• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an electric arc cutting device (1; 50) comprising: - a contact zone (2) in which at least one fixed contact (3) and at least one movable contact (4) are present relative to each other; in the fixed contact (3), the contacts (3; 4) being able to be brought into contact and separated from one another, and - an arc horn (10) presenting opposite the fixed contact (3), the height hc of the arc horn (10) being greater than or equal to the height ht of the fixed contact (3) and the arc horn (10) having a folded arc switching portion (12) extending in a direction opposite to the fixed contact (3).
    公开号:FR3027728A1
    申请号:FR1460150
    申请日:2014-10-22
    公开日:2016-04-29
    发明作者:Jerome Hertzog
    申请人:Socomec SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of arcing devices. During a breaking operation, an electric arc arises between the electrical contacts. This arc creates a counter-electromotive force in the network that tends to oppose the source of the network. In an ac network, the intensity of the current across the switchgear periodically goes to zero. For example, these crossings of the intensity by zero are carried out every 10ms on a network 50Hz.
    [0002] When the current goes through zero, the conductive arc cools down and the arc plasma ions recombine. This recombination takes place more or less rapidly according to the cutting technique (fractionation or elongation), the degree of pollution and the type of plasma. This recombination allows the break to resist the network voltage still present at its terminals. If this is not the case, a dielectric breakdown resets an arc in the cut, until the next passage of the current by zero. An arc voltage higher than the mains voltage allows this dielectric recombination phenomenon to be started sooner than the natural passage of the current by zero, which increases the chances of breaking the current. However, a problem arises for existing cut-off devices due to the possible erosion of the electrical contacts by the generated electric arc. This erosion can affect the life of the cut-off devices. There is therefore a need for new cutoff devices with improved service life in which contact erosion due to the electric arc is limited. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention proposes according to a first aspect, an electric arc cutting device comprising: - a contact zone in which there are present at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact relative to the fixed contact, the contacts being in contact and separated one of the other, and - an arc horn present opposite the fixed contact, the height of the arc horn being greater than or equal to the height of the fixed contact and the arc horn having a portion of folded arc switching extending in a direction opposite to the fixed contact. Due to the presence of a folded switching portion, the arc horn makes it possible to push back the arc in the bottom of the cutoff device, to improve its splitting and to move the arc away from the fixed contact.
    [0003] The displacement of the arc from the fixed contact towards the arc horn also makes it possible to reduce the erosion of the fixed contact due to a limited contact between the electric arc and the fixed contact, which makes it possible to improve the duration life of the cut-off device. The arc switching portion constitutes a sacrificial element that will be consumed by the arc in place of the fixed contact thus making it possible to improve the service life of the fixed contact and thus to increase the service life of the breaking device. . In an exemplary embodiment, the material forming the arc switching portion may have a state change temperature greater than the change of state temperature of the material forming the fixed contact. This is the case for example when the arc horn is steel and the fixed contact copper. Thus, the material forming the arc switching portion may have a melting temperature, respectively of vaporization, greater than the melting temperature, respectively of vaporization, of the material forming the fixed contact. The implementation of such an arc horn is advantageous in order to reduce the erosion due to the arc of the fixed contact and the arc horn since it is made of an erosion resistant material. due to the bow. Such a configuration makes it possible, therefore, to further extend the service life of the cut-off device. In an exemplary embodiment, the cut-off device may be present in a housing, the arc horn having a width equal to the internal width of said housing. The use of such an arc horn makes it possible to reduce, if not avoid, its lateral bypass by the plasma gases. In doing so, it makes it possible to lengthen the path traveled by the gases and thus to better cool them before they are evacuated outside the cut-off device. Such a configuration advantageously allows the potentials to be minimized outside the cut-off device. In an exemplary embodiment, the cut-off device may further comprise a breaking chamber comprising a stack of electric arc splitting plates present opposite the arc horn. Such a device makes it possible to further improve the breaking power of the device and thus to further limit the erosion of the electrical contacts due to the arc. In a variant, the cut-off device can be devoid of a stack of electric arc splitting plates. Such a device advantageously makes it possible to have a simple and inexpensive electric arc cutting solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: 1 to 3 show a first example of a breaking device according to the invention, FIG. 4 represents a detail of the cut-off device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, FIGS. 5 to 8 represent the evolution of an arc. in the cut-off device of FIGS. 1 to 3, and FIG. 9 represents a variant of the breaking device 35 according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 represents an example of an electric arc cut-off device 1 according to the invention. The cut-off device illustrated makes it possible to achieve an arc-breaking in the air. The cut-off device 1 comprises a contact