• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An oyster farming method comprises at least one rearing stage (200) comprising alternating immersion periods and periods of mechanical oyster exoneration, in which the periods of mechanical exposure have a duration of between 3 hours. and 48 hours.
    公开号:FR3019967A1
    申请号:FR1453555
    申请日:2014-04-18
    公开日:2015-10-23
    发明作者:Florent Tarbouriech；Jean-Jacques Thibaut
    申请人:Medi Thau；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to the field of oyster farming.
    [0002] Oyster culture is a traditional and complex field that has changed little over time. In general, oysters are raised in submerged pockets in the wild. Depending on the place of cultivation, oysters can undergo ex- tances due to tidal cycles, these exonsations have a negative impact on the speed of growth of animals. In addition, depending on the location of the breeding sites, oysters are not fully discovered at low tide, so they do not suffer the effect or impact of total exposure. Some techniques provide a more or less regular exposure of a few minutes to eliminate the epibionts. Other techniques provide for a limited number of exondations (less than ten) at the end of breeding, in order to habituate oysters to life on stall. Excluding these particular applications, the exposure is perceived as an inconvenience, which slows oyster growth. The Applicant has conducted extensive research to develop an oyster less dependent on uncontrollable parameters such as wind, swell, tidal cycle and other climatic parameters, and whose production is more qualitative and more consistent in terms of quality. She thus discovered that, contrary to the established prejudices, a regular and controlled exondation makes it possible to improve the quality of the oysters. For this purpose, the invention provides an oyster farming method, comprising at least one rearing step comprising alternating immersion periods and periods of mechanical oyster exoneration, in which the periods of mechanical exile present a duration of between 3 hours and 48 hours.
    [0003] This method is advantageous because it allows oysters to develop a higher filling rate, a greater adductor muscle, a greater thickness of mother-of-pearl, and a thicker shell, because of the cycles of mechanical exondation.
    [0004] According to variants of the invention, the device may have the following characteristics: - the duration of the periods of mechanical exile is between 12 hours and 24 hours, - the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of exposure mechanical time is between 3 hours and 7 days, - the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exposure is between one day and seven days, - the breeding stage comprises a succession of sub-steps , spanning a total period of between approximately ten months and forty-eight months, in each of which the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exondation is adapted to the climate of the place of cultivation, - the climate of the place of culture is a Mediterranean climate, and the duration of a period of immersion between two mechanical ex-periods of each sub-stage is chosen as follows: a. for a first sub-step, between four days and seven days, then b. for a second substep, between three days and five days, then c. for a third sub-step, between one day and three days, then d. for a fourth sub-step, between three days and four days, the substeps are repeated in the same order, the breeding stage is carried out for a total duration of between ten months and eighteen months, the duration of an immersion period between two periods of mechanical exposure is extended when one or more of the following conditions is met: rain and / or storm, wind above 30 knots, sunshine less than 20% . a refining step is carried out after the rearing step, in which immersion periods are carried out so that the oysters are situated at a depth of between 10 cm and 30 cm with respect to the surface.
    [0005] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description, taken from examples given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, taken from the drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a general diagram of a method of oyster farming according to the invention, and - Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a step of the method of Figure 1. The drawings and description below contain, essentially, elements of a certain character . They can therefore not only serve to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if any. FIG. 1 represents a general diagram of an oyster culture process according to the invention. This process comprises four steps, two of which are optional and represented in dashed lines.
    [0006] In an optional first step, diploid or triploid spat are received and pre-enlarged. At this stage, the oysters have a size between about 4mm and 8mm. The duration of step 100 is between four and twelve months.
    [0007] This pre-magnification can be achieved for example by breeding in suspension in a natural environment, for example on emergent structures constructed according to patent FR1003249, or on any other type of standard structure, on a breeding medium of the Japanese lantern type, Australian basket. , plastic pocket of mesh 2mm to 8mm, or "Pearl Net" (cordage of pyramidal pockets in net arranged in string on 2,5m of height and weighted by a mass in bottom part). Preferably, the immersion periods are carried out so that the oysters are located at a depth of between 10 cm and 30 cm with respect to the surface. This allows for a "wave-rolling" effect by which the waves make the oysters rub together, polishing their surface. In these variants, it is typical to have a density of about 400 to 500 molluscs per bag.
    [0008] During this pre-enlargement step, an alternation of immersion period and periods of mechanical exertion is provided. Mechanical exosion is understood to mean any technical method, as opposed to natural exposure, by which the oysters are taken out of the water and kept in the air. In the example described here, the mechanical exposure periods are carried out once a week for a period of between 15 hours and 24 hours. This alternation of periods of immersion and periods of mechanical exondation is carried out for a total duration of between four months and twelve months.
