• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A sealed and insulating tank in which the secondary insulating barrier, the secondary sealing membrane and the primary insulating barrier essentially consist of a set of prefabricated panels (54) juxtaposed on the supporting structure. Sealing strips (65) are straddling the edge areas (59) adjacent to the prefabricated panel waterproof coatings (54) to complete the secondary sealing membrane between the prefabricated panels. Insulating pavers (66) disposed on the sealing strips comprise a thermal insulation layer (67) covered with a rigid plate (68) and a reinforcing ply (1) having a tensile stiffness greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips (65) and adhered to the thermal insulation layer on one side of the thermal insulation layer (67) opposite to the rigid plate (68), the insulating pad being fixed each time on prefabricated panels by bonding the reinforcing ply (1) to the underlying sealing strip (65).
    公开号:FR3022971A1
    申请号:FR1455937
    申请日:2014-06-25
    公开日:2016-01-01
    发明作者:Mohamed Sassi；Mathieu Wong
    申请人:Gaztransport et Technigaz SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of sealed and insulating vessels which may contain cold fluids, in particular tanks for the storage or transport of liquefied gases, in particular liquefied natural gas at atmospheric pressure. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known, in particular from FR-A-2781557, a sealed and insulating tank having a vessel wall fixed to a supporting structure, in which the wall of the vessel has a multilayer structure which successively comprises a membrane of primary sealing intended to be in contact with a product contained in the tank, a primary insulating barrier, a secondary sealing membrane and a secondary insulating barrier. The secondary insulating barrier, the secondary sealing membrane and the primary insulating barrier consist essentially of a set of prefabricated panels fixed on the supporting structure, each prefabricated panel successively comprising a rigid bottom plate, a first layer of thermal insulation carried by the bottom plate and constituting with the bottom plate a member of the secondary insulating barrier, a waterproof coating which completely covers the first layer of thermal insulation by being adhered to the first layer of thermal insulation and which forms a element of the secondary waterproofing membrane, a second layer of thermal insulation which covers a central zone of the first layer and the waterproof coating, and a rigid cover plate covering the second layer of thermal insulation and constituting 25 with the second thermal insulation layer an element of the prima insulating barrier ire. The bottom plate, the first thermal insulation layer and the prefabricated panel waterproof liner have a first rectangular outline while the second thermal insulator layer and the cover plate have a second rectangular outline of smaller dimensions than the first rectangular outline, so that the second thermal insulating layer and the cover plate do not cover an edge region of the waterproof coating along the four edges of the first rectangular contour. The prefabricated panels are juxtaposed on the supporting structure parallel to each other, so that the edge area of the waterproof coating of a first of the prefabricated panels is each time close to the edge zone of the waterproof coating of a second prefabricated panels. The wall of the tank further comprises sealing strips made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers, the sealing strips being arranged astride the edge areas adjacent to the waterproofing of the prefabricated panels and sealed to the waterproofing of the prefabricated panels to complete the secondary waterproofing membrane between the prefabricated panels. The wall of the vessel further comprises insulating pavers arranged on the sealing strips, an insulating pad being placed each time between the second thermal insulation layers of two adjacent prefabricated panels, so as to complete the primary insulating barrier. between the two prefabricated panels, the insulating pad having a layer of thermal insulation covered with a rigid plate, so that the rigid plates of the insulating blocks and the cover plates of the prefabricated panels constitute a substantially continuous wall capable of supporting the primary waterproofing membrane. In the tanks of the aforementioned type, deformations of all the elements occur due to the temperature changes affecting the tank wall during its filling with a very cold liquid such as LNG and, conversely, during its emptying. causing a return to ambient temperature. In addition to these thermal effects of contraction and expansion, which are repeated over time during the life of the vessel, the vessels of vessels also undergo stresses due to the deformation of the hull of the ship to the sea. This results in fatigue phenomena of the elements, which should be monitored over time to prevent any breakage.
    [0002] An idea underlying the invention is to enhance the fatigue resistance of the secondary sealing membrane of a tank of the aforementioned type, in particular at the level of the sealing strips arranged straddling the edge zones of the prefabricated panels. Indeed, because of the flexural flexibility of the material used, that is to say the capacity of the material to be folded to form waves without breaking, the sealing strips are particularly subject to deformation during the life of the tank. For this, the invention provides a tank of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the insulating pad comprises a reinforcing ply made of a composite material comprising a layer of fibers bonded by a polymer resin, the reinforcing ply having a stiffness in traction greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips, the reinforcing ply being bonded to the thermal insulation layer on one side of the thermal insulating layer opposite to the rigid plate, the insulating pad being at each once fixed on the prefabricated panels by gluing the reinforcing ply onto the underlying sealing strip. With these features, it is possible to increase the fatigue resistance of the secondary membrane, while maintaining a flexible web sealing strip at the interface between the panels, which has advantages for the reliability and durability of the secondary membrane. sealing the bonding of the sealing strip on the waterproof coatings of the prefabricated panels and, where appropriate, for the mobility of the secondary membrane in response to displacements of thermal origin. In fact, the reinforcing ply consists of a composite material having a tensile stiffness greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips, and the fact that the reinforcement ply comprises a layer of fibers impregnated with a polymer resin, it makes it possible to effectively take up the tensioning forces which are established substantially parallel to the tank wall by thermal contraction and / or deformation of the carrier structure at sea. In addition, the choice of a fiber composite material limits the thermal stresses generated by the reinforcing ply. According to embodiments, such a tank may comprise one or more of the following characteristics.
