• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In order to limit and control the solar radiation (21,31) inside an agricultural greenhouse (1) and in order to optimize the yield of the crops while recovering a maximum of the solar energy for needs in electricity and heating, the device according to the invention comprises a plurality of mobile photovoltaic surfaces (9) whose orientations are controlled by an electromechanical programming (P), said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are positioned inside a speaker (4) transparent to solar radiation (21,31) and produce on the one hand electrical energy and on the other hand a heating of the air (13) contained inside said transparent enclosure (4) thanks to in contact with said air (13) with the photovoltaic surfaces (11) which heat up under the effect of their exposure to solar radiation (15,21,31). The said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are oriented with respect to the position (2,3) and the brightness (21,31) of the sun in order to regulate the overall brightness that passes through the photovoltaic surfaces (9). A dichroic filter (30) makes it possible to select the ideal color, or the part of the solar spectrum, which optimizes photosynthesis or the growth of plants and which sends back to the solar collectors the light which is not useful for the plants.
    公开号:FR3019883A1
    申请号:FR1400903
    申请日:2014-04-15
    公开日:2015-10-16
    发明作者:Joel Gilbert
    申请人:Sunpartner Technologies SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Device for producing solar energy and filtering sunlight suitable for agricultural greenhouses. The present invention relates to devices for producing solar, thermal and photovoltaic energy, and more particularly to the use of photovoltaic surfaces for producing heat and for regulating the brightness inside an agricultural greenhouse. STATE OF THE ART Photovoltaic solar panels generate electricity and their surfaces heat up under solar radiation. It is sometimes advantageous to recover this heat by circulating a heat-transfer fluid, liquid or gas, which moves in contact with said surfaces. Moreover, solar panels being generally opaque they are sometimes used, in addition to their primary function of producing energy, to reduce the solar luminosity inside agricultural greenhouses or greenhouses when this proves necessary. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the invention is to use a network of photovoltaic surfaces to, on the one hand, produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and on the other hand to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network. Positioned on a greenhouse, for example, the device will increase crop production yields, including those micro-algae that require a fairly low brightness and constant while producing the electrical energy and heat necessary for the operation of the greenhouse. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In its basic principle, the invention relates to a device comprising a plurality of mobile photovoltaic surfaces, possibly arranged in an ordered network, whose orientations are controlled by an electromechanical programming device, said photovoltaic surfaces being positioned inside an enclosure transparent to solar radiation and producing on the one hand electrical energy and on the other hand a heating of the air contained inside said transparent enclosure by the contact of said air with the photovoltaic surfaces which heat up under the effect of their exposure to solar radiation, said device being characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces are oriented with respect to the position and brightness of the sun so that the brightness overall passing through said transparent enclosure is as close as possible to a constant a u during the day.
    [0002] In a particular embodiment, said overall brightness constant which passes through said transparent enclosure is between 100 and 200 Watts per square meter. In a particular embodiment said photovoltaic surfaces are arranged in an ordered array and are movable about an axis or move relative to one another on parallel planes. In another particular embodiment, said photovoltaic surfaces are flat or curved, of square, rectangular, circular or hexagonal shape. In another embodiment, the lower part of said transparent enclosure 20 is covered with a sunscreen or a dichroic solar filter which has the property of letting part of the solar spectrum pass and which reflects the other part of the solar spectrum. . In another embodiment, said dichroic solar filter is optically structured on the surface to disperse the reflected rays and / or contains frosted, pyramidal, curved, parabolic or parabolic-cylindrical forms, in all such cases so as to promote redirect. solar radiation incident to the undersides of photovoltaic surfaces. In another particular embodiment, said photovoltaic surfaces are active on their face above and on their underside, and the energy performance of the photovoltaic face below is possibly adapted to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum which is reflected by said dichroic solar filter. In another particular embodiment, said plurality of photovoltaic surfaces and said transparent enclosure are integrated in a greenhouse 5 or dwelling so as to regulate the brightness received inside said greenhouse. In another particular embodiment, said transparent enclosure is traversed by a flow of air flowing above and / or below said photovoltaic surfaces and emerging either in the open air to evacuate the calories, or within said greenhouse so as to regulate the temperature of its interior environment possibly via an air / water type heat exchanger. In another particular embodiment, said greenhouse houses a culture of microalgae, of which: Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Tychonema bourrelyi . DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is now described in more detail with reference to the description of the indexed Figures 1 to 5. Figure 1 is a block diagram of the device when integrated into a greenhouse. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the manner in which the air heats up in contact with the photovoltaic surfaces. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrate two possible positions for a network of photovoltaic surfaces that move relative to each other in two parallel planes. Figure 5 shows the optical path of solar radiation when the device is in an embodiment which contains a semi-reflective dichroic filter.
