• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a coil (10) for welding magnetic pulse parts comprising an active part (125) whose so-called active surface (121) is intended to be arranged facing one of the parts, at the level of an overlapping region of the pieces with each other of width Lwz, said part, at the overlap zone, defining / extending in a plane (XY), said active surface having a width Lb at least equal to the width Lwz. The active surface (121) has, on its width Lb, an inclined profile so that said active surface is intended to have a non-zero angle with respect to the plane (XY) when the parts are in position at the coil for the welding. The invention also relates to a method of magnetic pulse welding associated.
    公开号:FR3026038A1
    申请号:FR1458963
    申请日:2014-09-23
    公开日:2016-03-25
    发明作者:Gilles Avrillaud；Lelandais Jean-Paul Cuq；Samuel Ferreira
    申请人:Adm28 SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of welding, and more particularly to the field of magnetic pulse welding, for the assembly of parts together permanently. The present invention relates in particular to an improved coil embodiment for welding flat parts. STATE OF THE ART Magnetic pulse welding belongs to the field of impact welding processes that make it possible to form a connection between two metal parts by pressing against each other at a covering zone. The principle of such a magnetic pulse welding process is mainly based on the high speed impact of the parts by electromagnetic forces generated by a coil. Conventionally, a system for implementing such a magnetic pulse welding process comprises one or more capacitors connected to a coil to create a short and intense magnetic field. The capacitor (s) serve (s) storage of a large amount of electrical energy. The intense magnetic field created is the result of a very fast discharge of this electrical energy into the coil.
    [0002] To achieve the welding of two parts together with such a method, said two parts are previously superimposed relative to each other, at least on a so-called overlap area. The coil is positioned at this overlap area. The part denominated internal part is that which is positioned close to the coil, without being in contact therewith, and the part denominated external part is the one which is furthest away from the coil. A very large amount of electrical energy, previously stored in the capacitor or capacitors, is suddenly discharged into the coil, in the form of a variable current of very high intensity, in a very short time. For example, some systems can reach hundreds of thousands of amps in microseconds. The current generates a variable magnetic field between the coil and the inner part and induces eddy currents in this internal part. These eddy currents associated with the surrounding magnetic field develop in the inner part important volume forces called Lorentz forces. These forces cause a strong acceleration of the inner part towards the outer part. The collision speed of the inner part on the outer part can be several hundred m / s. When certain impact conditions, such as the collision angle and the collision speed, are met, this impact generates, on the one hand, a jet of material that will clean the surface of the two parts, and on the other hand a pressure that will bring the atoms of the materials of the two parts together against each other so that their natural repulsion forces are overcome, thus resulting in a metal bond without fusion. The wall of the inner part is then not only metallurgically bonded to the wall of the outer part but has also undergone a remanent deformation.
    [0003] Such a magnetic pulse welding process is commonly used for the assembly of tubular parts, via a so-called annular coil. This method is also used to flat weld sheets on a continuous area or by point. An advantage of such a magnetic pulse welding process lies in the fact that the assembly of the two parts is carried out in the solid state, which makes it possible to fulfill all the known problems of conventional welding involving the fusion of materials. The energy losses are minimal and therefore the parts to be welded heat little. The absence of fusion in the parts during the welding thus makes it possible to assemble materials having a different melting point. The magnetic pulse welding process, however, has the disadvantage of requiring high intensities to weld the parts together. The use of such intensities generates in the coil, temperatures and significant constraints, which can lead to irreparable damage to the coil, such as cracks or melting of the coil.
    [0004] Another disadvantage of this process is also the quality of the weld performed. Contact between the two parts is not a guarantee of welding. In order for the welding to take place, several parameters must be taken into account, in particular the collision angle and the collision speed. These two parameters are related to the initial relative arrangement of the coil and the two parts to be welded, the materials of the parts and the current signal used. As a reminder, the collision speed is the speed of radial collision between the two parts. The speed of the collision point, which is tangential to the pieces, is also defined. The collision speed and the speed of the collision point are linked by the collision angle. These collision speeds and collision point velocities change during impact. The speed of the collision point can be several thousand m / s. The collision angle is defined as the angle between the walls of the two parts during the collision. The collision angle is dynamic, that is to say that it evolves during the collision, in particular because the inner part deforms non-uniformly. Each pair of materials is defined by a welding window, ie a set of parameters (collision angle, speed of the collision point), allowing the realization of a weld of good quality. Changing one of the parameters can affect the quality of the weld. Among other things, the collision angle evolving during the collision makes it difficult to stay in the welding window. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages. The present invention is intended to provide an effective solution for welding so-called flat parts, while ensuring the mechanical strength of the article obtained by such a weld and ensuring a healthy weld.