    [0009] In a second step 200, the mollusks pre-enlarged in step 100, or from six months to eighteen months when step 100 is omitted, are specifically reared. At this point, the oysters have a size between about 15mm and 80mm. The breeding is carried out in suspension in a natural environment on emerged structures built according to patent FR1003249, or on any other type of standard structure, on a breeding medium comprising a wooden bar of square section whose dimensions are 2450x40mm. Alternatively the breeding medium may be a 2700x80mm PVC strip, a polypropylene net 15cm wide by 2.5m high, or a string of 3 to 5 mm diameter. In all cases, the oysters are glued one by one, on the support. Bonding helps to control stocking density, which helps to better control the shape index and better control the risk of spread of disease. The dimensions of these elements and the method of attachment to the support may vary depending on the breeding site. Finally, each support is weighted by a mass at the bottom. Alternatively, rearing can be carried out with the means described above in step 100. In step 200, the mechanical exonation periods each have a duration of between 3 hours and 48 hours, and preferably between 12 hours and 24 hours. In addition, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exposure is between 3 hours and seven days, and preferably between two days and seven days. The total duration of the rearing stage is generally between ten months and forty-eight months. All the durations presented in this section can be adapted according to the breeding cycle, the place of breeding, the climate of this place and the seasonality. Figure 2 shows an example of embodiment of step 200 in the context of a Mediterranean climate, for oyster farming in the Thau basin. In this embodiment, the breeding is a repetition of successive sub-stages over a total period of ten to eighteen months, in the context of the breeding of oysters of a first range.
    [0010] The loop of the breeding stage comprises four sub-steps: in a first sub-step 220, the mechanical exile periods have a duration of between 12 hours and 24 hours, the duration of an immersion period between two periods of mechanical exosion is between four days and seven days, and the total duration of this substep is about three months, typically from winter until spring, - in a second substep 240 , the mechanical periods of exposure have a duration of between 12 hours and 24 hours, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exhume is between three days and five days, and the total duration of this sub -stage is about three months, typically from spring to summer, - in a third substep 260, the mechanical exile periods have a duration of between 6 hours and 12 hours, the duration of a immersion period between two periods of mechanical exposure are between one day and three days, and the total duration of this substep is about three months, typically from summer to autumn, - in a fourth substep 280, the mechanical exposure periods have a duration of between 12 hours and 24 hours, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exposure is between three days and four days, and the total duration of this sub-step is about three months, typically from autumn until winter.
    [0011] When the fourth sub-step 280 ends, the loop resumes with the sub-step 220, until the raising step is completed. Alternatively, the immersion period may be extended when the weather conditions are not favorable. Thus, a period of mechanical exposure can be postponed until favorable climatic conditions are met. Conditions that prolong immersion may include one or more of the following conditions: rain and / or storm (to prevent exposure of oysters to fresh water), - wind greater than 30 knots (to prevent oysters are damaged by wind shocks), sunshine less than 20% (to allow mechanical exposure based on solar energy, and to allow an impact of solar radiation on the calcification of the shell).
    [0012] Similarly, when one or more of the above conditions occur during a period of mechanical exposure, the latter is shortened, and the substep is prolonged identically, as if the period of Mechanical exaltation had been carried out in full.
    [0013] When one or more periods of expulsion are rejected due to one of the above causes, the total duration of each sub-step remains unchanged. There is therefore a smaller number of mechanical exondations, which can be compensated for example by repeating a substep, or not be compensated.
    [0014] The example of Figure 2 can be used in the context of breeding oysters of a second range. In this case, the total duration of the breeding stage 200 is between eighteen and forty-eight months.
    [0015] When the mechanical evaporation is not based on solar energy, the rearing step 200 may comprise three substeps instead of the four presented here: a first substep, the mechanical evaporation periods present between 12 hours and 24 hours, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exile is between three days and five days, and the total duration of this substep is approximately six months , typically from winter to summer, - in a second sub-step, the periods of mechanical exposure have a duration between 6 hours and 12 hours, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods mechanical ex-event is between one day and three days, and the total duration of this substep is about three months, typically from summer until autumn, - in a third substep, identical at the first substep, typically from the auto until winter. Once the breeding stage 200 is completed, a third refining stage 300, also known as a breeding supplement can be carried out. The refining step 300 is for example carried out as part of the oyster culture of the first range. At this stage, oysters are adults and in this range weigh between 45g and 85g.
