• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method of manufacturing a blade guard edge, in which a protective edge (30) is provided and subjecting this protective edge (30) to an electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment. Protective edge (30) manufactured by this method.
    公开号:FR3017884A1
    申请号:FR1451482
    申请日:2014-02-25
    公开日:2015-08-28
    发明作者:Jeremie Christian Andre Cotinot；Alain Viola
    申请人:Messier Bugatti Dowty SA；SNECMA SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a blade protection edge and its method of manufacture. It may be, in particular, a protective edge of a turbomachine blade. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART In the field of aeronautics and more particularly that of aircraft turbojets, reducing the mass of the constituent elements of the turbojet engine is a constant concern. This concern has led to the development of fan blades or straighteners made of organic matrix composite material, these composite vanes being lighter than metal vanes. The leading edge of the composite blades is generally too sensitive to erosion and possible shocks (birds, gravel, ice, sand, etc.) to be used without protection. Also, it is common to use a protective edge, metallic or plastic, glued on the body of the dawn. It is then this edge of protection that defines the leading edge of the dawn. For example, the patent document WO2013021141 describes such a protective edge. The adhesion of the protective edge to the body of the blade is an essential aspect. To improve this adhesion, according to a known method, a number of intermediate layers, e.g. a polyurethane film or a bonding primer, are deposited between the body and the blade strengthening edge. According to another method, the surfaces to be bonded are mechanically prepared, for example by sanding or scraping. Although satisfactory, these methods are considered too long, too complex and / or too expensive to manufacture. In addition, the aforementioned intermediate layers may contain certain substances considered to be harmful to the environment and being withdrawn by international institutions (such as the REACH system in Europe). There is therefore a need for a new type of protective edge that effectively protects the blade while being easy to attach to the body thereof.
    [0002] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION The subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a blade protection edge, in which a protective edge is provided and this protective edge is subjected to an electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment. .
    [0003] The electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment is a surface treatment technique, known per se, which consists of immersing a substrate in an electrolytic bath and anodising this substrate with a high voltage in order to reach the breakdown voltage. of the insulating oxide layer initially formed on the surface of the substrate in the first moments of the treatment. Micro-arcs then begin and move on the submerged surface of the substrate. This technique makes it possible to create on the surface of the substrate a coating having a particular structure and physico-chemical properties through the formation of an oxide layer composed of the constitutive elements of the substrate, on the one hand, and the incorporation into the oxide layer of chemical species initially present in the electrolytic bath on the other hand. At the end of the treatment, the coating obtained has a dense structure and hard core and porous surface. This technique is also called in the literature "micro-arc plasma oxidation treatment" or, more simply, "micro-arc oxidation treatment". In the proposed application, the protective edge is used as a substrate and the micro-arc oxidation treatment makes it possible to form on the surface of the protective edge a coating which, on the one hand, is dense and hard to the core and, on the other hand, porous on the surface. The hardness of this coating effectively protects the blade against erosion or possible impacts, while the surface porosity of the coating facilitates and improves the attachment of the coating, particularly when it is bonded, providing good grip for the adhesive used. The protective edge may be anodic metal and, in particular, titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy. When the protective edge is made of titanium or titanium alloy, the coating formed on the protective edge is composed mainly of titanium oxide. In some embodiments, the protective edge has an opposite outer face and an inner face, the outer face partially defining the aerodynamic surface of the blade, and the inner face being configured to be fixed to the body of the blade . The outer face can be polished after the micro-arc oxidation treatment, in order to reach a level of roughness according to a certain level of aerodynamic requirements. After polishing, the dense and hard structure of the coating is found on the surface. The superficial porosity and the roughness of the inner face can be preserved in order to promote the physicochemical adhesion (e.g. gluing) of the protective edge to the body of the blade. In particular, the inner face may not be polished after the micro-arc oxidation treatment. The composition of the electrolytic bath used during the treatment may also be chosen so that the porous surface of the internal face incorporates particular chemical species that promote physicochemical adhesion. In some embodiments, the electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment comprises the following steps: the protective edge is immersed in an electrolytic bath, the protective edge forming a first electrode, a second electrode is immersed (also called counter-electrode) in the electrolytic bath, and - a first voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
    [0004] The second electrode may be disposed in the electrolytic bath in front of the internal face of the reinforcement, in order to facilitate the treatment of this internal face which generally has a geometry that is less favorable to the treatment than the external face. Typically, the inner face of the reinforcement is concave (i.e. hollow), while the outer face is convex (i.e. curved).
