• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The optical detector of a value of a physical quantity of the atmosphere representative of a hazard, comprises: a measurement chamber accessible to the atmosphere; an electronics compartment for receiving an electronics for detecting the value of the physical quantity of the atmosphere representative of a hazard, the detection electronics comprising electronic elements comprising at least one light emitter, a receiver of light, sensitive for at least a portion of the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the transmitter, and an electronics for processing the detection signals, the detector further comprising a first light guide facing the transmitter to direct the light emitted by the transmitter from the electronics compartment to a detection zone in the measuring chamber; and a second light guide facing the receiver for directing light from said detection zone to the electronics compartment to be received by the receiver, the light quantity received by the receiver being representative of the presence / absence in the detection zone of said physical magnitude value representative of a hazard. The electronics compartment is separated from the measuring chamber, and isolates all the electronic elements it contains from the atmosphere and the light guides are arranged to penetrate the electronics compartment in a sealed manner. 'atmosphere.
    公开号:FR3030750A1
    申请号:FR1463172
    申请日:2014-12-22
    公开日:2016-06-24
    发明作者:Marco Stephane Di；Laurent Pichard；Jacques Lewiner
    申请人:Finsecur SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an optical detector of a value of a physical quantity of the atmosphere representative of a hazard and an alarm device comprising it. It applies, in particular, to detection in buildings and works of public works, public or private, residential, industrial, commercial or leisure. ATEX zones are areas in which there is a risk of EXplosive ATmosphere. These zones are subject to a so-called ATEX regulation. This regulation aims to control the risks related to the explosion of these atmospheres. There are several subdivisions in the zone classification: 0, 1 and 2 for gases, 20, 21 and 22 for dust. For each zone, regulations (decrees, laws, etc.) require the use of specific equipment to prevent the risk of explosion. In general, an ATEX product must be designed to avoid overheating and sparks in contact with the explosive atmosphere.
    [0002] Smoke detectors use several physical principles and mainly gas ionization and absorption or optical scattering. In such detectors, it is necessary to allow the atmosphere to enter the interior of a measurement chamber, since it is the particles present in this atmosphere that will be detected. This constraint makes it very difficult to design ATEX smoke detectors. In the case of ionic smoke detectors, for example, the measurement chambers comprise electrodes for creating an electric field for driving the ions. These electrodes and the associated electrical circuits are therefore directly in contact with the atmosphere and therefore with the flammable gases that may be present therein. In the case of optical smoke detectors, there are diffusion detectors and absorption detectors. The principle of a diffusion optical smoke detector is based on the implementation, on the one hand, of an emitter of light radiation and, on the other hand, of a receiver of the light signals diffused by the air ambient. When there is no smoke in the air entering the detector, the receiver receives very little scattered light. On the contrary, when there is smoke in the air entering the detector, it diffuses the light from the transmitter and thus illuminates the receiver. In these optical detectors, emission circuits with light-emitting diodes or with laser diodes, for example, are associated with light receivers of phototransistor or photodiode type. Again, electrical and electronic circuits are in contact with the atmosphere and therefore with any flammable gases that may be there. In absorption optical smoke detectors, a light emitter and a receiver are used, both of which are arranged in such a way that the receiver can receive radiation emitted by the emitter, either directly or after reflection. on reflectors. The presence of smoke in the path of the beam has the effect of reducing the light signal received by the receiver. Again, electrical and electronic circuits are in contact with the atmosphere and therefore with any flammable gases that may be there.