    [0003] Another desirable physical property for the reinforcing strip is the relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion, which can be achieved by the choice of fibers, for example glass fibers, carbon fibers, polyester fibers and the like. Another desirable physical property for the reinforcing strip is the good stickiness, which can be obtained in particular by the choice of the resin, which may for example be chosen from the group consisting of polyamides, polyether terephthalate, polyesters, polyurethanes, epoxides and their mixtures. On the other hand, polyethylene and polypropylene resins are more difficult to stick reliably without any specific binding treatment. Preferably, the material of the reinforcing ply has a coefficient of thermal expansion a and a tensile Young modulus E, measured at 23 ° C., such that their product satisfies: 7 × 10 4 Pa. <106 Pa. K-1 By way of example, flexible flexural composite materials such as triplex® (E.a.-88000) are suitable for the reinforcement ply. For a value higher than about 106 Pa. K-1, for example in the case of a metal sheet, the thermal stress in the material during the cold setting would be too high. For a value lower than about 7.104 Pa. K-1, for example in the case of a plywood (E. a-48000), rigidity would not be sufficient to effectively reinforce the sheet sealing strip. flexible. The flexible composite laminate material of the sealing strip can be made in different ways as to the composition, number and arrangement of the layers, especially with one or more metal layers and one or more layers of fibers. According to one embodiment, the sealing strip is made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising a metal sheet sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers. For example, the metal foil is aluminum. According to one embodiment, the reinforcing ply is made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers, for example of the same flexible composite laminate material as the sealing strip. The use of the same flexible composite laminate material for the sealing strips and the reinforcing ply facilitates the supply and quality control of the materials. According to one embodiment, the waterproof coating of the prefabricated panels consists of a composite rigid flexural material comprising a metal sheet sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers, the two layers of glass fibers being impregnated with a fiberglass. rigid polymer resin. For example, the metal foil is aluminum. According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing ply is made of a stiffer material in tension than the sealing strips. For this purpose, it is possible to use a flexural rigid composite material comprising a fiber layer impregnated with a rigid polymer resin. The use of a stiffer material in traction than the flexible waterproof web of the sealing strips makes it possible to effectively take up more tensioning forces which are established substantially parallel to the tank wall by thermal contraction and / or deformation of According to one embodiment, the same rigid composite laminate material can be used for the waterproofing coating and the reinforcing ply, which facilitates the supply and quality control of the materials.
    [0004] According to one embodiment, the vessel wall comprises a gap located between the first layers of thermal insulation of two adjacent prefabricated panels and a strip of stuffing material disposed in the gap, the sealing strip which completes the membrane of secondary sealing between the prefabricated panels has a central portion crossing the gap above the web of stuffing material, the central portion of the sealing strip not being adhered to the web of stuffing material, and the The reinforcing ply has a central portion overlying the central portion of the sealing strip and not adhered to the central portion of the sealing strip. Thanks to these characteristics, the central portion of the sealing strip has a greater flexibility and greater mobility to absorb displacements caused by the thermal contraction and / or the deformation of the ship at sea. According to embodiments, a central pad of non-adhesive material may be fixed on the flexible sealing mat or on the reinforcing ply. The fixing of the pad can be made in different ways, in particular by double-sided adhesive or with a sticky tape. Such a pad may be of different materials, for example flexible foam elastomer type, polyurethane, polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene) or melamine. According to a corresponding embodiment, the insulating pad further comprises a central pad of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the reinforcement ply opposite the thermal insulation layer of the insulating pad, the insulating pad being placed on the sealing strip so that the central pad overlies the central portion of the sealing strip. According to another corresponding embodiment, the sealing strip further comprises a central pad of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the sealing strip facing the insulating pad, the insulating pad being arranged on the strip of sealing so that the central portion of the reinforcing ply covers the central pad without being glued to the central pad. Different materials may be suitable for the thermal insulation layers of prefabricated panels and pavers. Polyurethane foams are particularly suitable materials because of their low temperature resistance and low thermal conductivity. Preferably, the polyurethane foam is reinforced with embedded fibers, for example glass fibers. According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation consists of a polyurethane foam having a density greater than 130 kg / m 3, for example between 130 and 210 kg / m 3. Thanks to these characteristics, it is possible to increase the rigidity and the durability of the insulating barriers. Such a tank may be part of a terrestrial storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU ), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others. According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a said tank disposed in the double hull. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a storage facility. Float or land and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a sealed and insulating tank, the method comprising: providing a set of prefabricated panels, each prefabricated panel successively comprising a rigid bottom plate, a first layer 20 of thermal insulation carried by the bottom plate and forming with the bottom plate an element of the secondary insulating barrier, a waterproof coating which completely covers the first layer of thermal insulation being bonded to the first layer of thermal insulation and which forms an element of the secondary waterproofing membrane, a second layer of thermal insulation covering a central area of the first layer and the watertight coating, and a rigid cover plate covering the second layer of thermal insulation and forming with the second layer of thermal insulation an element of the primary insulating barrier, the bottom plate, the pr first layer of thermal insulation and the waterproof coating of the prefabricated panel having a first rectangular outline while the second layer of thermal insulation and the cover plate have a second rectangular outline of smaller dimensions than the first rectangular outline, so the second thermal insulation layer and the cover plate do not cover an edge area of the waterproof coating along the four edges of the first rectangular contour, juxtapose and fix the prefabricated panels parallel to each other on the supporting structure, so that the edge area of the waterproof coating of a first of the prefabricated panels is each time close to the edge zone 5 of the waterproof coating of a second of the prefabricated panels, have sealing strips straddling the zones of bordering waterproof coatings of prefabricated panels, strips of sealing being made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers and sealingly bonding the sealing strips to the precoated panel waterproofing coatings to complete the secondary sealing membrane between the prefabricated panels, providing insulating pavers, the insulating pad comprising a thermal insulating layer, a rigid plate fixed on an upper face of the thermal insulating layer and a reinforcing ply made of a composite material comprising a layer of fibers bound by a polymer resin, the reinforcing ply having a tensile stiffness greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips, the reinforcing ply being bonded to a lower face of the thermal insulation layer opposite to the rigid plate, 20 arrange the insulating pavers on the sealing strips, an insulating pad being each placed between the second thermal insulation layers of two adjacent prefabricated panels, so as to complete the primary insulating barrier between the two prefabricated panels and to form a substantially continuous support wall with the rigid plates of the paving stones insulation and prefabricated panel cover plates, attaching the insulating pavers to the prefabricated panels by bonding the reinforcing ply of the insulating pad to the underlying sealing strip, and attaching a primary waterproofing membrane to the wall substantially continuous support. In some embodiments, this method may include one or more of the following features. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: arranging a strip of stuffing material in a gap located between the first layers of thermal insulation of two neighboring prefabricated panels, arranging the sealing strip which completes the waterproofing membrane secondary between the prefabricated panels without sticking to the web of stuffing material a central portion of the sealing strip which crosses the gap above the web of stuffing material, and fixing the insulating pad comprising the reinforcement ply without glue a central portion of the reinforcing ply to the sealing strip. According to one embodiment, the insulating pad further comprises a central pad of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the reinforcement ply opposite to the thermal insulating layer of the insulating pad, the method further comprising the step to glue the reinforcing ply of the insulating pad on either side of the central pad without gluing the central pad, and to arrange the insulating pad on the sealing strip so that the central pad covers the central portion of the strip sealing without adhering. According to another embodiment, the sealing strip further comprises a central pad of non-adhesive material projecting from a surface of the sealing strip facing the insulating pad, the method further comprising the step of 'glue the sealing strip on either side of the central pad without gluing the central pad, and arrange the insulating pad on the sealing strip so that the central portion of the reinforcing ply covers the central pad without being glued to the central pad. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention given only in connection with illustrative and non-limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a vessel wall according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is an exploded plan view of a zone of the tank wall of FIG. 1 located at the interface between two prefabricated panels. - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the zone of the tank wall in the assembled state. - Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing another embodiment of the wall area at the interface between two prefabricated panels. FIG. 5 is a fatigue curve representing the breaking force of the secondary membrane as a function of a number of cooling-heating cycles, for different embodiments of the insulating pad. - Figure 6 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS With reference to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a tank wall in which the secondary insulating barrier, the secondary sealing membrane and the primary insulating barrier are made from panels is now described. 54. Such a wall structure can be used to achieve substantially all the walls of a polyhedric tank. In this respect, the terms 'on', 'above', 'upper' and 'high' generally refer to a position located inwardly of the vessel and therefore do not necessarily coincide with the notion of high in the terrestrial gravitational field. Similarly, the terms 'sub', 'below', 'lower' and 'lower' generally refer to a position located outside the vessel and therefore do not necessarily coincide with the notion of low in the gravitational field. earthly. The prefabricated panels 54 are fixed on the supporting structure juxtaposed in a repeated pattern. A panel 54 each includes one element of the secondary insulating barrier 51, one element of the secondary watertight barrier and one element of the primary insulating barrier 53.
