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    Method for diagnosing the diazotrophic state of arable soils and advocating fertilization of the current crop comprising; ? only one autumn survey of the mineral nitrogen content (Nm) of the soil surface by soil sampling, without having to take the entire rooting zone and / or the vadose zone for analysis; ? an integral index consisting of a numerical sum indicative of the incidence of post - burial time units of soil cellulosic residues (RCsol) plus, or minus, favorable, as the case may be, to a maximum of diazotrophic activity ( Nif) soil bacteria; ? a recommendation concerning the rationing of the previously calculated dose X (dX). and four steps; (ix) determination of meteorology affecting the kinetics of Nm concentrations in the upper vadose zone of the soil by rainfall generation from monthly climatic averages, (x) followed by milli-molarity (mM) in Nm of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of RCsol as a function of the number of days post-burial (jpe), (xi) quantification of the negative feedback by Nm of the diazotrophy (Nif) of the bacterial flora of the soil in relation to its maximum activity according to the above-mentioned mM Nm of the soil solution, and (xii) integration over time (jpe) of the fraction of the diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the flora bacterial soil relative to its maximum when the mM of the Nm of the soil solution = 0.00.
    公开号:FR3020876A1
    申请号:FR1401033
    申请日:2014-05-06
    公开日:2015-11-13
    发明作者:Pierre Philippe Claude
    申请人:Polyor Sarl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION DIAGNOSTIC TITLE OF THE DIAZOTROPHE CONDITION OF ARABLE SOILS AND PRECONIZATION OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF FERTILIZERS N TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION Agronomy, fertilization of agronomic crops, and soil microbiology applicable to carbon and nitrogen dynamics, particularly in the presence of cellulosic culture residues. It is also about computer science and dynamic modeling of soil / plant processes, especially in the presence of major agronomic crops. STATE OF THE ART Controlling the nitrogen fertilization of field crops requires the preliminary calculation of a certain dose of fertilizer N (nitrogen), called "dose X", or here dX. This calculation has traditionally involved an estimate of nitrogen supplies from mineralization of organic matter and soil cellulosic crop residues (RCsol). In the presence of various types of biofertilizations, especially azotobacterial (AZB) of these RCsol, this dX is sometimes reduced, rationed so. However, reasoned fertilization of nitrogen with intra - seasonal control (FRANPIS), which is particularly important during AZB of RCsol and / or rationing of dX, is currently poorly perceived by users. Indeed, FRANPIS implies the rationing of the dX of the order of 20 to 40 NU, ration that will be reported in fine only if a certain measure of the nitrogenous state of the culture recommends it; if not, the user can ignore it. That said, this impasse is sometimes perceived as being able to do this to the detriment of a full protein yield; it is partly this perceived risk that makes FRANPIS unpopular among users.
    [0002] In the absence of such a FRANPIS, in the presence of AZB RCsol we often opt for a simple rationing of the dX of the order of twenty units of nitrogen. The AZB biofertilizer user should therefore be able to decide, without using FRANPIS, whether this rationing of dX is practicable without reducing the potential for crop yield and / or loss of efficacy of AZB; this is not the case today. Indeed, paradoxically, the rationing, blind in nature, of the dX, sometimes impaired the effectiveness of such AZB biofertilizations (see Claude and Fillion 2004, EP2223586A1, FR0900867), and thus causes a certain decrease, limited but nevertheless significant. , protein contents of cereal grains at harvest. this type of AZB biofertilization. In fact, during the winter inter - culture, from October to the end It would therefore be possible to adapt the calculation, or more precisely the rationing of the dX during February 2nd of the following year, for example this AZB may have contributed to increase, to "inflate" so, the reserves of N of diazotrophic origin (Nif); once re-released and mineralized in situ, this nitrogen can (it) contribute to the N feed of the crop. It is still necessary to be able to evaluate, objectively and more simply compared to the current FRANPIS, the extent of this "diazotrophic swelling" before opting, or not, for any rationing of the fertilizer dX N. AZB definitions: Azotobacterialization, usually here cellulosic soil residues (RCsol) - eg. Claude and Fillon 2004. biofertilization: inputs of active ingredients, chemical, mineral, organic and / or microbiological, not important, capable of having a weight effect on the production of biomass and / or the yield, disproportionate compared to its mass; the Anglo-Saxon term of "onput" as opposed to "input" is in this sense revealing. The supply of microorganisms by inoculation having been precursor, biofertilization has since been understood as synonymous with biofertilization. MDI: diazotolaryng index - the MDI consists of a numerical sum indicative of the incidence of post - burial time units of cellulosic soil residues (RCsol) plus, or minus, favorable, as the case may be, to a maximum of diazotrophic (Nif) activity of soil bacteria X dose (dX): dose X (kg-N, or "nitrogen units" / ha) - its calculation can be as simple as a [(coefficient use of the N specific to a variety of the crop x the yield objective) - the autumnal nitrogen residues over 60 cm], but also very complex and exhaustive including a host of operational writes and a certain balance sheet prediction of nitrogen (Cornifer 2013), most of these writings must ultimately be roughly estimated using more or less well-informed charts. RCsol: Cellulose residues on soil - These are advantageously mulch, including grain maize, although the RCsoils of sunflower and rapeseed crops also prove to be good substrates for AZB. Stics: Multidisciplinary Simulator for Standard Cultures - Brisson et al. 2008 / http://www6.paca.inra.fr/stics EPIC: Erosion productivity impact calculator - Williams 1990, Williams et al. 1995, 2000 / http://epicapex.tamu.edu/epic/ AGNPS: Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model - Bingner and Theurer 2009, Bingner et al. 2001 / http://go.usa.gov/KFO WXGN3020: Generator of meteorological data from monthly climatological data usable by the dynamic modelizations of types Stics, EPIC, AGNPS ... (Williams 1990, Williams et al. 2000) - http://epicapex.tamu.edu/downloads/model-executables/wxgn-v-3020/ MODWEC: generator (Liu et al., 2009) - meteorological data from climatological data complementary to WXGN3020 able to hold the thermal link between rainy days and minimum ambient temperature - http://www.eawag.ch/forschung/siam/software/modawec/index Nm: soil mineral nitrogen (kg-N / ha, mg-N / kg- sol) - this is usually the sum of the nitric (NO3-) and ammoniacal (NH4 +) Nif (NIF, nif) species: alias nitrogenase, the enzyme complex involved in the reduction of diatomic nitrogen; here Nif refers to the diazotrophic activity of soil bacteria FRANPIS: rational fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer inputs with intra - seasonal control - This approach is now declined under several names, eg. JubilTm, N-TesterTM, etc. inter-culture: period between the harvest of an agronomic crop and the start of the next crop. In the case of a winter grain crop such as wheat, this is the period between the fall sowing, after burial of the crop residues on the ground, and the winter exit before the intake of the first crop. fraction, N1, of the dX. jpe: post-burial days (culture residues (cellulosic) from the previous crop - These jpe will be used as a basis for calculating the incidence of post-burial time units of cellulosic residues on soil (RCsol) plus, or less, favorable, as the case may be, to a maximum of diazotrophic activity (Nif) of soil bacteria Vadose (zone), or unsaturated zone: part of the soil and / or subsoil located at the interface between In this zone, the soil pores are partially filled with water (with the exception of the capillary fringe) and with gas (usually with air), unlike the zone saturated with water. (or aquifers), in which the entire porous system is filled with water (source: Wikipedia).