    [0003] The present invention aims to allow the realization of smoke detectors capable of operating in an explosive atmosphere. For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the present invention aims at an optical detector of a value of a physical quantity of the atmosphere representative of a hazard, the detector comprising: at least one measuring chamber accessible to the atmosphere; at least one electronics compartment for receiving an electronic device for detecting the value of the physical quantity representative of a hazard, the electronic detection device comprising electronic elements comprising at least: a light emitter; a light receiver, sensitive for at least a portion of the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the transmitter, and a processing electronics of the detection signals; the detector further comprising: a first light guide facing the transmitter to direct the light emitted by the transmitter from the electronics compartment to a detection zone in the measurement chamber; and a second light guide facing the receiver for directing light from said detection zone to the electronics compartment to be received by the receiver, the amount of light received by the receiver being representative of the value of the physical magnitude representative of a danger; in which the electronics compartment is separated from the measuring chamber, and isolates all the electronic elements that it contains from the atmosphere; and the light guides are arranged to penetrate the electronics compartment in an airtight manner. The physical quantity representative of a danger is measurable by optical means. For example, this physical quantity is a proportion of particles in the air or a presence of gas detectable by spectroscopy. Thus, it is possible to benefit in the measurement chamber from an optical detection of the smoke, this chamber being open to the atmosphere but containing no electrical circuit likely to present a risk vis-à-vis the ATEX regulations, and to have the electrical and electronic part of the detector 15 completely isolated from the atmosphere. In embodiments, the electronics compartment isolates all electronic electronics elements from the atmosphere by a sealed enclosure. In embodiments, at least one O-ring is provided for connecting at least one of the light guides to the electronics compartment at the point of penetration of the first and / or second guide into the electronics compartment. The sealing around the light guides during their penetration into the electronic part can be ensured in various ways, for example in one embodiment the detector comprises an O-ring for connecting a light guide to the electronic compartment at the point of contact. penetration of said guide into the electronics compartment. In embodiments, the electronics compartment isolates all of the electronic elements from the atmosphere by coating all of the electronic elements it contains with an electrically insulating resin. In other embodiments, sealing can also be provided by direct molding of the guides in the encapsulating resin of the components and other metal parts of the electronic part. In embodiments, the end of at least one of the light guides is embedded in the resin.
    [0004] In embodiments, at least one of the light guides is surrounded by a sheath whose refractive index is smaller than the refractive index of the light guide. In this way, a light beam that enters the light guide at an appropriate angle undergoes multiple internal reflections. Thus, if the material constituting the core of the light guide is not too absorbent for the transmitted light, the light that enters one end of the light guide is almost completely recovered at the other end of the light guide. In embodiments, at least one of the light guides is surrounded by a reflective layer of light. In embodiments, the light emitter is arranged to emit light rays whose wavelength is in the infrared and each light guide comprises at least a portion of silica or polycarbonate. Each light guide may be composed of a low absorbency material for the transmitted wavelengths. For example, in one embodiment the light emitter is arranged to emit light rays whose wavelength is in the infrared and each light guide contains at least silica. In another embodiment, each light guide is made of a plastic material, easy to mold or to inject. It is advantageous for this material to be a material that has two particular properties: good infrared transmission and shrinkage. limited when demolding molded parts. Polycarbonate is one of these materials. Because of its sensitivity in the infrared, the receiver is insensitive to ambient light, which reduces the risk of false alarms and the transmission of light rays is facilitated in each waveguide. In embodiments, said value of the physical quantity in the detection zone corresponds to the scattering of the light emitted by the transmitter to the receiver. In embodiments, said value of the physical magnitude in the detection zone corresponds to the reduction, by absorption, of the light directed from the transmitter to the receiver. In embodiments, a reflector is provided to reflect the light in the measuring chamber to the second light guide In embodiments, the first and second lightguides are constituted by a single mechanical part having a connection resistant to the passage of light from the first light guide to the light guide. second light guide. In particular embodiments, the link resistant to the passage of light carries a centering pin. Thanks to these provisions, the positioning of the single piece comprising the prisms is reproducible and accurate. In embodiments, a single mechanical part has the first and second light guides and a light-resistant linkage from the first light reflector to the second light reflector. Thanks to these arrangements, the positioning of the light emitting and receiving components is carried out jointly. It is therefore simplified and the reproducibility of the sensitivity of the electronic smoke detection circuit is improved. In addition, the reproducibility of the emission / reception angles of the light rays is improved. The manufacture of light reflectors is facilitated because they can be molded together with the connection that connects them. Another problem that arises in diffusion optical detectors relates to the detection of faults and in particular the absence of emission by a light-emitting component and / or in the event of loss of sensitivity of a light-receiving component. These failures are critical because they limit or even prevent the detection of smoke. In particular embodiments, said link comprises an optical guide adapted to convey part of the light emitted by the transmitter to the receiver, the smoke detection electronics being adapted to detect the absence of reception, by said receiver , of said portion of the light emitted by the transmitter and to emit a signal representative of this lack of reception. Thanks to these arrangements, a very small portion of the light emitted by the transmitter reaches the receiver permanently. When it is detected that the receiver no longer emits a signal representative of this part or emits an attenuated signal, the electronics signals a fault or a malfunction of the detector. The part of the light which reaches permanently is calibrated to be always lower than the level of light required for the detection of the smoke so that this permanent part does not disturb the detection of smoke.
