DEVICE FOR DRIVING AT LEAST ONE SUBASSEMBLY SUITABLE FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND STORING

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device (1) for controlling at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy (2) and storing it in thermal form. The device according to the invention is distinguished by its ability to receive a setpoint to provide the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy (2) and storing it in thermal form a predetermined quantity of energy electric from an electrical installation (4). The invention also relates to the system (12) comprising a device according to the invention (1) and at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy (2) and storing it in thermal form. Another aspect of the invention is a method for operating a plurality of systems (12) within an electrical network as well as applications of this method for managing an electrical network comprising intermittently-generated power sources. . The invention is particularly intended for the management of an electrical energy distribution network comprising intermittent energy sources, energy storage, hot water supply and / or heating and / or or cooling and / or electricity.
公开号:FR3017941A1
申请号:FR1400496
申请日:2014-02-27
公开日:2015-08-28
发明作者:Jerome Gilbert
申请人:Ergylink；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] Device for controlling at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, associated system and method Technical field The invention lies in the field of management of electrical energy networks. State of the Prior Art Modern electrical distribution networks are increasingly complex as shown in patent FR2976415. They include a growing share of variable production and distribution infrastructure close to saturation in the face of ever-increasing demand. For example, the share of intermittent solar or wind-generated generation is growing steadily in the energy mix of most countries engaged in an energy transition approach towards more renewable energy. However, increasing the share of intermittent renewable energy sources in the energy mix beyond 30% requires the implementation of solutions to store the energy produced at times when it is surplus to the demand. to restore it at times when it is deficient. Among the storage solutions envisaged, the storage disseminated in thermal form is particularly advantageous especially in that the losses of transformation and transport are only experienced once. In this category of energy storage means, the installed pool of domestic hot water storage units constitutes a considerable storage capacity in most countries. For example, there are around 14.5 million water heaters in France, representing a storage capacity of more than 20 million MWh of electricity, or about 50% of the country's annual hydropower generation. The piloting of this type of device is traditionally enslaving their start and their shutdown at the tariff conditions of electricity. The best known case being the servocontrol of the operation of a water-electric heater at the off-peak / peak hour rate. Thus, the technical solutions implemented to control these devices in the terminal systems are interleaved with the tariff management solutions as shown in the patent FR2947396 and this within the fixed time periods specified in the tariff conditions. This way of controlling the energy storage means in thermal form in the existing electrical distribution networks is not fully satisfactory in that it does not allow to take into account in a short time the reality of production hazards. , especially those from intermittent sources. This invention falls within the general framework of smart grids ("smart grid" in English). DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to remedy at least partially the problems mentioned above by proposing a device for driving at least one subassembly able to transform electrical energy and to store it in thermal form comprising less an electrical charge of power. The device is arranged, according to a first characteristic, to receive a set whose reception triggers the supply by the device to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, a predetermined amount of electrical energy from a terminal installation of an electrical network including an electrical energy meter behind which the device is connected. One of the advantages of the invention over the solutions known to those skilled in the art is that the amount of electrical energy consumed is known independently of the energy metering system of the terminal installation concerned. It thus becomes possible for example to store electrical energy in contractual and economic frameworks distinct from those of the supply of energy for the other uses. This is made possible by the capacity of the invention to allow the compensation of the energy consumption relative to its implementation in the general metering and in the corresponding billing of the terminal installation. The invention makes it possible to store electrical energy at any time according to the needs of the electrical network and to automatically manage the repercussions on the associated billing. The decoupling made possible between the accounting of the overall consumption of an installation and the consumption resulting from the implementation of the invention inside this installation also makes it possible to offer a supply service. hot water and / or heat of electrical origin separated from that of the electricity supply itself. Another advantage of the invention over the solutions included in the state of the art is its low bandwidth requirement for the transmission of instructions. Indeed, the transmission of a single instruction is sufficient for the supply of a given amount of electrical energy. The receipt of the deposit by the device determines the beginning of the supply of energy. Stopping the supply of energy is managed locally by the device when the planned amount of energy has been consumed. The bandwidth required is even smaller in that the large amounts of energy to be stored in an electrical network involve the commissioning of a very large number of systems according to the invention. It is thus possible to issue the broadcast instruction in one or more branches of the telecommunication network associated with the implementation of the invention. The transmission of a single command can thus trigger the consumption of a predetermined large amount of electrical energy cumulating the consumption of a plurality of installations comprising one or more systems according to the invention. It is provided in the device according to the invention that the quantity of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form is estimated from the measurement the time during which the electrical energy is supplied to a predetermined power, the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form. The power of the controlled load can be predetermined in the device by any means such as for example by factory construction in the case of systems according to the invention forming a complete apparatus. The power of the load can also be adjusted or be the subject of a learning step during the installation of a device according to the invention for controlling an external power load. This alternative embodiment of the invention is advantageous in the case where the means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form have a constant power operation when they are supplied with constant voltage. Thus, measuring the energy consumed by the controlled load is counting the operating time of this load. A coefficient of proportionality allows the bijective transition from the quantity of time to the quantity of energy. Refinements to ensure and / or improve the accuracy of the time-energy conversion may be required to have the right to use the invention in economic transactions. It is thus planned to calibrate the time-energy conversation coefficient at the factory with a storage of the calibration result in a nonvolatile memory of the device, this to compensate for the insufficiently precise tolerance on the unit power of the means for transforming the device. electrical energy in thermal form. It is also planned to compensate for the possible variation of the unit power of the means for transforming the electrical energy between a cold start and the temperature reached in steady state.
[0002] It is also expected that the estimate of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form takes into account the power supply voltage. at least one electric power charge. This refinement makes it possible to take into account the fact that the supply voltage of the electrical network may not always be at its nominal voltage which is 230 V in Europe and 110 V in North America. Thus the correspondence coefficient between time and energy is automatically appropriately modified so that the conversion remains in the desired accuracy class within a given range of variation of the supply voltage. In the case of control by the device of a power load whose power supply can be interrupted by a thermostat or by any other intermediate control component or subassembly, the device will advantageously take account of the supply voltage of the power supply. power charge for interrupting or resuming the counting of the operation time of the load as part of the evaluation of the amount of electrical energy supplied. For example, a simple divider bridge or an optocoupler powered in parallel with the power load enable the microcontroller embedded in the device to detect whether the load is actually powered or not depending on whether the mains voltage is present or not. its terminals. When the same microcontroller is used for the implementation of the invention and to achieve for example a temperature control by controlling the power load in all or nothing, then the interruption or resumption of the counting of the operating time is programmatically in the software executed by the microcontroller of the device. It is also provided in the device according to the invention that the quantity of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, is calculated from the measuring the power consumed by said subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form during the time during which the electrical energy is supplied to it. This implementation variant integrates a subset of power measurement taking into account the current flowing in the load and its supply voltage. It is expected that the device further comprises first means for controlling first means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form by Joule effect, and second means for driving second means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form, said first means for transforming electrical energy in thermal form having an electrical power greater than said second means, said first and second means being separately and / or jointly controllable.
[0003] Said first and second means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form being included in the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form according to the invention. It is provided that said first and second means for transforming electrical energy into thermal form are implemented as physically separated subsets arranged to add their capabilities or within a single physical subset. For example, it may be the series installation in the hot water production plant of a building of a conventional cumulus where the water is heated by a resistance and a storage water heater where the The water is heated by a thermodynamic group. It is also expected that it may be an apparatus combining these two means of heating the same volume of material for storing heat. Indeed, the extra cost and space caused by the addition of a resistance in a thermodynamic heating apparatus are low. This combination of heating means offers the possibility, for example, of using a high-efficiency heating means under normal conditions of use while at the same time offering a greater capacity of consumption of electrical power to further charge the electricity network when it is necessary for its balancing.
