• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hydraulic mixture for obtaining concrete or mortar, containing a mineral hydraulic binder, a mixture of aggregates and water, characterized in that said inorganic hydraulic binder is a mixture comprising Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous cement, the sulfo-aluminous cement containing the following mineralogical phases, expressed in percentages by weight relative to the total mass of the sulfo-aluminous binder: Yeelimite (C4A3 $) greater than 40% and Bélite (C2S) lower than 40% and in that the totality or at least a portion of the aggregate mixture is of plant origin. The method of preparing a concrete or a mortar with the aid of said hydraulic mixture comprises kneading the mixture of aggregates in order to homogenize it, moistening the mixture of aggregates by adding part of the water, adding the mineral hydraulic binder and then adding the rest of the water and any additives.
    公开号:FR3027898A1
    申请号:FR1460604
    申请日:2014-11-04
    公开日:2016-05-06
    发明作者:Stephen Herve；Melanie Shink
    申请人:Italcementi SpA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to concretes and concrete construction elements, based on a hydraulic binder, a mixture of Portland cement and sulfoaluminous cement, and containing plant aggregates.
    [0002] The use of vegetable aggregates in the production of concrete has many advantages. In fact, plant aggregates are a renewable raw material and in many cases they allow the recovery of waste from biomass. Unlike mineral aggregates, plant aggregates do not require the exploitation of quarries impacting the environment. In addition, plant aggregates have a low density, which makes it possible to envisage the development of light and insulating materials characterized by a hygrothermal behavior.
    [0003] However, the use of these plant aggregates is difficult to implement. The mixing water of a mixture containing cement is strongly basic. Under these conditions, the plant aggregates release into the water organic compounds that interact with the formation of hydrated calcium silicates, the main hydrates responsible for the setting and hardening of Portland cement. Thus the setting of the cement is very slow or nonexistent. The release of cement-based concrete and vegetable aggregates is delayed, or even impossible. In some cases, surface hardening by carbonation is observed while the core binder has not set. Another disadvantage of plant aggregates is their very high water absorption.
    [0004] This problem is known to those skilled in the art and solutions such as the pre-mineralization of plant aggregates or the use of a setting accelerator have been proposed to try to solve it. For example, the document EP 1 307 411 (1-Iiihn) describes the use of Portland cement, a non-pozzolanic filler and pre-mineralized plant aggregates. Patent FR 2 772 745 (Lafarge) also describes the pre-coating of wood particles with a cement composition before it can be used in concrete. Moreover, FR 2 927 623 (Imerys) recommends the use of a setting accelerator of the aluminous cement type.
    [0005] Unfortunately pre-mineralization complicates the process while increasing the amount of cement used, and therefore the cost of the final product. As for the setting accelerators they are difficult to dose, can reduce the mechanical performance of the product obtained (especially the compressive strength) and increase the cost of the final product.
    [0006] There is therefore a need for a hydraulic mixture that makes it possible to obtain concretes containing plant aggregates in a simple manner, that is to say without complex pretreatment, and at a lower cost.
    [0007] Patent EP 0 703 880 (Vimpex-TCD) describes a cementitious composition containing Portland cement, at most 30% of Yeelimite (mineralogical phase C4A3 $, in cement notation) and anhydrite, implemented with wood particles. or Miscanthus fibers for producing molded elements. Overall the hydraulic mixture taught by EP 0 703 880 comprises a large amount of binder with respect to the aggregates, or with respect to water. In other words, its cost is high. Surprisingly, the inventors of the present application have discovered that it is possible to obtain a material based on hydraulic binder and a mixture of plant and optionally inorganic aggregates, having a compressive strength higher than that described. in the prior art, all at a lower cost and without pretreatment of plant aggregates. The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic mixture which makes it possible to obtain concretes or mortars containing plant aggregates, without the setting time of said hydraulic mixture compromising the stripping or demolding of the concretes thus obtained. Another object of the present invention is to propose a hydraulic mixture 30 making it possible to obtain concretes or mortars containing plant aggregates, with hydration at the core of the final material, without the water absorption of the plant aggregates disturbing the plants. hydration reactions. The present invention also aims to provide a hydraulic mixture 35 for obtaining concretes or mortars having a maximum dry density of less than 1200 kg / m3, and containing plant aggregates, said concretes having a compressive strength of 28. A further object of the present invention is, in the context of the production of concrete or mortar containing plant aggregates, to provide a hydraulic mixture which makes it possible to prevent the pre-mineralization of said plant aggregates. . Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic mixture for making concretes or mortars containing plant aggregates and the least cement possible. These objectives are achieved by the hydraulic mixture object of the present invention. To this end, the subject of the present invention is a hydraulic mixture for obtaining concrete or mortar, containing a mineral hydraulic binder, a mixture of aggregates and water, characterized in that said inorganic hydraulic binder is a mixture comprising Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous cement, the sulphoaluminous cement containing the following mineralogical phases, expressed in percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the sulpho-aluminous binder: -Yeelimite, or C4A3 $, greater than 40 (:) / 0, in particular from 50 to 90 (:) / 0, preferably from 60 to 70%, and -Bitite, or C2S, less than 40 (:) / 0, especially from 5 to 30 (:) / 0, preferentially from 10 to at 15%. And in that all or at least a portion of the aggregate mixture is of plant origin. By hydraulic mixing is meant a composition which hardens and is set in the presence of water, by hydration of a mineral hydraulic binder. In the context of the present invention the mineral hydraulic binder is a mixture comprising two distinct cements: Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous cement. The combination of these two types of cement is important because each cement brings a particular effect. The sulfo-aluminous cement makes it possible to obtain a rapid uptake and thus to counterbalance the problems of delayed setting but also to prevent too much of the water necessary for hydration being trapped by the plant aggregates. . Portland cement ensures the long-term strength properties of the final product by ensuring the development of mechanical properties.
    [0008] In cement notation the mineralogical phase Yeelimite is written as C4A3 $, and the Belite is C2S. This proportion of Yeelimite is typical of a sulfo-aluminous cement, it can not be an aluminous cement.
    [0009] Preferably, the hydraulic mixture according to the present invention does not contain mineral binders belonging to the families of sulpho-belitic cements or aluminous cements. The term "aggregates" refers to non-pozzolanic solid particles, that is to say not contributing to the development of the mechanical strengths of the final material. Vegetable aggregates, derived from biomass, mineral aggregates, extracted from quarries or deposits, are distinguished. Mineral aggregates with a diameter of less than 4 mm are commonly referred to as "sand". Aggregates with a diameter greater than 4 mm are commonly referred to as "chippings". By mass of dry aggregates is meant the mass of aggregates as it would be if the aggregates were dried in an oven to constant mass so as to remove all the water absorbed.
    [0010] Mortar and concrete are curable materials both having a cementitious composition according to the present invention but distinguished by the diameter of aggregates which constitute them. Concrete contains sand and gravel, whereas a mortar contains only sand. Mortar and concrete are the end products obtained in the practice of the present invention. A large quantity of aggregates is economically attractive because the cost of production of aggregates is low compared to that of cements; however, a large proportion of aggregates with respect to the cements adversely affects the strength of the final material. Preferably, the mass ratio of the dry aggregate mixture relative to the mineral hydraulic binder is greater than or equal to 0.5 and, preferably, less than or equal to 3. The Portland cements according to the present invention correspond to all the cements containing clinker Portland type, that is to say a clinker containing the Alite mineral phase, or C3S in cement notation, in significant proportion. By important proportion is meant more than 40%, especially more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, the percentages being expressed by weight of Alite relative to the mass of Portland clinker.
    [0011] This Portland clinker can be combined with various pozzolanic additions, such as blast furnace slags, fly ash, silica fumes, natural pozzolans, calcined schists, calcined clays, crushed limestones, to form composite cements. corresponding to the names CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, CEM V well known to those skilled in the art. The Portland clinker mixed with a small proportion (less than or equal to 7% by weight, generally less than 5% by mass) of calcium sulphate, for example gypsum, gives the cement called CEM I.
    [0012] It is also possible to obtain equivalent binders by directly combining a CEM I or a CEM II with one or more pozzolanic additions as previously taught. This type of equivalent binders is described in the European standard EN 206-1.
    [0013] In the context of the present invention, all Portland CEM I to V cements with possibly one or more pozzolanic additions can be used, but the inventors have a preference for CEM I and CEM II type cements and the equivalent binders obtained by combination of a CEM I or CEM II with one or more pozzolanic additions, in particular CEM I and CEM II cements, more particularly for CEM type cement I. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydraulic mixture according to the present invention is characterized in that the mass ratio between the Portland cement and the sulfo-aluminous cement is between 1 and 0.1, especially between 0.5 and 0.1, preferably between 0.33 and 0.1.