    [0005] It may have a cross section substantially U-shaped to be positioned astride the body of the blade. This reinforcement may have a base which constitutes the thickest part of the protective edge. The outer face of this base can define the leading edge (or the trailing edge) of the blade. This base can be extended by two lateral flanks respectively on the intrados and extrados side of the blade. The outer faces of these flanks respectively define, in part, the intrados and extrados faces of the blade. In cross-section, the profile of these flanks may become thinner as one moves away from the base. The protective edge can be fixed on the body of the blade, over all or part of the height thereof. The invention also relates to a protective edge made according to the method described above and a blade comprising such a protective edge. It may be a turbomachine blade, in particular an aeronautical turbomachine fan blade (e.g., an aircraft turbojet engine). It could also be a dawn, or blade, propeller. The blade may comprise a body, or central portion, of organic matrix composite material. It may be, for example, a composite blade obtained by draping a woven material. Still by way of example, the composite material used may be composed of an assembly of woven carbon / plastic fibers and a resinous matrix (eg an epoxy, bismaleimide or cyanate ester matrix), the whole being formed by molding, eg by means of a RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) type vacuum resin injection process. The protective edge can be fixed on the central part, in particular by gluing, and define the leading edge or the trailing edge of the blade. The above-mentioned features and advantages of the invention, as well as others, will be apparent from the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiment (s) of the invention. This detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings are diagrammatic and are not to scale, they are intended primarily to illustrate the principles of the invention. In these drawings, from one figure (FIG) to another, elements (or parts of elements) are identified by the same reference signs.
    [0006] FIG 1 is a side view of a blade comprising a protective edge. FIG 2 is a partial view of the blade of FIG 1, in section along the transverse sectional plane A-A. FIG 3 is a general view of an electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment plant. FIG. 4 schematically represents, in section, the structure of an exemplary coating created by the electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment on the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 and 2 show a turbine engine blade 10. It may be an aircraft jet engine fan blade. This blade 10 is intended to be located in the flow of fluid passing through the turbomachine. Upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the normal flow direction of this fluid. The aerodynamic surface 12 of the blade extends, from upstream to downstream, between a leading edge 16 and a trailing edge 18, and in a longitudinal direction 20 between a foot 22 and an apex 24. The blade 10 is fixed by its foot 22 to a rotating carrier disk, common to several blades. The upper surface 13 and the lower surface 11 are the lateral faces of the aerodynamic surface 12 of the blade which connect the leading edge 16 to the trailing edge 18. The blade 10 comprises a body 9 on which is This protective edge 30 extends over the entire height of the aerodynamic surface 12 of the blade 10, in the longitudinal direction 20. The protective edge 30 has an outer face 31 and an inner face 32 opposite. The outer face 31 of the protective edge 30 defines the leading edge 16 and a portion of the extrados face 13 and the lower surface face 11. The remainder of the extrados face 13 and the intrados face face 11 and the trailing edge 18 are defined by the body of the blade 9. The inner face 32 of the protective edge 30 is in contact with the body 9.