[0004] It is expected that the device further comprises means for receiving at least one setpoint transmitted by remote control means. For example, it is expected that the device comprises a sub-assembly for receiving remote control commands from the electricity tariff management system, for example in France a 175 Hz or 188 Hz TCFM receiver or a compatible PLC receiver " Linky "(Online Carrier Currents). It is also planned to integrate in the device a radiofrequency or CPL reception or emission-reception subset, directly linked or via a local Internet gateway, with an "M2M" communication infrastructure. (from machine to machine) and / or "IoT" (Internet of Things). The invention is also particularly economical in bandwidth in that only is necessary the transmission of an instruction to start the electrical load controlled by the device to consume a predetermined amount of energy. A one-way communication system simultaneously addressing a plurality of recipients is sufficient to effectively implement the invention. The setpoint can indeed be reduced to a binary order without associated parameter. In this case this simple command directly controls the start of the electric charge to consume a predetermined number of kilowatt hours. The shutdown of the electrical load is managed locally by the device when the predetermined amount of energy since the start has been consumed. This is particularly advantageous in that it frees the control system from having to know the unit power of the load driven by each addressed device and having to manage the devices individually. It is intended to refine the implementation of the invention by coexisting commands associated with several levels of predetermined amount of energy. For example a storage command of 1 KWh, 2 KWh and 5 KWh. It is indeed undesirable to go below the unit of energy meter counting indexes of the installation, which is generally 1 KWH. It is also not desirable to have instructions for storing predetermined quantities of energy that are too high because the risk of reaching the limits of the storage capacity before having actually consumed the predetermined quantity of energy provided would be detrimental to the client. In practice, for devices with a unitary power generally between 1 and 3 KW, consumption / storage orders of 1 or 2 KWh are a good compromise between an operating time of between thirty minutes and two hours. This knowing that the nominal heating time of a standard electric water heater from a water at room temperature is generally of the order of 4 hours regardless of its capacity (the electric power of the heating body of each model is generally calculated to obtain a heating time of the order of 4 hours to bring 100% of the volume of water it contains to the set temperature). It is also intended to explicitly transmit as parameter of the command, the value of the predetermined amount of energy to be stored when the invention is backed by a sophisticated telecommunication system allowing it. The simultaneous group orders of a large number of devices of different powers are thus possible. These features of the invention also make it possible to reduce the latency times in the electrical network and to rapidly absorb large surpluses of unplanned electricity production, especially from sources with intermittent production. It is also expected that the device receives and interprets in an appropriate manner at least one other setpoint different from the at least one instruction to trigger the supply of a predetermined quantity of electrical energy. The at least one other setpoint being transmitted by remote control means and / or by management systems that are advantageously identical to those used to transmit the at least one instruction to trigger the provision of a predetermined quantity of electric energy. These are, for example, instructions for controlling the state of charges - controlled by changes in electricity tariff states, and / or for controlling the start-up or shutdown of charges in a specific manner. and / or for offloading the power loads in the appliances, for example in the case where the amount of energy consumed in an electrical network exceeds the amount of energy produced. It is expected that the device further comprises means for receiving at least one information transmitted by said electrical energy meter behind which it is connected. This is for example a capacity to receive information from the so-called "remote customer information" output of electronic meters deployed in France or any equivalent means allowing electrical energy meters to transmit information to devices. external. For example those used in Germany that are based on the IEC62056-21 standard operating an infrared link, or a USB connection, a proprietary wired connection, optical, radio frequency, CPL etc. This information is advantageously exploited by the device according to the invention to control in a conventional manner the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form as part of a recurrent basic operation. , for example in off-peak hours. This information can also be used to calibrate the device according to the invention as a function of the power measured by the meter when the power load is activated and / or the amount of power that disappears from the total quantity measured when the load is deactivated. . The information transmitted by the meter can also be used as remote control means of the device by the management system of the electrical network, for example by the method described in the patent FR1301944. It is also expected that the information transmitted by said electrical energy meter is a binary information from the state of a contact output of a relay output normally provided in the counter to control the operation of a heater storage water at advantageous tariff levels. It is expected that the device further comprises means for determining the amount of energy extracted from the at least one subset suitable for transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form during its use. . This is to determine the amount of energy extracted from the storage means for example in the context of the provision of a hot water supply service and / or heating and / or cooling. It is expected that the amount of energy extracted from the storage means is calculated and / or measured within the device from information from at least one sensor and / or a counter. The counting of the thermal energy extracted from the storage means can for example be done by means of an equation based on taking into account the temperature difference of two probes taken at the cold water inlet and at the hot water outlet, and the volume of water passing through a hydraulic meter. It is expected that the device further comprises means for receiving at least one information related to the volume of water extracted, and / or with the temperature of the extracted water, and / or with the temperature of the incoming water. at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form during its use. For example, it is intended to receive the pulses of a water meter equipped with a dry contact output and / or the signal of at least one temperature sensor placed at the appropriate locations of the hydraulic circuit in connection with the extraction. stored thermal energy. It is expected that the device further comprises means for transmitting to an information system at least one information relating to the state of the at least one subset adapted to transform electrical energy and to store it under thermal form. The invention is usable in the context of a management system transmitting unidirectionally and unconditionally to the devices according to the invention, instructions usually taking the form of a simple remote control command. In this case, it is up to the external management system to keep an energy account of each device or to run a model allowing it to know or estimate the amount of energy stored, and if necessary the amount of energy that can be used. still be stored under the control of each device according to the invention. When the invention is implemented in an electrical distribution network backed by a bidirectional telecommunication system having an individual addressing capacity, the state of each device can advantageously be traced back to the management system so as to render more precise management of available capacities at any time. According to the level of detail of the state of the at least one subassembly of which the device according to the invention is known and according to the possibilities of the transmission system of the return channel, it is provided for example that each device informs a management system of the amount of energy accumulated, where appropriate according to each modality implemented, the amount of energy that can still be stored. It can also be binary state information such as "maximum storage capacity reached", "maximum storage capacity reached" ... Other information of interest, if any, can also be transmitted by each device to a management system, for example the amount of heat extracted, the amount of water extracted, the temperature of the water extracted and / or incoming ... According to another aspect of the invention, it is provided a system capable of transforming a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and storing it in thermal form. The system according to the invention comprises a control device according to the invention and at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form. It is envisaged that the system according to the invention takes the form of at least two separate apparatuses, the control apparatus constituted by the control device according to the invention and at least one apparatus for transforming the electrical energy into heat and its storage in thermal form. It is also expected that the system according to the invention comprises at least one device incorporating in the same envelope, the control device according to the invention and an apparatus for transforming electrical energy into heat and its storage in thermal form. This apparatus may be supplemented by additional transformation and / or storage means. The functional connection between the device according to the invention and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form is for example ensured by the electrical connection of the supply wires of a storage water heater at the outlet of the device or at an external power relay controlled by the device according to the invention. It is also expected that the functional connection between the control device according to the invention and the controlled load is via a remote control radio frequency or CPL. In this case, the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and of storing it in thermal form is connected to the power supply network via at least one remote control receiver controlled remotely. by the device according to the invention inside the building. The alternative embodiment in the form of a separate control device is particularly suitable for the renovation of an existing installation already comprising a storage water heater while the implementation in the form of a device with integrated control according to the invention is rather new devices optimized to best exploit the invention. It is furthermore provided in the system according to the invention that the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form comprises means for transforming electrical energy into thermal form. thermodynamic type and means for converting electrical energy in thermal form by Joule effect. Thermodynamic type means are preferred for their high efficiency, their ability to produce hot or cold as needed. This being their operation is limited or impossible outside a given temperature range of the external exchanger. The invention provides for advantageously supplementing means for producing thermal energy for storage by heating means by Joule effect to increase or supplement the thermodynamic production. The use of the invention in the context of the management of the electricity distribution network, whether for storing excess energy from sources with intermittent production or for charging the network, for example to correct a problem of increase frequency, requires quickly mobilize a large cumulative power of charges. This objective is achieved more quickly by implementing Joule heating means in systems