correspondingly for deep drawing.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grooves (24) each comprise two side walls (26) which extend obliquely towards each other, as seen in a radial section .
    [0008]
    8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the vibroabrasion, the edges (30) of the grooves (24) are rounded.
    [0009]
    9. The method of claim 8, characterized in that after the vibroabrasion, the edges have an edge radius in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.20 mm.
    [0010]
    10. The method of claim 9, characterized in that after the vibroabrasion, the edges have an edge radius in the range of 0.02 mm to 0.10 mm, as seen in a radial section.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an oblong axial recess (32), whose depth is less than the depth of the grooves (24), is incorporated in the friction surface (20) between two adjacent grooves (24).
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the depth of the recesses (32) amounts, at most, to 20% of the depth of the grooves (24).
    [0013]
    13. The method of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the recesses (32) have a substantially trapezoidal cross section as seen in a radial section.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the recesses (32) are produced directly during the incorporation of the grooves (24) in the friction surface (20).
    [0015]
    The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the recesses (32) are produced directly during the incorporation of the grooves (24) in the friction surface (20) by the displacement of the wall portion (36) forming the friction surface (20).
    [0016]
    16. Timing ring for synchronized manual gearboxes, which has at least one conical friction surface (20) with axially extending grooves (24) incorporated by formation without chip removal and is cured at least in the area of the friction surface (20), characterized in that the edges (28, 30) of the grooves (24) are rounded by vibroabrasion before hardening of the friction surface (20).
    [0017]
    Synchronizing ring according to Claim 16, characterized in that the friction surface (20) has an oblong axial recess (32), the depth of which is smaller than the depth of the grooves (24), in particular maximum 20% of the depth of the grooves (24), between two adjacent grooves (24).
    [0018]
    Synchronization ring according to Claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the synchronizing ring (10) is a locking ring with radially protruding locking teeth (16).
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    法律状态:
    2017-01-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-01-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-01-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-01-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-01-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2022-01-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE1020151008696|2015-01-21|
    DE102015100869.6A|DE102015100869B4|2015-01-21|2015-01-21|Method for producing a synchronizer ring and synchronizer ring for synchronized manual transmission|
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