    [0005] A panel 54 has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. It consists of a first plate 9 mm plywood 9 mm thick surmounted by a first layer of thermal insulation 56, itself surmounted by a rigid waterproof coating 52 including an aluminum sheet of 0, 07 mm thick sandwiched between two glass fiber fabrics impregnated with a polyamide resin. The waterproof coating 52 is bonded to the thermal insulation layer 56, for example using a two-component polyurethane adhesive. A second layer of thermal insulation 57 is adhered to the waterproof coating 52 and itself carries a second plywood plate 58 of 12 mm thickness. The subassembly 55-56 constitutes the secondary insulation barrier element 51. The subassembly 57-58 constitutes the primary insulation barrier element 53 and has, in plan, a rectangular shape whose The sides are parallel to those of the secondary insulation barrier element 51. The two insulation barrier elements have, in plan view, the shape of two rectangles having the same center. The member 53 reveals a peripheral rim surface 59 of the impervious liner 52 all around the member 53. The impervious liner 52 forms the secondary sealing membrane member. The panel 54, which has just been described, may be prefabricated to form an assembly in which the various components are glued to one another in the arrangement indicated above. This set therefore forms the secondary barriers and the primary insulation barrier. The thermal insulation layers 56 and 57 may be constituted by a cellular plastic material such as a polyurethane foam. Preferably, glass fibers are embedded in the polyurethane foam to reinforce it.
    [0006] To ensure the fixing of the panels 54 on the carrier structure 99, wells 60 are regularly distributed over the two longitudinal edges of the panel to cooperate with studs fixed on the supporting structure 99 according to the known technique. The carrying structure 99, especially in the case of a ship, has deviations from the theoretical surface provided for the bearing structure simply because of manufacturing inaccuracies. In a known manner, these gaps are made up by placing the panels 54 in abutment against the supporting structure by means of polymerizable resin strands 61, which make it possible, from a surface of imperfectly bearing structure, to obtain a covering consisting of by adjacent panels 54 having second plates 58 which, as a whole, define a surface substantially devoid of the desired theoretical surface.
    [0007] The wells 60 are closed by inserting plugs of thermal insulating material 62, these plugs flush with the first layer of thermal insulation 56 of the panel 54. In addition, it is possible to place in the interstices which separate the elements 51. two adjacent panels 54, a heat insulating material 63 consisting of, for example, a sheet of plastic foam or glass wool inserted into the gap. To form a continuous secondary waterproofing membrane, a flexible waterproof strip 65 is placed on the peripheral edges 59 adjacent to two adjacent panels 54, and the sealing strip 65 is bonded to the peripheral rims 59, so as to seal the perforations located at the right of each well 60 and covering the gap between the two panels 54. The waterproof strip 65 is made of a composite material called triplex flexible flexible comprising three layers: the two outer layers are fiberglass fabrics and the intermediate layer is a thin metal sheet, for example an aluminum foil with a thickness of about 0.1 mm. This metal sheet ensures the continuity of the secondary waterproofing membrane. Its flexural flexibility, due to the flexible nature of the binder between the aluminum foil and the glass fibers, enables it to follow the deformations of the panels 54 due to the deformation of the shell to the swell or the cold setting of the tank. Flexibility in bending means the ability of the material to be bent to form waves without breaking.
    [0008] Between the elements 53 of two adjacent panels 54 remains a depressed zone located at the right of the peripheral rims 59, this depression having substantially the depth of the thickness of the primary insulation barrier. These areas of depression are filled by putting in place insulating pavers 66 each consisting of a thermal insulation layer 67 coated with a rigid plywood plate 68 on an upper surface of the insulating pad 66 and a sheet reinforcement ply on the lower surface of the insulating pad 66. The reinforcement ply not visible in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
    [0009] The insulating pavers 66 have a dimension such that they completely fill the area located above the peripheral rims 59 of two adjacent panels 54. The insulating blocks 66 are glued on the sealing strips 65. After being put in place, the plate 68 provides a relative continuity between the plates 58 of two adjacent panels 54 for supporting the primary waterproofing membrane. These insulating pavers 66 have a width equal to the distance between two elements 53 of two adjacent panels 54 and may have a greater or lesser length. A reduced length allows, if necessary, an easier implementation in the event of a slight misalignment of two panels 54 adjacent.
    [0010] The blocks 66 are glued to the sealing strip 65 and resting on it. The primary sealing membrane is formed of an embossed sheet membrane 69 having two series of intersecting corrugations to give it sufficient flexibility in both directions of the plane of the vessel wall. In FIG. 1, the insulating pavers 66, the watertight strip 65 and the thermal insulation materials 62 and 63 are represented in an exploded form and thus appear above their actual position in the tank wall in the final state. assembled. The final positions of these elements are better visible in Figure 3 which will be described below. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, a first embodiment of the tank wall at the junction between two prefabricated panels 54 will now be described. FIG. 2 partially represents the two prefabricated panels 54 fixed on the carrying structure 99 in FIGS. their final position, while the insulating pad 66, the reinforcing ply 1 of the insulating pad 66 and the sealing strip 65 are shown in the disassembled state above their final position. Figure 3 shows all the elements in their final assembled position. The thicknesses of the watertight coating 52, the watertight strip 65, the reinforcing ply 1 and the corresponding glue layers have been exaggerated for the sake of visibility. The reinforcing ply 1 is bonded to the lower surface 2 of the thermal insulating layer 67 by means of a glue layer 3. This gluing can be done in prefabrication in order to deliver to the assembly site of the tank a insulating pad 66 already comprising the reinforcing ply 1. The glue 3 is for example an epoxy or polyurethane glue.
