• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The device comprises a set of electronic switches having a common structure and forming electrical energy conversion modules (12, 13, 14) and a DC power bus on which the modules are connected in parallel. These modules are controlled by a control circuit (22) so as to provide electrical energy from external power sources on the DC power bus or to draw electrical energy on the same bus to perform the reloading batteries. The device comprises at least one AC-DC conversion module (12) configured to perform the rectification of an AC mains network and supply the DC bus, a DC-DC conversion module (14) configured to carry out the charging of a a user battery from the DC Bus and a DC-DC conversion module (13) configured to alternatively allow the recharging of a storage battery from the DC Bus or the discharge of the same battery thereon. The different modules are mounted on a reception structure forming a heat sink (27).
    公开号:FR3015802A1
    申请号:FR1363399
    申请日:2013-12-23
    公开日:2015-06-26
    发明作者:Eric Stempin；Romain Duponcheel
    申请人:Evtronic；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Compact and modular power supply unit, multi-converters, especially for fast charging stations for electric vehicles. The invention relates to the general field of electrical energy conversion and storage systems. It relates more particularly to fast recharging terminals of electric vehicle batteries or more generally the equipment performing the fast charging of high power batteries from, in particular, AC mains power.
    [0002] In the field of the charging of high power batteries from the mains, batteries such as those that equip electric vehicles for example, special attention is usually paid to the electrical power that is required to the mains network. This is particularly the case for the equipment integrated into charging stations of electric vehicles arranged in public places, for which, because of their implementation, the normally available mains network is a network limited in power.
    [0003] Due to this limitation, it is necessary to set up means to obtain the best possible performance regarding the use of the electrical power supplied by the mains current. Moreover, because of this limitation, it is sometimes impossible to perform a rapid charging of the batteries of an electric vehicle from the single mains current throughout the duration of the load. For this reason, the fast charging terminals can incorporate auxiliary electrical power supply devices that come during certain phases of the load to supplement the supply of electrical energy required to the mains network so as to limit the power consumed to a minimum. value less than the maximum available power of the network. These ancillary devices are for example constituted by buffer batteries, kinetic energy accumulators, photovoltaic generators, or any other source of electrical energy. The use of ancillary devices for the supply of electrical energy is generally accompanied by the installation in terminal 5 of complementary equipment making it possible to carry out the summation of the current supplied by the ancillary devices and of the one drawn from the mains network in such a way that to supply the battery being charged with the desired charging current. Furthermore, in the case where the auxiliary device for supplying electrical energy is a buffer battery or reversible energy sources, the charging station must comprise the equipment necessary for periodic recharging of the buffer battery or sources of energy. reversible energy. As a result, the installation of all these equipment in a charging terminal, ie in a relatively small installation, as well as the realization of the interconnection cabling connecting these devices to each other, constitute a difficult operation to achieve. because of the implementation constraints specific to each equipment and logistics constraints that require that at least some equipment be easily accessible to maintenance. There is therefore, in the field of recharging terminals of electric vehicles in particular, a pressing need for equipment that is at the same time efficient in terms of efficiency, the most compact and modular possible and easy to interconnect. In order to recharge electric batteries, particularly in the context of vehicle charging stations, reciprocating-continuous conversion devices or AC-DC conversion modules according to the English name, comprising a diode rectifier or to thyristor associated a Buck type converter. A disadvantage of this type of structure is that it is likely to generate harmonics on the electrical network on which the energy is taken, the mains network for example.