    [0003] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram in which an alignment of planar photovoltaic solar collectors (9) orientable about a horizontal axis (10) are separated from each other by a space of transparency with solar radiation (21,31 ) said transparency space being able to pass more or less the light (21,31) of the sun (2,3) as a function of both the inclination of said solar collectors (9) and the position of the sun (2,3 ). The solar panels (9) are positioned in a transparent enclosure (4) which does not or hardly obstruct solar radiation (21,31) and said enclosure (4) is positioned on a greenhouse (1). A regulation of the luminous intensity which crosses globally the transparent enclosure (4) is possible thanks to an electromechanical device of control (P) of the position of the solar panels which takes into account at any moment of the position and the luminosity of the sun . Thus, for example, for a constant brightness setpoint of 200 W / m2 on average inside the greenhouse when the power of the sun (2) is 1000 W / m2 the panels will tilt to pass on average than 1/5 of the solar radiation (21). On the other hand, when the power of the sun (3) decreases to 600 W / m2, the panels will tilt to pass on average only 1/3 of the solar radiation (31). The light energy captured by the solar panels (9) is partly converted into electricity thanks to the conversion property of the photovoltaic materials, and partly into heat thanks to the dark absorbing surface of said sensors (9). The air contained in said enclosure (4) and coming from inside the greenhouse (5) heats up in contact with the solar panels (9) and is pushed to the outside of the greenhouse (7) in order to evacuate unnecessary calories to the inside of the greenhouse (6) to recover these calories to warm up the indoor environment (14). A mechanical device (8) makes it possible to direct at will the flow of air coming from the enclosure (4) towards the inside (6) or towards the outside (7) of the greenhouse (1), the control the device (8) being able to be done by an electromechanical control (not shown) programmed to meet the setpoints of the ideal temperature chosen for the type of culture in progress inside the greenhouse (14). Of course the heat captured by the device and which is reinjected into the greenhouse can also pass through heat exchangers (not shown) in order to better organize the distribution of this heat, including a heat exchanger / air / water would to heat the water of a pond or a water of irrigation. FIG. 2 represents a photovoltaic solar panel (9) movable about an axis (10) which produces an electric potential difference (+, -) at its ends when it is illuminated by solar radiation (15). The surface (11) of the solar panel (9) which is exposed to the sun heats up and transmits its calories (20) to the airflow (5) with which it is in contact, said airflow (13) being then warms up and sees its temperature (T °) increased. The solar energy that illuminates the solar panel (9) is therefore transformed into electrical energy and thermal energy.