    [0011] The assembly method is as follows: A layer of adhesive 4 is placed on the peripheral edge surface 59 of the impervious coating 52 of the two prefabricated panels 54.
    [0012] The sealing strip 65 is then applied and pressed onto the adhesive layer 4 until the adhesive is set. The glue 4 is for example an epoxy glue or polyurethane. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the watertight strip 65 is not glued at a central portion 6 of its lower surface which spans the gap between the two panels 54.
    [0013] A second layer of adhesive 5 is then placed either on the lower surface of the reinforcement ply 1 of the insulating pad 66 or on the upper surface of the impervious strip 65. Finally, the insulating pad 66 is applied and pressed against the upper surface the sealing strip 65 until the glue 5 is taken.
    [0014] The glue 5 is for example a relatively viscous epoxy or polyurethane glue, which makes it possible to apply a layer that is thick enough to take up the surface irregularities of the reinforcing ply 1. It is indeed important that, in the assembled state, the Rigid plates 68 and 58 generally provide a flat surface support surface for uniformly supporting the primary waterproofing membrane 69, which is made of a thin and relatively brittle material. Preferably, it is avoided to apply the layer of adhesive 5 in line with the central portion 6 of the sealing strip 65, so as to preserve the elasticity and mobility of this central portion 6 by not sticking any of its two faces. FIG. 4 represents a second embodiment of the tank wall at the junction between two prefabricated panels 54 in which the insulating pad has been modified to avoid applying the layer of adhesive 5 in line with the central portion. 6 of the sealing strip 65. The elements identical or similar to those of the previous embodiment have the same reference numeral. In FIG. 4, the insulating pad 66 additionally bears a non-adhesive pad 10, made for example of polymer foam or thick paper, which is bonded to the lower surface of the reinforcing ply 1, at a central line of the insulating block 66 intended to cover the central portion 6 of the sealing strip 65. The bonding of the pad 10 to the reinforcing ply 1 may be made in different ways, for example by means of a glue line 11 or a scotch double-sided or providing the pad 10 with an adhesive tape. The pad 10 can also be assembled in prefabrication to minimize the operations to be performed on the assembly site of the tank.
    [0015] For fastening the insulating pad 66 to the tank wall, the lower surface of the reinforcement ply 1 is glued with the adhesive layer 5 on either side of the non-adhesive pad 10, without adhering the non-adhesive pad 10. Thus, once the final assembly has been completed, the upper surface of the central portion 6 of the watertight strip 65 is in contact with the non-adhesive pad 10 without being adhered thereto, which favors its flexibility and mobility in order to absorb displacements. thermal origin. In a mode not shown in Figure 4 but constituting a variant, the pad 10 is fixed, not on the reinforcing ply 1, but on the flexible ply 65, for example with a double-sided tape or an adhesive tape to ensure its positioning.
    [0016] Exemplary embodiments of the vessel wall will now be described for illustrative purposes and their mechanical properties of fatigue resistance will be described with reference to Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the breaking force of the sealing strip 65 expressed in kilo Newton (kN) as a function of the average service life of the vessel wall, expressed as an average number of cold-running cycles. EXAMPLE 1 The thermal insulation of layers 56, 57 and 67 is a polyurethane foam reinforced with glass fibers having a density of 130 kg / m 3. The thickness of the primary insulating barrier is 150 mm. The thickness of the secondary insulating barrier is 250 mm. The service temperature of the secondary membrane is about 80 ° C. The watertight strip 65 is a flexible triplex® with a thickness of 0.6 mm (aluminum, fiberglass) supplied by the company Hutchinson. Its Young's modulus is E = 10 GPa and its coefficient of thermal expansion at 23 ° C is a = 0.9 × 10 -e K-1. The tensile stress at break, measured at 23 ° C, is about 200 MPa.
    [0017] Glue 4 is a two-component polyurethane glue provided by Bostik under the reference XPU 18411 A / 3B. The reinforcement ply 1 is a rigid triplex with a thickness of 0.6 mm (aluminum, fiberglass, polyamide resin) supplied by Hankuk.
    [0018] Its Young modulus is E = 15 GPa and its coefficient of thermal expansion at 23 ° C is a = 10-5 K. The tensile stress at break, measured at 23 ° C, is about 210 MPa. The adhesive 3 is a two-component polyurethane adhesive supplied by Henkel under the reference Macroplast 8202/5400.