    [0014] Indeed, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the two types of cements in order to correctly combine their own effects. The inventors have unexpectedly observed that a proportion of sulfo-aluminous cement greater than or equal to Portland cement makes it possible to obtain the desired effects, namely rapid hydration of the binder throughout the material and satisfactory long-term mechanical properties. . Satisfactory results are obtained with a high proportion of sulfo-aluminous binder, but a small proportion of Portland cement must be kept, otherwise the mechanical properties in the long term will decrease.
    [0015] According to an advantageous embodiment, in the hydraulic mixture, according to the present invention, the mass ratio between the water and the inorganic hydraulic binder is greater than or equal to 0.7 and, preferably, between 0.7 and 1, 5, in particular between 0.8 and 1.3, more preferably between 0.9 and 1.1.
    [0016] It is indeed necessary to provide enough water so that the hydration reactions of the mineral hydraulic binder are complete while taking into account the water absorption of the granulate of vegetable origin. This explains the water / binder ratio which may be higher in the context of the present invention than in conventional concrete where it is traditionally of the order of 0.5. However, too much water could compromise the mechanical strength of the final product. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the granulate of plant origin is selected from sources such as wood, hemp, flax, miscanthus, sorghum, straw, rice husks, or mixture of these, preferably the plant-derived granulate comes from wood, hemp, miscanthus, or a mixture thereof. It is possible to envisage a treatment of plant fibers used in the context of the present invention in order to modify their mechanical or chemical properties; for example to reduce the absorption of water, the release of certain chemical compounds, or to increase the adhesion of the mineral hydraulic binder on said fibers.
    [0017] The aggregates of plant origin used in the context of the present invention may have any shape, such as pellets, chips, platelets or fibers. Generally the shape of the fibers is dictated by the industrial processes for obtaining said fibers. For example, more or less thick elongated fibers with a length L and a thickness D (L may be less than or equal to about 50 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 30 mm, in particular less than or equal to 20 mm , the L / D ratio may be greater than 4, preferably greater than 8). According to a particular embodiment, the mixture of aggregates of the hydraulic mixture which is the subject of the present invention comprises aggregates of plant origin and aggregates of mineral origin, the dry mass ratio between the aggregates of plant origin and the aggregates of mineral origin being advantageously between 0.1 and 0.6, especially between 0.2 and 0.5.
    [0018] Preferably, the mass proportion of the aggregates of plant origin in the solid fraction of said mixture is advantageously greater than 10%, preferably greater than 12%, more preferably greater than 14%. The compressive strength of the final product depends to a large extent on the strength of the aggregates that compose it and the compaction. If the aggregates are fragile, such as aggregates of plant origin, the final product may not have sufficient strength. Mineral aggregates generally offer satisfactory strength, but they do not exhibit the insulating properties, lightness, and the renewable nature of aggregates of plant origin. The product must also be compact. Poor compaction will give way to compaction voids that will weaken the final product. It is therefore necessary to find a good balance between these two types of aggregates in order to combine their advantageous properties.
    [0019] However, in the context of a final material that does not require particularly high strength, or in the case of a granulate of plant origin sufficiently resistant, it is possible to envisage an implementation of the present invention with a mixture aggregates composed exclusively of aggregates of vegetable origin.
    [0020] In order to obtain a sufficiently strong final material, it is necessary to have a minimum amount of inorganic hydraulic binder ensuring the cohesion between the aggregates, however, a too large quantity of binder would be of no economic interest because of the significantly higher production cost of the cements composing the hydraulic binder. According to an advantageous embodiment, the mass ratio between the aggregates of plant origin in the dry state and the mineral hydraulic binder is between 0.3 and 0.7, especially between 0.4 and 0.6, preferably between 0.45 and 0.55. The sulfo-aluminous cement allows a fast setting of the hydraulic mixture thanks to a fast kinetics of hydration. When hydrated, the sulpho-aluminous cement will compete with the aggregates of plant origin which also absorb water. It is therefore preferable that the mixture according to the present invention contains a minimum of sulfo-aluminous cement relative to the granulate of plant origin in order to ensure a setting of the hydraulic mixture. On the other hand, beyond a certain threshold, cost considerations for cements and aggregates make it no longer advantageous to increase the proportion of sulfo-aluminous cement. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention the mass ratio between the aggregates of vegetable origin in the dry state and the sulfo-aluminous cement is between 0.4 and 1.5, in particular between 0.45 and 1, 3, preferably between 0.5 and 1.1.