    [0004] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the particular case of a device which is composed of a multitude of plane photovoltaic surfaces (18, 19) in the form of identical parallel strips which are arranged on two transparent (16, 17) and parallel surfaces between they. One of the two surfaces slides relative to the other so that the overall surface that is exposed to the rays (21) of the sun (2) is more or less important which allows to regulate the brightness (22,23 ) that passes through the device. The advantage of the device is the simplicity of implementation of the mechanical part which is necessary for the sliding of one of the two surfaces, especially when said surfaces are of reduced size. FIG. 5 illustrates the case of a transparent enclosure (4) whose lower part is covered with a dichroic filter (30) which has the property of passing a part (24,34) of the solar spectrum and which reflects a other part (25). The upper faces (11) of the solar panels receive direct light (21,31) from the sun (2) or the veiled sun (3) and the lower faces (12) of said solar panels are also active and receive the light (25) which is reflected by the dichroic filter (30). The advantage of this variant lies in the use of a dichroic filter rather than a colored filter. Indeed, in the case of a colored filter the non-through light portion is absorbed by said filter which constitutes a loss of light. This light that is lost by the color filter is reflected against in the case of a dichroic filter which redirects some of the light to the lower active surface of the solar panel. Overall the two-sided solar panel will receive more light and will therefore be able to produce more electrical energy than a panel that has only one active face facing the sun. Another advantage lies in the fact that the nature of the photovoltaic component of this lower face can be adapted to the wavelengths received from the dichroic filter so as to optimize the electrical conversion performance as well as possible. For example, the solar panel could have on the one hand an upper surface composed of crystalline silicon whose energy response is adapted to the solar spectrum as a whole, and on the other hand have a lower surface composed of amorphous silicon whose energy response is adapted to the green color that would be reflected by the dichroic filter. So that the light (25) reflected by the dichroic filter (30) more easily reaches the underside (12) of the solar panels even though they can take a wide variety of positions depending on the brightness settings controlled by the programmer ( P) it is interesting to optically structure the surface of said dichroic film so that the light which is reflected (25) is preferably oriented towards the solar panels rather than this light is lost between the spaces separating said panels. A frosted surface structure makes it possible to redirect the reflected light (25) in all directions so that, regardless of the orientation of the panels, at least part of this light always reaches the underside of the panels, or even in some positions also the upper surface of said panels, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency of the device. EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT A concrete embodiment is composed of an agricultural greenhouse whose transparent walls are made of PMMA-type organic glass (acronym for methyl polymethacrylate). The upper part of the greenhouse contains a transparent enclosure whose upper and lower faces are flat and parallel to each other and of substantially the same dimensions as the upper part of the greenhouse. Said enclosure contains a network of rectangular solar panels of dimensions 120 x 40 centimeters which are arranged in rows and columns and whose first face is composed of photovoltaic cells of monocrystalline silicon type and the second face is composed of a thin layer of silicon amorphous. Each line of solar panels is orientable around a horizontal axis oriented East / West and all parallel axes of rotation are spaced 50 cm so that when all the panels are aligned horizontally the space of transparency between the panels is only 10 cm. The lower flat surface of the enclosure is covered by a dichroic film which preferably passes the red and blue colors and selects the green color which is reflected towards the inside of the enclosure and therefore towards the underside of the solar panels. The enclosure is traversed by a flow of air coming from inside the greenhouse and heats up in contact with the solar panels. An electromechanical programmer inclines the panels relative to the sun so that the average brightness inside the greenhouse is as close as possible and remains constant around 200 Watts per m2. Another electromechanical programmer controls the flow rate of the air flow that passes through the chamber and also controls a valve that redirects the flow of air out of the chamber either towards the outside of the greenhouse or towards the inside of the chamber. greenhouse to maintain an ideal ambient temperature of 25 ° C. BENEFITS OF THE INVENTION Finally the invention responds well to the goals set by allowing a network of photovoltaic surfaces to produce photovoltaic and thermal energy, and to regulate the solar luminosity that passes through said network. On the other hand, when the device is positioned on an agricultural greenhouse, the colored light not used by the plants, in general the green color, is redirected to the solar panels which increases their energy yields.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS1 - Device comprising a plurality of movable photovoltaic surfaces 5 (9) whose orientations are controlled by an electromechanical programming device (P), said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are positioned inside an enclosure (4) transparent to the solar radiation (21,31), and on the one hand produce electrical energy and on the other hand a heating of the air (13) contained inside said transparent enclosure (4) thanks to the contact of 10 said air (13) with the photovoltaic surfaces (11) which heat up under the effect of their solar radiation exposures (15,21,31), characterized in that said electromechanical programming device (P) orients said photovoltaic surfaces (9) with respect to the position (2,3) and the brightness (21,31) of the sun so that the overall brightness passing through said transparent enclosure (4) is as close as possible to a constant at u during the day.
    [0002]
    2 - Device according to claim 1 preceding characterized in that said overall brightness constant which passes through said transparent enclosure (4) is between 100 and 200 Watts per square meter.