    [0007] The protective edge 30 has a substantially U-shaped section and is positioned astride the edge of the body 9. This reinforcement has a base 39 which is the zone of greater thickness of the reinforcement and which defines the leading edge 16 This base 39 is extended by two lateral flanks 35 and 37 situated respectively on the intrados and extrados side of the blade 10. The flanks 35, 37 have, in cross-section (see FIG. Thinned towards the trailing edge 18. FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of a micro-arc electrolytic treatment plant 1. This installation comprises a tank 2 containing an electrolytic bath 3 or electrolyte. For example, this electrolytic bath consists of an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., potassium or sodium) and an oxyacid salt of an alkali metal. Inside the electrolytic bath 3 plunge, on the one hand, a substrate 5 forming a first electrode or "anode", made of metal or metal alloy and having semiconductor properties and, on the other hand, minus a second electrode 4 called "counter-electrode" or "cathode". The installation also comprises a power supply source 6, a voltage generator 7 and control means (for example, a microcomputer) controlling and controlling the variable parameters according to the processing sequences. This installation makes it possible to form a coating on the substrate 5 by transforming the constituent metal of this substrate 5. The operation and control of such an installation being known from the prior art, they will not be described in more detail.
    [0008] In the proposed method, the substrate 5 is formed by the protective edge 30. For example, the protective edge 30 is made of titanium or titanium alloy. The ranges of use of the installation 1 to create a coating on this protective edge 30 are, for example, the following: current density: from 20 to 400 A / dm2; - Voltage: from 200 to 1000 V, more particularly from 400 to 800 V; - Frequency of the pulses: from 10 to 500 Hz; - Load ratio qp / qn: from 0.4 to 1.8; - Duration of treatment: from 10 to 90 min; - Bath temperature: 10 to 40 ° C; bath pH: from 6 to 14; - Conductivity of the bath: from 100 to 1000 mS / m.
    [0009] The electrolytic bath 3 can comprise demineralized water and a mixture of potassium and / or sodium salts in various forms such as hydroxides, silicates, aluminates, phosphates, thiosulfates, tungstates or even vanadate, with a composition of between 0.degree. , 1 and 50 g / I.
    [0010] To facilitate the treatment of the inner face 32 of the protective edge 30, the second electrode or against electrode 4 may be disposed facing this inner face 32 and, in particular, be arranged between the sidewalls 35, 37 of the protective edge 30 and / or have a geometry similar to the first electrode 5. In the example of FIG 3, two counter electrodes 4 are used and disposed on either side of the protective edge 30, very close to it. FIG. 4 schematically shows, in section, the structure of an exemplary coating 50 created by the electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment on the substrate 5. In this example, the coating 50 has a porous layer 52 and a superficial layer denser 51 is between the porous layer 52 and the substrate 5. The dense layer 51 is denser and harder than the porous layer 52. As illustrated, the porous layer 52 has a relatively high porosity and a rough outer surface 53. After the micro-arc oxidation electrolytic treatment, the outer face 31 of the protective edge 30 can be polished, in particular by tribofinishing or by means of conventional silicon carbide abrasive discs having a decreasing particle size of 80 to 4000 grains per cm 2 or equivalent. For example, the level of roughness desired for the outer face 31 may be of the order of 0.6 microns, which corresponds to a certain level of aerodynamic requirements. This polishing step, in the case of the coating 50 of FIG 4, amounts to removing the porous layer 52, as schematized by the dotted line D. The dense layer 51 is thus found on the surface and exposed.
    [0011] The inner face 32 of the protective edge, it can remain raw, i.e. not be polished. In the case of the coating 50 of FIG 4, this amounts to preserving the multilayer structure shown. Thus, when the protective edge 30 has a coating 50 of the type of FIG 4, the outer face 31 of the protective edge 30 is defined by the outer face of the dense layer 51, delimited by the dotted line D, while the inner face 32 of the protective edge 30 is defined by the outer face 53 of the porous layer 52. The protective edge 30 thus has a hard and smooth outer face 31, improving the protection of the blade 10 and compatible with a certain level of aerodynamic requirements, and a porous and rough internal face 32 favoring the bonding of the protective edge 30 to the body 9 of the blade 10. The embodiments or examples of embodiment described in the present description are given by way of illustration and not limiting, a person skilled in the art can easily, in view of this presentation, modify these modes or embodiments, or consider others, while remaining within the scope of the invention. In addition, the various features of these modes or embodiments can be used alone or be combined with each other. When combined, these features may be as described above or differently, the invention not being limited to the specific combinations described herein. In particular, unless otherwise specified, a characteristic described in connection with a mode or example of embodiment may be applied in a similar manner to another embodiment or embodiment.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of manufacturing a blade guard edge, in which a protective edge (30) is provided and subjecting this protective edge (30) to an electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment.