    [0021] According to another advantageous embodiment, the hydraulic mixture according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains one or more adjuvants chosen from superplasticizers, setting or hardening accelerators, viscosifying agents, air entrainers.
    [0022] The use of adjuvant allows to control more precisely the characteristics of the final product but also the rheological properties of the hydraulic mixture according to the present invention during its implementation. It is nevertheless possible to envisage an implementation of the present invention with a hydraulic composition containing no adjuvants, for example for economic reasons. It is also possible to envisage an implementation of the present invention with a hydraulic composition containing no setting and hardening accelerating additives; in particular accelerators whose composition is based on one of the following products: calcium chloride, calcium formate, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate, calcium thiocyanate, calcium thiosulfate, sodium thiocyanate, organic compounds of alkanolamine type such as mono-, di- or tri-ethalonamine, triisopropanolamine, CSH nanoparticles, EDTA type resin (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid).
    [0023] Indeed, thanks to its kinetics of rapid hydration, the sulfo-aluminous cement can fulfill this role of setting accelerator. According to an alternative embodiment, the present invention also relates to concrete blocks for construction obtained from a hydraulic mixture as defined above. By concrete block is meant any building element produced, especially in series, from a hydraulic composition such as the hydraulic mixture object of the present invention. More specifically, a concrete block according to the present invention may designate a block, a block, a cube, a interjoists or any block or plate of any size.
    [0024] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a concrete or a mortar using a hydraulic mixture as described above and characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: 1) Mixing the mixing aggregates to homogenize, 2) Moistening the aggregate mixture by adding a portion of the water, 3) Adding the mineral hydraulic binder, 4) Adding the rest of the water and any additives. All steps are done by continuing the mixing. It is nevertheless possible to pause the mixing between two stages in order to allow the mixture to rest before proceeding to the next stage. The second step is the humidification of the aggregate mixture before the introduction of the mineral hydraulic binder. It ensures that the plant-derived granulate is saturated with water and will not subsequently disturb the hydration of the mineral hydraulic binder. This humidification step also allows adhesion of the particles of said inorganic hydraulic binder to the surface of the aggregates. In addition, the mineral hydraulic binder adhering to the surface of the aggregates of plant origin begins to hydrate, thereby recovering part of the water absorbed by the plant-derived granulate.
    [0025] The absorption of water by the aggregates of plant origin is zero or very limited when adding the portion of water in the fourth stage because the aggregates of vegetable origin are already sufficiently impregnated with water. Thus the added water in this fourth step is available for the hydration of the mineral hydraulic binder. The volume of water added during step 2) is greater than or equal to 50% of the total volume of water introduced during the process. The volume of water added in step 4) is less than or equal to 50% of the total volume of water introduced during the process. The volume of water added in step 4) is greater than or equal to 10% of the total volume of water introduced during the process. The present invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic mixture as described above, for the production of a concrete, or a mortar, lightweight, insulating, containing a portion of aggregates of plant origin, and having a compressive strength, at 28 days, greater than 1.5 MPa, especially greater than 2 MPa, preferably greater than 3 MPa. By concrete or mortar, light is a concrete or a mortar whose dry density at 28 days is less than 1200 kg / m3, especially less than 1000 kg / m3, preferably less than 800 kg / m3. By concrete, or mortar, insulation is a concrete or a mortar whose thermal conductivity is less than 0.30 VV / m.K, especially less than 0.25 VV / m.K, preferably less than 0.20 VV / m.K. In a preferred embodiment, the subject of the present invention is the use of a hydraulic mixture as described above, for the production of a molded element, in particular a building block, characterized by a demolding time of between 1 and 7 days and a compressive strength greater than 2 MPa at 14 days. According to a variant it is possible to shorten the demolding time if, for example, the hydraulic mixture is parboiled. The demolding time may then be in a range chosen from 1 to 24 hours, especially 2 to 12 hours, preferably 2 to 8 hours. According to another preferred embodiment, the subject of the present invention is the use of a hydraulic mixture as described above, for the production of molded elements as described above and characterized by a dry density, at 28 days, less than at 1200 kg / m 3, in particular less than 1000 kg / m 3, preferably less than 800 kg / m 3.
    [0026] Materials and methods Materials used Vegetable aggregates Vegetable aggregates are Granulats Technichanvre® ref 0020 (Sté Technichanvre - BP 3 - 29340 RIEC on BELON) made of 100% Chènevotte. The granulate has a length of 20 to 25 mm, a dry density of 110 kg / m3.