    [0005] In embodiments, the light-passing link is a broken optical guide, a portion of the broken optical guide opening outwardly of the optical detector in an air-tight manner. Thanks to these arrangements, it is possible: to check the operation of the transmitter component by positioning an external receiver component, for example in a mobile housing that can be positioned, facing the place where said optical guide opens out, especially in the case where the transmitter component is capable of transmitting in the visible range, communicating at least one information to the outside, such as, for example, signaling smoke detection or failure of the smoke detection circuit and / or - communicating with the smoke detection by emitting, for example with a remote control, a light signal to the place where said optical guide opens.
    [0006] In particular embodiments, the light-passage-resistant bond is a baffle optical guide, an optical guide comprising an absorbing region of light in the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the emitter and / or a optical guide comprising a reflecting zone of the light in the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the emitter.
    [0007] Thanks to these arrangements, the risks of parasitic illumination of the receiver via the optical fiber are reduced. In embodiments, the first light guide comprises a convergent reflector arranged to focus the light in the detection zone and / or the second light reflector comprises a convergent guide arranged to focus the light coming from the zone towards the receiver. detection. Thanks to these provisions, the detection zone, in which any smoke to be detected is traversed by the light rays, is smaller, which reduces the risk of unwanted reflection and the noise level. In embodiments, the detector further comprises: a housing for housing the measuring chamber and arranged to allow the passage of air while minimizing the introduction of stray light into said measuring chamber; and an intermediate support disposed in the housing, provided with an optical wall arranged to prevent the light emitted by the light guide located on the transmitter side from reaching the light guide located on the side of the receiver. In embodiments, at least one of the light guides has a cylindrical portion: one end of said guide is positioned in front of the light emitter / receiver, inside the electronic compartment and the other end is placed in the measuring chamber and has a cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion being positioned through the sealed enclosure. In embodiments, the end positioned in the measurement chamber is in the form of a lens. This lens makes it possible to shape the light beam that comes from the measurement chamber. In embodiments, the end positioned in the measurement chamber is in the form of an optical prism.
    [0008] A second aspect of the invention is an alarm device comprising at least one optical detector according to the first aspect of the present invention, and an alarm signal transmitter whose alarm signal transmission is representative of the detection. a value of the physical quantity representative of a hazard by a said optical detector.
    [0009] In embodiments, the device includes a reflector for the light waves emitted by the first light guide, this reflector being positioned to return said light beam to the second light guide. In embodiments, the measurement chamber is constituted by the room to be monitored, the optical detector being placed in the vicinity of a first end of the room, the light beam emitted through the first light guide passing through said room, the reflector being placed in the vicinity of the opposite end of said room, and being positioned to return said light beam to the second light guide. Other advantages, aims and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description given for an explanatory and non-limiting purpose with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 schematically represents an optical detector according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 schematically represents an optical detector according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 schematically represents an optical detector according to a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 schematically represents an alarm system according to one embodiment of the invention and FIGS. 5 to 10 show, schematically, other embodiments of an optical detector which is the subject of the present invention. For the sake of clarity, the figures are not scaled.