according to the invention. In addition, the marginal cost of adding a shielded resistor or a resistor on insulating support in an apparatus whose main thermal energy source is thermodynamic type is low. It is further provided in the system according to the invention that said subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in the form of heat relative to the ambient temperature. It is about producing and storing heat in any suitable material. It is further provided in the system according to the invention that said subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in the form of cold relative to the ambient temperature. It is furthermore provided in the system according to the invention that the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in a volume of liquid consisting mainly of water. . To store heat or cold, it is for example to use a directly used volume of water and / or heat transfer fluid in which are immersed means for producing thermal energy. In the case of closed hydraulic circuits, antifreeze and / or chemicals preventing the formation of sludge are added to the water. It is furthermore provided in the system according to the invention that the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy, at least in part, in a volume of solid material and / or phase change. This in particular when it comes to storing large amounts of energy and / or obtaining compact storage subassemblies. Massive materials are interesting for their mechanical robustness and high temperature storage. Phase change materials, judiciously selected according to their melting temperature relative to the storage temperature and optimal use in the context of implementation of the invention is particularly effective in terms of compactness. For the production of domestic hot water, phase change materials of the hydrated salt type are particularly indicated. For example, sodium acetate trihydrate has a melting point of 55-58 ° C and is not classified as toxic. This material can store 100 kWh between 55 ° C and 58 ° C in a volume more than 26 times smaller than that of water. The use of organic compounds such as paraffins and fatty acids is also provided as well as that of any other phase-change material encapsulated appropriately to allow adequate kinematics of heat exchange and safe retention of the material. For the production of convectors or reversible storage air conditioners according to the invention, both compact and of reasonable mass, hydrated salts having a high melting temperature are the phase change materials of choice. It may be, for example, sodium hydroxide having a melting temperature of 318 ° C. or any other phase change material having a suitable melting point. It is also planned to combine the storage of thermal energy in a volume of water and in phase change materials as will be seen later in the examples of implementation of the invention.
[0005] It is intended that the system according to the invention further comprises means for counting the energy in thermal form extracted during its use. These additional means are provided in the context of hot water supply and / or heat or cooling services for the air conditioning of buildings or for professional uses including manufacturing process and / or conservation. The implementation of the invention in this context makes it possible to decouple the consumption of electrical energy used to produce the stored thermal energy and for its use.
[0006] It is further provided in the system according to the invention that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is by means of an electric current. This for example in the context of a local micro-cogeneration of heat and electrical energy from the stored thermal energy. It is envisaged that the transformation of the heat-released thermal energy into electrical energy can be based on any known physical phenomenon, for example by direct thermoelectric conversion or by indirect conversion using principles of thermodynamics.
[0007] It is further provided in the system according to the invention that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is through a flow of air carrying it. This concerns, for example, an electric storage heating system or a reversible or non-accumulating air conditioner in which accumulated heat or cold is extracted as required by a flow of air produced by a fan. This also concerns, for example, a mechanical ventilation system with insufflation or double flow, with supply and storage of heat, or cold depending on the season if necessary.
[0008] It is further provided in the system according to the invention that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is through a volume of liquid carrying it. The liquid is running water when it is a question of production of domestic hot water or a circulating fluid in closed circuit for the heating and / or the cooling of premises by means of fan coil convectors with heat exchanger or exchanger tubes that are included in walls, ceilings or floors.
[0009] It is intended that the system according to the invention further comprises means for supplying a flow of air or liquid at a temperature different from the temperature at which the energy is stored in thermal form. For example, a chamber for mixing a flow of air at the temperature of the energy storage means in thermal form and a flow of air at room temperature so as to produce a flow of air at an intermediate temperature. In the case of a liquid flow, it is for example a mixer producing a flow of liquid at an intermediate temperature from a liquid flow at the temperature of the storage means and a flow of liquid which is at the inlet temperature in the storage means. Advantageously, the means for providing a flow of air or liquid at a temperature different from the temperature at which the energy is stored in thermal form comprises thermostatic means regulating the temperature of the flow supplied to a temperature. substantially constant value. These regulating means are for example mechanical thermostatic means based on the expansion of materials or electronic control means further comprising at least one temperature sensor and an electromechanical actuator. Of course, these solutions are transferable to cold storage, for example in the case of cold storage in the form of latent heat in a phase change material at a temperature lower than the temperature of use. It is expected that the system according to the invention forms an apparatus for producing domestic hot water storage.
[0010] It is intended that the system according to the invention further comprises a water meter and / or means for measuring the temperature of the extracted water and / or means for measuring the temperature of the incoming water. These additional means are provided in the context of a hot water supply service for billing purposes. It is envisaged that the system according to the invention forms an apparatus for heating and / or cooling with accumulation. The invention is thus implemented in the context of decentralized thermal energy production devices, such as convectors or storage air conditioners, or centralized as boilers or central heating and / or cooling accumulators . It is envisaged that the system according to the invention is arranged to offer at least two distinct modes of storage of electrical energy in thermal form, at least one modality for recurrent storage and at least one modality using a reserve of storage capacity in thermal form for occasional storage. The invention provides that the conversion of a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and its storage in thermal form can coexist in the same system according to the invention with a conventional service of transforming a non-predetermined quantity of energy. electrical energy and its storage in thermal form. In the case of an electric storage water heater for example, it is a question of being able to operate both according to the invention and to produce daily hot water for example by controlling its operation to the charging system of the system. electrical energy for heating during advantageous tariff periods, for example in off-peak hours in France. This object can be achieved within the framework of the same system according to the invention comprising a single subset for storing energy in thermal form, in this case the same volume of water and a single subset for transforming electrical energy in thermal form, in this case a submerged shielded resistance or a resistance on insulating support placed in a sleeve, or a hot heat exchanger of a thermodynamic type subsystem. However, in order not to render impossible the absorption and the storage of a predetermined quantity of energy because of the saturation of the storage capacities in the context of a traditional operation, it is preferred to implement the invention with a additional storage capacity reserved for it. The interest of an additional storage capacity is further reinforced in the context of an implementation of the invention not including transmission of information relating to the state of the subset for storing the energy in the form of thermal. In such an implementation context, the systems according to the invention are always deemed to be able to store in thermal form a new predetermined quantity of electrical energy and the management of the associated billing can not take into account a disability. physical to store more energy. An additional storage capacity, other things being equal, can advantageously be created by differentially managing the storage temperature in thermal form. For example for a storage water heater, in the context of traditional operation the water is heated during off-peak hours at a given first set temperature, for example at 65 ° C. The operation according to the invention is based on a second setpoint temperature higher than the first, for example 85 ° C. It is expected that the additional thermal storage capacity will be considerably increased by the combined use of phase change material with water as the thermal energy storage medium. The phase change temperature of the material being, for example, situated between the two reference temperatures so as to store heat energy in the form of latent heat in the phase change material only in the operating mode according to the invention. . The achievement of the second temperature occurs when the heat storage capacities in the form of latent heat are saturated and the material resumes a so-called sensible heat storage behavior, ie an increase in thermal energy stored in the material causes an increase in its temperature. It is expected that the system according to the invention further comprises means for contributing to the supply of energy in thermal form that are not connected to the electrical distribution network. These additional means are included in said subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form. This may be, for example, electrical heat generating means directly connected to a local source of production isolated from the network such as solar electric roof panels or a wind turbine. It can also be a heat exchanger connected to a circuit comprising a heat transfer fluid connected to solar thermal panels, a wood stove, etc. The system according to the invention also comprises, if necessary, at least one pump ensuring the circulation of heat transfer fluids if the so-called thermosiphon operation is not sufficient or not desirable. Means are provided for managing the circulation of heat transfer fluids so that it can generate only contributions of thermal energy in the storage means. Means are also provided to block any supply of heat energy that may represent a danger to people or equipment, for example in case of saturation of storage capacity when there is a risk of temperature rise approaching the temperature boiling material used for thermal storage. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating in an electrical network a plurality of systems according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of: continuous monitoring of the balance between the consumption and the production of electricity within said electricity network by an appropriate supervision and management system; Transmission by said appropriate supervision and management system, to a given plurality of systems according to the invention, of at least one instruction for transforming and storing a predetermined quantity of electrical energy, in order to consume a cumulative amount of predetermined electric power so as to adjust the electricity consumption to the production in the case of a given excess production. The method according to the invention further comprises the step of: storing, in at least one information system, at least one piece of information related to the transmission by said appropriate supervision and management system, to a determined plurality of systems according to the invention, at least one instruction for transforming and storing a predetermined quantity of electrical energy. The method according to the invention provides for example the storage in a database of the identification of installations comprising at least one system according to the invention to which the instructions are transmitted, predetermined quantities of electrical energy associated with the instructions, the number of systems according to the invention included in each installation and, where appropriate, their respective nominal powers, as well as the timestamp of the transmission of instructions. All or part of this information enabling appropriate corrections to be made in good time on index variations of energy meters impacted during given billing periods. The method according to the invention also comprises the step of: Correction within at least one information system, of at least one number relating to the counting of the electrical energy consumed in an installation where at least a system according to the invention is implemented, when the amount of electrical energy having been consumed by said system has been at least partly while an inappropriate counting index was activated in the counting means associated with said installation. For example, in the case of the double peak hour / French peak hour rate, if the balancing requirements of the distribution network require the transmission of a transformation and storage instruction for a predetermined quantity of electrical energy in peak hours while it is expected in normal use that this is done only in off-peak hours. A correction is provided a posteriori on the bill of the customer of the operator. This correction may, for example, be made on the basis of the counting indexes recorded or estimated expressed for example in kWh before the application of the tariff rules allowing the transformation of the quantities of energy consumed in monetary unit. It is also expected that this correction will be made in monetary units as part of the calculation of the net amount to be paid by the customer for a given billing period, starting from the amount that would have to be paid by the application of the tariff rules to the indexes. counted or estimated counts. The correction provided for in the accounts of a given installation consists, for example, in subtracting the predetermined quantity of energy or the corresponding sum in monetary unit from the inappropriate items, if necessary multiplied by the number of systems according to the invention implemented in this facility, and then add the previously subtracted quantities to the positions considered to be more appropriate. It is also planned to correct at least one digit to apply a specific economic model to devices and / or services implemented in the context of the invention. The invention also makes it possible to opt for a variant of simplified implementation of the device according to the invention when the corrections are calculated from a constant amount of energy consumption consumed as recorded over a given period by the meter. of energy from the facility that is licensed for financial transactions. In fact, under these conditions, means for estimating or measuring the quantity of electrical energy supplied, which would be insufficiently precise to allow economic transactions as such, are sufficiently precise to allow a correction of assignment of counting results. having the required precision. The same principle is applicable to more complex tariff structures such as the 6-index "Tempo" tariff, 3 types of days and periods in - 20 - full hours and off-peak hours in each day. The corrections require in this case a complete timestamp of the transmission of the instructions and the memory of the tariff schedule applicable to the client installation. The knowledge of the unit power of the loads in the database containing the information characterizing the systems according to the invention in the client installation makes it possible to recalculate the operating time of the loads and thus to make corrections prorata temporis when the period of consumption includes index changes. In practice, it will be preferred to round the corrections in the most favorable direction to the customer, both to simplify the implementation of the invention and to enhance its acceptability. It is intended to apply the method according to the invention for the management of an electrical energy distribution network comprising intermittently produced energy sources whose contributions are impossible to plan with certainty such as wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, solar power plants where electricity is produced by means of thermodynamic type etc.
[0011] It is intended the application of the method according to the invention in the context of a service of acquisition and storage of electrical energy produced in excess, and supply of the corresponding thermal energy in premises in a suitable form. It is a question of organizing and managing a storage capacity comprising a plurality of systems according to the invention, of exploiting it by implementing the method according to the invention in order to consume surpluses of production likely to unbalance a system. electricity network to resell energy stored in thermal form. It is intended the application of the method according to the invention in the context of a hot water supply service and / or heating and / or cooling and / or electricity. These supplies are used in domestic or professional premises or as part of industrial processes.
[0012] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, and the attached drawings in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a first variant of a diagram block of the device.
[0013] Figure 2 illustrates a second block diagram variant of the device. Figure 3 illustrates a first variant of the system in separate elements. Figure 4 illustrates a second variant of the system in separate elements. Figure 5 illustrates a third variant of the system in separate elements. Figure 6 illustrates a fourth variant of the system in separate elements.
[0014] Figure 7 illustrates a first integrated variant of the system. Figure 8 illustrates a second integrated variant of the system. Figure 9 illustrates a third integrated variant of the system. Figure 10 illustrates a fourth integrated variant of the system. Figure 11 illustrates a first variant of integrated water heater.
[0015] Figure 12 illustrates a second variant of integrated water heater. Figures 13a and 13b illustrate an integrated electric heating variant. Figure 14 illustrates the process steps in connection with the balance of the network. Figure 15 illustrates the process steps related to the valuation.
[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EMBODIMENTS Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description. In the accompanying drawings given by way of non-limiting examples: FIG. 1 illustrates a first block diagram variant of the system.
[0017] The block diagram of the system 12 comprises a device 1 according to the invention for controlling at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form comprising at least one electric power charge. The device 1 comprises a low voltage supply subassembly 3 supplying the voltages necessary for the operation of the other subassemblies from the voltage of the electrical installation 4 to which it is connected. At the heart of the device is the microcontroller 5 which manages the resources of the device by means of software contained in its program memory, a working RAM memory and a non-volatile memory for the permanent storage of operating parameters. and if necessary of functional states. Models of Atmel's "tiny" 8bit AVR family of microcontrollers (registered trademarks), or models of the Texas Instrument (trademark) 16bit "MSP430" family of microcontrollers, are particularly appropriate but many more Usable references also exist at other semiconductor manufacturers. A communication subassembly 6 ensures at least the reception of the instruction whose reception triggers the supply of a predetermined quantity of electrical energy. The use of all types of physical media and communication protocol is provided within the scope of the invention. It is also planned to use a transmitter capable of receiving and transmitting information to make the device compatible with certain telecom standards requiring bidirectional exchanges. When the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form is an electric charge that does not comprise power switching means or does not include an interface enabling device 1 to remote control, then switching means are integrated in a power interface 7. The power interface 7 comprises for example at least one electromechanical or static power relay and its control electronics. In the opposite case, the power coming from the electrical network, via possibly current measuring means, is supplied directly to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in form. thermal. It is also expected that the at least one subset of controlled power is remotely controlled by the device via any usual control means 8 of unidirectional or bidirectional type. The control means 8 communicate with the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form, for example by "pilot wire", by carrier currents, by radio frequency, by infrared or by all wired means. This makes it possible to use power switching means external to the device that are already implemented in controlled devices, for example to manage the at least one electrical power load within the at least one subassembly capable of converting electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form or regulating its temperature. In addition, when the device according to the invention does not include means for measuring the electrical power supplied, it is expected to acquire a signal in relation to the supply voltage of the power load. This refinement makes it possible to integrate the power in the estimation calculation of the energy supplied only when the at least one electric power load is actually powered. It also makes it possible, if necessary, to take into account the variations of the supply voltage with respect to its nominal value to correct the estimate of the energy supplied, for example by applying a coefficient of proportionality or corrections extracted from a table at the value of the nominal power of the at least one electric power charge.
[0018] According to the variants used to estimate or to measure the energy supplied, the device comprises means 9 for knowing the current flowing in the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it under thermal form and / or means 10 to know its supply voltage. Depending on the case of implementation, the means 10 take the voltage information at the most relevant place. For example at the level of the general power supply from the electrical installation 4 as in Figure 1 or directly across the power loads inside the block 2. In the diagram of Figure 1, the same microcontroller 5 is provided to implement all aspects of the invention including measuring the power consumed by the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and store it in thermal form if necessary. Of course, those skilled in the art will understand that all the well-known solutions for measuring power or electrical energy relying or not on the use of external integrated circuits specialized for metrology, using for example for the measurement of the current a shunt, a current transformer, a Hall effect sensor, Néel effect, a Rogowski winding probe can also be used without departing from the scope of the invention. A user interface 11 comprising at least one push button and a light indicator allows interactions between the device and the user. As the systems according to the invention comprise energy storage means, it is often advantageous for the user to benefit from a "gauge" type of information enabling him to know the state of the onboard storage capacities.