    [0027] Mineral Aggregates The inorganic granulate used in the examples consists of four elements having different size fractions: a Millisil 04 siliceous filler marketed by Sifraco (D10 = 177 μm, D50 = 64 μm, D90 = 8.8 μm) and three sands marketed by the company Palvadeau with particle sizes: 0 to 0.315 mm; 0.315MM to 1MM and 1 to 4mm. The relative proportions (by mass) of these four components of the mineral aggregate are shown in Table 1. Millisil 04 7.9% Palvadeau 0 / 0.315 mm 14.4% Palvadeau 0.315 / 1 mm 13.6% Palvadeau 1/4 mm 64.1% Table 1 Cements -The Portland type cement used is a CEM I 52.5 R, coming from the Couvrot plant (France). -The aluminous sulpho cement used comes from the factory of Guardiaregia (Italy). Table 2 lists the main mineralogical phases of these cements (% by mass) Production plant C3A C3S C2S S03 C4A3 $ C12A7 C $ Cover 11 66 13 3.7 - - - Guardiaregia - - 10.4 - 64.2 2.4 2.9 Table 2 The names of the various mineralogical phases are given below: C3A: Tricalcium aluminate 3CaO, Al2O3 or Ca3A1206 C3S: Tricalcium silicate (Alite) 3CaO, SiO2 or Ca3SiO5 C25: Dicalcium silicate (Belite) 2CaO, SiO2 or Ca2SiO4 S03: Sulfur C4A3 $: Calcium sulphoaluminate (Yeelimite) Ca4A102) 6SO4 C12A7: Dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate 12Ca0.7A1203 C: Anhydrite CaSO4 Method All tests were carried out at 20 ± 2 ° C, according to the following protocol: All the constituents are weighed prior to the tempering. A bakery type mixer is used for the preparation of the batch. The introduction and mixing phases are as follows: - Introduction of sand and plant fibers. -Introduction of the pre-humidification water. -Mixing for 1 minute. Stopping the kneading and resting the granules and fibers soaked for 10 minutes. -Introduction of cements. -Malaxing for 3 minutes including the following phases: -30 s of "dry" mixing of cements and pre-moistened materials, -Add remaining water for about 30 s, -Malting after adding water for 2 minutes min.
    [0028] The characterization tests were then carried out on these mortars. Characterizations Compressive strength tests on cubic specimens of 10 cm edge according to standard NF EN 12390-3 The specimens are made at 20 ± 2 ° C. They are kept in their molds in air until their resistance allows demolding (between 24 hours and 96 hours usually). The test pieces are then demolded and then kept in water at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C. until the time of the test. The compressive strengths (Re) are indicated in MPa (or N / mm2) at 14, 28 or 84 days after the end of mixing of the sample. Solid masses The density of the hydraulic mixture in the fresh state in kg / m 3 is measured according to standard NF EN 12350-6 in a vessel of volume 8 L: by "fresh" is meant at the end of the mixing with water, before the start of the setting. The densities of the concrete or mortar are measured in kg / m 3, in the cured state, before drying and in the dry state: By "before drying" is meant the sample as such, wiped on the surface to remove the 'water. By "dry state" is meant the state obtained by oven drying of 80 ± 5 ° C to constant mass. The mass is deemed to be constant when two successive weighings carried out at 24 hours apart, with storage in the oven, do not differ by more than 0.05% between them (after cooling to 20 ± 2 ° C. for at least 3 hours). h before weighing). Sagging Sagging is measured with the Abrams cone according to standard NF EN 12350-2. The 5 sag values are given in millimeters. EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 3 Samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (shown in Table 3) are examples of compositions containing no inorganic aggregates, that is to say compositions in which all of the granulates are consisting of aggregates of vegetable origin. The mass ratio between the aggregate mixture (only vegetable aggregate in the case of samples 1 to 3) and the inorganic binder (Portland cement plus sulfo-aluminous cement) is 0.55. The proportions of the various constituents of these samples are indicated in Table 3. Sample No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Vegetable aggregate 110 kg 110 kg 110 kg Mineral aggregates 0 kg 0 kg 0 kg Portland cement 100 kg 50 kg 20 kg Sulfoaluminous cement 100 kg 150 kg 180 kg Water 200 kg 200 kg 200 kg Table 3 In samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (presented in Table 3), the total mass of 25 hydraulic binder remains the same, but the proportions Portland and sulfoaluminous cements vary. The mechanical characteristics of samples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 4.