zone 2 in which there is present at least one fixed contact 3 and at least one movable contact 4 relative to the fixed contact 3. The contacts 3 and 4 can be brought into contact and separated one by one. on the other hand, the movable contact 4 being configured in the illustrated example to rotate about an axis of rotation when the contacts are separated. The contact head 3 and the fixed support 15 form a fixed subassembly for connecting the cut-off device 1 in an electrical installation. The contact head 3 may be formed of a metallic material, for example copper. When the movable contact 4 is in contact with the contact head 3 a current can flow between these elements. When the movable contact 4 is separated from the contact head 3 a current can flow between these elements. The cut-off device illustrated is a double-cut rotary cutoff device (see FIG. 2). It is not beyond the scope of the invention when the cut-off device is of another type, for example of the simple type rotary cutters with knives or double cut-off with knives. The cut-off device 1 further comprises an arc horn 10 present opposite the contact head 3 on the fixed support 15. The arc horn 10 is fixed to the fixed support 15 by a mechanical connection. The horn 10 comprises a tab 14 and an arc switching portion 12. The arc horn is made of an electrically conductive material, the arc horn 10 being able to be formed, for example of a metallic material, for example steel. The tab 14 is in the illustrated example 30 in contact with the fixed support 15 but it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the horn 10 is not in contact with the fixed support 15 but is fixed to housing constituting the outer casing of the cut-off device. In the latter case, the distance separating the arc horn 10 from the fixed support 15 may, for example, be less than or equal to 1 35 mm. An electric arc generated from the moving contact 4 is intended to move over the arc switching portion 12 as will be detailed below. As illustrated, the height hc of the arc horn 10, corresponding to the height at which the end 13 of the arc switching portion 12 is present, is greater than the height ht of the contact head 3. The arc switching portion 12 is folded and extends in a direction opposite to the fixed contact 3 (ie extends away from the fixed contact 3). The switching portion 12 forms, as illustrated, a bend 12a. The height hc of the horn 10 and the height h 'at which the bend 12a is present are, in the example illustrated, greater than the height ht of the contact head 3. The heights hc, h' and ht are measured from the surface S of the fixed support 15 opposite which the arc horn 10 is present and perpendicular to this surface S. The cut-off device 1 is present in a case 35. In the illustrated example , the case corresponds to the meeting of two half-boxes (see Figures 2 and 3). The half-box forms with the other half-box (not shown), the outer casing of the cut-off device. This envelope allows the fixing of the cut-off device in the electrical installation. The arc horn 10 has a width equal to the internal width of the housing 35 to reduce, or even prevent, the lateral bypass of said arc horn 10 by the plasma gases. Figure 4 shows the arc horn and illustrates that it has a width sufficient to limit its lateral bypass by the gases. The width L of the arc horn 10 corresponds to its largest dimension measured perpendicular to its height. The cut-off device 1 further comprises, in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, a cut-off chamber 20 comprising a stack of fractionation plates 21. The electric arc splitting plates 21 are mounted on a plate support. 22 (see Figure 3). The assembly of the splitting plates 21 on the sheet support 22 makes it possible to form a rigid interrupting chamber 20. The fractionation sheets 21 are for example mild steel. The sheet support 22 may, for example, be made of vulcanized cardboard. The splitting plates may alternatively be directly mounted on the housing constituting the outer casing of the cut-off device. The interrupting chamber 20 illustrated comprises a plurality of stacking plates 21 stacked, for example at least three stacking sheets 21 stacked, for example at least five fractionation sheets 21 stacked. The splitting plates may for example have a V-shape or a U-shape when they are observed in a direction perpendicular to their elongation plane. As illustrated in Figure 1 in particular, an electric arc 30 is formed after opening contacts 3 and 4. The arc 30 is born at the location of the last electrical contact. This arc 30 is subjected to the Laplace force induced by the circulation of the current, this circulation is materialized by the curves 31. The arc 30 is in a current loop and the Laplace forces acting on this loop tend to open the loop. This effect is commonly called loop effect. The Laplace force applying to the arc 30 tends to push the arc 30 towards the bottom of the cut-off device 1. We will now describe the evolution of the arc 30 generated between the contacts 3 and 4. The contacts continue their opening movement. The arc 30 then moves to the end 3a of the contact head 3 and to the end 4a of the movable contact 4 (see Figure 5). The plasma from the cooled arc can follow a predetermined path shown by the arrows 32. Due to the implementation of an arc horn 10 of sufficient width, the gases travel a longer path and are therefore better cooled. before being evacuated outside the cut-off device. This may advantageously make it possible to minimize the potential ignitions outside the cut-off device. The majority of the volume of these plasma gases is diverted to an exhaust port 40 and flows in the volume defined by the switching portion 12 and the fractionation sheet closest to this portion. These gases allow the medium close to the arc horn to be in more optimal conditions of dielectric breakdown (the dielectric strength decreases when the temperature increases). The contacts continue their opening movement. The arc at the end of the contact head (configuration P1 shown schematically in FIG. 6) then switches on the switching portion 12 of the horn 10 (configuration P2) because its length is shorter after switching. Such switching may be explained by the fact that it is preferable for the electric arc to extend along a path as "impedant" as possible, corresponding here to a path having the shortest possible length. This switching results from a dielectric breakdown phenomenon. In addition, the arc in the configuration P1, is also subjected to the loop effect of the flow of current which tends to deform and give it a bent shape (see P 'configuration in dotted lines in Figure 6). This deformation makes it even easier to switch the arc on the arc horn. In the illustrated example where there is rotation of the movable contact 4 during the opening of the contacts, the arc moves radially when switching on the arc horn that is to say perpendicular to the axis rotation of the movable contact. After switching, the arc-foot arc-side sees Laplace force (arrow shown in Figure 6) due to the loop effect (current flow 31), which pushes it towards the bottom of the cut-off device . In doing so, the arc foot, because of its very high temperature, erodes the switching portion 12. Thus, the switching portion 12 constitutes a sacrificial portion of the cut-off device which will be consumed in place of the fixed contact 3 This makes it possible to extend the duration during which the contacts of the cut-off device can be used and thus to improve the service life of the cut-off device. The contacts always continue their opening movement. The arc enters the breaking chamber and splits. In doing so, it maintains a certain level of fixed voltage (cathodic and anodic voltage drop at the different arc feet) and cools (exchange between the arc and the splitting plates which increases the impedance). After complete opening of the contacts, the arc is totally split in the interrupting chamber (see FIGS. 7 and 8). This breaking principle can also be declined without splitting plates, which allows a simplification of the cut-off device 50, as shown in FIG. 9. The switching of the arc of the contact head 3 on the arc horn 10 is realized as with the breaking chamber. After switching, the arc no longer stabilizes in the interrupting chamber, but extends to the bottom of the cut-off device 50. This elongation results from the efforts of Laplace resulting from the loop effect. Elongation allows the arc to increase its impedance. The arc extends along the inner wall of the housing, which tends to cool the arc and also to increase its impedance. The arch foot is stabilized at the end of the switching portion 12, this area being a sacrificial zone as described above.
    [0004] The cut-off devices according to the invention can be used to cut a direct current ("DC") or alternating current ("AC"). The breaking devices according to the invention can be used in the field of low voltage (U_AC1000V and U_DC 1500V).
    [0005] The expression "comprising / containing / including a" should be understood as "containing / containing / including at least one". The expression "understood between ... and ..." or "from ... to" must be understood as including boundaries.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Arc-breaking device (1; 50) comprising: a contact area (2) in which at least one fixed contact (3) and at least one movable contact (4) are present relative to the fixed contact (3) , the contacts (3; 4) being able to be brought into contact and separated from one another, and - an arc horn (10) presenting opposite the fixed contact (3), the height hc of the horn of arc (10) being greater than or equal to the height ht of the fixed contact (3) and the arc horn (10) having a folded arc switching portion (12) extending in a direction opposite to the fixed contact (3).
    [0002]
    2. Device (1; 50) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is present in a housing, the arc horn (10) having a width L equal to the internal width of said housing.
    [0003]
    3. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises a cutting chamber (20) comprising a stack of splitting plates (21) of electric arc present next to the bow horn (10).
    [0004]
    4. Device (50) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is devoid of a stack of electric arc splitting plates.
    [0005]
    5. Device (1; 50) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material forming the arc switching portion (12) has a change of state temperature greater than the change temperature state of the material forming the fixed contact (3).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016062960A1|2016-04-28|
    US20170309426A1|2017-10-26|
    FR3027728B1|2017-12-08|
    US10319542B2|2019-06-11|
    EP3210225B1|2021-03-10|
    EP3210225A1|2017-08-30|
    ES2872524T3|2021-11-02|
    CN107004529A|2017-08-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    CN105762042B|2016-05-17|2018-01-09|浙江人民电器有限公司|A kind of dc circuit breaker|
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    法律状态:
    2015-08-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-04-29| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160429 |
    2016-08-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-07-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-08-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-09-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-08-03| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-09-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1460150A|FR3027728B1|2014-10-22|2014-10-22|ELECTRIC ARC BREAKER DEVICE|FR1460150A| FR3027728B1|2014-10-22|2014-10-22|ELECTRIC ARC BREAKER DEVICE|
    US15/521,368| US10319542B2|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc-control device|
    ES15791327T| ES2872524T3|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc cutting device|
    EP15791327.8A| EP3210225B1|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc-control device|
    CN201580057339.8A| CN107004529A|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc control device|
    PCT/FR2015/052807| WO2016062960A1|2014-10-22|2015-10-20|Electric arc-control device|
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