[0019] Figure 2 illustrates a second block diagram variant of the system. This figure differs from the previous one in that it comprises two subassemblies capable of transforming electrical energy 2a and 2b and storing it in thermal form. This variant corresponds to the case of a system 12 according to the invention forming an apparatus offering two modes of consumption of electrical energy. In the mode of consumption according to the invention where it is a matter of transforming a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, a traditional consumption mode is added, without limitation to a predetermined value of the quantity of electrical energy. supplied to the load by the device according to the invention. This block diagram corresponds for example to a heating or air conditioning unit comprising a subset of transformation and storage of the controlled energy according to the invention plus a traditional subset of immediate supply of heat or cold without storage. For example a convector with a traditional radiant panel immediate action to which an accumulation capacity is added for use of the heat stored in deferred time. Another example is an air conditioner containing in the same apparatus a subset capable of providing immediate service by thermodynamic means of high energy efficiency and a subset of heat storage heat and / or cold. It is also intended that all or part of the power subsystems, in particular the one intended to provide an immediate service, be remotely controlled by the device via any usual means, for example by "pilot wire" or by wireless remote control means. Figure 3 illustrates a first variant of the system in separate elements.
[0020] The system according to the invention 12 is implemented in the form of two separate devices 1, 2. The system according to the invention in this example forms a system for producing domestic hot water storage. The device according to the invention 1 connected to the electrical network 4 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form. The at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 in thermal form comprises in this example an electrical resistance or thermodynamic type heating means and a thermostat for regulating the temperature of the water, and if necessary a separate safety thermostat. The at least one subassembly capable of storing energy in thermal form is here a vessel comprising a volume of water. Figure 4 illustrates a second variant of the system in separate elements. The system according to the invention 12 is implemented in the form of two separate apparatuses 1, 2. The system according to the invention in this example forms a heating device with accumulation or mixed, that is to say accumulation and heating immediate. The device according to the invention 1 connected to the electrical network 4 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form. The at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 in thermal form comprises in this example an electrical resistance and a thermostat for regulating the temperature of the material used for storing energy in thermal form, and if necessary a separate safety thermostat. The at least one subassembly capable of storing the energy in thermal form is here a volume of solid material and / or phase change included in a suitable envelope and supplemented by means for extracting and returning the stored heat. Figure 5 illustrates a third variant of the system in separate elements. The system according to the invention 12 is implemented in the form of two separate devices 1, 2. The system according to the invention in this example forms a controlled mechanical ventilation system of the "insufflation" or "double flow" type. These active ventilation systems for the renewal of indoor air in buildings are characterized by fresh air being sucked outside and distributed inside the premises. These ventilation systems advantageously comprise means for heating or for preheating the air distributed in the premises. These devices generally installed in the attic or in the technical rooms are not constrained by their size, they can therefore advantageously integrate thermal energy storage means for implementing the invention. The device according to the invention 1 connected to the electrical network 4 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form. In this example, the subassembly 2 comprises an electrical resistance and a thermostat for regulating the temperature of the material used for storing energy in thermal form as well as, where appropriate, a separate safety thermostat. The at least one subassembly capable of storing the energy in thermal form is here a volume of solid material and / or phase change included in a suitable envelope and supplemented by means for extracting and returning the heat stored in the Distributed airflow.
[0021] Figure 6 illustrates a fourth variant of the system in separate elements. The system according to the invention 12 is implemented in the form of two separate apparatuses 1, 2. The system according to the invention in this example forms an accumulation or mixed air conditioning system, that is to say to accumulation and heating or immediate refresh. The air conditioning systems can advantageously implement the invention to store cold and / or heat at the appropriate times and for later use as needed. This type of device lends itself naturally to the implementation of the invention in that it already comprises sophisticated on-board management means and means for generating and controlling an air flow. The device according to the invention 1 connected to the electrical network 4 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2a, 2b and storing it in thermal form. The at least one subassembly adapted to transform electrical energy 2a, 2b in thermal form comprises in this example, a heat exchanger in the case of thermodynamic type means or an electrical resistance, a temperature control thermostat material used for energy storage, and if necessary a separate safety thermostat. The at least one subassembly capable of storing energy in thermal form is here a volume of phase-change material because of its compactness and its low mass. Indeed, the part of an air conditioner that is in premises is often suspended in the upper part of a wall. The volume of phase change material is included in a suitable envelope and supplemented by means for extracting and returning the cold or heat stored in the airflow leaving the air conditioner.
[0022] Figure 7 illustrates a first integrated variant of the system. This example of a system according to the invention 12 differs from that of FIG. 3 in that it takes the form of a single apparatus according to the invention, in this case an apparatus for producing domestic hot water with accumulation, in which the device 1 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and storing it in thermal form are integrated in the same envelope. Figure 8 illustrates a first integrated variant of the system. This example of a system according to the invention 12 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that it takes the form of a single apparatus according to the invention, in this case an electric storage heater, in which the device 1 and the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy 2a, 2b and storing it in thermal form are integrated. In this variant coexist an immediate effect heating subset 2b, for example by convection, by radiant or infrared resistive panel and a storage heat generation subassembly 2a. Figure 9 illustrates a first integrated variant of the system. This example of a system according to the invention 12 differs from that of FIG. 5 in that it takes the form of a single apparatus according to the invention, in this case a centralized mechanical ventilation device comprising heating means with accumulation, in which the device 1 and the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy 2 and store it in thermal form are integrated. Figure 10 illustrates a first integrated variant of the system.
[0023] This example of a system according to the invention 12 differs from that of FIG. 6 in that it takes the form of a single apparatus according to the invention, in this case an air conditioning apparatus with cold accumulation and / or heat, in which the device 1 and the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy 2a, 2b and store it in thermal form are integrated.
[0024] Figure 11 illustrates a first variant of integrated water heater. This example illustrates an apparatus for producing domestic hot water storage according to the invention 12 which also offers a traditional recurring operating mode of storage type during the off-peak hours of the electricity tariff. Both modes are managed by a device according to the invention 1 integrated in the shell of the water heater and connected to the electrical network 4. The device comprises means for interaction with the user 11 including display means indicating the state of storage capacities. A first sub-variant provides for using only one resistor 2 for the two traditional operating modes and according to the invention as well as the same vessel containing only water. A reserve of thermal energy storage capacity is specifically dedicated to the implementation of the invention, without significant modification of a hot water tank current. The goal is achieved by proper management of the temperature of the hot water produced. In this example, the water is heated daily during off-peak hours at a first thermostat setpoint temperature, for example at 65 ° C. When a set point of transformation and storage in thermal form of a predetermined quantity of electrical energy is received by the device, the operation according to the invention is then based on a second setpoint temperature of the thermostat which is higher than the first, for example 85 ° C. The increase in thermal energy thus stored results in an increase in the volume of hot water stored at the outlet of a thermostatic mixer 13 which produces a water at intermediate temperature close to the first set temperature by adding cold water to the water stored at the second set temperature. The thermostatic mixer also improves the safety of the users of the device by eliminating any risk of burns people that water at very high temperature could present. The thermostatic mixer can be mounted as an external component of the water heater in the same way as the expansion tank 14, necessary not to lose water through the safety valve during the heating taps closed cycles, or the group 15. The mixer can also advantageously be pre-assembled and integrated into the envelope of the device as all or part of the other essential accessories to form a complete device, enjoying a global thermal insulation of all its components to the inside an aesthetic envelope. The apparatus embodying the invention is thus ready for example to replace an old model of the same size to replace, the hydraulic and electrical connections being advantageously designed to be directly compatible with those of traditional models.
[0025] There is also provided a sub-variant exploiting a volume of phase change material 16 whose melting temperature is chosen between the two thermostat setpoints previously seen. The introduction of this material contained in a suitable envelope to allow efficient heat exchange, considerably increases the additional energy storage capacity according to the invention, for example to the point of -29- to be able to happen, if necessary, the mode traditional heating in off-peak hours to consume only the electrical energy produced by sustainable sources intermittent production if the invention is implemented by the network operator to store unexpected surpluses. The compactness afforded by the use of phase-change materials with regard to their large energy storage capacity in the form of latent heat makes it possible to implement the invention in electric water heaters having congestion and masses close to conventional models for a given capacity expressed in liters of water.