    [0010] An optical detector of a value of a physical magnitude of the atmosphere representative of a hazard according to a first embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the optical detector is configured to detect the presence smoke in the atmosphere around the detector, the value of the physical magnitude representative of a hazard being the amount or rate of smoke particles or aerosols associated with a fire in the atmosphere. FIG. 1 shows an optical detector 100 according to the first embodiment comprising in a housing 105 a measurement chamber 110 accessible to the atmosphere and an electronics compartment 120 for receiving a smoke detection electronics 130. smoke detection device 130 comprises a light emitter 131, a light receiver 132 sensitive for at least a portion of the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the emitter 131, and a processing electronics of the detection signals 133. In a particular embodiment the housing 105 may have openings in baffles to allow the passage of air in the measurement chamber 110 through a detection zone D while minimizing the penetration of ambient light into the detection zone D. The internal walls of the housing can be arranged to reflect at least the light rays. n first light guide 141 facing the transmitter 131 to direct the light emitted by the transmitter 131, the electronics compartment 120 to the detection zone D in the measuring chamber 110; and a second light guide 142 facing the receiver 132 for directing light from said detection area D to the electronics compartment 120 to be received by the receiver 132.
    [0011] In this embodiment, the light quantity received by the receiver 132 is representative of the presence / absence in the detection zone D of the smoke particles. Each light guide 141 and 142 may be composed of a low absorbency material for the transmitted wavelengths. For example, in this embodiment the light emitter 131 is arranged to emit light rays whose wavelength is in the infrared and each light guide 141 and 142 is composed of at least silica. Other materials may be suitable, for example plastic materials, which are easy to mold or inject, such as polycarbonate. Such a material, like many amorphous polymers, has a limited shrinkage when demolding molded parts. The light emitting component 131 is, for example, a light emitting diode operating in the infrared. The light receiving component 132 is, for example, a photodiode or phototransistor operating in the infrared. The electronics compartment 120 includes a sealed enclosure 125 configured to isolate all electronics components 130 from the atmosphere. In other embodiments the sealing may be provided otherwise. For example, in another embodiment, all electronic elements 130 are encapsulated by a resin to isolate them from the atmosphere. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the resin on the component that stands out most is equal to at least 30 mm. The first light guide 141 and the second light guide 142 are arranged to enter the electronics compartment 120 in an airtight manner to prevent exposure of the electronics components 130 to the atmosphere. The sealing around the light guides during their penetration into the electronic part can be ensured in various ways, for example in this first embodiment the optical detector 100 has O-rings 151 and 152 to seal between the first and the second light guide 141 142 and the electronics compartment 120 respectively at the points of penetration of the first and second guides 141, 142 in the sealed enclosure 125. In other embodiments the seal may also be provided by direct molding of the light guides 141, 142 in a resin for encapsulation of the components and other metal parts of the electronic part. In a particular embodiment of the invention, one end of each light guide 141 and 142 may be embedded in the resin. In the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the first light guide 141 and the second light guide 142 are each surrounded by a sheath whose refractive index is smaller than the refractive index of the guide of light. light. In this way, a light beam that enters a light guide at an appropriate angle undergoes multiple internal reflections. Thus, if the material constituting the core of the light guide is not too absorbent for the transmitted light, the light that enters one end of the light guide 141, 142 is almost entirely recovered at the other end of the light guide. 141, 142. In a particular embodiment of the invention, at least one of the light guides 141, 142 is surrounded by a reflective layer of light. The detection electronics 130 comprises power supply and signal processing components, on the one hand, to supply power to the transmitter 131 and the receiver 132 and, on the other hand, to process the electrical signals coming out of the component light receiver 132 to determine whether smoke passes through the detection zone D. These components 130 and their connection are known to those skilled in the art of smoke detectors and are therefore no longer described here. The light guides 141 and 142 are oriented relative to each other such that in the absence of smoke particles in the detection zone D the light emitted by the transmitter 131 does not reach the receiver 132. When smoke particles enter the measuring chamber 110 and reach the detection zone D, light is directed by smoke particles towards the light guide 142 which directs it towards the receiver 132. detection signal processing 133 detects that the amount of light received by the receiver 132 exceeds a predetermined threshold an alarm signal is triggered in an alarm module to signal the presence of smoke. In a second embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2, the optical detector 200 further comprises a reflector 260 for directing light emitted by the transmitter 231 to the receiver 232 in the absence of smoke particles in the detection zone D. When particles, for example smoke particles, enter the measuring chamber 210 and reach the detection zone D, light is scattered or absorbed by these particles in such a way that the quantity of light directed by the light guide 242 to the receiver 232 decreases. When the detection signal processing electronics 233 detects that the amount of light received by the receiver 232 falls below a predetermined threshold an alarm signal is triggered in an alarm module to signal the presence of smoke.
