• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Construction element for the production of a tunnel, comprising a first incompressible concrete layer (6) and a compressible second layer (7) integral with the first layer (6) to form a monoblock prefabricated construction element configured to be integrated into a section of the tunnel during the realization of the tunnel, the second layer (7) comprising a plurality of devices (8) each having a solid body (9) incorporating a void space (10).
    公开号:FR3021346A1
    申请号:FR1401156
    申请日:2014-05-21
    公开日:2015-11-27
    发明作者:Jean Simon
    申请人:CONST MECANIQUES CONSULTANTS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to the construction of tunnels, in particular tunnels. underground, and the construction elements of such tunnels. State of the art In the field of tunnels, a cavity is, in general, dug underground, then a tunnel is formed in this cavity using voussoirs. The voussoirs correspond to constituent elements of an annular section of the tunnel, once assembled together. When one digs the cavity in the ground, one modifies the balance of the ground and this one exerts more or less intense thrusts which tend to close the cavity thus created, one calls this phenomenon "the convergence of the ground". French patent application FR1200989, which discloses a field convergence damping system comprising a coating covering an outer wall of a tunnel and which comprises devices each provided with a through hole. These devices with opening hole create a free space within the coating, noted residual volume, which contributes, in particular, to the damping of the convergence of the ground. In particular, the thrust of the ground tends to occupy the residual volume, that is to say the volume left unoccupied by the devices, which helps dampen the thrust. But to achieve the coating, we must inject the devices in a space defined between the outer wall of the tunnel and the inner wall of the ground. However, during the construction of the tunnel, elements of the ground can agglutinate in the defined space and obstruct the injection of the devices, which can prevent the devices from being arranged homogeneously around the outer wall of the tunnel .
    [0002] There may also be mentioned British patent application GB 2013757 which discloses a method of producing a tunnel from prefabricated concrete segments. Before being used for the realization of the tunnel, each prefabricated concrete segment comprises a layer of a compressible material, such as a polyethylene foam, glued on the outer surface of the voussoir. But the foam is not stable and can disintegrate over time, resulting in a loss of its mechanical properties of compression and deformation. In addition, such a plastic foam can be polluting.
    [0003] It is therefore advantageous to provide a construction element suitable for tunnel construction, and a tunnel made from such an element, and in particular to provide methods of manufacturing such an element and such a tunnel.
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and in particular to provide a means easy to implement and implement to dampen the convergence of a terrain exerted on a tunnel. According to one aspect, there is provided a construction element for the realization of a tunnel, comprising a first incompressible layer of concrete and a second compressible layer secured to the first layer to form a monobloc prefabricated construction element configured to be integrated in a section of the tunnel.
    [0005] The second layer comprises a plurality of devices each having a solid body incorporating a void space. Thus, there is provided a prefabricated building element adapted to make a section of a tunnel. Such a monoblock construction element is easy to handle and its manufacture can be controlled so as to obtain a homogeneous tunnel section, in order to control the behavior of the tunnel facing the convergence of the terrain. In addition, the voids of the devices determine the compressibility of the second layer. In other words the empty spaces allow the ground to converge and unload the stresses exerted on the first layer. The second layer may comprise devices each provided with a through hole. The second layer may also comprise devices whose solid body delimits at least one closed cavity. The solid body of the devices can be made of ceramic. The solid body of the devices may be coated with an adhesive film to secure the devices to the first layer. The adhesive film can be made from a mortar. The construction element may further include a third protective layer on the second layer. Thus, the second layer is protected to maintain its integrity, for example during the transport of the construction element before it is placed in a section of the tunnel. According to another aspect, there is provided a tunnel located inside a cavity dug in a field, at least one section of the tunnel being made from at least one two-layer construction element such as defined above.
    [0006] Each two-layer building element may comprise a third protective layer located on the second layer, and the tunnel may comprise a filling product occupying a free space delimited between the third protective layer and the ground.
