• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a flexible tubular conduit (10) comprising, on the one hand, an internal tubular pressure structure comprising a tubular sheath (16) and a pressure vault (18) to take up radial forces, and on the other hand a outer tubular tensile structure having at least one ply of tensile armor yarns (22, 24), and one retaining band (28) helically wound in a short pitch on said ply yarn of traction armor (24) said holding strip (28) having a layer of polymeric material and a plurality of fiber locks extended substantially in the longitudinal direction of said holding strip (28). The fibers of the strands of said plurality of strands of fibers are mineral fibers, and in that said plurality of strands of fibers are embedded within said layer of polymeric material.
    公开号:FR3022320A1
    申请号:FR1455486
    申请日:2014-06-16
    公开日:2015-12-18
    发明作者:Frederic Demanze
    申请人:Technip France SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a flexible tubular pipe intended for the transport of hydrocarbons.
    [0002] One area of application envisaged includes, but is not limited to, the transport of hydrocarbons in a marine environment between a seabed and an overhanging surface. Flexible tubular pipes called "unbound", described in the normative documents API 17J, "Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe", API RP 17B, "Recommended Practice for Flexible Pipe", API 17J, "Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe", API 16C, "Choke and Kill Systems", and API 7K, "Rotary Drilling Hose" published by the American Petroleum Institute, include several layers of metal and plastic materials, giving them their mechanical properties and properties. sealing against the hydrocarbon they transport and the surrounding environment. Also, they generally comprise, from the inside to the outside, a metal carcass made of a stapled spiral strip, a pressure sheath made of polymeric material, a helical winding with a short pitch of a wire forming an arch of pressure, at least one ply of tensile armor made by the winding with a long pitch of a plurality of metal son around said pressure vault, and an outer protective sheath. When the pipes are subjected to high hydrostatic pressures, and particularly in the deep sea, when the internal pressure of the pipe decreases too much, precisely below the hydrostatic pressure, they are subjected to the "opposite bottom effect" ". The pipe then undergoes axial compression efforts tending to make it shorten. When this is added, in a dynamic and turbulent environment, transverse stresses on the pipe, the armor wires of the tensile armor plies then tend to flambé laterally and to irreversibly displace the pipe irreversibly locally. These armor threads then form locally structures called "cage bird".
    [0003] In order to overcome this, a holding strip is wound in a short pitch helix on the sheet of outermost tensile armor wires. These holding or reinforcing strips are made of organic fibers, for example aramid and they then contain the effects of swelling and radial buckling of the son of traction armor plies. In addition, it has been imagined to coat the retaining strip with a polymeric material in order to increase its service life. The polymeric material is then secured to the holding strip and forms only one with it. Reference can be made to WO2008 / 135663 which describes such a holding strip. However, the strip thus coated is not protected from degradation under any operating circumstance, especially in ultra-deep sea conditions. It has also been imagined to use steel son to make the retaining strips. However, this considerably increases the pipes. Also, a problem that arises and that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a flexible tubular conduit even more resistant to the opposite bottom effect than the pipes according to the prior art. In order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a flexible tubular conduit intended for the transport of hydrocarbons comprising, on the one hand, an internal tubular pressure structure comprising a tight tubular sheath and a pressure vault made around said tubular sheath. sealing for retaining the radial forces, and secondly an outer tubular tensile structure comprising at least one ply of tensile armor wires resting on said pressure vault, and at least one retaining band helically wound to not short on said web of tensile armor wires to be able to radially maintain said tensile armor wires against said pressure vault, said holding band having a layer of polymeric material and a plurality of fiber strands extended substantially according to the longitudinal direction of said retaining band. The fibers of the strands of said plurality of strands of fibers are mineral fibers, and said plurality of strands of fibers are embedded within said layer of polymeric material.