    [0003] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Technical problem The technical problem can be summed up, in the absence of real FRANPIS protocols easily implemented by the users, namely how to recommend a non-counterproductive rationing of the dX, especially in the presence of AZB of RCsol. This dX nevertheless remains pre - calculated conventionally (eg Comifer 2013), but its aforementioned rationing will have to do this without affecting the yield potential, the protein content and / or the quality of the grains, or more generally of the crop; this rationing of dX will no longer have to affect the relative effectiveness of a possible AZB of RCsol. Technical solution As a technical solution I propose instead of rationing the dose X fertilizer, to recalculate it by integrating, not the supply of soil in Nm via the mineralization of humus, but rather depending on the The intra - seasonal reserve of Nm depends on the immobilization of Nm during inter - culture, but also and above all on a certain reserve of N of diazotrophic origin. This dX will be established shortly before the contribution of N1, the first fraction of the dX brought as soon as the winter release. Thus, the rationing of the dX, if there is rationing sought (escustered) by users of AZB RCsol, it will therefore in full knowledge of the facts, and on the basis of some "swelling" of this winter nitrogen reserve of diazotrophic origin. A priori, to evaluate this contribution of AZB would require two samples of the mineral nitrogen (Nm) contents of soils, one in autumn, and the other at the end of winter. However, it turns out that this diazotrophic contribution is dependent on agro - climatic conditions, and can therefore be advantageously modeled on such data (Jego et al., 2012); these estimates could thus replace a second soil sample at the end of winter, which, in addition, will make this new calculation of the dose X all the more simple. Instead, and more simply, it is proposed here to determine in the fall, and in the fall, the Nm contents of the soil, instead of the most usual determination of the soil contents in Nm in "out of 'Winter' as proposed by the Comifer 2013. This autumnal determination of Nm has the advantage of being logistically simpler, ie the winter Nm determinations often make it in a hurry, thus encumbering the chains of analyzes of commercial laboratories already overloaded at this time of the year. The recommendations for rationing, or not rationing, pre - calculated dX according to Comifer (2013) will thus be more serene. It is therefore no longer a question of assuring FRANPIS during the azotobacterisation of cellulosic residues on the soil, but of adjusting dX according to a certain contribution of the diazotrophic potential of the soil during interculture. This avoids having to calculate dose X on the basis of hypothetical N supplies by mineralization of soil organic matter. Since AZB has also participated in the immobilization of Nm, the calculated DX can only be adapted to this new situation. As a result, the rationing of dX in the presence of AZB will no longer be done blindly, which can only contribute to the effectiveness of this new biofertilization. - 4 - Concretely, it is thus a method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the culture in course including; D only a single autumn survey of the mineral nitrogen (Nm) content of the soils at the surface by soil sampling, therefore without having to take the entire rooting zone and / or the vadose zone for analysis; D an integral index, referred to here as an example diazotolary index (DMI), consisting of a numerical sum indicative of the incidence of post - burial time units of residues cellulosic culture on the ground (RCsol) plus, or less, favorable, as the case may be, to a maximum of diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the soil bacteria; > a recommendation concerning the rationing of the previously calculated dose X (dX). and therefore four main stages; (i) determining the meteorology affecting the kinetics of mineral N (Nm) concentrations in the upper vadose zone of the soil by generating rainfall from monthly climatic averages, (ii) monitoring the milli - molarity (mM) in Nm of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of soil cellulosic culture residues (RCsol), as a function of the number of days post - burial (jpe), (iii) quantifying the degree of negative feedback by Nm of the diazotrophy (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora relative to its maximum activity according to the above-mentioned mM Nm of the soil solution, and (iv) the integration through the time (jpe), advantageously and by way of example by summation, of daily increments (jpe) of the fraction, advantageously expressed as a percentage, of the diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora with respect to its maximum when the milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen of the soil solution, mM - Nm, = 0.00 (i.e. % NlFinax) - The determination of the meteorology affecting the kinetics of mineral nitrogen (Nm) in the upper slice of the soil vadose zone by generating rainfall from monthly climatic averages can be performed as follows; D take a sample of soil before sowing the winter crop; advantageously this parcel receives the RCsol of the preceding culture, the IDM being particularly useful in this sense, especially if these RCsol are (azoto) bacteriocidal and buried in the sense of Claude and Fillion 1994 for example; D to analyze for its mineral nitrogen content (Nm) said sample; these analyzes are routine in most agricultural analysis laboratories (eg, www.sadef.fr), and here must include the values for the water content (eg%, or mm), the depth (cm) of the topsoil sampled and its apparent density (eg g / cm3); - 5 -> record monthly climatology for the nearest weather station; these readings will include the monthly average minimum temperatures, the monthly accumulations of the rainfall, and advantageously the number of rainy days for each month> generate the daily meteorology; to do this there are many "stochastic generators", eg. WXGN320 (Williams 1990, Williams et al., 1995, 2000), or in combination with MODAWEC (Liu et al., 2008, 2009), which can in this sense "convert" these monthly average climatic values into daily meteorology; The determination of the kinetics of the mineral nitrogen (Nm) in the upper slice of the soil vadose zone by generating rainfall from monthly climatic averages is performed only for the topsoil surface to a depth of 0 to 50 , more particularly from 0 to 40 cm, and advantageously from 0 to 30 cm.