    [0016] The refining step 300 comprises an alternation of immersion period and periods of mechanical exondation. Here, the immersion is carried out in suspension in a natural environment. The specificity of this step is twofold: on the one hand, the immersion periods are carried out so that the oysters are situated at a depth of between 10 cm and 30 cm with respect to the surface. This makes it possible to obtain a "rolling-wave" effect by which the waves make the oysters rub together, which polishes their surface; on the other hand, the duration of the mechanical exile periods is between 12 hours and 24 hours, and the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exoneration is between three and seven days.
    [0017] The total duration of the refining stage 300 is between seven days and four months, depending on the climatic conditions (depending on whether there are more or fewer waves inducing more or less effective wave rolling in the natural environment ).
    [0018] Alternatively, the refining step 300 can be performed with oysters of the second range. In yet another variant, the refining step 300 is performed without mechanical exondation. Finally, the process ends with a fourth purification step 400. In the example described here, this step is performed in an approved purification center. Adult oysters weigh at this stage between 45g and 85g for the oysters of the first range, and between 90g and 400g for the oysters of the second range. The purification is carried out by immersion in purification tank for a period of between one day and five days depending on the biotic quality.
    [0019] In the foregoing, two particular examples have been described, relating to two ranges of oysters raised in the Mediterranean climate of the Thau lagoon, located in the south of France. Other variants adapted to the various conditions will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims below.
    [0020] The alternation between immersion periods and periods of mechanical exondation plays a particularly important role, and makes it possible to obtain oysters whose nacre is thicker and has specific color characteristics. The thickness of the mother-of-pearl makes it possible in particular to protect the oyster against the formation of pockets of organic organisms. In general, the Applicant has discovered that the controlled mechanical exonation cycles make the oysters both more beautiful and more resistant. In addition, the process described here makes it possible to obtain IQ ratios (ratio between the flesh mass and the total weight) and IR (ratio between the flesh mass and the weight of the shell) never reached before. In comparison, an oyster from Bouzigues, reared on a comparable site to that of first-class oysters, has an average IQ level of 7.0% and an IR rate of 15.3%, compared with an IQ rate, respectively. of 10.1% and IR of 24.3% for an oyster produced according to the method described herein. With the oysters of the second range, the difference is even greater: the IQ rate is 13.5% and the IR rate is 39%.
    [0021] Table 1 below summarizes some characteristics of oysters produced at various sites in comparison with those of oysters produced according to the method described herein. Characteristic Second First Normandy Gilardeau Bouzigues range range (origin) (brand (origin) filed) IQ 13.5% 10.1% 9.3% 12.7% 7.0% IR 39% 24.3% 30.4% 39.2% 15.3% Mass muscle 2.7% 0.6% Indisp. 1.3% 0.6% / Total weight Mass muscle 19.9% 5.7% Indisp. 10,2% 8,1% / Flesh Thickness +++ +++ + +++ shell Polished yes yes no no no Shell - Nacre finished and iridescent - Nacre finished and iridescent - Nacre not finished - Nacre finished and iridescent , but irregularly according to the oysters - Internal nacre - The knife can not be planted - The knife can not be planted - The knife can be planted - Possibility completed - No pocket or worms - No pocket or worms - Pockets, worms or others sometimes ite of vase - The - Possibility of vase not planted knife can be - Pockets, to sometimes Table 1 As it appears in Table 1, the oysters of the second range have qualities similar to those of oysters Gilardeau (trademark), but with a ratio Mass muscle / flesh mass much higher 19.9% against 10.2%, which makes oysters more resistant and gives them a better taste. In addition, the oysters from the process described here are all polished, which makes them less dangerous to handle. Similarly, oysters of the first range have remarkable qualities given their short breeding cycle.
    [0022] It follows from the foregoing that the systematization of the planned period of mechanical exondation and of a significant duration makes it possible to improve the organoleptic and visual qualities of the oysters, contrary to popular belief.
    [0023] This method is advantageous because it causes oysters to develop, compared to oysters conventionally produced at a comparable site, a significantly higher filling rate, with oyster meat having significant glycogen stores and a muscle adductor whose size and density of muscle fiber are higher, a thicker mother-of-pearl, and a thicker shell.