    [0012] An optical detector of a physical magnitude value of the atmosphere representative of a hazard according to a third embodiment is shown schematically in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the optical detector 300 is configured to detect the presence of smoke in the atmosphere, the value of the physical quantity representative of a hazard being the quantity or rate of smoke particles or aerosols associated with a fire in the atmosphere. FIG. 3 shows an optical detector 300 according to the third embodiment comprising an electronics compartment 320 similar to the electronics compartment 120 of the first embodiment for receiving a smoke detection electronics 330. The detection electronics of FIG. smoke 330 comprises a light emitter 331, a light receiver 332 sensitive for at least a portion of the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the emitter 331, and a processing electronics of the detection signals 333. In this third mode embodiment of the invention the measuring chamber is constituted by a zone 310 of the room to be monitored in which the optical detector 300 is installed. A reflector 360 is installed in the room to direct, by reflection, the light emitted by the transmitter 331 to the receiver 332 in the absence of smoke particles in a detection zone DD in the room 310. When smoke particles penetrate in zone 310 of the room and reach the detection zone DD, light is diffused by smoke particles such that the amount of light directed by the light guide 342 to the receiver 332 decreases. When the detection signal processing electronics 333 detects that the amount of light received by the receiver 332 falls below a predetermined threshold an alarm signal is triggered in an alarm module to signal the presence of smoke.
    [0013] An alarm system 1055 according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4. The alarm system 1055 comprises an alarm device 1020 and optical detectors 1005 according to one of the embodiments of the invention. . Each optical detector 1005 is connected to the alarm device by a link 1045, wired or not to transmit detection signals to the alarm device. The alarm device comprises an alarm signal transmitter 1050 whose alarm signal emission is representative of the detection of a physical magnitude value of the atmosphere representative of a hazard by at least one of the detectors 1005. The alarm signal transmitter 1020 comprises, for example, a loudspeaker 1050. In a fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the first light guide and the second light guide have light reflectors constituted here, faces 465 of two respective prisms 461 and 462. The prism 461 facing the transmitter 431 is arranged to direct the light emitted by the transmitter 431 towards a detection zone D; and the prism 462 facing the receiver 432 is arranged to direct, in the presence of smoke in the detection zone D, the light scattered from said detection zone D towards the receiver 432. The intersection of the cone of light emitted the first light guide 461 and the useful reception cone of the second reception guide 462 define the detection zone 15. D Light beams LE and LR, useful for smoke detection, as well as the detection zone D are shown in broken lines in FIG. 4. Each of the prisms 461 and 462 has a flat lower surface 463, a flat lateral surface 460 oblique and a curved face 465 forming a converging mirror. Prisms 461 and 462 are, for example, polycarbonate. This material has the advantage of being, at least partially, transparent in part of the infrared. Thus, the receiver is not sensitive to ambient light, which reduces the risk of false alarm and the transmission of light rays is facilitated both in the prism of the side of the light emitter and in the prism of the receiver side. of light. In addition, this material has a limited shrinkage when demolding molded parts. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the shape of the curved face 465 of the prisms 461 and 462 and the angle of incidence of the light rays LE and LR on this curved face 465 make it a convergent mirror whose focal length is substantially equal. at the distance traveled by the central light beam emitted by the light emitter 431 before reaching the curved face 465, multiplied by the optical index of the material constituting the prism. In this way, the light rays emerging from the prism facing the light emitting component 431 are substantially parallel.
    [0014] For reasons of symmetry, the light rays coming from the detection zone D converge, thanks to the curved face 465 of the prism facing the light-receiving component 432, on the sensitive part of this component 432. The detection electronics including the transmitter and the receiver are housed in an electronics compartment that is impervious to the atmosphere. The first light guide 441 and the second light guide 442 are arranged to penetrate the electronics compartment 420 which houses the detection electronics in an airtight manner to avoid exposure of the electronics components 430 to the electronics. 'atmosphere. The sealing around the light guides during their penetration into the electronic part can be ensured in various ways, for example in this fourth embodiment the optical detector 400 comprises O-rings 451 and 452 for respectively connecting the first and the second light guides 441 442 to the electronics compartment 420 at the points of penetration of the first and second guides 441, 442 in the sealed enclosure 425.