    [0005] The invention thus relates to a coil for welding parts by magnetic pulse comprising an active part whose a so-called active surface is intended to be opposite one of the parts, at a region of overlap parts between them. The pieces have at least one flat or substantially flat surface. By flat parts is meant that the parts have at least one surface of flat shape, or substantially flat, over all or part of their length, at least at their overlap area. By active part is meant a zone of the coil where a current is concentrated and circulated, delivered by an electrical energy storage unit, to create a magnetic field at the coil. A thickness of the active zone corresponds substantially to the thickness of the skin. At high frequency, the current flows over a reduced thickness corresponding to the skin thickness. The frequency used in the magnetic pulse welding is a few tens of kHz, which corresponds for example to a skin thickness of a few millimeters for a coil made of a steel material. The flat parts are intended to be arranged one on the other, forming, at their superposition, the overlap area, then to be positioned vis-à-vis the active surface of the coil, for there be welded at a working area by the magnetic field generated by the coil.
    [0006] One of the parts, for example the part closest to the active surface of the coil, extends, at least at the level of the working zone, according to a given XY plane. The working area is the part of the overlap area opposite the active surface. Said working area has a working length Lw, corresponding to a maximum welding length between the inner part and the outer part. The active surface has a given width Lb. The width Lb of the active surface is dimensioned so as to allow the realization of a weld of predefined length between said parts. This predefined length is the welding length. Preferably, the width of the active surface is at least equal to the welding length.
    [0007] According to the invention, the active surface of the coil has, on its width Lb, an inclined profile so that said active surface is intended to have a non-zero angle with respect to the plane, defined by the piece closest to the surface. active coil, when the parts are arranged at the coil and locked in position by fastening means for welding. Such a coil form advantageously makes it possible to vary the difference between the active surface of the coil and the part closest to the active surface of the coil, called the internal part, which influences the fundamental parameters that are the speed of the point collision and the collision angle. Such an active surface profile makes it possible, when the inner part is positioned so that its free end is closest to the active surface, to maintain a substantially constant collision angle, which makes it possible to maintain itself longer in the window of welding of the material pair of the parts to be welded. The welding length between the two parts is increased, thus improving the mechanical strength of the assembly. Another advantage of the coil according to the invention lies in the fact that the maximum stress, in terms of temperature and plastic deformation, experienced by the coil, and generated by the passage of very high current in the coil, are reduced . A change in the profile of the active surface of the coil causes a change in the current distribution in the active area. Indeed, one of the parameters involved is the distance between the active surface of the coil and the inner part. The current density in the active portion decreases with increasing the gap between the active surface of the coil and the inner part. Since the current density is in fact inversely proportional to this distance, the profile of the active surface of the coil according to the invention thus makes it possible to increase the distance with the zone of the coil where the current density was the highest. In this zone, the constraints are reduced. The life of the coil is significantly increased.
    [0008] According to preferred embodiments, the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations. According to preferred embodiments, the active surface has, on its width Lb, an inclined profile over the entire width Lb. According to preferred embodiments, the active surface has, on its width Lb, two flat profile portions interconnected by an inclined profile portion. According to preferred embodiments, in order to reduce the plastic deformations in the coil during the welding of the parts, the active part comprises, on either side of the active surface, a chamfered and / or radiated part. According to preferred embodiments, the coil comprises a magnetic field concentrator comprising the active part. The magnetic field concentrator is positioned between the inner part and an outer surface of the coil. The active part is then created in said magnetic field concentrator. The magnetic field concentrator is advantageously an interchangeable part, and makes it possible to keep the same coil for several applications (change in size of the parts, etc.). The invention also relates to a magnetic pulse welding process of two parts. The method comprises the steps of: arranging the parts relative to one another by forming a working zone, facing the active surface of a coil according to one of its modes of realization, so that a free end of the inner part is closest to the active surface, - subject the working area to a magnetic field so that a pressure exerted on a so-called outer wall, of the one of the parts and presses it tightly against a so-called outer wall of the other part, causing them to permanently bond; this step is called the welding step.