    [0007] According to another aspect, there is provided a method of producing a construction element for the realization of a tunnel, comprising the following steps: producing a first incompressible layer of concrete; and providing a second compressible layer integral with the first layer to form a one-piece prefabricated building element configured to be integrated into a section of the tunnel. In this method, the second layer is produced from a plurality of devices each having a solid body incorporating a void space. The second layer may comprise devices each provided with a through hole and / or devices whose solid body delimits at least one closed cavity.
    [0008] The production of the second layer may comprise the following steps: coating the solid body of the devices with an adhesive film; and - pour the coated devices on the first layer.
    [0009] The method may also include a protection step in which a third protective layer is provided on the second layer.
    [0010] According to yet another aspect, there is provided a method for producing a tunnel comprising the following steps: forming a cavity in a terrain using a tunnel boring machine; forming sections of the tunnel located inside the cavity, at least one section being made from at least one two-layer construction element, as defined above, as and when the progress tunnel boring machine. Each two-layer construction element may comprise a third protective layer on the second layer, and a free space defined between the third protective layer and the ground may be filled with a filler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given as non-restrictive examples and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 schematically shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a tunnel according to the invention; FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a construction element according to the invention; FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a state of equilibrium after convergence of the terrain; Figure 4 schematically illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a device with a through hole; Figure 5 schematically illustrates a sectional view of the device of Figure 4; FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a view from above of another embodiment of a device provided with a through-hole; Figure 7 schematically illustrates a sectional view along the axis A-A of Figure 6; Figure 8 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a construction element; FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a mode of embodiment of a device provided with a closed cavity; Figure 10 schematically illustrates a sectional view of the device of Figure 9; Figure 11 schematically illustrates a left front view of the device of Figure 9; Figures 12 to 18 schematically illustrate the main steps of an embodiment of a method of producing a construction element; FIG. 19 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a tunneling machine carrying out the tunnel of FIG. 1; and FIG. 20 schematically illustrates a sectional view of a detail of FIG. 19. Detailed Description Generally, although the present invention provides particular advantages in the tunnel field, it is also applicable to any system which is made in an underground cavity and which is configured to withstand the convergence of the ground, for example receptacles or tanks partially or completely buried. In FIG. 1, there is shown a tunnel 1 made in a cavity 2 dug in a terrain 3, in other words an underground tunnel. The tunnel 1 can be open and have an inverted U shape, it can also be closed and have an ovoid shape, or any other shape. Preferentially, the tunnel 1 has a generally tubular shape. The tunnel 1 comprises sections 4 located within the cavity 2. At least one section 4, and preferably each section 4, is made from construction elements 5 assembled together. At least one construction element 5 comprises a first incompressible layer 6 of concrete. For example, when the sections 4 of the tunnel 1 have an annular shape, the first layer 6 has a shape of a curved hexahedron. In addition, the construction element 5 comprises a second compressible layer 7 integral with the first layer 6 to form a prefabricated building element 5 of the monobloc type. The construction element 5 is prefabricated, that is to say that it is produced before the tunnel 1 is made. In other words, the construction element 5 is previously produced, then several elements of construction 5 between them so as to achieve a section 4 of the tunnel 1. Thus, it is avoided to achieve a damping coating by injection of material between a voussoir and the ground 3. In effect, the construction element 5 incorporates previously a compressible layer 7, and therefore has an integrated mechanical damping property. Furthermore, the term monoblock element, a movable element that retains its physical