    [0029] Sample N ° 1 N ° 2 N ° 3 RC 14 days 1,2 MPa 1,4 MPa 1,6 MPa Rc 28 days 1,6 MPa 1,9 MPa - Rc 84 days - - 2,8 MPa Density to l fresh state 745 kg / m3 718 kg / m3 756 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (14 days) 595 kg / m3 707 kg / m3 697 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (28 days) 594 kg / m3 644 kg / m3 592 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (14 days) 457 kg / m3 475 kg / m3 500 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (28 days) 468 kg / m3 500 kg / m3 499 kg / m3 Sagging 0 mm 0 mm 10 mm Table 4 It is observed that compressive strengths increase when the proportion of sulfo-aluminous cement increases. Examples 4 to 6 Samples Nos. 4, 5 and 6 (shown in Table 5) are examples of compositions containing 208.5 kg of inorganic aggregates, the mass ratio between the aggregates of plant origin and the aggregates of origin. mineral is 0.48. The mass ratio between the mixture of aggregates (vegetable more mineral) and the mineral binder (Portland cement plus sulfo-aluminous cement) is 1.54.
    [0030] The proportions of the various constituents of these samples are shown in Table 5.
    [0031] Sample N ° 4 N ° 5 N ° 6 Vegetable aggregate 100 kg 100 kg 100 kg Mineral aggregates 208.5 kg 208.5 kg 208.5 kg Portland cement 100 kg 50 kg 20 kg Aluminous sulphurous cement 100 kg 150 kg 180 kg Water 210 kg 190 kg 190 kg Table 5 In samples 4, 5 and 6 (shown in Table 5), the total mass of hydraulic binder remains the same, but the proportions of Portland and sulfoaluminous cements vary. The mechanical characteristics of samples 4 to 6 are indicated in Table 6. Sample No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Rc 14 days 2.4 MPa 2.2 MPa 1.3 MPa Rc 28 days 3 MPa 3.4 MPa - Rc 84 days - - 2.7 MPa Density in the fresh state 1084 kg / m3 1001 kg / m3 907 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (14 d) 964 kg / m3 977 kg / m3 872 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (28 d) - 887 kg / m3 779 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (14 days) 818 kg / m3 773 kg / m3 687 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (28 days) 787 kg / m3 766 kg / m3 696 kg / m3 Sagging 5 mm 0 mm 0 mm Table 6 It is observed that the resistances are substantially the same for mass ratios between Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous 0.5 and 0.75 (samples 4 and 15 respectively); but decrease when the mass ratio between Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous increases to 0.9 (sample 6).
    [0032] Examples 7 to 9 Samples Nos. 7, 8 and 9 (Table 7) are examples of compositions containing 417.4 kg of inorganic aggregates, the mass ratio between the aggregates of plant origin and the aggregates of mineral origin is 0.22. The mass ratio between the mixture of aggregates (plant more mineral) and the inorganic binder (Portland cement plus sulfo-aluminous cement) is 2.54. The proportions of the various constituents of these samples are shown in Table 7. Sample No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 Vegetable aggregate 90 kg 90 kg 90 kg Mineral granules 417.4 kg 417.4 kg 417.4 kg Portland cement 100 kg 50 kg 20 kg Sulfo-aluminous cement 100 kg 150 kg 180 kg Water 200 kg 180 kg 180 kg Table 7 In samples 7, 8 and 9 (Table 7), the total mass of hydraulic binder remains the same, but the proportions of the Portland and sulfo-aluminous cements vary. The mechanical characteristics of samples 7 to 9 are shown in Table 8.
    [0033] Sample No 7 No 8 No 9 RC 14 days 2,4 MPa 3 MPa 1,8 MPa RC 28 days 2,5 MPa - - RC 84 days - 5,2 MPa 4,6 MPa Density in the state costs 1281 kg / m3 1249 kg / m3 1214 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (14 d) 1241 kg / m3 1184 kg / m3 1140 kg / m3 Mass vol. before drying (28 d) 1201 kg / m3 1091 kg / m3 1086 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (14 days) 1010 kg / m3 1033 kg / m3 961 kg / m3 Mass vol. dry (28 days) 1000 kg / m3 1019 kg / m3 988 kg / m3 Sagging 0 mm 10 mm 0 mm Table 8 It is observed that the sample with the most advantageous compressive strengths is sample 8, a ratio mass between Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous 0.75. The mechanical compressive strength performance of a material consisting of plant and mineral aggregates seems to know a maximum when the weight ratio between Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous is between 0.5 and 0.9. 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Hydraulic mixture for obtaining concrete or mortar, containing a mineral hydraulic binder, a mixture of aggregates and water, characterized in that said mineral hydraulic binder is a mixture comprising Portland cement and sulfo-aluminous cement, the sulpho-aluminous cement containing the following mineralogical phases, expressed in percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the sulpho-aluminous binder: -Yeelimite, or C4A3 $, greater than 40 (:) / 0, in particular from 50 to 90 ( Preferably in the range 60 to 70%, and in Bite or C25 less than 40%, especially 5 to 30%, preferably 10 to 15%. and in that all or at least a portion of the aggregate mixture is of vegetable origin.