    [0015] In other embodiments, sealing can also be provided by direct molding of the light guides 441, 442 in a resin for encapsulating the components and other metal parts of the electronic part. In a particular embodiment of the invention, one end of each light guide 441 and 442 may be embedded in the resin.
    [0016] As illustrated in FIG. 5 and in FIG. 6, the prisms 461 and 462 in a particular embodiment form a single mechanical part 440, a link 445 connecting, in this single piece 445, the prisms 461 and 462. In particular embodiments, this link comprises an optical guide which conveys a portion of the light emitted by the transmitter 431 to the receiver 432, the smoke detection electronics 430 being adapted to detect the absence of reception, by said receiver 432, of said part of the light emitted by the transmitter 431 and to emit a signal representative of this lack of reception. Thus, a very small portion of the light emitted by the transmitter 431 reaches the receiver 432 permanently. When it is detected that the receiver 432 no longer transmits a signal representative of this part or emits an attenuated signal, the electronics detector 430 signals a failure or a malfunction of the optical detector 400. The part of the light which reaches permanently is calibrated (by means of the geometry of the mechanical part) to be always lower than the level of light required for the detection of the smoke so that this permanent part does not disturb the smoke detection. The measurement of the quantity of light constantly arriving at the receiver 432 also makes it possible to measure the aging of the transmitter 431 and / or the receiver 432. Aging or a breakdown preferentially causes the emission of a signal, which is luminous, sound or a central system, representative of the problem and the need to perform repair or maintenance operations on the smoke detector.
    [0017] In some embodiments, the mechanical link 440 constitutes a broken optical guide 480, as shown in FIG. 6, to prevent stray light coming from the transmitter component 431 from reaching the receiver component 432 thereby. , the first light reflector consisting of a face 465 of the prism 461 is connected to the second light reflector, consisting of a face 465 of the prism 462, via a connection resistant to the passage of stray light to form a single mechanical part 445. In other embodiments, the connection between the prisms 461 and 462 may consist of any other means arranged to prevent the passage of stray light from the transmitter to the receiver. For example, the connection may consist of an optical guide comprising a central zone in the shape of a baffle, an absorbing zone of light in the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the emitter and / or a reflecting zone of the light in the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the transmitter. The mechanical part 445 can advantageously be obtained by injection into a polymer mold, for example polycarbonate, by positioning in the injection tool the hole through which the molten material penetrates the mold in the region corresponding to the central zone of the broken optical guide 480. This makes it possible to use the injection core, constituted by the material having filled the supply channel between the nose of the injection cylinder and the inlet into the mold, in order to realize the optical guide and thus save material and avoid an additional operation, namely the extraction of cores, during the recovery of the injected parts. These injection techniques are known to those skilled in the art of polymers and are therefore no longer described here.