    [0004] Monitoring the milli - molarity (mM) in Nm of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of the cellulosic soil culture residues (RCsol), as a function of the number of days post - burial ( jpe) can be performed as follows; D daily calculate the concentration of the soil solution using the aforementioned meteorology and analyzes of the mineral nitrogen of the autumnal earth; To do this, there are models of computerized and fairly elaborate soil / plant processes (eg Stics - Brisson et al., 2008 / http://www6.paca.inra.fr/stics, EPIC - Williams 1990, Williams et al. 1995, 2000 / http://epicapex.tamu.edu/epic/, or AGNPS - Bingner and Theurer 2009, Bingner et al 2001 / http://go.usa.gov/KFO). However, since the commercial use of these softwares is restricted, it will be necessary to develop from these applications "meta - models" summarizing with the help of multi - variable equations containing the aforesaid variables (ie contents in Nm of the soil, rainfall totals, soil clay contents, etc.); The quantification of the degree of negative feedback by Nm of the diazotrophy (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora with respect to its maximum activity according to the above-mentioned mM Nm of the soil solution can be carried out as a result; Apply this concentration, this milli - molarity, in the mineral nitrogen of the soil solution to an empirical equation describing the decreasing activity of the diazotrophy in response to an increase in the ambient milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen; a percentage of the maximum Nif diazotrophic activity is thus obtained when said milli - molarity in Nm of the soil solution (mM - Nm) is zero; Finally, integration over time (jpe), advantageously and by way of example by summation, of daily increments (jpe) of the fraction, advantageously expressed as a percentage, of the diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the flora Bacterial soil relative to its maximum when the milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen of the soil solution, mM - Nm, ez 0.00 (ie% NIFmax) can be performed as follows; > sum up the percentages,% NlFmax, over a certain period, called inter - culture, after the autumn burial of the cellulosic culture residues, advantageously (azoto) bacteri - tized; this sum, generally from October to the end of February / beginning of March (eg here 144 days after burial (jpe)) is called diazoto - molar index or IDM. In fine, it is therefore a method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and the recommendation of the fertilization of the current crop according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the recommendation concerning rationing The previously calculated dose X (dX) is made from the diagnosis of the soil diazotrophic state, in that the highest MDIs are indicative of a Nif activity of the bacterial populations of the soil. the intercrop capable of ensuring a reserve of nitrogen 15 of diazotrophic origin, this reserve being able to replenish appreciable quantities of mineralizable nitrogen as substitutes for a certain number of nitrogen units ( kg-N fertilizer N / ha) otherwise fed to the soil via dX, the dX can thus be rationed up to, generally and for example, about twenty units (kg-N / ha). Advantages and Inventive Activity When calculating and / or adjusting the dX, detect the incidence of Nif-inhibiting agro-soil conditions (situations) according to the concentration of the soil solution in mineral nitrogen, [Nm] , is unpublished. That said, the counting of such situations in normalized days Un) and on the basis of the soil solution (ie% water of macroporosity according to Stics) rather than per unit of dry soil is unexpected, such [Nm] always having was reported in terms of kg-Nm / ha or mg-Nm / kgsol as "residue" of Nm, the concentration and proportion of the soil solution in relation to the amount of dry soil having been considered as too variable in time and suddenly too inconvenient to express such remnants / [Nm]. However, it is indeed the [Nm] of the soil solution, and no longer simply [Nm] per unit weight of soil, fresh or dry, that "live" AZB, the activity of the latter being here responsible for the eventual downward adjustment (reduction) of dose X (dX). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND FIGURES Figure 1: First step in the calculation of IDM; modeling the kinetics of mineral nitrogen in the soil vadose zone - generation of rainfall from monthly climatic averages. Here it is the period from 1st October 2012 to 30th September 2013 for a site in Alsace (68700 Aspach le Bas). The weather generators WXGN3020 40 (http://epicapex.tamu.edu/downloads/model-executables/wxgn-v-3020/) and MODWEC (Liu et al., 2009, http://www.eawag.ch/forschung/ siam / software / modawec / index) generates the incidence and quantity of rainfall events from a series of monthly statistics; the mean of the minimum and maximum daily minimum air temperatures, their standard deviations, the cumulative rainfall for the month, and the number of rainy days in the month. It is also possible to specify the transition probabilities W / VV and W / D, and a certain thunderstorm intensity index (WI). Here, the accumulations of observed daily data (cPluvio) from October 1st 2012 to September 30th 2013 are related to the cumulation of the same type of observation but simulated (cPRCP); in abysses the graphs for the intercultural periods from the 1st of October to the end of February of the following year, ie 151 days. It should be noted that even if there is no day-to-day correspondence (it is not a matter of meteorology but of climatology), the rainfall accumulations observed and simulated are relatively consistent.
    [0005] Figure 2:: Second step in the calculation of the IDM; monitoring of the (milli) molarity (mM) in N of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of soil-based crop residues (RCsol), or in relation to the number of days post-burial (jpe) . This mM is here calculated according to the soil contents in nitrates (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +), their apparent densities (DA, g / cm3), the depth (Z; cm) of the topsoil, or in this case 0 at 30 cm, as well as the water content, [H20], of this topsoil, or more precisely according to the following equation: aN031 / PMNO3 / DAz) / (Z / 10)) + ([NH4] / PMNE. 14 / DAz) / (Z / 10)) [H20] / 100 Figure 3: Third step in the calculation of IDM: quantify the degree of negative feedback of the diazotrophy in relation to its maximal activity The activity of the enzyme complex , the nitrogenase, or Nif, involved in bacterial diazotrophy is retroactively constrained by the nifLA operon, which results in a relatively rapid reduction in the rate of reduction of N2, or approximation of C2H2, a reduction easily described by a negative power function of type almM-Nrb here comprising data from published studies (Laane et al., 1980, Hartmann et al., 1986); setup will be tweaked using new data dedicated to the you time. Figure 4: Fourth step in the calculation of the IDM; incorporate in daily increments the percentage of NIF relative to its maximum when mM-N = 0.00. Over a period of the order of 5 to 6 months, for example 144 days post-burial (jpe) of the different crop residues (cellulosics) on the ground (RCsol) in October 2012 (see Figure 1). The IDM is therefore the sum, the cumulation, of these percentages with respect to the maximum Nif (% Nif Max). It should be noted that% Nif Max should not in principle exceed 100%, and that the ultimate value of IDM will depend on the integration period (cumulative); in this sense, an IDM between 5,000 and 10,000 is the most common. Ultimately, the more important the IDM, the larger the diazotrophic "bubble" will be, and the more the re-release of the nitrogen of diazotrophic origin to the soil / plant system will be important; if necessary, it is reasonable to believe that the calculated dose X (dX) can be rationed up to this intake of N of diazotrophic origin (see Figure 5).