integrity and its mechanical properties during transport, for example when moving the element from its manufacturing area to the location of section 4 of the tunnel 1 where it is placed. In other words, the building element 5 is configured to be integrated in a section 4 of the tunnel 1, and in particular in a section 4 which is in progress. In general, the second layer 7 comprises several devices 8, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 8, each having a solid body 9 incorporating a void space. By a void space integrated in a body, there is meant a closed or open cavity delimited by the body of the device. The second layer 7 is compressible, that is to say that it can deform during the convergence of the terrain 3. In particular, the devices 8 have a solid body 9 deformable. That is to say that the devices can deform, breaking or bending, thanks in particular to their empty space 10, to allow the deformation of the second layer 7. In addition, the second layer 7 has interstices 7a, that is to say empty spaces, located between the devices 8. Thus, there is provided a compressible layer 7 having a residual volume, constituted by the sum of the empty spaces of each of the devices 8 and the interstices 7a, which offers a property of damping of the convergence of the ground 3. In fact, in the initial state, the ground 3 exerts an initial convergence pressure on the tunnel 1. Due to the movements of the ground 3, this one will have tendency to converge towards the interior of the cavity 2. Thus, the deformation of the devices 8 will allow a progressive approximation of the ground 3 towards the interior of the tunnel 1, until the ground 3 occupies a state of equilibrium. In the equilibrium state, the convergence pressure is lower than the initial pressure. The second compressible layer 7 thus makes it possible to damp the convergence of the ground to a state of equilibrium for which the convergence pressure is supported by the construction element 5, that is to say that the first incompressible layer 6 does not break under the convergence pressure at equilibrium. For example, the devices 8 may be made of ceramic. The ceramic provides good resistance while being breakable to effectively damp the convergence of the ground 3. When the bodies 9 of the devices 8 break, the ground 3 can converge to the interior of the tunnel 1. The devices 8 can also be made in glass, cement, or mortar which are, like the ceramic, materials that can be broken under the effect of the convergence of the ground 3. Alternatively, the devices 8 can be made of metal, or plastic, deformable .
    [0011] When the devices 8 have a deformable body, they also make it possible to damp the convergence of the ground. FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment, in which devices 8, of the second compressible layer 7, each comprise a body 9 provided with a through-hole 10 (illustrated later in FIGS. 4 to 7). FIG. 2 also shows the construction element 5 integrated into a section of a tunnel. The prefabricated building element 5 is in one piece and comprises the first concrete layer 6 and the second compressible layer 7 formed by the devices 8. When the first layer 6 has a curved hexahedral shape, the construction element 5 then forms a voussoir with a compressible portion 7 configured to produce an annular section of the tunnel 1. The thickness E of the second layer 7 is chosen as a function of the damping of the convergence of the terrain 3 that is desired. In particular, the thickness E is chosen as a function of the displacement of the ground 3, with respect to its initial position, which can be supported by the construction element 5. In the initial position, the ground 3 is at an initial distance Gi of the outer surface of the first layer 6. The initial distance Gi corresponds to the sum between the initial thickness E of the second layer 7, the thickness of the third protective layer 12, and the thickness of the free space F. In addition, the thickness E also depends on the compressibility of the devices 8. Moreover, the devices 8 are coated with an adhesive film 11 to secure them to the first layer 6. In particular the adhesive layer 11 makes it possible to secure the devices 8 between them and the first layer of concrete 6. In this way, the construction element 5 is monobloc and it is movable to be integrated in the section of the tunnel during its formation. The adhesive film 11 preferably comprises mortar which effectively adheres to the first layer of concrete 6. The mortar comprises, for its part, cement, sand and water. The mortar is curable and hardens to agglutinate the devices 8 between them and allow the devices to adhere to the first layer 6. In particular, the adhesive film 11 coats the outer surface of the device 8, without obstructing the through hole 10. Other adhesive elements may be used to coat the devices 8, for example an epoxy resin glue, etc.