    [0004] The field of fibers can be divided into four broad categories, namely natural fibers (cotton, linen, wool, silk fibers ...), artificial fibers (viscose fibers), synthetic fibers (fibers of polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, acrylics, etc.) and specialty fibers, that is organic fibers and inorganic fibers. "Inorganic mineral fiber" means all fibers which fall into none of the first three categories, only in the fourth category, taking care to exclude organic fibers. Inorganic mineral fibers include, among others, glass, basalt, ceramics and carbon fibers. Thus, a feature of the invention lies in the implementation of the fiber tows, which are entirely embedded in the thickness of the layer of polymer material. In this way, the retaining band is made of a composite material including either aramid type organic fibers for example but inorganic mineral fibers. These mineral fibers have the advantage of being much more resistant to hydrolysis than are the organic fibers, and moreover, they make it possible to give the holding strips high elasticity modules, for example greater than 100 GPa. . In addition, mineral fibers have the dual advantage of being lighter and less sensitive to corrosion than metal fibers. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said mineral fibers are basalt fibers. The latter have mechanical properties and inertia compared to the hydrolysis phenomenon, higher than those of glass fibers and they are also less expensive than carbon fibers. In addition, they have advantageous surface qualities allowing a good wetting of the polymer material during the manufacture of the holding strip. According to another embodiment, the mineral fibers are boron fibers or carbon fibers. Boron fibers are less expensive than carbon fibers and, like basalt fibers, have good resistance to hydrolysis.
    [0005] According to yet another embodiment of the invention that is particularly advantageous, the locks of the said plurality of locks of fibers are twisted. In this way, the mechanical strength of the fiber locks is increased. According to another preferred embodiment, the locks of said plurality of fiber locks are braided. In addition, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fiber locks of said plurality of fiber locks are distributed uniformly within said polymer material layer. In this way, the fiber locks confer a relatively homogeneous mechanical strength to the holding band in the mass of the layer of polymeric material. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, said layer of polymer material having a thickness and a medial surface dividing said layer of polymer material according to the thickness into two identical parts, and the wicks of said plurality of wicks. fibers extend inside one of said two parts. In this way, the possibility of deformation of the other of the two parts is made easier compared to said one of said two parts including the plurality of fiber locks, and thus the application of the holding strip will be made easier around the tablecloth of tensile armor wires. The mode of deformation of the holding strip when it is wrapped around the sheet of traction armor yarns will be explained in greater detail in the rest of the description. In addition, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fiber locks of said plurality of fiber locks are encapsulated in another polymeric material. Thus, it limits the risk of transverse rupture of the holding band. Also, the cohesion with the polymeric material of the holding layer, the resistance to wear and abrasion and the compression of the fibers are improved. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, said other polymer material encapsulating the fibers is a thermoplastic material. In this way, the encapsulation of the fiber locks is easy to implement from a thermoplastic material in the molten state, and by cooling the strands of fibers coated with the molten material.
    [0006] According to another embodiment, said other polymer material encapsulating the fibers is a thermosetting material. In this way, the fiber strands thus encapsulated are even better preserved from the corrosion phenomenon that may result from the transport of hydrocarbon fluids within the pipe of the invention. As regards the polymeric material of said layer of polymeric material, it is advantageously thermoplastic. For example, it is chosen from the family of polyolefins, polyamides, polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyaryletherketone (PEAK), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), Poly (ether sulfones) (PES), Polyimide (PI), Polyphenylsulfone (PPS), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polysulfone (PSU), Polyvinylsuchlore (PVC) c, Polyphenyleneoxide (PPO), Polyimidemethacrylic (PMI), etc. ... In this way, its implementation is also made easier. According to another embodiment, said polymeric material of said layer of polymer material is preferably thermosetting, for example selected from aromatic or cycloaliphatic hardener based systems. Thus, the strength of the fiber strands thus encapsulated is increased.