    [0006] Figure 5: A first validation of the application of the IDM during the rationing of the dX; plots "undergoing", so, a rationing of the DX dose up to 20UN (Table 1) will be able to maintain their yield in winter wheat (BTH) only if the IDM is high. In the opposite case, the relative efficiency (er) of this dX - 20UN will be negative, or more exactly here below 1.00. In this sense, only the BTH plots of Trial A were able to undergo rationing of the dX without prejudice. In principle, this rationing of the dX will be especially recommended during the nitrogenization of RCsol, this practice having, in the eyes of the user, to generate savings of nitrogen advantageously discountable at the end of winter (see Figure 6) . (Numbers A, B, C, and D have buried soil culture residues of sunflower, wheat, rapeseed, and grain corn, respectively.) Figure 6: A second validation of IDM during azotobacterialization (AZB) ) RCsol; RCsol AZB often involves rationing dX. In principle this practice is not the most recommendable, but still remains popular with users. The IDM is calculated before the contribution of the first fraction of the dX, it is possible to know at that time whether it is advisable to ration this dX up to some 20UN or more. In this sense, five (5) farm plots in France were thus nitrogenized (Table 2), most often with a reduced dX; the relative effectiveness of these AZB was also a priori appreciable using IDM. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION For each parcel to be so diagnosed, it is necessary; a) take a sample of soil before sowing the winter crop; this parcel receives the RCsol of the preceding crop, the IDM being particularly useful in this sense, especially if these RCsol are (azoto) bacteriocidal and buried in the sense of Claude and Fillion 1994 for example; b) analyzing for its mineral nitrogen content (Nm) said sample; these analyzes are routine in most agricultural analysis laboratories (eg, www.sadef.fr), and here must include the values for the water content (eg%, or mm), the depth (cm) of the topsoil sampled and its apparent density (eg g / cm3); c) obtain the monthly climatological records for the nearest weather station; these readings will include monthly average minimum temperatures, monthly accumulations of rainfall, and advantageously the number of rainy days for each month; cl) generate daily meteorology; to do this there are stochastic generators, eg.
    [0007] WXGN320 (Williams 1990, Williams et al., 1995, 2000), or in combination MODAWEC (Liu et al., 2008, 2009) able to convert these monthly average climatic values into daily meteorology; e) calculate in daily increments the Nm concentration of the soil solution using the aforementioned meteorology and mineral nitrogen analyzes of the autumn soil using soil / plant process models such as Stics - Brisson et al. 2008 / http://www6.paca.inra.fr/stics, EPIC Williams 1990, Williams et al. 1995, 2000 / http://epicapex.tamu.edu/epic/, or AGNPS Bingner and Theurer 2009, Bingner et al. 2001 / http://go.usa.gov/KFO, or possible meta - models with multi - variable equations including the most important of the above pedoclimatic variables; f) applying this concentration (mM) of mineral nitrogen (Nm) of the soil solution to an empirical equation describing the decreasing activity of the diazotrophy in response to an increase in the ambient milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen; a percentage of the diazotrophic activity, Nif, is thus obtained when said milli - molarity is zero; (g) to sum these percentages,% NiFmax, over a certain period, called inter-culture. after fall burial RCsol, advantageously (azoto) bacterized; this sum, usually from October to the end of February / beginning of March (eg here 144 days post-burial Ope)) is called diazoto-molar index or IDM. h) to carry out the diagnostic recommendation, the highest IDM being indicative of a significant Nif activity throughout the inter-culture; if necessary, the nitrogen reserve of diazotrophic origin is important, this "bubble" can replenish appreciable amounts of mineralizable nitrogen that can replace a certain number of nitrogen units normally (otherwise) bring to the ground by the dose X; in other words, if the IDM is high, the dose X (dX) can be rationed, generally and as an example, about twenty units (kg-N / ha).
    [0008] BIOINDUSTRIAL AND AGRONOMIC APPLICATIONS The invention is particularly applicable to the calculation and the recommendation of N dX to large winter crops. It is particularly useful if there is azotobacterisation (AZB) of straw (cellulosic) crop residues on the soil. To illustrate this type of agronomic application of the invention, I therefore used two cases; a) one with a simple reduction (rationing) of the dX, and the other, b) with a dX thus rationed in the presence of AZB RCsol. a) rationing of the dX without agronomic performance Four (4) sets of six (6) agronomic plots of winter wheat (BTH) with different types of RCsol, A) sunflower, B) wheat, C) rapeseed and D) corn - grain were followed. These are essentially parcels paired with each other with and without rationing the dX to the level of 20 UN.
    [0009] The IDMs for each of these situations were calculated (Table 3, Figure 5) from the few variables provided by a simple soil analysis and some additional information (Table 1). The other variables needed to drive Stics for these four situations are those of a campaign BTH culture provided by way of example with the Stics executable (Brisson et al., 2008; http: //www6.paca.inra .com / stics). The climatological data fed to the daily meteorological generator (MODAWEC, Liu et al., 2008, 2009) to constitute the Stics climatological files are those of a weather station near Aspach-le-Bas (67800, France; Table 2) for the years 2012 and 2013; As an illustration, the cumulative rainfall totals (cPluvio) and generated (cPRCP) for the period October 2012 to September 2013 are compared graphically in Figure 1.
    [0010] As can be seen in Table 3 and Figure 5, the plots "undergoing", so, rationing the dose dX up to 20UN (Table 1) will be able to maintain their yield in winter wheat (BTH ) only if the IDM is relatively high. In the opposite case, the relative efficiency (er) of this dX - 20UN will be negative, or more exactly here below 1.00. In this sense, only the BTH plots of Trial A were able to undergo rationing of the dX without prejudice.