[0026] It is also provided in another sub-variant that the means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form used in the context of the invention 2a and for heating water in the traditional mode 2b are differentiated. This specialization is all the more interesting as the solution for traditional heating is highly energy efficient, for example a subset of thermodynamic type heat production. Joule heating is preferred for storage according to the invention in that maximizing the power of the electric load makes it possible to contribute more effectively to the balancing of the demand as a function of the production in the electrical network. This alternative embodiment also provides optional external thermal energy inputs 17 by means of a heat exchanger 18 placed in the common storage volume. These inputs can come for example from any source of heat, solar thermal panels, heat pump, geothermal, gas boiler, wood or fuel oil, district heating network etc. It is expected that the circulation of heat transfer fluid by circulation pump or by thermosiphon is done only when the contribution of the external source is positive. It is also expected that at least one means for transforming electrical energy in thermal form 19 is connected directly to a local production source 20 not connected to the power grid such as a wind turbine or electric solar panels. Safety devices are also provided to block the energy inputs to prevent the water, and / or the phase-change material, where appropriate, from reaching temperatures that are dangerous for people or for equipment. Figure 12 illustrates a second variant of integrated water heater. This variant differs from that of Figure 11 in that it is more particularly dedicated to the supply of domestic hot water by an operator possibly different from that providing the electrical energy of the installation. It may be for example an operator specialized in the supply of water that can, through the implementation of the invention, add a provision of hot water supply to its traditional customers already making the invoiced for a similar service. This operator can also provide consumption services of a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and / or services of erasure of charges to the manager of the electrical network, at times when it suits the latter. The operator can purchase electricity from the electricity distributor on which the installation depends, the latter relinquishing to his customer the corresponding quantities / amounts in his billing. The operator may also have no connection with his customer's electricity distributor and deduct from his own bills the costs of electricity to be reimbursed to his customer. Indeed, the electricity costs billed to the common customer by the distributor as part of his overall consumption of electrical energy can be easily reconstituted when the quantities of electricity consumed for the implementation of the invention are known. , the corresponding timestamps and the tariff subscribed by the customer from his electricity distributor as these are public. The means included in this variant of the device according to the invention to receive the instructions can be specific to this operator, for example by being connectable to a telecommunication network infrastructure of the type "Machine to Machine" with the main purpose to telerelever counters d water, gas, heat etc. in relation to the services offered by this operator. It may be a standard cellular type radio frequency network or a specific medium-range network with appropriately distributed hubs or a short-range radio frequency network connected for example to an Internet box at the customer's home, or to specific proximity concentrators or telecom standard access points of the "Femtocell" type. In this perspective, the technical solutions of the invention are based on a single electrical energy source 4 whose cost can be known and managed 35 as well as on counting means allowing the operator concerned to bill the service. supply of hot water. The most accurate way to bill is to do it in units of energy, for example in kWh, delivered in the form of hot water so that the price includes both the volume of hot water consumed over a period of time. given but also the temperature at which the hot water was supplied. This requires for example the addition of a volumetric meter 21, preferably installed on the cold water inlet to increase the longevity of the equipment, and two temperature probes 22 placed near the cold water inlet. and the hot water outlet. The microcontroller included in the device according to the invention 1 calculates the thermal energy extracted from the stock from the information from the temperature probes and those received from the impulse output of the volumetric meter. The quantity of water extracted counted over the billing period by the device is advantageously transmitted to the operator's information system to be deduced from the customer's general cold water consumption which is counted at the head of its hydraulic network and noted elsewhere. Figures 13a and 13b illustrate an integrated electric heating variant. Figure 13a shows the front view of the apparatus and Figure 13b a cross section of the same apparatus along the axis A-A '. This system variant according to the invention is an electric convector 12 having both a thermal energy storage capacity 23 for delayed heat recovery and immediate heat generation means 24. This variant is particularly advantageous in that the user thus benefits from a continuous heating service if necessary and without noticeable inertia. Indeed, the device according to the invention 1 is arranged to heat with the immediate heat production means when the heat previously stored has been consumed and it is still necessary to heat the room. Given the small size of a standard convector which is desirable to approach, the storage of a large amount of thermal energy requires the use of phase change material with a high melting temperature, for example between 250 and 350 ° C. At such temperatures, only electric heating by Joule effect is technically appropriate, for example implemented in the form of at least one shielded resistor in a stainless steel sheath which is immersed in the phase change material. The stored heat is extracted actively by means of a centrifugal fan 25 driven by the device 1. The circuit taken by the airflow is designed to eliminate any convective heat leakage when the fan extraction is stopped. The high temperature thermal storage subassembly is fixed in the housing of the apparatus so as to avoid thermal bridge heat leakage and is fully insulated by temperature appropriate materials. The resulting airflow 27 must have a relatively low temperature for reasons of comfort and safety of the people. Producing a flow of air resulting from the output of the apparatus which is at the appropriate temperature, from a heated air at high temperature 28 in contact with the envelope of the phase change material requires its mixing to a flow at room temperature 29. A mixing chamber 30 is thus provided, which furthermore advantageously comprises means for adjusting the mixture, such as a flap 31, the position of which is slaved to regulate the temperature of the air flow. 27 resulting from mixing. The solutions presented in this example of implementation are largely transferable to the cases of the air conditioner and that of thermal energy storage ventilation plants, whether it is a capacity to store heat or cold according to the device variants. FIG. 14 illustrates the steps of the method for producing actions making it possible to exploit the invention from the angle of balancing production and energy demand in an electrical network by acting on demand.
[0027] In the context of the continuous monitoring of the balance between the energy produced and the energy consumed within an electricity network, the energy produced is continuously compared with the energy consumed. If the quantity of energy produced exceeds the quantity of energy consumed (result Y on test 32), then the means for monitoring and managing the electrical network transmit 33, to a plurality of systems according to the invention disseminated in the network, a consumption setpoint of a predetermined amount of energy so as to adjust the amount of energy consumed to the amount of energy produced in the network. Prior to the transmission of the remote control commands to the appropriate systems according to the invention, the electrical network monitoring and management means calculate the cumulative additional consumption of energy that must be controlled to balance the network, it corresponds substantially to the difference between the cumulative energy produced and the cumulative energy consumed within the network. The means of monitoring and management of the electrical network determine, by requests in a database where are identified the systems according to the invention, the corresponding customer account, their address in the telecommunications network which is backed by the power grid to be able to remote control, where appropriate their nominal and / or residual unit energy storage capacity if the telecommunication network is bidirectional, the nominal power of the electrical load involved in the transformation of electrical energy into thermal energy for storage purposes, and by the execution of appropriate algorithms taking into account the addressing possibilities in the telecommunication network to remotely control the relevant systems according to the invention. An additional step 34 is provided in the method for registering in a database the event that is constituted by the fact that a system according to the invention determined, associated with a customer account has received at a given date and at a given time an order remote control to consume a predetermined amount of electrical energy. The purpose of this step 34 is to memorize information that can subsequently be used in the context of exploiting the invention from the economic point of view. The invention further provides that means are used in the same apparatuses and in the same associated management systems for offloading the driven power loads in the event that it appears that the energy demand in the electrical network exceeds the production. The marginal cost of this functional addition is almost nil in that it relies on the use of the same physical means as the invention, which only the embedded software in the devices 1 and in the associated management systems are to be modified. result.
[0028] FIG. 15 illustrates the steps of the method for producing information enabling the exploitation of the invention from the economic point of view. When an invoice has to be produced (result Y on test 35) for a given customer for a given consumption period, a database is searched in which are memorized the time-stamped events that are the transmission of remote control commands. to consume a predetermined amount of electrical energy according to the invention. If this exploration of the database reveals events resulting from the implementation of the invention for the given client over the given consumption period (result Y on test 36), then treatments 37 are executed to correct appropriately billing in view of the fact that said events have generated energy consumption that has been counted in at least one index associated with given tariff conditions. Thus the economic effects, according to the general tariff conditions applicable during the period of consumption of interest, which result from the implementation of the invention may be erased and replaced by others, these economic effects being determined by the application tariff conditions specifically applicable to energy consumption resulting from the implementation of the invention. It is also planned, where appropriate, to appropriately correct the billing of cold water consumption in the context of a hot water supply service. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous adjustments can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, in particular by combining several variants in the same implementation or by combining differently from the elements taken in several examples.