    [0007] According to another embodiment of the invention, the holding strip is reinforced by a fabric or thin film. Said thin film comprises longitudinal fibers of glass, carbon or aramid so as to form a fabric, a nonwoven or a mat, and it is arranged on at least one of the upper or lower faces of the holding strip of the invention by gluing. In this way, the mechanical resistance to transverse stresses of the holding strip is improved. Reference is made to document WO 01/90909259 to illustrate this variant embodiment. Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from a reading of the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting indication, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view and severed of a flexible tubular conduit according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a detail element of Figure 1 according to a first embodiment; - Figures 3A, 3B and 3C schematically illustrate in cross section the detail element shown in Figure 2 according to three different embodiments of a second embodiment; and, - Figures 4A and 4B schematically illustrate in cross section the detail element shown in Figure 2 according to two different modes of implementation of a third embodiment. Figure 1 partially illustrates cutaway a flexible tubular conduit 10, and shows the different layers that form it. These are successively carried out on each other, from the inside 12 of the outward pipe 14. The interior 12 forms an internal flow space of the hydrocarbon. The innermost layer is a pressure sheath 16 made of a polymeric material by hot extrusion. The polymer material used is advantageously a semi-crystalline thermoplastic material. This pressure sheath 16 is tight and sufficiently thick to withstand the flow of a hydrocarbon under pressure and possibly hot. Then, the pressure sheath 16 is covered with a pressure vault 18 made of a wire of substantially rectangular cross-section, wound in a short-pitch spiral, forming contiguous turns 20. The turns 20 are applied radially against the pressure sheath 16. The pressure vault 18 thus makes it possible to take up the external forces exerted radially by the hydrostatic pressure on the flexible tubular pipe in the marine environment as well as the radial internal forces exerted by the circulation of the hydrocarbon fluid within the internal flow space. The pressure vault 18 is covered with two plies 22, 24 of a plurality of armor yarns wrapped with a long pitch and in two opposite directions from one another in a crosswise manner. The armor of these plies 22, 24 are called tensile armor, because they allow to take the longitudinal forces of traction exerted on the pipe both during its installation on site, in operation. The outermost armor ply 24 defines a substantially circular cylindrical bearing surface 26. According to an alternative embodiment, for high pressure applications or large depths, the pressure vault 18 is covered with at least two pairs of tensile armor plies. On the cylindrical bearing surface 26 of the ply of armor yarn 24 is wound in a helix with a short pitch a holding or reinforcing strip 28. It is wound with a strong tension around the sheet of armor yarn 24 forming turns, preferably contiguous, so as to obtain a substantially homogeneous holding layer 30. A feature of the invention lies in the structure and constitution of the retaining band 28, which comprises a layer of polymeric material and mineral fibers. Various variants will be described hereinafter in the description. In addition, an outer sealing sheath 32 extruded in a thermoplastic polymer material, covers the retaining layer 30. The zone located between the pressure sheath 16 and the outer sealing sheath 32 and comprising the pressure vault 18, the tension armor 22, 24 and the retaining band 28 define an annular space of the flexible tubular conduit 10.
    [0008] By winding the retaining band 28 so that its edges touch, either in a winding with contiguous turns, or overlap, or in a winding coil, the annular space of the flexible tubular conduit 10 becomes confined, favoring then the condensation of the water and / or limiting the permeation of the gases contained in the hydrocarbon fluid circulating within the internal flow space, to the outside. The environment of the annular space to which the layers 18, 22 and 24 are subjected is in this case more severe, that is to say that very favorable conditions for the initiation of the phenomenon of corrosion of the metal layers are met. . Also, to reduce the phenomenon of corrosion, it is expected the presence of holes in the thickness of the strip 28. Therefore, it optimizes the diffusion of gases to the outside of the annular space of the flexible tubular conduit.
    [0009] Referring to Figure 2 illustrating in cross section the holding strip 28 illustrated in Figure 1 and according to a first embodiment. In cross-section, it has a rectangular parallelepipedal general shape and consists of a matrix of polymeric material 34 inside which wicks of mineral fibers 36 are embedded which extend longitudinally therein. The mineral fiber locks 36 are preferably wicks of basalt fiber, whose modulus of elasticity is of the order of 50 GPa, and whose tensile strength is of the order of 1000 MPa. These values are higher than those that can be obtained with fiberglass for example. The reinforcing or holding strip comprising the mineral fibers 36 used has a thickness of, for example, between 0.05 mm and 5 mm and a width of between 45 mm and 500 mm. The mineral fibers used are of the unidirectional fiber type, and they extend longitudinally in the direction of the holding strip 28, embedded inside the thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer material. The fiber locks are uniformly dispersed in the matrix of the polymer material 34. As regards the thermosetting material, the use of epoxy resin has advantages in terms of aging. The holding strip 28 thus obtained has a width ratio L of thickness e, for example between 50 and 100. Thus, the holding strip 28 may have a tensile strength of, for example, between 1000 MPa and 3000 MPa. In addition, to improve the mechanical strength in the transverse direction of the retaining band 28, the unidirectional fibers are replaced by a two-dimensional or multiaxial woven material or else by a mat. According to a second variant illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B, in two different embodiments, the mineral fiber locks are grouped together, while the cross section of the holding strip is substantially parallelepipedal rectangle as well. Elements similar to those of Figure 2 have the same references assigned a prime sign: "'". The new references are in the rest of the series of references already affected. Thus we find the retaining band 28 'in cross section. It defines a median plane Pm dividing it into two image parts of each other with respect to this plane Pm in the direction of the thickness. The mineral fiber locks are then shaped into a reinforcing element 38 having a substantially rectangular geometry, which reinforcement element extends longitudinally inside the matrix of polymer material 34 'and in the center of the matrix along the median plane Pm. According to the cross section, the width of the reinforcing element 38 is for example between 50% and 75% of the total width of the matrix of polymer material 34 ', while its thickness is between 20% and 40% of the total thickness of the matrix of polymer material 34 '. Also, as shown in Figure 4A, the reinforcing member 38 of mineral fiber locks is centered both laterally and in the thickness of the matrix of polymeric material 34 '. In this way, the mechanical properties of the holding strip 28 resulting therefrom are substantially homogeneous. According to another embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 4B, the reinforcement element 38 of mineral fiber locks is always centered laterally inside the matrix of polymer material 34 '. But on the other hand, it extends in the upper part delimited by the median plane Pm.