    [0011] TABLE 3 (Figure 5): Example of agronomic plots with different types of soil cellulosic crop residues (RCsol) prior to planting a BTH culture with and without the rationing of dX - note that efficacy, or more exactly the counter - productivity of this rationing is zero (ie, dX - 20UN k 1.0) than for the test with the highest IDM. Nb. Here, er is established for protein yields, i.e. grain yields x% protein of plots with and without said rationing of nitrogen unit (UN) dX. IDM 144 jpe er dX-20UN 6029 1.00 5452 0.95 5524 0.96 5511 0.94 b) efficiency of AZB of RCsol with rationing of the dX In principle, this rationing of the dX will be recommended above all during (AZB) of RCsol (eg Claude and Fillion 2004), this practice having to the eyes of the user, generate nitrogen savings advantageously discounted at the end of winter (see Figure 6). (Numbers A, B, C, and D have buried soil crop residues of sunflower, wheat, rapeseed, and grain corn, respectively.) So we followed five (5) farmer plots in terms of IDM and relative efficacy (er) of AZB of the different types of RCsol present on the soil before conventional seeding of a BTH. It is this time of "bands" paired with and without the RCsol AZB, the nitrogen bands having diX rationed from 10 to 20 N units (UN, kg-N / ha) (Table 6). . Values for the few pedological and cultural variables required for soil information, initialization and STICs are given in Table 4; the climatological data for the generation of the daily meteorological values are in Table 5. These are therefore BTH plots in the Toulouse / Agen region, the weather station from which the climatological data come are those of the meteorological station. Toulouse - Blagnac (31000, LATD 43:37:24 / LONG 01:22:42). The Stics and MODAWEC modeling procedures are the same as those for the previous case. Back RCsol A. sunflower B. BTH C. rape D. corn TABLE 1: Variable values for four (4) sets of six (6) plots of winter common wheat (WHB), including types of cellulosic crop residues ground (RCsol) and their dates (Julian days; dd) landfill in autumn 2012 (Alsace, France). As can be seen, the C / N ratios and apparent densities (DA, g / cm3) are not reported and have to be estimated. Depending on the case, these values are recorded in the Stics soil, planting and farming practices files (Brisson et al., 2008 / http://www6.paca.inra.fr/stics); the many other parametric values are those provided by way of example for wheat (wheat1years.xml) with the software installation kit. Finally, it should be noted that only mineral nitrogen contents, [Nm], of soil depths of 30 cm are necessary for the generation of IDM, the azotobacterial activity being generally limited to such depths. Trial 2013 RCsol buried on dd; pH% Clay Corg g / kg C / N soil [Nrn] 30cm kg / ha DA g / cm3% H20 10 19 1.35 18.6 10 32.4 1.35 20.3 10 39.7 1.35 20 , 1 10 43.8 1.35 20.4 TABLE 2: Monthly values for 2012 and 2013 for the different climate variables used to feed WXGN3020 (Williams 1990, Williams et al., 1995, 2000) and MODEWAC (Liu et al., 2008). , 2009) to generate the meteorological values (see Figure 1) for the Stics climatological files.
    [0012] 10 This is a weather station near Aspach-le-Bas (67800, France), approximate location of the four series of tests referenced in Table 1. (NB For each month, TMN and TMX - temperatures C average minimaxes, SDMN and SDMN - monthly deviations for TMN and TMX, PRCP - rainfall totals (mm), SDRF and SKRF - deviations and coefficients of asymmetries of monthly rainfall, PW / D and PW / VV - probabilities of dry days and rainy, respectively, following a rainy day, DAYP - number of rainy days in the month January February March April May June July August September October November December 4.94 0.9 14.5 13.43 20, 31 22.92 23.55 26.29 19.72 14.74 9.95 5.71 0.85 -5.97 1.81 4.52 9.52 12.2 13.68 14.26 9.65 7.61 3.92 3.95 3.09 6.89 4.28 4.72 4.56 4.71 4.33 4.61 3.91 5.58 3.64 4.6 3.8 5, 87 2.61 3.64 3.4 3.51 2.25 2.76 2.78 4.18 2.8 4.14 130.5 8 11.5 85.5 77.8 124.00 99 95 59 , 5 87.5 157.5 196 6.83 0.91 1.07 3.85 4.51 6.96 5.44 6.89 3, 56 5.08 7.81 7.95 1.73 3.61 3.39 1.21 2.64 2.2 2.77 2.65 1.92 2.29 1.3 1.27 0.37 0 , 06 0.09 0.37 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.62 0.31 0.34 0.62 0.6 0.63 0.6 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.61 0.66 4.94 0.9 14.5 13.43 20.31 22.92 23.55 26.29 19.72 14.74 9, 95 5.71 A sunflower 297 6.6 B wheat 297 5.3 C rapeseed 297 6.6 D grain corn 297 7.1 15 11.3 18 15.7 15 11.3 12.8 10.9 year 2012 TMX TMN SDMX SDMN PRCP SKF SDRF PWID PWIW DAYP January February March April May June July August September October November December 3.29 2.91 6.84 14.58 16.31 23.6 28.84 26.74 20.92 17 , 15 7.67 7.82 -0.89 -2.05 0.13 5.27 8.85 12.37 16.45 14.47 12.02 9.77 3.15 0.52 4.18 3 , 52 4.66 6.23 3.69 5.2 3.75 3.91 5.02 3.96 4.32 3.21 3.74 3.98 3.38 4.08 2.09 3.23 2.64 3.42 3.08 3.42 4.08 3.38 62.5 91 55 97 83.5 43 43.5 54 98 138.5 146.5 96.5 4.59 7.09 2, 58 6.38 3.85 3.21 3.28 3.82 7.29 4.3 6.88 7.15 3.13 3.68 1.96 1.91 2.02 3.09 2.3 2 , 32 2.77 0.45 1.31 3.2 0.3 0.33 0.33 0.3 0.41 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.34 0.41 0.37 0.32 0.55 0.6 0.58 0.55 0.66 0.49 0.47 0.5 0.59 0.66 0.62 0.57 3.29 2.91 6.84 14.58 16.31 23.6 28 84 26.74 20.92 17.15 7.67 7.82 w 0 Ki year 2013 TMX TMN SDMX SDMN PRCP SKF SDRF PWID PWIW DAYP 15 0 Co - 12 - As can be seen in Table 6 and Figure 6 the relative efficacy (er) of AZB in the presence of such larger dX events is broadly associated with the highest IDM; here, IDMs of less than 5000 seem to indicate that the RCsol AZB would have benefited from a full dX, without rationing. TABLE 6 (FIG. 6): Example of agronomic plots of BPI with and without azotobacterization (AZB) of cellulosic crop residues on the soil, with and without dose ration X (dX); it should be noted that given rationing of dX, the highest MDIs are associated with the relative efficiencies of AZB (er, ratios with / without AZB) of the highest RCsol.