权利要求:
Claims (32)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for driving at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy (2) and storing it in thermal form comprising at least one electric power load, the device being characterized in that it is arranged to receive an instruction whose reception triggers the supply by the device to the at least one subassembly able to transform electrical energy (2) and to store it in thermal form, a predetermined quantity of electrical energy from a terminal installation of an electrical network comprising an electrical energy meter behind which the device is connected.
[0002]
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, is estimated from the measuring the time during which the electrical energy is supplied to a predetermined power, to the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form.
[0003]
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the estimate of the amount of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form takes into account the supply voltage of the at least one electrical power load.
[0004]
4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of electrical energy supplied to the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form is calculated from the measurement the power consumed by said subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form during the time during which the electrical energy is supplied to it.
[0005]
5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, first means for controlling first means for transforming the electrical energy in thermal form Joule effect, and second means for driving second means for transforming electrical energy into thermal form, said first means for transforming electrical energy into thermal form having an electrical power greater than said second means, said first and second means being separately and / or jointly controllable.
[0006]
6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means for receiving at least one setpoint transmitted by remote control means.
[0007]
7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means for receiving at least one information transmitted by said electrical energy meter behind which it is connected.
[0008]
8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means for determining the amount of energy extracted from the at least one subassembly able to transform electrical energy and to store it in thermal form during its use. 25
[0009]
9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means for receiving at least one information related to the volume of water extracted, and / or with the temperature of the extracted water and / or with the incoming water temperature, the at least one subset adapted to transform electrical energy and store it in thermal form during use.
[0010]
10.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means for transmitting to an information system at least one information relating to the state of at least one sub- -A set suitable for transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form.
[0011]
11. System (12) capable of transforming a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and storing it in thermal form, characterized in that it comprises a control device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and at least a subset capable of transforming electrical energy (2) and storing it in thermal form.
[0012]
12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form comprises means for converting electrical energy into thermal form of the type thermodynamics and means for transforming electrical energy in thermal form by joule effect.
[0013]
13. System according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that said subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in the form of heat relative to the temperature. room.
[0014]
14. System according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that said subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in the form of relatively cold. at room temperature.
[0015]
15. System according to one of claims 11 or 14, characterized in that the at least one subset capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy in a volume of liquid mainly consisting of water.
[0016]
16. System according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and storing it in thermal form stores the energy, at least in part. , in a volume of bulk material and / or phase change. 25 30 35-38-
[0017]
17. System according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that it further comprises means for counting energy in thermal form extracted during its use.
[0018]
18. System according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is by means of an electric current.
[0019]
19. System according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is via a flow of air. carrying.
[0020]
20. System according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that at least a portion of the energy in thermal form extracted during its use is through a liquid flow carrying it .
[0021]
21. System according to any one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that it further comprises means for providing a flow of air (30) or liquid (13) at a temperature different from the temperature at which is 20 stored energy in thermal form.
[0022]
22. System according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that it forms an apparatus for producing domestic hot water storage. 25
[0023]
23. System according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that it further comprises a water meter and / or means for measuring the temperature of the extracted water and / or means for measuring the temperature of the extracted water. incoming water temperature. 30
[0024]
24. System according to any one of claims 11 to 23, characterized in that it forms an apparatus for heating and / or cooling accumulation.-39-
[0025]
25. System according to any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that it is arranged to provide at least two distinct modes of storage of electrical energy in thermal form, at least one modality for recurrent storage and at less a modality exploiting a reserve of storage capacity in thermal form for occasional storage.
[0026]
26. System according to any one of claims 11 to 25, characterized in that it further comprises means for contributing to the supply of energy in thermal form which are not connected to the electrical distribution network.
[0027]
27. A method for operating in a power grid a plurality of systems capable of transforming a predetermined quantity of electrical energy and storing it in thermal form according to any one of claims 11 to 26, characterized in that it comprises the stages of: - Continuous monitoring of the balance between the consumption and the production of electricity within the power grid by an appropriate supervision and management system; 20 - Transmission by said appropriate supervision and management system, to a given plurality of systems according to any one of claims 11 to 26, of at least one instruction for transforming and storing a predetermined quantity of electrical energy to consume a cumulative amount of predetermined electrical energy so as to adjust the power consumption to the production in the case of a given excess production.
[0028]
28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that it further comprises a step of: storing in at least one information system, at least one information related to the transmission by said supervisory system and suitable management means, at a predetermined plurality of systems according to any one of claims 11 to 26, of at least one instruction for transforming and storing a predetermined quantity of electrical energy.
[0029]
29. The method of claim 28, characterized in that it further comprises a step of: Correction in at least one information system, at least one digit related to the counting of electrical energy consumed in an installation where at least one system according to any one of claims 11 to 26 is implemented, when the amount of electrical energy having been consumed by said system has been at least partly while an index incorrect counting was activated in the counting means associated with said installation.
[0030]
30.Application of the method according to claims 27 to 29 for the management of an electrical power distribution network comprising intermittently produced energy sources.
[0031]
31.Application of the method according to claims 27 to 29 in the context of a service of acquisition and storage of electrical energy produced in excess.
[0032]
32. Application of the method according to claims 27 to 29 in the context of a supply service hot water and / or heating and / or cooling and / or electricity.25.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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FR3017941B1|2018-07-13|