    [0019] The adhesive 5 is an epoxy resin supplied by the company Unitech under the reference UEA 100/300. An endurance test is performed in the form of a series of cold-reheat cycles between the ambient temperature and the LNG temperature (-162 ° C). The watertight strip 65 holds 70000 cycles before crossing a reference force threshold shown by line 12 of FIG. 5. This threshold corresponds to the breakage of a material of the whole of the insulation. The curve 14 of FIG. 5 is an average fatigue curve for the watertight strip 65. In addition, in this configuration, a numerical simulation of the wall 20 at the operating temperature predicts a tension stress in the watertight strip 65 of the order of 63 MPa, which is very largely below the breaking stress of the flexible triplex®, close to 200 MPa. Comparative Example 1 The reinforcing ply 1 and the glue layer 3 are removed. For the remainder, the data of Example 1 is retained. The watertight strip 65 holds 35,000 cycles before crossing the reference force threshold shown by line 12 of FIG. 5. Curve 15 of FIG. 5 is an average fatigue curve for the watertight strip 65 resulting from the extrapolation of Comparative Example 1. The service life of the watertight strip 65 obtained in Comparative Example 1 is less than 50% of the service life obtained in Example 1.
    [0020] Furthermore, in this configuration, a numerical simulation of the tank wall at the operating temperature predicts a voltage stress in the sealed band 65 of the order of 117 MPa. EXAMPLE 2 Reinforcing ply 1 is a flexible triplex® with a thickness of 0.6 mm (aluminum, fiberglass) supplied by Hutchinson. Its Young's modulus is E = 10 GPa and its coefficient of thermal expansion at 23 ° C is a = 0.9 × 10 -e K-1. The tensile stress at break, measured at 23 ° C, is about 200 MPa.
    [0021] For the rest, the data of example 1 are retained. A numerical simulation of the tank wall at the operating temperature predicts a tension stress in the sealing strip 65 of the order of 74 MPa, which is also very largely below the breaking stress of the flexible triplex®, close to 200 MPa.
    [0022] The technique described above for producing a tank wall can be used in different types of tanks, for example to form an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other. Referring to Figure 6, a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed membrane arranged between the primary waterproof membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof membrane and the secondary waterproof membrane and between the secondary waterproof membrane and the double shell 72. In a manner known per se, loading / unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, at a marine or port terminal for transferring an LNG cargo to or from the tank 71. Figure 6 shows an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation. 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 7 4 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges LNG carriers. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
    [0023] In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is quite obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these are within the scope of the invention. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and of its conjugate forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set forth in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps. In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim. 30
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Sealed and insulating vessel having a vessel wall fixed to a supporting structure (99), in which the wall of the vessel has a multilayer structure which successively comprises a primary sealing membrane (69) intended to be in contact with a contained product in the tank, a primary insulating barrier, a secondary sealing membrane and a secondary insulating barrier, in which the secondary insulating barrier, the secondary sealing membrane and the primary insulating barrier consist essentially of a set of prefabricated panels (54 ) fixed on the supporting structure, each prefabricated panel successively comprising a rigid bottom plate (55), a first layer of thermal insulation (56) carried by the bottom plate and constituting with the bottom plate an element of the insulating barrier secondary, a waterproof coating (52) which completely covers the first layer of thermal insulation e n being bonded to the first layer of thermal insulation and forming a member of the secondary waterproofing membrane, a second thermal insulation layer (57) covering a central area of the first layer and the watertight coating, and a rigid cover plate (58) covering the second layer of thermal insulation and constituting with the second layer of thermal insulation an element of the primary insulating barrier, wherein the bottom plate, the first layer of thermal insulation and the coating of the prefabricated panel have a first rectangular outline while the second layer of thermal insulation and the cover plate have a second rectangular outline of smaller dimensions than the first rectangular outline, so that the second layer of thermal insulation and the cover plate does not cover an edging area (59) of the waterproof coating along the four edges of the first cont rectangular, and in which the prefabricated panels are juxtaposed on the supporting structure 30 parallel to each other, so that the edge region of the waterproof coating of a first of the prefabricated panels is each time close to the edge zone of the sealing of a second of the prefabricated panels, the wall of the vessel further comprising sealing strips (65) made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers, the strips sealing members being disposed astride adjacent edge areas (59) of prefabricated panel waterproofing coatings (54) and sealingly bonded to prefabricated panel waterproofing coatings (52) to complete the secondary sealing membrane between panels prefabricated, the wall of the tank further comprising insulating pavers (66) arranged on the straps nchéité, an insulating pad being placed each time between the second layers of thermal insulation of two adjacent prefabricated panels, so as to complete the primary insulating barrier between the two prefabricated panels, the insulating pad having a layer of thermal insulation (67 ) covered with a rigid plate (68), so that the rigid plates of the insulating blocks and the cover plates of the prefabricated panels constitute a substantially continuous wall adapted to support the primary waterproofing membrane, characterized in that the block insulation comprises a reinforcing ply (1) made of a composite material comprising a layer of fibers bonded by a polymer resin, the reinforcing ply having a tensile stiffness greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips (65) , the reinforcing ply being bonded to the thermal insulating layer on one side of the insulating layer t hermetic (67) opposite to the rigid plate (68), the insulating pad being fixed each time on the prefabricated panels by gluing the reinforcing ply (1) on the sealing strip (65) underlying.