    [0013] 10 Nb. Here, AZB is established for unit protein yields, i.e. the number of kg of wheat protein harvested per unit of nitrogen (kg-N / ha) fertilizer supplied. No. Parcel 2011 IDM 144 jEP erAZB dUN Previous RCsol rNm 7 5647 1.29 -20 sorghum 9.9 15 5446 1.22 -20 BDH 8 19 5141 1.17 -10 maize 21 6 4530 1.05 -20 maize 25 14 3600 1,05 -20 BDH 53 References, bibliography and relevant patents 15 BINGNER, RL AND FD THEURER. 2009. AGNPS WEB SITE. INTERNET AT HTTP: /NVVVVV.ARS.USDA.GOV/RESEARCH/DOCS. HTM7DOCI D = 5199 BINGNER, R. L. AND F. D. THEURER. AGNPS 98: A WATER QUALITY MODELS FOR WATERSHED USE. IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEDIMENT: MONITORING, MODELING, AND MANAGING, 7TH FEDERAL INTERAGENCY SEDIMENTATION CONFERENCE, RENO, NV, 25-29 MARCH 2001: SUBCOMMITTEE ON 20 SEDIMENTATION OF THE INTERAGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON WATER DATA, P. VII-1 - VII- 8. 2001. BRISSON, N. (EDITOR); LAUNAY, M. (EDITOR); MARY, B. (EDITOR); BEAUDOIN, N. (EDITOR). CONCEPTUAL BASIS, FORMALIZATIONS AND PARAMETERIZATION OF THE CROP MODEL STICS. VERSAILLES (FRA): EDITIONS QUAE; 2008.
    [0014] 304 P. BRISSON N. RUGET F., GATE P., LORGEOU J., NICOULLAUD B., TAYOT X., PLENET D., JEUFFROY M.H., BOUTHIER A., RIPOCHE D., MARY B., JUSTES E.
    [0015] 2002A. STICS: A GENERIC MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF CROSS AND THEIR WATER AND NITROGEN BALANCES. II. MODEL VALIDATION FOR WHEAT AND CORN. AGRONOMY, 22, 69-93. CLAUDE, PP AND THE FILLION. 2004. EFFECT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF A BACTERIAL INOCULUM TO GROUND-MAIZE CORN RESIDUES ON THE PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT PANIFIABLE IN FRIDGE. AGROSOLUTIONS JUNE 2004, VOL. 15, NO. 1 PAGES 23-29 COMIFER 2013. CALCULATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION: A METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL REQUIREMENTS - ANNUAL AND PRAIRIE CROPS. BROCHURE BY COMIFER / DIAMANTA, 92909 PARIS LA DEFENSE CEDEX, TEL. : 01 46 53 10 75 / LEGAL DEPOSIT: APRIL 2011, ISBN 978-2-910393-09-0 35 DE WIT C.T., 1978. SIMULATION OF ASSIMILATION BREATHING AND TRANSPIRATION OF CROPS. IN SIMULATION MONOGRAPHS. PUDOC, WAGENINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS. PP. 141. HARTMANN, A, H FU AND RH BURRIS. 1986. REGULATION OF NITROGENASE ACTIVITY BY AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN AZOSPIRILLUM SPP. JOURNALOF BACTERIOLOGY, MAR. 1986, P.864-870 LAANE, C, W KRONE, W KONINGS, H HAAKER AND C VEEGER. 1980. SHORT TERM EFFECT OF AMMONIUM 40 CHLORIDE ON NITROGEN FIXATION BY AZOTOBUCTER VINELANDII AND BY BACTEROIDS OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSUVUM. EUR. J. BIOCHEM. 103, 39-46 (1980) LIU J., WILLIAMS J.R., WANG X., YANG H., 2009. USING MODAWEC TO GENERATE DAILY WEATHER DATA FOR THE EPIC MODEL. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE 24 (5): 655-664. LIU J., FRITZ S., VAN WESENBEECK C.F.A., FUCHS M., OBERSTEINER M., YANG H., 2008. A SPACE EXPLICIT 45 ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT AND FUTURE HOTSPOTS OF HUNGER IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE. GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE.64 (3-4): 222-235. THEURER, F.D., R.L. BINGNER, W. FONTENOT, AND S.R. KOLIAN. 1999. PARTNERSHIPS IN DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING AGNPS 98: WATER QUALITY MODELS FOR WATERSHED USE. IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH NATIONAL WATERSHED CONFERENCE, 16-19 MAY 1999, AUSTIN, TEXAS. 50 lo PG. WHISLER J.R., ACOCK B., BAKER D.N., FYE R.E., HODGES H.F., LAMBERT J.R., LEMMON H.E., MCKINION J.M., REDDY, V.R., 1986. CROP SIMULATION MODELS IN AGRONOMY SYSTEMS, ADV. AGRON. 40, 141-208. WILLIAMS JR. (1990) THE EROSION PRODUCTIVITY IMPACT CALCULATOR (EPIC) MODEL: A CASE HISTORY. PHIL.