    [0012] Advantageously, the construction element 5 may comprise a third protective layer 12 located on the second layer 7. More particularly, the third protective layer 12 is a thin layer with respect to the first and second layers 6, 7. , the third protective layer 12 is bonded to the second layer 7 to make it mechanically secured to the second layer 7. The third protective layer 12 protects the second layer 7 from shocks, for example during the handling of the element 5, in order to prevent the bodies 9 of the devices 8 from being broken, in particular those which are situated at the periphery of the construction element 5. In general, when the section of a tunnel is made, a free space F is generally created between the inner surface of the cavity and the outer surface of the tunnel section, i.e. the outer surface of the building element 5. When the 5 does not include a third protective layer, the outer surface of the section corresponds to the outer surface of the second layer 7, as illustrated in FIG. 8. When the construction element 5 comprises a third protective layer 12, the outer surface is that of the third protective layer 12, as shown in Figure 2. Now, so that the ground 3 does not collapse in the free space F and does not break the section, it injects a filler 23, such as mortar or gravel, to fill this free space F. In the case where the second layer 7 comprises devices 8 with opening hole 10, there is disposed on the second layer 7, a third layer of protection 12 which is further sealed to the filling product 23 used to fill the free space F. In this case, the third protective layer 12 makes it possible, in particular, to prevent the holes emerging from the first layers of d The third protective layer 12 prevents the mortar or gravel from entering the through holes 10, which would reduce the damping properties of the building elements 5. The third protective layer 12 allows to isolate the second compressible layer 7 of the filling product 23. The third protective layer 12 thus preserves the residual volume before deformation of the second layer 7, which guarantees the damping of the convergence of the ground 3. The third layer protection 12 may be plastic or be made of mortar.
    [0013] When the ground 3 converges, as shown in Figure 3, the second compressible layer 7 is deformed and allows a displacement of the ground 3 towards the center of the tunnel. The ground 3 can break or deform the devices 8, until reaching a state of equilibrium in which the ground 3 is at an equilibrium distance Ge of the external surface of the first layer 6. The equilibrium distance Ge is less than the initial distance Gi. The breaking strength of the devices 8 is less than the ground convergence pressure so as to allow the devices 8 to be crushed. The broken devices are represented by reference 8a. In other words, the devices 8 may comprise, all or some of them, a state in which they are broken. This makes it possible to absorb the displacements of the ground 3 without damaging the tunnel. FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrate two embodiments of a device 8 provided with a through-hole 10 that can be used in the second compressible layer 7 of the construction element 5. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the device 8 has a tube shape comprising a through hole 10 corresponding to an obviously along a longitudinal axis Al of the tube. The device 8 may also comprise several through holes, and preferably each device 8 has a single through hole to facilitate its realization. Advantageously, each device 8 in the form of a tube has a height H, an outside diameter d1 and an inside diameter d2. Preferably, the height H is equal to the outside diameter d1, in particular to obtain a second layer 7 having a substantially constant thickness E. These dimensions allow the tubular devices 8 to support a calculated load before failure. The device 8 is also coated with an adhesive film 11a which surrounds the outer surface of the device 8. According to the method of coating, an adhesive film 11b can be deposited on the inner wall of the opening hole 10 without obstructing it. Indeed, one can, for example, pour the devices 8 in mortar and use a sieve to remove the excess mortar. In this case, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, a mortar film 11a coats the outer surface of the devices and another mortar film 11b adheres to the inner wall of the through hole 10 without obstructing it. According to another embodiment, the opening hole 10 is isolated from the devices 8, and the external surface of the devices 8 is coated with an adhesive layer 11. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. not coated with an adhesive layer, which guarantees a greater empty space within the devices.