    [0009] The two pieces, flat, are positioned one on the other forming the area of recovery. The two parts are arranged opposite the coil so that the working zone located in the overlap zone is placed opposite the active surface. The pressure is exerted on the outer wall of the part closest to the active surface, or inner part, which is pressed against the outer wall of the part farthest from the active surface, or outer part. During the welding step, the working zone is subjected to a magnetic field coming from the active part of the coil so that pressure is exerted on the outer wall of the part closest to the coil, and the opposite outer wall of this part is applied tightly against the outer wall of the other part, causing their permanent connection. Thus, when the working area is subjected to the magnetic field generated by the coil providing the pressure welding, the two parts are closely applied against each other by speeding and deformation of the nearest piece of the reel towards the other piece. Such a method makes it possible to maintain, during the welding step, a substantially constant collision angle between the two parts, which makes it possible to remain in the welding window of the couple of material constituting the parts to be welded. Thus, the weld made is improved and its length is increased. Such a method also makes it possible to improve the resistance of the coil to thermal stresses and plastic deformations during the welding step. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be better understood on reading the following description given with reference to the accompanying drawings: FIG. 1 schematically represents a perspective view of a flat coil for magnetic pulse welding, according to a first example Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the coil of Figure 1 along the line AA, illustrating the profile of the active surface of said coil, FIG. 3 schematically shows a plan view of a flat coil for magnetic pulse welding, according to a second embodiment, FIG. 4 illustrates a comparison between the welding distances obtained by a coil of the prior art and a coil according to a embodiment of the invention for the same pair of material in the associated welding window.
    [0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a coil 10 for the magnetic pulse welding of the two parts 20, 30, according to a first embodiment. The two parts 20, 30 are made of a metallic material. Such a coil 10 is an integral part of a magnetic pulse welding device which further comprises a storage unit 50 and one or more switches 51. The storage unit 50 is configured for and intended to store a high energy, by example of the order of a few tens of kilojoules (kJ).
    [0011] In a preferred embodiment, the storage unit is a discharge capacitor bank. The coil is itself configured for and intended to create a concentrated magnetic field in a delimited space, described later. The two parts, said inner part 20 and outer part 30, are intended to be arranged one on the other, forming, at their superposition, a so-called overlap area 25, then to be welded to the level of any or part of said overlap zone by the coil 10. The two parts 20,30 are positioned one on the other substantially parallel, at least at a covering area.
    [0012] Preferably, the overlap area 25 is located at one end of at least one part, for example an end of the inner part 20. In an embodiment not shown, when the outer part 20 is made in a material having a very low electrical conductivity, such as for example a part made of steel, an intermediate piece, called pusher, is positioned against an outer wall of the outer part. This intermediate piece has good electrical conductivity.
    [0013] In the embodiment described, the coil 10, generally called flat coil, comprises a body 11 in the form of a coated E. The body has a central branch 12 and two lateral branches 14, 15, on either side of the central branch, each separated from said central branch by a slot.
    [0014] The body 11 has a first face, said upper face 111, and a second face, said lower face 112, opposite to said first side face. The body 11 is made of a material having specific characteristics in terms, on the one hand, of mechanical resistance to plastic deformation and, on the other hand, of high electrical conductivity in order to circulate a current of very high intensity thereon. order of a few hundred thousand amperes. In a preferred embodiment, the body material is steel, preferably a high strength steel.
    [0015] The lateral branches 14, 15 preferably comprise through orifices (not shown) for the passage of fastening means (not shown) configured to fix the coil to a base (not shown) connected to the energy storage unit 50 and to the switch (es) 51. When the switch (s) 51 closes, the lateral branches 14, 15 and the central branch 12 of the coil 10 are connected to the storage unit 50 , and a high intensity current flows in the coil 10 producing a magnetic field.