    [0016] 55 TRANS. R. SOC. LOND. 329: 421-428. WILLIAMS JR. (1995) THE EPIC MODEL. PP. 909-1000 IN COMPUTER MODELS OF WATERSHED HYDROLOGY (ED SINGH VP). WATER RESOURCES PUBLICATIONS, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO. WILLIAMS JR, ARNOLD JG & SRINIVASAN R. (2000) THE APEX MODEL. BRC REPORT NO. 00-06. TEMPLE, TX: TEXAS AGRIC. EXPT. STATION, TEXAS AGRIC. EXTEN. SERVICE, TEXAS A & M UNIV. 60 - 13 - TABLE 4: Variable Values for Five (5) Winter Wheat (BTH) Plots, Including Types of Cellulosic Crop Residues on Ground (RCsol) and Their Dates (Julian Days; dd) burial in autumn 2010 (Midi-Pyrénées, France). As can be seen, the C / N ratios, the apparent densities (DA, g / cm3) and the organic C content of the soils are not indicated and had to be estimated from the textural classes provided by the farmer. essentially clay-limestone or boulbènes. Depending on the case, these values are recorded in the Stics soil, planting and farming practices files (Brisson et al., 2008 / http://www6.paca.inra.fr/stics); the many other parametric values are those provided by way of example for wheat (blélans.xml) with the software installation kit. Finally, it should be noted that only mineral nitrogen contents, [Nm], of soil depths of 30 cm are necessary for the generation of IDM, the azotobacterial activity being generally limited to such depths. Parcel Rcsol buried on the dd; pH% Clay% Corgin C / N soil [Nm] 30cm DA glcm3% H20 7 sorghum 300 7 33 1,5 12,5 10 1,2 12 15 wheat 308 7 15 1,5 12,5 8 1,2 12 19 grain corn 274 6 15 1.5 10 21 1.2 12 6 grain corn 301 8.2 33 1.5 12.5 25 1.2 12 14 wheat 319 6 15 1.5 10 53 1.2 12 TABLE 5: Monthly values for 2010 and 2011 for the different climate variables used to feed WXGN3020 (Williams 1990, Williams et al., 1995, 2000) and MODEWAC (Liu et al., 2008, 2009) to generate meteorological values for the files climatological Stics. This is the weather station of Toulouse - Blagnac (31000, France), the approximate location of the five agronomic plots listed in Table 4. (For each month, TMN and TMX - mean C minimax temperatures, SDMN and SDMN - monthly deviations for TMN and TMX, PRCP - rainfall totals (mm), SDRF and SKRF - deviations and coefficients of asymmetries of monthly rainfall, PW / D and PW / VV - probabilities of dry and rainy days, respectively, as a result rainy days DAYP - number of rainy days in the year 2010 January February March April May June July August September October November December TMX 7.57 9.99 13.31 19.59 19.89 25.37 29 , 77 28.58 24.83 18.33 12.66 9.21 TMN 0.97 2.05 4.28 7.68 10.49 14.6 18.05 16.43 13.12 9.87 5, 71 0.82 SDMX 3.73 5.11 4.82 3.92 5.26 4.28 3.46 4.43 4.16 4.56 3.84 4.46 SDMN 4.06 4.2 5, 12 3.44 3.58 2.75 2.39 2.85 3.19 4.79 4.86 5.03 PRCP 57 36.5 37.9 28.2 119.9 85.1 22.8 13 8 31.1 81.9 63.4 2 5.8 SDRF 3.22 2.7 2.27 2.17 8.26 5.49 2.27 1.95 2.32 10.42 3.02 3.14 SKRF 1.93 2.86 2.37 2.37 3.33 2.08 3.49 5.46 2.95 5.18 1.97 4.95 PWID 0.34 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.37 0.34 0.15 0 , 1 0.23 0.28 0.4 0.21 PWIW 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.46 0.62 0.59 0.4 0.35 0.48 0.53 0.65 0, 46 DAYP 17 16 12 8 17 14 4 7 10 10 22 10 year 2011 January February March April May June July August September October November December TMX 9.25 12.35 15.03 21.84 25.5 25.45 26.65 29.85 27.94 22 16.43 12.33 TMN 1.79 3.64 6.27 9.97 13.03 14.08 15.83 17.28 15.73 10.26 9.51 4.95 SDMX 4.11 3.08 3.23 3.06 3.39 4.49 3.7 3.69 3.39 4.38 4.12 2.33 SDMN 4.36 3.48 3.72 2.82 2.33 2.64 2.04 3.05 3.31 2.93 3.82 3.59 PRCP 32.6 30 36.2 37.2 20.4 38.8 73.2 36.6 30.6 21.4 23.8 41.8 SDRF 2.59 2.26 2.39 5.5 1.93 3.35 5.72 3.57 3.27 1.63 1.79 1.98 SKRF 2.85 3,5 2,27 5,28 3,71 4,43 3,53 3,18 4,43 2,44 2,52 2,59 PWID 0.24 0.28 0.26 0.2 0.15 0 , 28 0.3 0.21 0.22 0.17 0.18 0.37 W PWIW 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.45 0.4 0.53 0.55 0.46 0.47 0 , 42 0.43 0.62 0 DAYP 11 1 7 12 6 5 13 11 7 8 8 16 26 Ki 0 00 - 4 cr)
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Method for diagnosing the diazotrophic state of arable soils and recommending fertilization of the current crop by rationing the previously calculated nitrogen (N) dose X (dX) comprising; - a single autumn survey of the mineral nitrogen content (Nm) of the soil surface by sampling the soil, so without having to take for analysis the entire rooting area and / or the vadose zone; an integral index, referred to here as an example diazotolary index (IDM), consisting of a numerical sum indicative of the incidence of post - burial time units of residues cellulosic culture on the ground (RCsol) plus, or less, favorable, as the case may be, to a maximum of diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the soil bacteria; and therefore four main stages; (v) the determination of the meteorology affecting the kinetics of the mineral nitrogen (Nm) concentrations in the upper slice of the soil vadose zone by rainfall generation from monthly climatic averages, (vi) the monitoring of the milli - molarity (mM) in Nm of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of the cellulosic soil residues on the soil (RCsol), as a function of the number of days post-burial (jpe), (vii) the quantifying the degree of negative feedback by Nm of the diazotrophy (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora relative to its maximum activity according to the above-mentioned mM Nm of the soil solution, and (viii) the integration through the time (jpe), advantageously and by way of example by summation, of daily increments (jpe) of the fraction, advantageously expressed as a percentage, of the diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora with respect to its maximum when the milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen of the soil solution, mM - Nm, = 0.00 (i.e. N1Fmax%).