    [0014] FIGS. 6 and 7 show another embodiment of a device 8 having a through hole 10 in the form of a ring. The ring may be toric and may have a circular section as shown in Figure 6. A ring may have a diameter of torus ds and an inner diameter di. In this embodiment, the adhesive film 11 surrounds the outer surface of the body 9 of the device 8, partially penetrating the through hole 10, without obstructing it. Preferably, the devices (tubes or rings) disposed within the second layer 7 are all substantially identical in order to obtain a second homogeneous layer 7. In other words, they can not fit into each other. The second layer 7 preferably comprises devices 8 having a generally tubular shape since they are easier to produce than the devices 8 of generally annular shape. Figure 8 shows another embodiment of the second layer 7 compressible. In this other embodiment, devices 8 each comprise a solid body 9 delimiting at least one closed cavity (illustrated later in FIGS. 9 to 11). The construction element 5 is in one piece and comprises the first concrete layer 6 and the second compressible layer 7 formed by the devices 8. In this embodiment, it is not necessary for the construction element 5 to comprise a third In fact, the body 9 of the devices 8 delimiting one or more closed cavities prevents mortar or gravel injected into the free space F from penetrating into these cavities. The construction element 5 may, nevertheless, comprise devices having a body defining one or more closed cavities and a third protective layer 12 for protecting the second layer 7 during the displacement of the element 5, in particular for avoid breaking devices 8 during transport. In this case, the third protective layer 12 guarantees a seal to the second layer 7, preventing the filling product 23 from filling the interstices 7a. Figures 9 to 11 illustrate an embodiment of a device 8, the body 9 defines at least one closed cavity 10. Preferably, the device 8 has a solid body 9 ceramic. The ceramic is adapted to produce these devices 8, because it is malleable before a cooking step so as to form the closed cavity 10 within the device 8, and because it becomes solid after cooking. By closed cavity 10 is meant a void space enclosed within the device 8. The solid body 9 of the device 8 is in particular liquid-tight, for example in the liquid-phase mortar before hardening. For example, the body 9 of the device 8 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the device 8 and has two closed ends 13, 14. The closed ends 13, 14 may each have a linear shape. In a first embodiment, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the ends 13, 14 are parallel to each other. Alternatively, the ends 13, 14 may be perpendicular to each other. For example, the body 9 of the device 8 has a cylindrical shape. Here, the term "cylinder" means a solid bounded by a cylindrical surface generated by a straight line, denoted generatrix, traversing a closed planar curve, denoted as a director, and two parallel planes intersecting the generatrices. In particular, the body 9 may have a shape of a tube. The device 8 may also comprise several cavities communicating with each other or not. Advantageously, the closed cavities 10 of the devices 8 prevent them from interlocking into each other, regardless of their size and shape. Alternatively, the construction element 5 comprises a second compressible layer 7 which may comprise both devices 8 each provided with a through hole 10, and devices 8 whose solid body 9 delimits at least one closed cavity 10 Figures 12 to 18 show the main steps of an embodiment of a method of producing a construction element 5 as defined above. In general, the construction element 5 is manufactured by performing the following steps: the first incompressible concrete layer 6 is produced; and from a plurality of devices 8 each having a solid body 9 incorporating a void space 10, the second compressible layer 7 integral with the first layer 6 to form a one-piece prefabricated building element 5 configured to be integrated into a section 4 of tunnel 1.
    [0015] The solid body 9 of the devices 8 are each provided with a through hole and / or whose body defines at least one closed cavity.