    [0010] Therefore, the mechanical properties of the holding strip 28 thus obtained are no longer homogeneous. In this way, for example, the holding strip 28 is applied against the cylindrical bearing surface 26 of the ply of armor wires 24 so that said upper part comes into precise contact with the cylindrical bearing surface. 26. In this way, the holding strip 28 being wound around the cylindrical bearing surface 26, said upper portion of the holding strip 28 tends to be compressed axially while the lower portion tends to be stretched longitudinally. In reality, the upper part remains very little deformable thanks to the mat 38 of fiber strands, while the lower part consisting almost exclusively of polymeric material, tends to stretch. In this way, it is the least deformable part that is closest to the sheet of armor son 24. Therefore, the armor of this sheet is held tightly tight radially towards the center of the tubular pipe 10. The risk of local deformation of the pipe in "bird cage" are thus substantially zero. The polymer material chosen for producing the reinforcing element 38 is chosen from thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer materials. According to a third variant illustrated in Figures 3A, 3B and 3C relating to three embodiments, the mineral fiber locks are themselves encapsulated in a polymeric material. In these FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C, elements similar to those of FIG. 2 have the same references assigned a double prime sign: "". Thus, FIGS. 3A to 3C show the holding strip 28 "in FIG. cross section. It defines a median plane Pm dividing it into two image parts of each other with respect to this plane Pm in the direction of the thickness. The mineral fiber locks are, according to this third embodiment, formed into a rod 40 with a diameter of, for example, between 0.1 mm and 5 mm. The rods then extend longitudinally inside the matrix of polymer material 34 "and in the center of the matrix along the median plane Pm, being regularly spaced apart from one another: the aforementioned holes for reducing the phenomenon of corrosion, are provided in the thickness of the strip 28, between the wicks of mineral fibers 36, between the rods 40 or around the reinforcing element 38. The rods 40 consist of wicks of basalt fiber embedded in another matrix of a polymeric material having a circular or rectangular cross-section The basalt fiber tows may be braided or stranded so as to improve their tensile strength and the rods 40 may then be obtained by pultrusion by dragging the fiber locks through a die The polymeric material of said other die used to make the rods 40 is, for example Preferably, the polymeric material is a thermosetting material making it possible to improve the strength and the resistance of the rods 40. The rods are then themselves embedded in the matrix of polymer material 34 ", which is itself thermoplastic or preferably thermosetting.
    [0011] According to this third embodiment, the resistance to wear and abrasion of mineral fibers is increased. In addition, they are more resistant to compression. Moreover, thanks to such an implementation of the fiber tows, the holding strip 28 "thus obtained has a better breaking strength in a transverse direction, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. rods 40 extend inside the polymer matrix 34 "in the median plane Pm, it will be observed that the fiber strands undergo very little axial stress when the holding strip 28" is wound against the sheet of yarns. On the other hand, the thickness of polymeric material of the matrix 34 "located inwardly of the curvature of the retaining band 28" tends to contract axially while the thickness outwardly of the This type of implementation may be suitable for average pipe diameters, between the large diameters and the small diameters, because the holding strip 28 "can undergo a significant curvature without affecting the bends. wicks of mineral fibers. Regarding the mode of implementation of the retaining band 28 "illustrated in Figure 3B, where the rods 40 extend inside the polymer matrix 34" exclusively in one of the parts delimited by the median plane Pm, it may be more suitable for small diameters of pipe. In this case, the holding strip 28 "is wound around the ply of armor yarn 24 so that the rods 40 are located towards the inside of the curvature, in this way the thickness of the polymer material the 34 "matrix without reinforcement and located towards the outside tends to stretch. As to the mode of implementation of the retaining band 28 "illustrated in FIG 3C, where the rods 40 are uniformly distributed on either side of the median plane Pm, its flexural strength is greater. intended for pipes of larger diameters.
