• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method of producing electrical energy by means of stepless photovoltaic sensors (10) arranged above crops (C), the shadow projected on the cultures being modified by the change of orientation of the sensors, this method being characterized by the fact that the orientation of the sensors is controlled automatically by computer, to act on the microclimatic conditions of the crops by means of a change of orientation of the sensors, in particular in order to place the crops in microclimatic conditions more favorable to obtaining a desired agricultural result, while seeking to achieve an optimum that minimizes the production of electrical energy as compared with a reference without any combination with crops.
    公开号:FR3019274A1
    申请号:FR1452587
    申请日:2014-03-26
    公开日:2015-10-02
    发明作者:Antoine Nogier
    申请人:SUN'R；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to the production of electrical energy using photovoltaic sensors. The production of electrical energy of photoveque origin knows an impo. t development.
    [0002] In certain geographical areas, sensors can be carried out without prejudicing the extent of the cultivable areas. In other areas, the implantation of the sensors takes place to the detriment of the cultivable surfaces. Trials have been carried out in order to reconcile electricity production and preservation of arable land. It has been proposed in the article "Japan Next-Generation Farmers Cultivated Crops and Solar Energy", Renewable Energy world 10.10.2013, to cultivate plants in areas affected by the drop on the ground by the sensors. The publication "Combining Solar Photovoltaic Panels and Food Cultures for 15 Optimizing Land Use: Towards New Agrivoltaic Schemes", Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 2725-2732 reports comparative test results in the South of France, showing the beneficial effect of the shade brought by the panels on crops. The thesis entitled "Producing food or energy: should we really choose " supported by Hélène Marroux on December 18, 2012 (Sup Agro Montpellier) suggests adjusting the inclination of the sensors during a period of the year to stimulate crop productivity. It is also described to use movable panels in translation or rotation so as to homogenize over time the amount of radiation received by each portion of the plot grown in the shade of the panels. There is a need to further improve existing systems for growing crops and producing electricity. The invention responds to this need by means of a method of producing electrical energy using stepless photovoltaic sensors arranged over crops, the shadow projected onto the crops being modified by the change of orientation of the 30 sensors. , this method being characterized by the fact that the orientation of the sensors is controlled automatically by computer, to act on the microclimatic conditions of the crops by means of a change of orientation of the sensors, in particular in order to place the cultures in microclimatic conditions more favorable to obtaining a desired agricultural result while seeking to achieve an optimum reducing as little as possible the production of electrical energy compared to a reference without combination with crops.
    [0003] Preferably, the orientation of the sensors is computer-controlled automatically from at least data representative of local conditions of the crop environment, including crop temperature, ins insolation. tane, soil hygrometry, and / or rainfall. The invention makes best use of the presence of solar collectors to provide crops with a variable amount of sunlight depending on their need for light and / or heat and / or to act on water stress. Thus, the presence of solar collectors is no longer an obstacle to the ettt e of plants but on the contrary an opportunity. For example, the orientation of the sensors can be controlled so as to automatically avoid, during heat waves, that the plants are subjected to excessive heating. In contrast, in the spring, the orientation can be controlled so as to automatically maximize the warming of the soil, including the night by infrared reflection emitted from the ground, to promote germination. Preferably, the orientation of the sensors is modified by electrical actuators, such as electric cylinders for example. The energy used by the actuators may have been provided by the sensors. The invention makes it possible to improve agricultural production with respect to a culture in full sun, or a reference yield, and to produce more electrical energy than with sensors whose orientation is not modifiable to the using actuators, The orientation of the sensors can be modified according to a control law seeking to obtain a maximum qualitative and / or quantitative. For example, in the case of vegetable crops, the orientation of the sensors can be carried out according to a slaving algorithm of the orientation of the sensors to prevent excessive heating of the sheets. The presence of the sensors can thus be used to appropriately intercept the light in order to optimize photosynthesis and to obtain a higher production yield than it would be in the total absence of shade. In the case of the cultivation of the vine, the orientation of the sensors can be chosen according to the degree of sugar sought in the grapes, and ultimately the quality of the wine obtained. The orientation of the sensors can be controlled according to a target amount of light energy to be reached, this quantity of target light energy being in particular dependent on the need for the crops, the deficit or the excess energy of the previous or previous days, and / or weather forecasts. Preferably, the orientation of the sensors is modified according to meteorological data and in particular i) at least one history of sunshine of crops and a history of heat received by crops, and / or a history of rainfall and ii) 10 a target set for the current day, a quantity of sunshine, heat and / or rainfall to be received by the plant as well as temperature limits not to be exceeded. This history can be realized locally, thanks to the local detection of the temperature, the sunshine, the rainfall and / or the hygrometry of the soil. For example, if the sunshine of the previous days is considered to meet the light and / or heat requirements of the crops over a given period of time, the sensors can be steered at any moment so as to meet the objectives of the day, by favoring electric production. If, on the other hand, the sunshine of the preceding days is considered as insufficiently meeting the needs for light and / or heat of the crops, then the sensors are oriented so as to favor the need for sunshine of the crops. In this case, the orientation of the sensors may not correspond