    [0016] For example, to produce the first layer 6 of concrete, an open and curved parallelepiped formwork 30 is used to form a voussoir shape, as illustrated in FIG. 12. As a variant, the formwork is open and not curved to make sections. tunnel of various shape, for example U or ovoid. Then liquid concrete 31 is poured into the formwork 30, as illustrated in FIG. 13. It is also possible to add metal bars in the liquid concrete 31 to obtain a first incompressible layer of reinforced concrete. Then a first template 32 is used which is placed on the surface of concrete 31 and is moved along the surface to form a curved outer surface. Concrete 31 is allowed to set, either completely and in this case the concrete has cured entirely, or partially, and in this case the concrete has not completely hardened but has sufficiently hardened at the surface to maintain the curvature given by the first template 32. Then the first template 32 is removed, thereby obtaining a first layer 6 whose base and outer surface are curved, as shown in FIG. 14. The solid bodies 9 of the devices 8 have been coated with the adhesive film 11. In addition, formwork elements 33 are fixed on the edges of the formwork 30 to enhance the formwork 30 and to be able to form the second layer 7, as illustrated in FIG. 15. Then, pouring into the formwork 30, and more particularly on the outer surface of the first layer 6, the coated devices 34. According to one embodiment, when the coated devices 34 are poured, the concrete of the first layer has not completely hardened. In this embodiment, an adhesive layer 11 is used made of mortar which will adhere to the outer surface of the first layer 6 which has not yet fully cured. Alternatively, it can be expected that the concrete has fully hardened and then poured the devices 8. In this variant, we will use an adhesive layer 11 made from an adhesive, for example an epoxy resin-based adhesive which adheres with a hard concrete surface. In addition, when the adhesive film 11 comprises a mortar, the coated devices 34 of the mortar are poured onto the first layer 6 before the mortar hardens. The mortar is then allowed to harden in order to secure the second compressible layer 7 to the first layer 6. Next, a second template 35 is used which is moved on the surface of the coated devices 34 in order to form a curved outer surface on the second layer 7, as illustrated in Figure 15. Then the adhesive layer 11 is allowed to adhere so that the devices are bonded together and to make the second layer 7 integral with the first layer 6. Then the second template 35 is removed and a prefabricated monobloc element 5 is obtained, surrounded by the formwork 30, illustrated in FIG. 16. As a variant, it is possible to produce, as illustrated in FIG. 17, a third protective layer, by casting mortar 36 on the second layer 7 and moving a third jig 37 to bend the outer surface of the third layer. Then, the shuttering 30 and the shuttering elements 33, and if necessary the third template 37, are removed to obtain the one-piece prefabricated building element 5, as illustrated in FIG. 18. In FIGS. 19 and 20, FIGS. an embodiment of an embodiment of the tunnel 1 described above in Figure 1. According to this embodiment, a TBM 15 hollow cavity 2 in the ground 3 along the F1 direction. The front of the tunnel boring machine 20 is equipped with means 21 ensuring the felling of the rock of the ground 3 and includes means for extracting the rock, not shown for purposes of simplification. Part of the tunneling machine 15 ensures the implementation of the construction elements 5 as the tunneling machine 15 progresses along the F1 direction. In addition, the TBM 15 comprises injection means 22 for injecting a filler 23, for example mortar or gravel, to fill the free space F delimited between the building elements 5 and the inner wall of the cavity 2, formed by the progress of the TBM 15. The arrow, indicated by the reference F2, illustrates the path taken by the filling product 23 during its injection. The injection of the filling product 23 makes it possible to form a filler layer to occupy the free space F between the building elements 5 and the ground 3. In general, the tunnel production method comprises the following steps: the cavity 2 in the ground 3 using the TBM 15; forming sections 4 of the tunnel 1 located inside the cavity 2, at least one section 4 being made from at least one construction element 5, as defined above, as and when the progress of the tunnel borer 15. More particularly, during the production of a section 4 of the tunnel 1, a free space F delimited between the outer wall of the tunnel 1 and the inner wall of the cavity 2 is kept, to place the elements of construction to form the section 4 of the tunnel 1. Then we fill the free space F with the filling product 23. The construction element which has just been described makes it easier to build a tunnel while ensuring a damping of the convergence of the terrain in which the tunnel is located. In addition, it offers a better control of the tunnel construction process. Such a construction element reduces the thickness of a classic voussoir, which greatly reduces the amount of concrete needed to build the tunnel.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Construction element for the production of a tunnel, comprising a first incompressible concrete layer (6) and a compressible second layer (7) integral with the first layer (6) to form a monoblock prefabricated construction element configured to be integrated into a section of the tunnel, characterized in that the second layer (7) comprises a plurality of devices (8) each having a solid body (9) incorporating a void space (10).
    [0002]
    2. Construction element according to claim 1, wherein devices (8) are each provided with a through hole (10).
    [0003]
    3. Construction element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein devices (8) have a solid body (9) delimiting at least one closed cavity (10).