    [0012] It will be observed that the bending possibilities of the support strips 28 "are also very directly related to the nature of the polymer materials used for the matrix 34". In general, thermoplastic polymer materials are more flexible than thermosetting polymer materials. Also, the choice of the polymer materials is conditioned to the radius of curvature that it is desired to give to the holding strips 28. There are two distinct modes of laying the holding strip 28 around the cylindrical bearing surface 26 of the sheet of armor yarn 24.
    [0013] The first mode of installation comprises preheating the matrix of polymer material 34 beyond its softening temperature. Thus, when the holding strip 28 is wound around the cylindrical bearing surface 26 by application of a high voltage, the residual stresses within the structure of the strip are reduced. This first mode applies in particular to the holding strips comprising a thermoplastic polymer matrix 34. The second laying mode comprises winding the holding strip 28 around the cylindrical bearing surface 26 by applying a low voltage. In this way, the reduction in capacity of the belts of the present invention is limited. This second mode applies in particular to the retaining strips comprising fibers arranged in the form of a woven material as described above.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Flexible tubular pipe (10) for the transport of hydrocarbons comprising, on the one hand, an internal tubular pressure structure comprising a sealed tubular sheath (16) and a pressure vault (18) formed around said sealed tubular sheath (16) for resuming the radial forces, and secondly an external tubular tensile structure comprising at least one ply of tensile armor wires (22, 24) resting on said pressure vault (18), and at least one strip of holding (28) short-pitch helically wound on said traction armor ply (24) to be able to radially maintain said tensile armor wires (24) against said pressure vault (18), said holding band (28) having a layer of polymeric material (34) and a plurality of fiber locks (36) extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of said holding strip (28); characterized in that the fibers of the wicks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) are mineral fibers, and in that said plurality of fiber locks are embedded within said polymeric material layer (34).
    [0002]
    Flexible tubular pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that said mineral fibers are basalt fibers.
    [0003]
    3. Flexible tubular conduit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wicks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) are stranded.
    [0004]
    4. Flexible tubular pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wicks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) are braided.
    [0005]
    Flexible tubular pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fiber locks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) are distributed uniformly within said layer of polymeric material.
    [0006]
    A flexible tubular conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said polymer material layer (34) having a thickness and a medial surface dividing said layer of polymer material according to the thickness into two identical parts, and in that the fiber locks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) extend within one of said two parts.
    [0007]
    7. flexible tubular conduit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fiber locks of said plurality of fiber locks (36) are encapsulated in another polymeric material.
    [0008]
    Flexible tubular pipe according to claim 7, characterized in that said other polymeric material is a thermoplastic material.
    [0009]
    9. Flexible tubular pipe according to claim 7, characterized in that said other polymer material is a thermosetting material.
    [0010]
    Flexible tubular pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said polymeric material of said one layer of polymeric material (34) is a thermoplastic.
    [0011]
    11. flexible tubular pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said polymeric material of said a layer of polymeric material (34) is thermosetting.
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    同族专利:
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    US20170122467A1|2017-05-04|
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    EP3155304A1|2017-04-19|
    FR3022320B1|2016-07-29|
    引用文献:
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    EP2825803B1|2012-03-13|2020-05-27|National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S|An unbonded flexible pipe with an optical fiber containing layer|NL2020042B1|2017-12-08|2019-06-19|Pipelife Nederland Bv|High-pressure pipe with pultruded elements and method for producing the same|
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    法律状态:
    2015-06-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2015-12-18| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20151218 |
    2016-06-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-06-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-06-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-06-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-06-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1455486A|FR3022320B1|2014-06-16|2014-06-16|TUBULAR DRIVE WITH COMPOSITE RETAINING STRIP|FR1455486A| FR3022320B1|2014-06-16|2014-06-16|TUBULAR DRIVE WITH COMPOSITE RETAINING STRIP|
    EP15733830.2A| EP3155304A1|2014-06-16|2015-06-15|Tubular conduit with a composite holding strip|
    PCT/FR2015/051572| WO2015193595A1|2014-06-16|2015-06-15|Tubular conduit with a composite holding strip|
    US15/319,474| US10619767B2|2014-06-16|2015-06-15|Tubular pipe with a composite holding strip|
    AP2016009613A| AP2016009613A0|2014-06-16|2015-06-15|Tubular pipe with a composite holding strip|
    BR112016029328-2A| BR112016029328B1|2014-06-16|2015-06-15|FLEXIBLE TUBE WITH A COMPOSITE SUPPORT STRIP|
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