    [0016] The coil is designed so that the current density in an area of the coil is sufficient to satisfy the welding conditions. This zone is called active part 125. It is for example described in document WO 2012/103873.
    [0017] In the case of a flat coil as described in this embodiment, the current flows through the coil, penetrating into the central branch 12 and emerging in the two lateral branches 14, 15, as illustrated by the arrows. in FIG. 1. This current is concentrated, in the active part 125, situated in the central branch 12, on a layer delimited by an active surface 121, at the level of the first face 111, and of thickness corresponding to the thickness of skin. In the non-limiting example of a coil made of steel, the skin thickness is of the order of a few millimeters for a frequency of a few tens of kHz. The current generates, in a space delimited between the overlap zone 25 and the active surface 121, called the operational zone, a concentrated magnetic field. The two parts 20, 30 are advantageously positioned at the level of the coil so that all or part of the overlap zone 25 faces the active surface 121. The inner part 20 is the nearest piece of the active part 125, that vis-à-vis the active surface 121. The overlap area 25 vis-à-vis the active surface 121 is called working area. Said work zone has a predefined length, called the working length Lw ,. This working length Lw corresponds to a maximum welding length between the inner part and the outer part.
    [0018] In practice, the welding length is substantially less than this working length. The part extends in an XY plane of a XYZ trihedron, substantially parallel to the upper face of the coil. The active surface 121 of the coil has a width Lb dimensioned so as to be at least equal to the working length Lw, the overlap zone 25. The active surface 121 has, on its width Lb, a profile inclined, that is to say that the active surface is not parallel to the XY plane of the inner part 20 at the working area. In other words, the operational zone has a section which decreases progressively along the width Lb. In one embodiment, the operational area has a decreasing monotonous cross section along the width Lb in a direction from a first edge 128 to a second edge 129 of the central branch 12. In a preferred embodiment, the active surface 121 has, on its width Lb - a first portion 122, of width Li, plane profile, that is to say that the active surface is parallel to the XY plane of the inner part 20, a second portion 123, of width L2, with an inclined profile, that is to say that the active surface is not parallel to the XY plane of the inner part 20, at the level of the overlap zone 25; a third portion 124, of width L3, plane profile, that is to say that the active surface is parallel to the XY plane of the inner part 20. In other words, the operational area has, on the width Lb , A section formed by a succession of three sections, in a direction pa from the first edge 128 to the second edge 129 of the central branch 12: - a first section, of width Li, having a constant cross section Si, - a second section, of width L2, having a decreasing monotonic cross section, - a third section, of width L3, having a constant cross section S3. In other words, the operational zone has a cross section Si in the first section smaller than a cross section S3 in the third section. The second section is defined by a slope of angle p.
    [0019] The cross section S1 of the first section being the closest section of the part, the level of the intensity of the current flowing in the coil will be higher in said first section. Indeed, the magnetic field lines are narrower and the magnetic pressure is higher.
    [0020] Thus the part of the inner part 20 located in this first section will have a stronger acceleration during the welding process described later. Conversely, the cross section S3 of the third section being the largest section, the current density flowing in the coil will be lower in the first section, which will reduce the magnetic pressure in said first section. In addition, the coil is less mechanically and thermally stressed in this first section. Such an active surface profile advantageously makes it possible to use a storage unit delivering a lower energy to the coil, which improves the thermal and structural resistance of said coil. Such a storage unit delivering a lower energy also has a financial interest. Such an active surface profile also makes it possible to limit the stresses of the coil at the level of the first portion, which makes it possible to increase the life of the coil. Such an active surface profile also advantageously makes it possible to modify the space between the coil 10 and the inner part 20, which has an impact on the fundamental parameters that are the speed of the collision point and the collision angle. Such a profile allows, when the inner part 20 is positioned so that its free end is located at the first section, in the cross section of the smallest working area, to maintain the fundamental parameters in the weldability window of the material constituting the outer piece longer. The quality and efficiency of the weld between the inner part 20 and the outer part 30 are thus improved. In a preferred embodiment, the width L1 of the first section is smaller than the width L3 of the third section. In a preferred embodiment, the width L1 is equivalent to 10% of the width Lb of the active surface 121, the width L3 is equivalent to 30% of the width Lb of the active surface 121 and the slope of the second section has an angle 15 °. A reduced width L1 and a pronounced slope of angle l postpones the stresses on the third section.