    [0018] As illustrated in FIG. 7, in this embodiment of the invention a smoke detector 400 comprises a housing 405, comprising two separate zones: the measuring chamber 410 in which the diffusion zone D accessible to the smoke particles and the electronics compartment 420 which houses the smoke detection circuit 430. The housing 405 has baffled openings to allow the passage of air through the detection zone D while minimizing the penetration of ambient light into the chamber. detection zone D. The inner walls of the housing are arranged to reflect at least the light rays. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the surface of the sealed enclosure 425 of the electronic compartment 420 on the side of the measurement chamber 410 is provided with an optical wall 820 which, in the absence of smoke in the detection zone D, prevents the light transmitted by the transmitter 431, towards the detection zone D via the prism 461, to reach the receiver 432 via the prism 462. The optical wall 820 has two opposite surfaces 321, 322 crenated to reflect at least the light rays. The prism 441 facing the transmitter 431 is positioned on one side of the wall 320 and the prism 462 opposite the receiver 432 is disposed on the other side of the wall 820 so that light rays can not move directly from one prism to another. The prism 461 opposite the transmitter 431 focuses the light in the detection zone D. In the presence of the smoke particles 20 in the detection zone D the light is diffused towards the prism 462 opposite the receiver 432 which retrieves it and sends it to the receiver 432. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 to 8, the mechanical part 445 comprising the two prisms 461, 462 is mounted on the support 411 so that the configuration of the prism 461 with respect to the prism 462 be fixed. The mechanical part 445 is provided with a precise positioning device with respect to an intermediate support 810 fixed to the surface of the enclosure 425, namely centering pins intended to cooperate with holes situated on the intermediate support 810. , holes 1, 2, 3, 4 intended to cooperate with pins on the intermediate support 810, or clips located on the intermediate support 310. The positioning of the prisms is thus easily reproducible. This makes it possible to reproduce the angles of emission / reception of the rays of light. Two openings 825, 826 in the surface of the support 810 make it possible to position the two prisms 461, 462 in the measurement chamber, the broken optical guide 480 between the two prisms being positioned on the other side of the support. The support 310 is arranged to prevent the passage of the stray light to the diffusion zone, except that through the prisms 461, 462 It may be advantageous to provide prisms 461 on the side of the printed circuit board. and 462 two flats flat to allow the positioning of the transmitter 431 and receiver 432 within these flares, the prisms can thus come into contact with the printed circuit. In a variant, the prisms and / or the mechanical part can come into contact with the printed circuit avoiding the above flares but providing stops 143, 144, 138 and 139.
    [0019] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the printed circuit 411 is fixed to the intermediate support 810 by clips located for example at the periphery of this intermediate support. Thus the optical prisms are positioned in a precise manner with respect to the intermediate support 810 which is itself positioned precisely with respect to the printed circuit 411. The positioning of the prisms on a series of printed circuits is thus easily reproducible. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the optical fiber 445 opens onto the outside of the electronic smoke detection circuit. Thus, it is possible to: - check the operation of the transmitter component by positioning an external receiver component, for example in a mobile housing 1025 facing the place where the optical fiber 1045 opens, - in particular in the case where the transmitting component is capable of transmitting in the visible range, communicating at least one information to the outside, such as, for example, signaling smoke detection or failure of the smoke detection circuit visually or via a mobile housing 1025 and / or - communicate with the smoke detection circuit by emitting, for example with a remote control 1025 illustrated in Figure 10, a light signal to the place where the optical fiber opens.
    [0020] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown, from which we can provide other modes and other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. .
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. An optical detector of a value of a physical quantity of the atmosphere representative of a hazard, the detector comprising: - a measurement chamber accessible to the atmosphere; an electronics compartment for receiving electronics for detecting the value of the physical quantity of the atmosphere and representative of a danger, the detection electronics including at least one light emitter, a light receiver, sensitive for at least a portion of the wavelengths of the light rays emitted by the transmitter, and - electronic processing of the detection signals; the detector further comprising: a first light guide facing the transmitter to direct the light emitted by the transmitter from the electronics compartment to a detection zone in the measurement chamber; and a second light guide facing the receiver for directing light from said detection zone to the electronics compartment to be received by the receiver, the light quantity received by the receiver being representative of the presence / absence in the detection zone of said value of the physical quantity representative of a hazard; in which the electronics compartment is separated from the measuring chamber, and isolates all the electronic elements that it contains from the atmosphere; and the light guides are arranged to penetrate the electronics compartment in an airtight manner.
    [0002]
    2. Detector according to claim 1, wherein the electronics compartment isolates all the electronic elements of the atmosphere by a sealed enclosure.
    [0003]
    3. Detector according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising at least one O-ring to connect at least one of the light guides to the electronics compartment at the point of penetration of the first and / or second guide into the compartment of electronic.
    [0004]
    4. Detector according to claim 1, wherein the electronics compartment isolates all the electronic elements of the atmosphere by coating all the electronic elements it contains with a resin.
    [0005]
    5. Detector according to claim 4, wherein the end of at least one of the light guides is embedded in the resin.
    [0006]
    6. Detector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the light guides is surrounded by a sheath whose refractive index is lower than the refractive index of the light guide.
    [0007]
    The detector of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the light guides is surrounded by a reflective layer of light.