    [0002]
    2. Hydraulic mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio between the Portland cement and the sulphoaluminous cement is between 1 and 0.1, in particular between 0.5 and 0.1, preferably between 0.33 and 0.1.
    [0003]
    3. Hydraulic mixture according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass ratio of water relative to the mineral hydraulic binder is greater than or equal to 0.7. 25
    [0004]
    4. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass ratio between the water and the inorganic hydraulic binder is between 0.7 and 1.5, especially between 0.8 and 1.3, preferably between 0.9 and 1.1. 30
    [0005]
    5. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aggregate mixture comprises aggregates of plant origin and aggregates of mineral origin, the dry mass ratio between the aggregates of origin. plant and the aggregates of mineral origin being between 0.1 and 0.6, especially between 0.2 and 0.5.
    [0006]
    6. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass proportion of the aggregates of plant origin in the solid fraction of said mixture is advantageously greater than 10%, preferably greater than 12%, more preferably greater than 14%.
    [0007]
    7. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granulate of vegetable origin is selected from sources such as wood, hemp, flax, miscanthus, sorghum, straw, bales. rice, or a mixture thereof, preferentially the plant-derived granulate comes from wood, hemp, miscanthus, or a mixture thereof.
    [0008]
    8. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass ratio of the dry aggregate mixture to the mineral hydraulic binder is greater than or equal to 0.5 and preferably less than or equal to 3.
    [0009]
    9. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass ratio between the aggregates of vegetable origin in the dry state and the mineral hydraulic binder is between 0.3 and 0.7, in particular between 0.4 and 0.6, preferably between 0.45 and 0.55.
    [0010]
    10. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass ratio between the aggregates of vegetable origin in the dry state and the sulfo-aluminous cement is between 0.4 and 1.5, in particular between 0.45 and 1.3, preferably between 0.5 and 1.1.
    [0011]
    11. Hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains one or more adjuvants chosen from superplasticizers, setting accelerators or hardening, viscosizing agents, air entrainers.
    [0012]
    12. Concrete block for construction obtained from a hydraulic mixture according to any one of the preceding claims. 35
    [0013]
    13. A method of preparing a concrete or mortar with a hydraulic mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: 1 Mixing of the mixture aggregates to homogenize, 2) Humidification of the aggregate mixture by adding a portion of the water, 3) Addition of the mineral hydraulic binder, 4) Addition of the rest of the water and any additives.
    [0014]
    14. The method of claim 13, characterized in that the volume of water added in step 2) is greater than or equal to 50% of the total volume of water introduced during the process.
    [0015]
    15. Method according to any one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the volume of water added in step 4) is less than or equal to 50% of the total volume of water introduced during the process. .
    [0016]
    16. Method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the volume of water added in step 4) is greater than or equal to 10% of the total volume of water introduced during the process. 20
    [0017]
    17. Use of a hydraulic mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11, for the production of a concrete, or a mortar, light, insulating, containing a portion of aggregates of vegetable origin, and having a compressive strength, at 28 days, greater than 1.5 MPa, especially greater than 2 MPa, preferably greater than 3 MPa.
    [0018]
    18. Use of a hydraulic mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11, for the production of a molded element, in particular a building block, characterized by a demolding time of between 1 and 7 days and a resistance to Compression greater than 2 MPa at 14 days.