    [0004]
    4. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solid body (9) of the devices (8) is made of ceramic.
    [0005]
    5. Element of construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solid body (9) of the devices (8) is coated with an adhesive film (11) for securing the devices (8) to the first layer ( 6).
    [0006]
    6. Construction element according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive film (11) comprises mortar.
    [0007]
    7. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a third protective layer (12) on the second layer (7).
    [0008]
    8. Tunnel located inside a cavity (2) hollowed out in a ground (3), at least one section of the tunnel being made from at least one two-layer construction element (6, 7) according to one of claims 1 to 6.
    [0009]
    Tunnel according to Claim 8, in which each two-layer construction element (6, 7) comprises a third protective layer (12) located on the second layer (7), and a filling product occupies a defined free space. between the third protective layer (12) and the ground (3).
    [0010]
    10. A method of producing a construction element for the realization of a tunnel, comprising the following steps: producing a first layer (6) incompressible concrete; and providing a compressible second layer (7) secured to the first layer (6) to form a one-piece prefabricated building element configured to be integrated into a section of the tunnel; characterized in that the second layer (7) is made from a plurality of devices each having a solid body incorporating a void space.
    [0011]
    The method of claim 10, wherein the body of the devices (8) has a through hole (10).
    [0012]
    12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein devices (8) have a solid body (9) delimiting at least one closed cavity (10).
    [0013]
    13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein, the realization of the second layer (7) comprises the following steps: coating the solid body of the devices with an adhesive film (11); and - pour the coated devices on the first layer (6).
    [0014]
    14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, comprising a protective step in which there is a third protective layer (12) on the second layer (7).
    [0015]
    15. A method of producing a tunnel comprising the following steps: forming a cavity in a terrain using a tunnel boring machine; forming sections of the tunnel located inside the cavity, at least one section being made from at least one two-layer building element (6, 7) according to one of claims 1 to 7 as and when as the tunnel boring machine progresses.
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    EP3146155A2|2017-03-29|
    AU2019283806A1|2020-01-16|
    RU2016149893A|2018-06-26|
    JP2017516937A|2017-06-22|
    US10774640B2|2020-09-15|
    RU2016149893A3|2018-06-26|
    WO2015177463A2|2015-11-26|
    AU2019283806B2|2021-04-01|
    US20170167261A1|2017-06-15|
    CA2949647A1|2015-11-26|
    JP2020056304A|2020-04-09|
    AU2015263203A1|2016-12-15|
    WO2015177463A3|2016-02-04|
    CN106460510A|2017-02-22|
    FR3021346B1|2016-07-29|
    CN106460510B|2020-09-15|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1401156A|FR3021346B1|2014-05-21|2014-05-21|CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL|FR1401156A| FR3021346B1|2014-05-21|2014-05-21|CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A TUNNEL, TUNNEL COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A ELEMENT AND SUCH A TUNNEL|
    AU2015263203A| AU2015263203A1|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    PCT/FR2015/051318| WO2015177463A2|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    EP15732774.3A| EP3146155A2|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    JP2017513357A| JP2017516937A|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Building elements for making tunnels, tunnels comprising such elements, and methods for building such elements and such tunnels|
    CN201580026159.3A| CN106460510B|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for constructing tunnel, tunnel comprising same and construction method thereof|
    US15/312,947| US10774640B2|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    RU2016149893A| RU2689964C2|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating tunnel, tunnel comprising such element, and methods of constructing such element and such tunnel|
    CA2949647A| CA2949647A1|2014-05-21|2015-05-20|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    AU2019283806A| AU2019283806B2|2014-05-21|2019-12-17|Construction element for creating a tunnel, tunnel comprising such an element and methods for constructing such an element and such a tunnel|
    JP2019230834A| JP2020056304A|2014-05-21|2019-12-20|Constructing element for making tunnel, tunnel comprising such element, and method of constructing such element and such tunnel|
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