    [0002]
    2. A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing ply material has a thermal expansion coefficient a and a tensile Young's modulus E, measured at 23 ° C, such that their product satisfies: 7.104 Pa. K-1 <E.a <106 Pa. K-1.
    [0003]
    A vessel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing ply (1) is made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers.
    [0004]
    4. Tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing ply (1) is made of a rigid composite material bending comprising a fiber layer impregnated with a rigid polymer resin.
    [0005]
    5. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the flexible waterproof sheet consists of a flexible composite laminate material comprising a metal sheet sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers, and wherein the waterproof coating ( 52) prefabricated panels consists of a rigid composite laminate material comprising a metal sheet sandwiched between two layers of glass fibers, the two layers of glass fibers being impregnated with a rigid polymer resin.
    [0006]
    6. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vessel wall comprises a gap located between the first layers of thermal insulation of two prefabricated panels (54) neighbors and a strip of stuffing material (63) arranged in the interstice, the sealing strip (65) which completes the secondary sealing membrane between the prefabricated panels has a central portion (6) crossing the gap above the stuffing material web, the central portion the sealing strip not being adhered to the web of stuffing material, and wherein the reinforcing ply (1) has a central portion covering the central portion of the sealing strip and not being glued to the the central portion (6) of the sealing strip.
    [0007]
    7. Tank according to claim 6, wherein the insulating pad further comprises a central pad (10) of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the reinforcing ply opposite to the thermal insulating layer of the insulating pad, the insulation pad being disposed on the sealing strip so that the central pad overlies the central portion (6) of the sealing strip (65).
    [0008]
    8. A tank according to claim 6, wherein the sealing strip further comprises a central pad (10) of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the sealing strip facing the insulating pad, the insulating pad being disposed on the sealing strip so that the central portion of the reinforcing ply (1) covers the central pad without being glued to the central pad.
    [0009]
    9. Tank according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the thermal insulation consists of a polyurethane foam having a density greater than 130 kg / m3, for example between 130 and 210 kg / m3.
    [0010]
    10. Ship (70) for the transport of a cold liquid product, the vessel comprising a double hull (72) and a tank (71) according to one of claims 1 to 9 disposed in the double hull.
    [0011]
    11. A method of loading or unloading a vessel (70) according to claim 10, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating storage facility. or terrestrial (77) to or from the vessel vessel (71).
    [0012]
    12. Transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 10, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the vessel hull at a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
    [0013]
    13. A method of manufacturing a sealed and insulating tank, the method comprising: providing a set of prefabricated panels (54), each prefabricated panel successively comprising a rigid bottom plate (55), a first layer of thermal insulation ( 56) carried by the bottom plate and constituting with the bottom plate an element of the secondary insulating barrier, a watertight coating (52) which completely covers the first layer of thermal insulation being adhered to the first layer of insulation and forming an element of the secondary waterproofing membrane, a second thermal insulation layer (57) covering a central zone of the first layer and the watertight coating, and a rigid cover plate (58) covering the second thermal insulation layer 25 and constituting with the second layer of thermal insulation element of the primary insulating barrier, the bottom plate, the first layer of isolan The second layer of thermal insulation and the cover plate have a second rectangular contour of smaller dimensions than the first rectangular contour, so that the second layer of thermal insulation and the cover plate do not cover an edge region (59) of the waterproof coating along the four edges of the first rectangular contour, juxtapose and fix the prefabricated panels parallel to each other on the carrier structure (99), so that the edge region of the waterproof coating of a first of the prefabricated panels is each time close to the edge region of the waterproof coating of a second of the prefabricated panels, have sealing strips (65) straddling the border areas adjacent to the waterproof coatings of the prefabricated panels, the sealing strips wherein (65) is made of a flexible composite laminate material comprising at least one metal sheet bonded to at least one layer of fibers, and sealingly bonding the sealing strips (65) to the prefabricated panel waterproofing coatings (52) to complete the secondary waterproofing membrane between the prefabricated panels, provide insulating pavers (66), the insulation pad having a thermal insulation layer (67), a rigid plate (68) attached to an upper face of the layer of thermal insulation and a reinforcing ply (1) bonded to a lower face of the thermal insulating layer opposite to the rigid plate, the reinforcing ply (1) being made of a composite material comprising a layer of bound fibers with a polymer resin, the reinforcing ply having a tensile stiffness greater than or equal to the tensile stiffness of the sealing strips (65), arranging the insulating blocks ( 66) on the sealing strips (65), an insulating pad 20 being placed each time between the second layers of thermal insulation of two adjacent prefabricated panels, so as to complete the primary insulating barrier between the two prefabricated panels and to forming a substantially continuous support wall with the rigid plates of the insulating pavers and the cover plates of the prefabricated panels, fixing the insulating pavers on the prefabricated panels by bonding the reinforcing ply of the insulating pad to the sub-sealing strip. and attaching a primary waterproofing membrane (69) to the substantially continuous support wall.