to the optimization of the electrical production according to the position of the sun. In addition to the geographical position and the inclination of the installations, the computer control of the sensors is preferably carried out according to a control law specific to each cultivated plant variety. Among the parameters that may enter into the selection of the control law from a library of pre-established control laws, and / or in the adaptation of a control law to the pursuit of a predefined agricultural result. may include the cultivated variety, as well as quantitative or qualitative criteria, such as the search for maximum agricultural production or a particular quality of the cultivated plant. The sensors can be oriented in the evening or c so as to reflect the ground's heat radiation at maximum or minimum towards the ground, during the night, in order to regulate the temperature of the ground (heating and cooling). The control of the orientation of the sensors for the night can be effected for example according to the temperature gradient atmosphere-soil observed or expected, and according to the objective pursued (cool or warm the ground). For example, if there is a need to cool the soil and the atmosphere-soil gradient is negative (the soil is hotter than air), the sensors can be oriented perpendicular to the ground. Thus, before each modification of the orientation of the sensors, it can be determined whether the consumption of electrical energy for this modification is necessary in view of the expected benefit for the crops. The method advantageously comprises the measurement of the temperature at the level of the cultures and the control of the orientation of the sensors is carried out at least as a function of the measured temperature. The solar collectors may be arranged in spaced parallel rows. The sensors are preferably orientable around a single axis of rotation, which is preferably horizontal. The axis of rotation may be aligned with the north-south direction or alternatively make an angle therebetween. The orientation of the sensors advantageously depends on the state of development of the cultures. Thus, during the winter, the orientation can be controlled so as to warm up the soil at the end of the winter period, in order to promote the elimination. The orientation of the sensors is preferably controlled so as to maintain the cultures in a pre-defined minimum and / or maximum temperature range. Thus, during periods of heat, the orientation of the panels may correspond to a maximum production of ground shade. The subject of the invention is also a system for producing electrical energy, comprising: a carrier structure; orientable solar collectors maintained at said non-zero ground level by the carrier structure, in particular at a height of between 3 and 5 m, - one or more actuators to change the orientation of the solar collectors and the drop on the ground, - a calculator to automatically determine the orientation to be given to the sensors according to the need for sunshine, temperature and pluviometry, of crops affected by the drop shadow of the sensors.
    [0004] The system may include a temperature sensor informing the calculator of the local temperature at the crop level. The calculator can be arranged to determine the orientation of the sensors based on a history of sunshine and / or rainfall and / or the state of crop development. The computer can be local, in which case the orientation of the sensors can be determined autonomously by the computer. The calculator may also, alternatively, be at least partially delocalized in the control center of the device. The subject of the invention is also a method for cultivating plants, in which the plants are cultivated so as to be affected by the shade brought to the ground by sensors of a system according to the invention, as defined above. . This culture is carried out in an open system, without control of the variables of humidity, temperature, wind, other than through a modification of the orientation of the sensors. The sensors can undergo a modification of their intraday orientation, better sub-hourly. The control of the sensors is done other than to ensure the simple monitoring of the sun's course, during periods when the orientation of the sensors is chosen so as to meet the needs of the crops. The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments thereof, as well as on examining the appended drawing, in which - FIG. schematically, a system for producing electrical energy according to the invention; FIG. 2 schematically represents a system for controlling the orientation of a solar collector according to the invention; FIG. schematic the evolution in time of the light energy received by the cultures and the sensors, and - 4 to 7 illustrate examples of control of the sensors as a function of time.
    [0005] FIG. 1 shows an electric production system according to the invention, comprising a plurality of solar collectors 10 movable about respective axes of rotation R. These sensors 10 are held by a carrier structure 20, making it possible to save under the sensors 10 sufficient height for the passage of agricultural machinery, including a height of between 3 and 5 m. The supporting structure 20 comprises uprights 21 which support a frame 22 on which the sensors 10 are articulated. Each sensor 10 is pivoted about the corresponding axis R by means of at least one actuator 30. The actuators 30 are for example provided individually for each sensor 10, as illustrated. Alternatively, the same actuator 30 can rotate a plurality of solar collectors 10. The actuators 30 each comprise for example one or more electric motors, and are constituted for example by servomotors. The cultures C are placed in the shadow projected on the ground by the sensors 10. The crops C can be of any type and for example be market garden crops or vines. Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the position to be given to the sensors 10 can be determined by a local computer 40 which is connected via any power interface adapted to the actuators 30. The computer 40 preferably receives information from one or more local probes, for example a temperature probe 41 placed at the level of the cultures C and a humidity probe 42 placed in the soil at the level of the cultures C. Other sensors can be added, such as 1 rain gauge, anemometer, and / or a camera to visualize the state of development of the cultures, as well as one or more biosensors, if any. It is particularly advantageous, in general, to use a non-contact infrared sensor to measure the temperature of crops. It is thus possible to use an infrared camera which points to crops in different locations and makes it possible to calculate a spatially averaged temperature.