    [0002]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein the protective edge (30) has an outer face (31) partially defining the aerodynamic surface of the blade (10), and wherein the outer face (31) is polished after the electrolytic micro-arc oxidation treatment.
    [0003]
    3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the micro-arc oxidation electrolytic treatment comprises the following steps: the protective edge (30) is immersed in an electrolytic bath (3), the protective edge forming a first electrode, a second electrode (4) is immersed in the electrolytic bath, and a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes.
    [0004]
    4. The method of claim 3 wherein the second electrode (4) is disposed in the electrolytic bath (3) facing the inner face (32) of the protective edge.
    [0005]
    5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protective edge (30) is anodisable metal, in particular titanium or titanium alloy.
    [0006]
    A protective edge made by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
    [0007]
    7. A blade comprising a protective edge according to claim 6 and a body (9) of organic matrix composite material, the protective edge (30) being fixed by gluing to the body (9) and defining the leading edge (16). ) or the trailing edge (18) of the blade (10).
    [0008]
    8. blade according to claim 7, this blade (10) being an aeronautical turbomachine fan blade.
    [0009]
    9. A turbomachine comprising a blade (10) according to claim 7.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP6553073B2|2019-07-31|
    CN106460220B|2019-11-05|
    FR3017884B1|2017-09-22|
    WO2015128575A1|2015-09-03|
    CA2940563C|2021-09-14|
    EP3110989A1|2017-01-04|
    US10801122B2|2020-10-13|
    CN106460220A|2017-02-22|
    JP2017509792A|2017-04-06|
    CA2940563A1|2015-09-03|
    EP3110989B1|2020-11-04|
    US20170016134A1|2017-01-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20020174940A1|2001-05-15|2002-11-28|Nitowski Gary A.|Adhesive bonding process for aluminum alloy bodies including hypophosphorous acid anodizing|
    US20060016690A1|2004-07-23|2006-01-26|Ilya Ostrovsky|Method for producing a hard coating with high corrosion resistance on articles made anodizable metals or alloys|
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    CN109609888A|2018-11-29|2019-04-12|沈阳富创精密设备有限公司|A kind of plasma spray coating yttria coating preparation method for preventing boundary from falling off|
    EP3719181A3|2019-04-05|2020-11-18|Eloxalwerk Ludwigsburg Helmut Zerrer GmbH|Oxide layer and method of forming a thermally relaxed oxide layer|
    法律状态:
    2016-02-15| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-02-13| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-06-23| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SNECMA, FR Effective date: 20170518 Owner name: MESSIER-BUGATTI-DOWTY, FR Effective date: 20170518 |
    2018-01-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2018-02-02| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES, FR Effective date: 20170719 Owner name: SAFRAN LANDING SYSTEMS, FR Effective date: 20170719 |
    2020-01-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-01-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    2022-01-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1451482A|FR3017884B1|2014-02-25|2014-02-25|DUST PROTECTION EDGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE|FR1451482A| FR3017884B1|2014-02-25|2014-02-25|DUST PROTECTION EDGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE|
    CN201580010477.0A| CN106460220B|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Blade protection edge and the method for manufacturing the edge|
    JP2016553868A| JP6553073B2|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Protective edge for blade and method of manufacturing said edge|
    PCT/FR2015/050439| WO2015128575A1|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Protective edge for a blade and method of manufacturing said edge|
    CA2940563A| CA2940563C|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Protective edge for a blade and method of manufacturing said edge|
    EP15711250.9A| EP3110989B1|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Protective edge for a blade and method of manufacturing said edge|
    US15/121,302| US10801122B2|2014-02-25|2015-02-24|Protective edge for a blade and method of manufacturing said edge|
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