    [0014]
    The method of claim 13, further comprising: disposing a strip of stuffing material (63) in a gap located between the first layers of thermal insulation of two adjacent prefabricated panels, arranging the sealing strip which complements the secondary sealing membrane between the prefabricated panels without adhering to the web of material of bourrageune central portion of the sealing strip which crosses the gap above the web of stuffing material, and fixing the insulating pad comprising the tablecloth reinforcement without bonding a central portion (6) of the reinforcing ply to the sealing strip (65).
    [0015]
    15. The method of claim 14, wherein the insulating pad further comprises a central pad (10) of non-adhesive material fixed projecting on a surface of the reinforcement ply opposite to the thermal insulating layer of the insulating pad, the a method further comprising the step of bonding the reinforcing ply (1) of the insulating pad on either side of the central pad without gluing the central pad (10), and arranging the insulating pad on the strip sealing so that the central pad covers the central portion (6) of the sealing strip without adhering thereto.
    [0016]
    The vessel of claim 14, wherein the sealing strip further comprises a central pad (10) of non-adhesive material attached to a surface of the sealing strip facing the insulating pad, the method comprising in addition the step of sticking the sealing strip on either side of the central pad without gluing the central pad (10), and to arrange the insulating pad on the sealing strip so that the central portion of the reinforcing ply (1) covers the central pad without being glued to the central pad.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN106461158A|2017-02-22|
    KR20170021833A|2017-02-28|
    PH12016502450B1|2017-03-06|
    WO2015197638A1|2015-12-30|
    PL3161370T3|2018-05-30|
    SG11201610486RA|2017-01-27|
    EP3161370B1|2017-12-20|
    JP6585635B2|2019-10-02|
    JP2017526867A|2017-09-14|
    US10267455B2|2019-04-23|
    MY179675A|2020-11-11|
    PH12016502450A1|2017-03-06|
    NO3161370T3|2018-05-19|
    US20170138537A1|2017-05-18|
    RU2682230C2|2019-03-15|
    CN106461158B|2019-12-03|
    PT3161370T|2018-02-16|
    FR3022971B1|2017-03-31|
    AU2015279270A1|2017-01-12|
    RU2016150149A|2018-07-26|
    RU2016150149A3|2019-01-17|
    EP3161370A1|2017-05-03|
    AU2015279270B2|2018-11-29|
    ES2657799T3|2018-03-06|
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    FR3022971B1|2014-06-25|2017-03-31|Gaztransport Et Technigaz|SEALED AND INSULATING TANK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME|
    FR3026459B1|2014-09-26|2017-06-09|Gaztransport Et Technigaz|SEALED AND INSULATING TANK WITH A BRIDGING ELEMENT BETWEEN THE PANELS OF THE SECONDARY INSULATING BARRIER|FR3022971B1|2014-06-25|2017-03-31|Gaztransport Et Technigaz|SEALED AND INSULATING TANK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME|
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    FR3077865B1|2018-02-09|2020-02-28|Gaztranport Et Technigaz|WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK COMPRISING INTER-PANEL INSULATING CAPS|
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    法律状态:
    2015-06-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-01-01| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160101 |
    2016-07-08| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-06-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-03-13| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20200206 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1455937A|FR3022971B1|2014-06-25|2014-06-25|SEALED AND INSULATING TANK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME|FR1455937A| FR3022971B1|2014-06-25|2014-06-25|SEALED AND INSULATING TANK AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME|
    CN201580034773.4A| CN106461158B|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Seal insulated tank and manufacturing method, ship and its handling support method and Transmission system|
    NO15732604A| NO3161370T3|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|
    PL15732604T| PL3161370T3|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    RU2016150149A| RU2682230C2|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulated reservoir and method for manufacture thereof|
    JP2016573111A| JP6585635B2|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulation tank and method for manufacturing the same|
    KR1020177000884A| KR20170021833A|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    US15/318,894| US10267455B2|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    PCT/EP2015/064144| WO2015197638A1|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    PT157326042T| PT3161370T|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    AU2015279270A| AU2015279270B2|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    SG11201610486RA| SG11201610486RA|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    ES15732604.2T| ES2657799T3|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Watertight and insulating tank and its manufacturing procedure|
    EP15732604.2A| EP3161370B1|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
    MYPI2016704701A| MY179675A|2014-06-25|2015-06-23|Sealed insulating tank and method for manufacturing the same|
    PH12016502450A| PH12016502450B1|2014-06-25|2016-12-12|Sealed insulating tank and method of manufacturing the same|
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