    [0006] The computer 40 can also exchange data, for example via a wireless telephone network, with a remote server 50, which can for example inform the computer 40 of the upcoming weather. The computer 40 can be made from any microcomputer or computer equipment for controlling the orientation of the sensors 10 according to one or more control laws giving the orientation to be imposed on the sensors according to the location, the date, time and a number of other parameters related to C cultures. The computer 40 may thus comprise a calculation unit and a local memory in which the measured local data, for example temperature data, can be recorded. of hygrometry and rainfall, in order to know the history of the environmental conditions of the crops. The computer memory may also include servo parameters which govern the orientation of the sensors according to the needs of the crops. These parameters can evolve over time and, depending on, for example, the season, give preference to sunshine or not to crops. The control law or laws can be initially programmed in the computer 40, or alternatively be downloaded by the computer 40 from the server dis. t 50, or be updated periodically by the remote server 50. In an exemplary embodiment, the computer 40 has an autonomous operation. Depending on the season, the date of sowing and possibly other parameters provided by the farmer, he automatically controls the orientation of the sensors 10 on a daily basis so as to satisfy the need for sunshine, temperature, temperature and humidity. hygrometry, rainfall of crops over a given period of time. In this case, the sensors are for example oriented for a fraction of the day to let as much light as possible, to the detriment of electricity production. Then, once the need for sunshine is satisfied, the sensors are brought by activating the actuators in an orientation aimed at maximizing the electricity production. If, however, the local temperature measured at the crop level is excessive, or greater than the set target, the orientation of the sensors may be altered to shelter the crops from the sun and to avoid overheating.
    [0007] In an alternative embodiment, the computer 40 receives instructions for controlling the sensors from the remote server 50, to which it can transmit, for example, local sunlight and temperature data, as well as data concerning the crops and their stage of development. . The server 50 transmits back to the computer 5 information concerning the orientation to be given to the sensors, in real time or over a certain future period. When the sensors 10 are oriented to maximize the p-Au, electric lion, they can follow in real time the race of the sun from east to west. FIG. 3 shows the evolution of the light energy received over time for the sensors and the crops. When sensors track the sun's course, they receive about a third of the light energy. Cultures receive two-thirds. It is possible to increase the amount of energy received by the crops by adjusting the orientation of the sensors so as to reduce the occultation of crops. A target amount of energy for a day can be set in advance based on the need for light energy from the crops, the energy deficit or surplus received the day before or the days before, and weather forecasts allowing estimate the amount of energy expected for this day j. Where applicable, the model that sets the target energy quantity is more elaborate and takes into account the price of electricity or its potential market valuation. In FIG. 3, the variation over time of the energy received until the target quantity is represented in dotted lines. To do this, the energy received by the crops is increased by decreasing the energy received by the sensors in favor of a less occultation of the crops. FIG. 4 shows the evolution of the angle of the sensors over time. Dashed is the curve that corresponds to a classic tracking of 'sun stroke. To increase the light energy received by the crops, the horizontal sensors can be left between sunrise and tl, then after t2 until sunset. Between t1 and t2, the orientation of the sensors is carried out so as to follow the course of the sun. Leaving the horizontal panels does not minimize the occultation but allows not to consume electricity to guide them.
    [0008] In the variant illustrated in FIG. 5, between sunrise and tl, the orientation of the sensors is modified to allow maximum light to pass to the crops, and also after t2 until sunset. FIG. 6 shows that the sensors are piloted as in the example of FIG. 4. However, between t2 and t3, sun tracking is reestablished in order to make crops benefit from maximum concealment in order to protect them excessive temperature In this example, the temperature of the cultures is monitored, for example by means of an infrared camera. It has been assumed in this example that the temperature exceeds a limit value at time t3. The control system of the panel then triggers the transition to sun tracking mode from t3 to sunset. An example of an evolution of the angular course of the sensors at the end of the winter period is represented in FIG. 7. It can be seen in this figure that the sensors are oriented during day 1 to minimize the occultation, orienting them substantially. parallel to the sun's rays over time. If the weather forecast announces a cold period without sun on day d, the sensors can be kept horizontal during the day and at night so as to reflect the maximum infrared of the soil towards the crops. At day d + 1, a piloting similar to that of day d-1 is performed.