    [0008]
    The detector according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the light emitter is arranged to emit light rays whose wavelength is in the infrared and each light guide has at least one part of silica or polycarbonate.
    [0009]
    A detector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said value of the physical quantity in the detection zone corresponds to the scattering of light emitted by the transmitter to the receiver.
    [0010]
    The detector of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said value of the physical magnitude in the detection zone corresponds to the reduction, by absorption, of the light directed from the transmitter to the receiver.
    [0011]
    The detector of claim 10, further comprising a reflector for reflecting light in the measurement chamber to the second light guide
    [0012]
    12. A detector according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first light guide comprises a convergent reflector arranged to focus the light in the detection zone and / or the second light reflector comprises a convergent guide arranged to focus. to the receiver the light coming from the detection zone.
    [0013]
    13. Detector according to claim 12, further comprising: a housing for housing the measuring chamber and arranged to allow the passage of air while minimizing the introduction of stray light into said measuring chamber; and an intermediate support disposed in the housing, provided with an optical wall arranged to prevent the light emitted by the light guide located on the side of the transmitter from reaching the light guide located on the side of the receiver.
    [0014]
    An optical detector according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein at least one of the light guides has a cylindrical portion and one end of said guide is positioned in front of the light emitter / receiver, the inside of the electronic compartment and the other end is placed in the measuring chamber and has a cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion being positioned through the sealed enclosure.
    [0015]
    15. An optical detector according to claim 14, wherein the end positioned in the measuring chamber has the shape of a lens for forming the light beam that is derived therefrom.
    [0016]
    The optical detector of claim 15, wherein the end positioned in the measurement chamber is in the form of an optical prism.
    [0017]
    An optical device for detecting a physical magnitude value of the atmosphere representative of a hazard comprising: an optical detector according to any one of claims 1 to 16; a reflector for the light waves emitted by one of the light guides, this reflector being positioned to return said light beam towards the second light guide;
    [0018]
    18. The optical device according to claim 17, wherein the measurement chamber is constituted by the room to be monitored, the optical detector being placed in the vicinity of a first end of the room, the light beam emitted through the first light guide through. said room, the reflector being placed in the vicinity of the opposite end of said room, and being positioned to return said light beam to the second light guide.
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    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3237888A1|2017-11-01|
    FR3030750B1|2017-01-13|
    WO2016102891A1|2016-06-30|
    US20170370835A1|2017-12-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    DE102013213721A1|2013-03-07|2014-05-08|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Optical smoke detection module for fire alarm system in e.g. nuclear area of nuclear power station, has light decoupling and coupling units, where input side of decoupling unit and output side of coupling unit are connected to waveguide|
    DE102015111392A1|2015-07-14|2017-01-19|Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh|Method for operating a surface treatment device|
    DE102015113035A1|2015-08-07|2017-02-09|Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh|Surface treatment device and base station|
    EP3584775A1|2018-06-19|2019-12-25|Siemens Schweiz AG|Solderable, in particular single-element optical light guide module for scattered light smoke detection and smoke detecting block, smoke detection module and scattered-light smoke detector|
    EP3584774A1|2018-06-19|2019-12-25|Wagner Group GmbH|Detector for scattered light and suction fire detecting system with a detector for scattered light|
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    法律状态:
    2015-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-24| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160624 |
    2016-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-11-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-12-08| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-12-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1463172A|FR3030750B1|2014-12-22|2014-12-22|OPTICAL DETECTOR OF A VALUE OF A PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE ATMOSPHERE REPRESENTATIVE OF A DANGER|FR1463172A| FR3030750B1|2014-12-22|2014-12-22|OPTICAL DETECTOR OF A VALUE OF A PHYSICAL SIZE OF THE ATMOSPHERE REPRESENTATIVE OF A DANGER|
    PCT/FR2015/053726| WO2016102891A1|2014-12-22|2015-12-22|Optical detector of a value of an atmospheric physical quantity representative of a danger|
    EP15839139.1A| EP3237888A1|2014-12-22|2015-12-22|Optical detector of a value of an atmospheric physical quantity representative of a danger|
    US15/538,700| US20170370835A1|2014-12-22|2015-12-22|Optical detector of a value of an atmospheric physical quantity representative of a danger|
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