    [0024] In the examples described here, the durations of the mechanical exposure periods vary between 12 hours and 24 hours. More generally, the durations of the periods of mechanical exondation may vary between 3 hours and 48 hours depending on oyster characteristics and the breeding site. In the examples described here, the duration of the immersion periods between two periods of mechanical exposure is between one day and seven days. More generally, the duration of the immersion periods between two periods of mechanical exposure is between 3 hours and seven days. Depending on the cultivation site, the climate, and the desired oyster range, the following parameters should be varied: - the duration of the mechanical excretion periods, - the duration of the immersion periods between two periods of mechanical extermination, - the total duration of the rearing stage, - the number of sub-stages in the rearing stage and their order of execution.
    [0025] It should be noted that the fact that a limited number of periods of immersion or mechanical evaporation may have a duration outside the ranges of the claims below can not be sufficient to go beyond the scope thereof.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Oyster farming method, comprising at least one rearing stage (200) comprising an alternation of immersion periods and periods of mechanical exoneration of oysters, characterized in that the periods of mechanical exposure have a duration of between 3 hours and 48 hours.
    [0002]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein the duration of the periods of mechanical exposure is between 12 hours and 24 hours.
    [0003]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exposure is between 3 hours and seven days.
    [0004]
    4. The method of claim 3, wherein the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exposure is between one day and seven days.
    [0005]
    The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the rearing step comprises a succession of sub-steps (220-280), spanning a total duration of from about ten months to forty-eight months, and in each of which the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exondation is adapted to the climate of the place of culture.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, wherein when, the climate of the place of culture is a Mediterranean climate, the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exondation of each sub-step is chosen as follows: . for a first substep (220), between four days and seven days, then b. for a second substep (240), between three days and five days, then c. for a third substep (260), between one and three days, then d. for a fourth substep (280), between three days and four days.
    [0007]
    The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the substeps are repeated in the same order.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rearing step (200) is carried out for a total period of between ten months and eighteen months.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the duration of a period of immersion between two periods of mechanical exondation is extended when one or more of the following conditions is met: - rain and / or storm, - wind above 30 knots, - sunshine less than 20%.
    [0010]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a refining step (300) is carried out after the rearing step (200), in which immersion periods are carried out so that the oysters are located at a depth of between 10cm and 30cm from the surface.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3019967B1|2017-04-28|
    EP3131389B1|2020-03-11|
    MA39388B2|2019-05-31|
    JP2017514516A|2017-06-08|
    MX2016013624A|2017-02-28|
    ES2793901T3|2020-11-17|
    MX370581B|2019-12-17|
    CA2945727A1|2015-10-22|
    US10537092B2|2020-01-21|
    KR20160146866A|2016-12-21|
    US20170071170A1|2017-03-16|
    WO2015159025A1|2015-10-22|
    BR112016023768B1|2021-01-12|
    JP6741651B2|2020-08-19|
    MA39388A1|2018-01-31|
    DK3131389T3|2020-06-15|
    TN2016000446A1|2018-04-04|
    AU2015248675A1|2016-11-10|
    NZ725566A|2021-07-30|
    HRP20200929T1|2020-12-11|
    CN106413392B|2020-08-21|
    EP3131389A1|2017-02-22|
    SA516380096B1|2019-07-28|
    AU2015248675B2|2019-04-04|
    CN106413392A|2017-02-15|
    BR112016023768A2|2017-08-15|
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    法律状态:
    2016-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-04-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-04-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-04-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-04-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1453555A|FR3019967B1|2014-04-18|2014-04-18|IMPROVED OSTRECULTURE PROCESS|FR1453555A| FR3019967B1|2014-04-18|2014-04-18|IMPROVED OSTRECULTURE PROCESS|
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    BR112016023768-4A| BR112016023768B1|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|improved oyster culture process|
    JP2017505730A| JP6741651B2|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Oyster culture method|
    AU2015248675A| AU2015248675B2|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
    PCT/FR2015/051024| WO2015159025A1|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
    CN201580028330.4A| CN106413392B|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster cultivation method|
    NZ725566A| NZ725566A|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
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    TN2016000446A| TN2016000446A1|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|IMPROVED OSTRECULTURE PROCESS|
    CA2945727A| CA2945727A1|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
    KR1020167032181A| KR20160146866A|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
    ES15725741T| ES2793901T3|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming procedure|
    MX2016013624A| MX370581B|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method.|
    EP15725741.1A| EP3131389B1|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved oyster farming method|
    DK15725741.1T| DK3131389T3|2014-04-18|2015-04-15|Improved approach to oyster breeding|
    SA516380096A| SA516380096B1|2014-04-18|2016-10-17|Improved oyster farming method|
    HRP20200929TT| HRP20200929T1|2014-04-18|2020-06-10|Improved oyster farming method|
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