    [0021] In another embodiment, when a pusher is used, the width L1 of the first section is equivalent to the width L3 of the third section. In a preferred example of such an embodiment, for a coil made of steel, the width L3 and the width L1 are equivalent to 20% of the width Lb of the active surface 121 and the slope of the second section has an angle of 10 °. In a non-illustrated embodiment, to reduce even more significantly the plastic deformations of the coil during welding, and therefore reduce the stresses of the coil at the active surface 121, the active portion 125 comprises, from other first 128 and second 129 edges of the central branch 12, a chamfered portion. In another embodiment, to suppress peak effects and / or pinching of magnetic field lines, the central branch has, on either side of the first 128 and second 129 edges, a rounded peripheral periphery. Thus, the current density is better distributed, which avoids a concentration of constraints and also a peak temperature. An exemplary welding method from such a coil is now described.
    [0022] To weld two pieces together by magnetic pulse, the method comprises a first step of positioning, in the coil, the two parts to be welded at the level. The two pieces are positioned one on the other forming the overlap area, where the weld is desired.
    [0023] The two pieces are arranged at the level of the spool 10 so that the working area is placed opposite the active surface 121.
    [0024] The two flat parts are maintained, close to the active surface, substantially parallel to each other, at least at the level of the overlap zone, according to the plane XY defined by the inner part 20 by fastening means (not shown in FIG. the figures).
    [0025] In a preferred example of implementation, the inner part 20 is positioned so that its end is placed in the cross section of the weakest working area, that is to say at the first section. The method then comprises a magnetic pulse welding step.
    [0026] The working zone is subjected to a magnetic field coming from the active part of the coil so that a pressure is exerted on an outer wall of the inner part, or on an outer wall of the pusher when said pusher is necessary, and It is tightly pressed against an outer wall of the inner part, causing them to permanently bond.
    [0027] Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of a flat coil. The coil comprises a body 11 in the form of a lying down U. The body has two lateral branches 12, 14 separated by a central slot. When the switch (s) 51 closes (s), the lateral branches 12, 14 of the coil 10 are connected to the storage unit 50, and a high intensity current flows in the coil 10, penetrating in the lateral branch 12 and emerging in the side branch 14, as illustrated by the arrows in Figure 3, and producing a magnetic field. The current is concentrated in the active portion 125, located in the branch 12, on a layer defined by the active surface 121, and of thickness corresponding to the skin thickness. The two parts 20, 30 are advantageously positioned at the level of the coil so that the overlap zone 25 faces the active surface 121.
    [0028] The present invention is not limited to a flat coil in the shape of a coated E or coated U. The coil may, to conform to the shape of the parts to be welded, have different shapes. For example, for flat parts that it is desired to weld by an S-shaped weld, the coil has an S-shaped active surface, which will be positioned opposite the overlap area of the parts to be welded. welded. FIG. 4 illustrates the welding distances obtained by a coil of the prior art and a coil according to one embodiment of the invention, for the same pair of given material. The coil of the state of the art and the coil according to one embodiment of the invention have the following identical characteristics: the active surface has a width Lb of 6 mm, the material is made of steel, the distance between the two parts to be welded is 1.7 mm, - the frequency is a few tens of kHz. The working length Lw is identical to the width Lb of the active surface, ie 6 mm. The active surface of the state-of-the-art coil is flat. The active surface of the coil according to one embodiment of the invention has: a first portion, of length L1 equal to 10% of the width Lb of the active surface of the coil; O a third portion, of length L3 equal to 40% of the width Lb of the active surface of the coil; O a second section, with an inclination angle of 10 °. For a given pair of materials for the two parts to be welded, whatever the shape of the active part of the coil, the welding window is determined. This welding window is defined by the subsonic curve (curve S), hydrodynamic curve (curve H), fusion (curve F) and transition (curve T). A maximum collision angle limit at 22 ° is also indicated (curve A) in FIG. 4. Further explanation of the welding window can be found in the document "Explosive welding of aluminum to aluminum: analysis, computations and experiments ", Grigno et al., International Journal of Impact Engineering 30 (2004) p.1333-1351.