    [0003]
    3 - Device according to any one of the preceding claims 20 characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are arranged in an ordered array and are either movable about an axis (10) or move relative to each other following parallel plans.
    [0004]
    4 - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are flat or curved, square, rectangular, circular or hexagonal. - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the lower part of the transparent enclosure is covered with a sunscreen or a dichroic solar filter (30) which has the property to let part of the solar spectrum (24,34) and which reflects the other part of the solar spectrum (25). 6 - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said dichroic solar filter (30) is structured optically on the surface to disperse the reflected beams (25) and / or contains frosted, pyramidal, curved, parabolic or cylindro-parabolic forms, in all these cases so as to promote the redirection of incident solar radiation (21,31) to the lower faces (12) of the photovoltaic surfaces (9). 7 - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) are active on their upper face (11) and on their underside (12) and that the energy performance of the underside ( 12) is optionally adapted to the wavelengths of the solar spectrum which is reflected (25) by said dichroic filter (30). 8 - Device according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said photovoltaic surfaces (9) and said transparent enclosure (4) are integrated in a greenhouse (1) agricultural or residential so as to regulate the brightness received at the interior (14) of said greenhouse (1). 9 - Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said transparent enclosure (4) is traversed by a flow of air (13) flowing above and / or below said photovoltaic surfaces (9) and which spring either free air (7) for evacuating the calories, either inside (6) of said greenhouse (1) so as to regulate the temperature of its interior environment (14) optionally via a heat exchanger of the type air / water. 10 - Device according to one of claims 8 or 9 above characterized in that said greenhouse (1) houses a culture of micro-algae of the type: Asterionella formosa, Ceratium furca, Ceratium furcoides, Ceratium fusus, Cryptomonas marssonii, Cysclotella meneghiniana, Dinobryon divergens, Porphyrium cruentum, Scenedesmus sp, Spirulina, Tychonema bourrelyi. 30
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2015158968A1|2015-10-22|
    FR3019883B1|2016-04-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4219008A|1978-09-06|1980-08-26|John Schultz|Method and apparatus for solar heating and shading|
    EP1688033A1|2005-02-04|2006-08-09|ROCCAFORTE, Giacomo|Cover element for greenhouses or the like|
    US20120067337A1|2010-09-21|2012-03-22|Hall David R|Rotatable Panels on an Exterior of a Structure that Directs Solar Energy within the Structure|US20170126172A1|2014-03-26|2017-05-04|Sun'r|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    WO2018109151A1|2016-12-16|2018-06-21|Sun'r|System for producing electrical energy inside a glasshouse|
    FR3061377A1|2016-12-28|2018-06-29|Agrivolta|ADJUSTABLE SHADOW|
    FR3065353A1|2017-04-21|2018-10-26|Voltinov Voltaique Innovation|GREENHOUSE WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES|
    IT201700069402A1|2017-06-22|2018-12-22|Andrea Cappuccini|Environmental monitoring and management system in greenhouses using algorithms optimized for each crop and fed by renewable energy sources|
    FR3073107A1|2017-10-30|2019-05-03|Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives|SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION SYSTEM|
    WO2019238942A1|2018-06-15|2019-12-19|Agrivolta|Adjustable shade house driven by pulleys|
    FR3077463B1|2018-02-02|2020-06-26|Sun'r|AGRIVOLTAIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GROWING PLANTS|
    WO2021011485A1|2019-07-12|2021-01-21|Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University|Systems and methods for a multi-use rural land solar module|
    法律状态:
    2015-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-11-11| CA| Change of address|Effective date: 20161011 |
    2017-03-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-03-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-03-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-01-15| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20201214 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1400903A|FR3019883B1|2014-04-15|2014-04-15|DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SOLAR ENERGY AND FILTERING SOLAR LIGHT ADAPTED TO AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSES|FR1400903A| FR3019883B1|2014-04-15|2014-04-15|DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SOLAR ENERGY AND FILTERING SOLAR LIGHT ADAPTED TO AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSES|
    PCT/FR2015/000080| WO2015158968A1|2014-04-15|2015-04-14|Solar power production and sunlight filtering device suitable for agricultural greenhouses|
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