    [0002]
    2. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of recommending the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) calculated beforehand according to the preceding claim, characterized in that that the determination of the meteorology affecting the kinetics of mineral nitrogen (Nm) in the upper slice of the soil vadose zone by generating rainfall from monthly climatic averages may be performed as follows; - take a sample of soil before sowing the winter crop; advantageously this parcel receives the RCsol of the preceding culture, the IDM being particularly useful in this sense, especially if these RCsol are (azoto) bacterized and buried; - 15 - - to analyze for its mineral nitrogen content (Nm) said sample, including values for the moisture content (eg% of soil, or mm per hectare), the depth (eg cm) of the topsoil sampled, and its apparent density (eg g / cm3); - take monthly climatological records for the nearest weather station, including monthly average minimum temperatures, monthly accumulations of rainfall, and preferably the number of rainy days for each month; - generate the daily meteorology from the aforementioned monthly climatology;
    [0003]
    3. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of recommending the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) calculated beforehand according to the preceding claim, characterized in that that the generation of daily meteorology is done with the help of a proven stochastic generator that can convert the monthly average climate values into daily meteorology;
    [0004]
    4. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the current crop by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determination of the meteorology affecting the kinetics of the mineral nitrogen (Nm) concentrations in the upper slice of the soil vadose zone by generating rainfall from monthly climatic averages is performed only for the soil surface arable to a depth of 0 to 50, more preferably 0 to 40 cm, and preferably 0 to 30 cm.
    [0005]
    5. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that monitoring of the milli-molarity (mM) in Nm of the soil solution over time, advantageously following burial of the cellulosic soil culture residues (RCsol), as a function of the number of days post-burial (jpe) can be performed as follows; - daily calculate the concentration of the soil solution using the aforementioned meteorology and mineral nitrogen analysis of the autumnal soil.
    [0006]
    6. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of recommending the fertilization of the current crop by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) calculated beforehand according to the preceding claim, characterized in that than daily calculation of soil solution concentrations using the above-mentioned meteorology and mineral nitrogen analyzes of the autumnal land this is using computerized soil / plant process models, or using of "meta - models" developed using these applications and summarizing using multivariate equations containing the aforesaid variables (ie soil Nm contents, rainfall totals, soil clay contents, etc.). .- 16 -
    [0007]
    7. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that quantizing the degree of negative feedback by Nm of the diazotrophy (Nif) of the soil bacterial flora relative to its maximum activity according to the above-mentioned mM Nm of the soil solution can be carried out as a result; Apply this concentration, this milli - molarity (mM), to the mineral nitrogen (Nm) of the soil solution to an empirical equation describing the decreasing activity of diazotrophy in response to an increase in the ambient milli - molarity of the soil. mineral nitrogen; a percentage of the diazotrophic activity, Nif, is thus obtained when said milli molarity is zero;
    [0008]
    8. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that integration over time ope), advantageously and by way of example by summation, of daily increments (jpe) of the fraction, advantageously expressed as a percentage, of the diazotrophic activity (Nif) of the flora soil bacterial in relation to its maximum when the milli - molarity of the mineral nitrogen of the soil solution, mM - Nm, 0.00 (ie% NIF'x) can be carried out as follows; D to sum, over a certain period, called inter - culture, these percentages,% NIF'x, after the autumn burial of the cellulosic culture residues, advantageously (azoto) bacteri - tized;
    [0009]
    9. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of recommending the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) calculated beforehand according to the preceding claim, characterized in that that the sum over a certain period, called inter - culture, of these percentages,% NIFmax, after the autumn burial of cellulosic culture residues, advantageously (azoto), is called diazotolary index or IDM.
    [0010]
    10. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the current crop by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to the two preceding claims, characterized in that the sum over a certain period, called intercropping, of these percentages,% N1Fmax, after the autumn burial of cellulosic culture residues, advantageously (azoto), includes a post-burial period of RCsol from October to the end of February. / - 17 - at the beginning of March, or after the burial of RCsol at the so-called "winter exit" counted in days post-burial (jpe).
    [0011]
    11. Method for the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soils and of the recommendation of the fertilization of the culture in progress by rationing the dose X (dX) of nitrogen fertilizer (N) previously calculated according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recommendation concerning the rationing of the previously calculated dose X (dX) is made from the diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of the soil, in that the highest MDIs are indicative of a Nif activity of the bacterial populations. the soil is quite important through the inter - culture capable of ensuring a reserve of nitrogen of diazotrophic origin, this reserve being able to replenish appreciable amounts of mineralizable nitrogen as substitutes for a certain number of nitrogen units (kg-N of fertilizer N / ha) otherwise brought to the soil via dX, the dX can thus be rationed up to, generally and by way of example, a twenty no units (kg-N / ha).
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    FR2942368B1|2009-02-25|2012-05-04|Pierre Philippe Claude|USE OF AZOTO-NUTRITIONAL AGENTS FOR THE FERTILIZATION OF LARGE NON-LEGUMINOUS CROPS|FR3039035B1|2015-07-23|2018-03-16|Polyor Sarl|PROCESS FOR THE PRECONIZATION OF PHOSPHORIC FERTILIZER DOSES PFOR LARGE AGRONOMIC CROPS IN THE PRESENCE OF GROWN CULTURE RESIDUES|
    FR3039034B1|2015-07-23|2018-01-12|Polyor Sarl|PROCESS FOR RAISED FERTILIZATION COMPRISING THE RATIONING OF DOSE X OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN THE PRESENCE OF CELLULOSIC GROWTH RESIDUES ON THE GROUND|
    CN107764976B|2017-09-28|2020-08-04|广州市健坤网络科技发展有限公司|Rapid diagnosis method and online monitoring system for soil nitrogen|
    FR3078782A1|2018-03-07|2019-09-13|Sarl Polyor|PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AN ELEMENTARY INDICATOR FOR THE RESILIENCE OF BACTERIAL AND AZOTOBACTERIAL SOIL POPULATIONS AND ITS APPLICATION TO RAISONNEE FERTILIZATION|
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    FR1401033A|FR3020876B1|2014-05-06|2014-05-06|DIAGNOSIS OF THE DIAZOTROPHE STATE OF ARABLE SOILS AND RECOMMENDATION OF N FERTILIZER CONTRIBUTIONS|FR1401033A| FR3020876B1|2014-05-06|2014-05-06|DIAGNOSIS OF THE DIAZOTROPHE STATE OF ARABLE SOILS AND RECOMMENDATION OF N FERTILIZER CONTRIBUTIONS|
    EP15290111.2A| EP2942621B1|2014-05-06|2015-04-28|Diagnosis of the diazotrophic state of arable soil and recommendation for the addition of nitrogen fertiliser|
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