    [0009] The amount of target energy for PE! jc j + 1 can be calculated from the quantity of light energy actually received by the cultures on the day and, possibly, the previous days. To determine the quantity of light actually received, a pyrometer or pyranometer can be used. Better, this energy is calculated from that received by the sensors, knowing their orientation and that of the sun and using a mathematical model that gives the average energy to the ground given the occultation provided by the sensors. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described. For example, the sensors used may be arranged to be steerable along two axes of rotation. The expression "comprising a" shall be understood as being synonymous with "comprising at least one" unless the contrary is specified.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A process for producing electrical energy using stepless photovoltaic sensors (10) arranged above crops (C), the shadow projected onto the crops is modified by the change of orientation of the sensors, this method is characterized by the fact that the orientation of the sensors is controlled automatically by computer, to act on the microclimatic conditions of the crops by means of a change of orientation of the sensors, in particular in order to place the crops in more favorable microclimatic conditions. to obtain a desired agricultural result, while seeking to achieve an optimum reducing as little as possible the production of electrical energy compared to a reference without combination with crops.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, the orientation of the sensors (10) being driven automatically by computer from at least data representative of local conditions of the crop environment, such as the temperature of the crops, the hygrometry of the soil. and / or rainfall.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the orientation of the sensors being modified according to at least one history of sunshine crops and / or rainfall.
    [0004]
    4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the sensors (10) are oriented in the evening so as to reflect at maximum or minimum towards the ground the thermal radiation of the soil during the night, in particular by being positioned horizontally.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the measurement of the temperature of the cultures, the control of the orientation of the sensors being effected at least as a function of the measured temperature, the temperature being preferably measured by help from at least one infrared camera.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the sensors (10) being arranged in spaced parallel rows.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the sensors (10) being orientable about a single axis of rotation (R), in particular substantially parallel to the north-south direction.
    [0008]
    8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, crops and vines.
    [0009]
    9. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, the crops being market gardening crops.
    [0010]
    10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the orientation of the sensors depending on the state of development of cultures.
    [0011]
    11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the orientation of the sensors being controlled so as to maintain the cultures in a predetermined maximum and / or minimum temperature range.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the orientation of the sensors being controlled according to a target quantity of target light energy, this amount of target light energy being in particular dependent on the crop requirements, the deficit or the energy surplus of the previous day or days, and / or weather forecasts.
    [0013]
    13. Electric power generation system, comprising: a carrier structure (20), steerable solar collectors (10) maintained at a distance from the ground by the carrier structure (20), - one or more actuators (30) for modifying the orientation of the solar collectors and the drop on the ground, a calculator (40) to automatically determine the orientation to be given to the sensors as a function of the need for sunshine of crops affected by the drop shadow of the sensors.
    [0014]
    14. System according to claim 13, comprising a temperature sensor (41) informing the calculator of the local temperature at the crop level, the temperature sensor is preferably an infrared camera. 25
    [0015]
    15. The system of claim 13 or 14, the computer (40) being arranged to determine the orientation of the sensors based on a history of sunshine and / or rainfall and / or the state of development of crops.
    [0016]
    16. System according to any one of claims 13 to 15, the computer being local. 30
    [0017]
    17. System according to claim 16, the orientation of the sensors being determined autonomously by the computer.
    [0018]
    18. System according to any one of claims 13 to 17, the calculator being at least partly delocalized.
    [0019]
    19. A method of cultivating plants, wherein the plants are cultivated to be affected by the shade brought to the ground by sensors (10) of a system as defined in any one of claims 13 to 18.
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    法律状态:
    2016-01-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-01-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-01-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1452587|2014-03-26|
    FR1452587A|FR3019274B1|2014-03-26|2014-03-26|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY SUITABLE FOR CROPS|FR1452587A| FR3019274B1|2014-03-26|2014-03-26|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY SUITABLE FOR CROPS|
    PT15715850T| PT3122172T|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    MA039791A| MA39791A|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    US15/128,719| US10492381B2|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    PL15715850T| PL3122172T3|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    CN201580027796.2A| CN106455496B|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Method for generating electricity suitable for crops|
    AU2015237855A| AU2015237855B2|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    ES15715850T| ES2745329T3|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electric power generation procedure adapted to crops|
    PCT/IB2015/052148| WO2015145351A1|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    EP15715850.2A| EP3122172B1|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    SI201530897T| SI3122172T1|2014-03-26|2015-03-24|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
    HRP20191643TT| HRP20191643T1|2014-03-26|2019-09-12|Electricity generation method adapted to crops|
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