    [0029] In this welding window, the curve E represents the evolution of the torque (collision angle, collision point speed) for a state-of-the-art coil. The bold part Eg of curve E indicates the welded distance (almost four triangles representing 4 mm of welding). Over this welded distance, the collision angle varies enormously, between 15 and 20 °, which can affect the quality of the weld. Curve B represents the evolution of the torque (collision angle, collision point speed) for a coil according to the embodiment of the chosen invention. Such a coil makes it possible to weld an area over a distance of 6 mm (6 squares). In addition, it is found that over a majority of this distance, the collision angle is maintained approximately constant between 16 ° and 18 °. The above description clearly illustrates that by its different characteristics and their advantages, the present invention achieves the objectives set. In particular, it provides a coil and an associated magnetic pulse welding process suitable for welding parts of low thermal conductivity material. It advantageously has a profile at the active part such that the thermal and mechanical stresses applied to the coil during welding are significantly reduced, improving the life of the coil. Such a coil shape also has an improvement in the welding between the parts to be welded.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Coil (10) for magnetic pulse coin welding having an active portion (125) having a so-called active surface (121) to be disposed facing one of the work pieces at a work zone a zone of overlap (25) of the parts between them of width Lz, said part, at the level of the working zone, defining / extending in a plane (XY), said active surface having a width Lb at least equal to the width Lwz, characterized in that the active surface (121) has, on its width Lb, an inclined profile so that said active surface is intended to have a non-zero angle relative to the plane (XY) when the parts are in position at the coil for welding.
    [0002]
    2. Coil according to claim 1 wherein the active surface (121) has, on its width (Lb), two portions (122, 124) planar profile interconnected by a portion (123) inclined profile.
    [0003]
    3. Coil according to one of the preceding claims wherein the active portion (125) comprises, on either side of the active surface (121), a chamfered portion and / or radiated.
    [0004]
    4. Coil according to one of the preceding claims comprising a magnetic field concentrator comprising the active part.
    [0005]
    5. A method of magnetic pulse welding of two parts, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: arranging the parts relative to each other forming a so-called working area, vis-à-vis the active surface (121) of a coil according to one of claims 1 to 4, so that a free end of the workpiece closest to the active surface is closest to the active surface, subject the area working at a magnetic field so that a pressure is exerted on a wall of one of the parts and comes close tightly against a wall of the other room by causing their connection permanently.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2017532206A|2017-11-02|
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    US20170291252A1|2017-10-12|
    EP3197627A1|2017-08-02|
    CN107000113A|2017-08-01|
    WO2016046248A1|2016-03-31|
    FR3026038B1|2017-03-10|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1458963A|FR3026038B1|2014-09-23|2014-09-23|COIL FOR WELDING MAGNETIC IMPULSE FLAT PIECES AND METHOD OF WELDING THE SAME|FR1458963A| FR3026038B1|2014-09-23|2014-09-23|COIL FOR WELDING MAGNETIC IMPULSE FLAT PIECES AND METHOD OF WELDING THE SAME|
    US15/512,571| US20170291252A1|2014-09-23|2015-09-23|Coil for magnetic-pulse welding of flat parts and related welding method|
    EP15766857.5A| EP3197627A1|2014-09-23|2015-09-23|Coil for magnetic-pulse welding of flat parts and related welding method|
    PCT/EP2015/071819| WO2016046248A1|2014-09-23|2015-09-23|Coil for magnetic-pulse welding of flat parts and related welding method|
    CN201580063325.7A| CN107000113A|2014-09-23|2015-09-23|Coil and associated welds method for the magnetic pulse welding of flat part|
    JP2017516774A| JP6703528B2|2014-09-23|2015-09-23|Coil for magnetic pulse welding flat parts and related welding method|
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