    [0019]
    19. Use of a hydraulic mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 11, for the production of molded elements characterized by a dry density, at 28 days, less than 1200 kg / m3, especially less than 1000 kg / m3, preferably less than 800 kg / m3.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK3018109T3|2017-03-06|
    FR3027898B1|2016-11-04|
    MA39278A|2017-07-11|
    EP3018109A1|2016-05-11|
    HUE031844T2|2017-08-28|
    EP3018109B1|2016-11-30|
    PL3018109T3|2017-07-31|
    ES2615899T3|2017-06-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2553618A|1947-12-22|1951-05-22|Corwin D Willson|Cement bound aggregate masses|
    FR2662156A2|1988-06-23|1991-11-22|Stival Jacques|Concrete composition based on wood granulates stabilised by silification|
    FR2705336A1|1993-05-14|1994-11-25|Sais|Process for the manufacture of a composite material of reduced weight and materials obtained|
    EP0703880A1|1993-06-03|1996-04-03|Vimpex Tcd Tech Forschungsges|Method of producing composite mouldings|
    WO1997039054A2|1996-04-03|1997-10-23|E. Khashoggi Industries Llc.|Compositions and methods for manufacturing ettringite coated fibers and aggregates|
    DE10046387C1|2000-09-20|2002-05-23|In Ter Consult Greiz Ingenieur|Production of wood concrete products used in tropical regions of Africa comprises mixing Portland cement, cement with grinding additives or blast furnace cement, finely divided additives, water, binding regulator, pressing and drying|
    EP2154117A1|2008-07-24|2010-02-17|Miscanthus-Nawaro-Innovations S.A.|Material or dry blend with vegetable aggregate|
    EP2177489A1|2008-09-29|2010-04-21|Inge Höhn|Construction material withfiller of vegetable origin|
    FR3004711A1|2013-04-22|2014-10-24|Stephane Vogel|AGGLOMERATED PLANT FIBER BLOCK COMRESS.|
    FR2772745B1|1997-12-18|2000-06-09|Mouly Michel|WOOD CONCRETE CONTAINING CEMENT-COATED WOOD AGGREGATE|
    LU90627B1|2000-08-09|2002-02-12|Heribert Hoehn|Process for making concrete or mortar with a vegetable additive|
    FR2927623B1|2008-02-19|2012-05-25|Imerys Tc|LIME FOAM COMPOSITION FOR THERMAL INSULATION|IT201600109663A1|2016-11-05|2018-05-05|Massimo Riccardi|CANNACEMENTO|
    FR3077570A1|2018-02-05|2019-08-09|L.A. Liniere|NON-CARRIER CONCRETE TYPE CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL COMPRISING LIME-LINKED LINEN ANAS AND A SLEEVE ACCELERATOR|
    CN111154408A|2020-01-10|2020-05-15|林培双|Preparation method of antibacterial high-strength ceramic tile glue|
    MA50309A1|2020-07-15|2022-01-31|Univ Internationale De Rabat Uir|New composite material “whole pits of olives and dates and a mineral matrix”: application to thermal and acoustic insulation|
    法律状态:
    2015-11-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-05-06| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160506 |
    2016-11-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-08-31| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20180731 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1460604A|FR3027898B1|2014-11-04|2014-11-04|HYDRAULIC MIXTURE COMPRISING VEGETABLE GRANULATES AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING CONCRETE OR MORTAR THEREFROM|FR1460604A| FR3027898B1|2014-11-04|2014-11-04|HYDRAULIC MIXTURE COMPRISING VEGETABLE GRANULATES AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING CONCRETE OR MORTAR THEREFROM|
    MA039278A| MA39278A|2014-11-04|2015-10-25|HYDRAULIC MIXTURE INCLUDING AGGREGATES OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING CONCRETE OR MORTAR FROM SUCH MIXTURE|
    DK15191432.2T| DK3018109T3|2014-11-04|2015-10-26|HYDRAULIC MIXING COMPREHENSIVE GRANULATES OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CONCRETE OR MORTAL FROM THIS MIXTURE|
    PL15191432T| PL3018109T3|2014-11-04|2015-10-26|Hydraulic mixture comprising aggregates of plant origin and method for preparing concrete or mortar from said mixture|
    EP15191432.2A| EP3018109B1|2014-11-04|2015-10-26|Hydraulic mixture comprising aggregates of plant origin and method for preparing concrete or mortar from said mixture|
    HUE15191432A| HUE031844T2|2014-11-04|2015-10-26|Hydraulic mixture comprising aggregates of plant origin and method for preparing concrete or mortar from said mixture|
    ES15191432.2T| ES2615899T3|2014-11-04|2015-10-26|Hydraulic mixture comprising aggregates of vegetable origin and method of preparing concrete or mortar from said mixture|
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