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CN106068435A|2016-11-02|

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WO2015128762A2|2015-09-03|

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CN106068435B|2019-07-12|

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WO2015128762A3|2015-11-05|

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US20160370125A1|2016-12-22|

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EP3111154A2|2017-01-04|

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EP3111154B1|2021-11-10|

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法律状态:
2015-12-04| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2017-01-16| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

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2018-01-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |

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2020-02-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |

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2021-01-15| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR1400496A|FR3017941B1|2014-02-27|2014-02-27|DEVICE FOR DRIVING AT LEAST ONE SUBASSEMBLY SUITABLE FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND STORING IT IN THERMIC FORM, SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF|

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FR1400496|2014-02-27|FR1400496A| FR3017941B1|2014-02-27|2014-02-27|DEVICE FOR DRIVING AT LEAST ONE SUBASSEMBLY SUITABLE FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND STORING IT IN THERMIC FORM, SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF|

---

EP15741321.2A| EP3111154B1|2014-02-27|2015-02-09|Device for driving at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and of storing said energy in thermal form, associated system and method|

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US15/122,371| US20160370125A1|2014-02-27|2015-02-09|Device for driving at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and of storing said energy in thermal form, associated system and method|

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CN201580011231.5A| CN106068435B|2014-02-27|2015-02-09|For driving at least one being capable of converting electrical energy and the equipment of component and related system and method that store the energy in the form of heat|

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PCT/IB2015/050973| WO2015128762A2|2014-02-27|2015-02-09|Device for driving at least one subassembly capable of transforming electrical energy and of storing said energy in thermal form, associated system and method|