    [0004] Another disadvantage is the need to implement a smoothing inductor at the output of the rectifier. Such a known structure therefore has a large size. Another disadvantage is that it is likely to degrade the power factor of the installation by inducing a phase shift on the consumed current. This phase shift being induced in particular by the use of diode or thyristor rectifiers. As a result, the use of such structures implies the establishment of harmonic filtering and power factor raising means, expensive and bulky means whose implementation penalizes technically and economically the final product. In this same field, the French patent application filed by Schneider Electric Industries and published under the reference FR 15 2990310 discloses an electrical energy conversion device for recharging the batteries of an electric vehicle from a network. alternating sector, mono or three-phase, for example, which comprises a first module providing the rectifying and filtering functions of the mains voltage used and a second DC-DC conversion module, or DC-DC according to the English name, ensuring the adaptation of the DC voltage produced by the first module to the voltage of the batteries to be recharged. However, this application does not disclose a means of providing additional power to that provided by the mains network to ensure adequate charging of the batteries in certain phases of the load during which the available power of the network is insufficient. Moreover, the very structure of the claimed device does not make it possible to dynamically regulate the value of the output voltage of the rectifier, without making any modifications, which does not allow said device to adapt automatically to possible fluctuations over time in the mains voltage or any variations, from one vehicle to another, in the voltage of the batteries to be charged. In addition, such a structure that includes both a rectifying and filtering module of the network voltage and a continuous-DC conversion module inherently has a lack of modularity that makes it difficult to achieve a compact and modular form.
    [0005] An object of the invention is to provide a modular electrical energy converter structure for optimally recharging one or more groups (or packs) of batteries, called user batteries, by combining the electrical energy supplied by various sources to the electric power supplied by an AC mains network or AC network, so as to optimize the power consumption on said mains network, in particular as a function of the maximum available power of the network. For this purpose the invention relates to a modular device for converting electrical energy for recharging an electric battery, or user battery, from an AC mains network and ancillary sources of electrical energy. The device according to the invention mainly comprises: a plurality of switch modules, of substantially identical structure, each switch module being associated with one of the available sources of electrical energy and producing, by cutting off the voltage delivered by the source to which it is associated with a DC voltage of given value; a DC voltage bus, or DC power bus, comprising two electrical lines, on which each of the different sources of available electrical energy is connected via the associated switch module, each switch module consisting of two electronic switches connected in series between the two lines of the power DC bus, - a control circuit which generates the switching commands applied to the switches of the different switch modules, the switching control applied to a given switch module being defined by a law control which depends on the voltage and the charging current necessary for recharging the electric battery in question and the maximum available power of the AC mains network; a reception structure configured to receive the different switch modules and constitute the power DC bus, said reception structure comprising a plurality of functionally identical locations on which the different switch modules can be placed and connected to the DC power bus; . According to a technical characteristic of the device, the switching commands generated by the control circuit are square signals having a duty cycle which varies as a function of the value of the voltage (52) to be established at the power DC bus.
    [0006] According to a particular embodiment in which the AC mains network is a three-phase network, the device according to the invention comprises three switch modules each performing the rectification of the AC voltage delivered by one of the phases; the mid-point of each of the three switch modules being connected to a phase of the AC network via a transformer. According to a technical feature, the device comprises a switch module configured to make the connection to the DC power bus of a given voltage electrical energy storage battery, the connection being made in such a way that the storage battery can be charged by the power DC Bus or discharged into it. According to another technical feature, the device comprises a switch module configured to make the connection of a user voltage battery to the DC power bus, such that said user battery can be loaded by the DC power bus with a voltage and a given charging current characteristic of the battery used. According to another technical feature, this switch module is further configured in such a way that said user battery can be discharged onto the power DC bus so as to provide additional electric power on this bus. According to another technical feature, the device comprises a host structure which houses a set of switching modules of identical structures. These modules are mounted on the host structure so as to form at least three stages of conversion of electrical energy: a reversible AC-DC converter stage comprising three switches connected to the AC mains network via a transformer. insulation transformer, - a first bidirectional DC-DC conversion stage configured to perform the recharging of an electric storage battery; a second bidirectional DC-DC conversion stage configured to carry out recharging of the user battery to be recharged. The first DC-DC conversion stage is furthermore configured so as to be able to inject current taken from the storage battery on the DC power bus. According to another technical characteristic of the device, the control circuit carries out the regulation of the current. charging or discharging the storage battery, regulating the charging current of the user's battery as well as regulating the power consumed on the AC mains network. This regulation is carried out by measuring the charge currents of the storage battery and the user battery as well as the current consumed on the AC mains network and by applying to each of the AC-DC or DC-DC conversion modules a signal of cutting whose duty cycle varies according to the current measurement performed for the module considered. According to another technical feature of the device, the cutting signal applied by the control circuit to each of the modules is a function of setpoint values relating to the voltage and the charging current of the user's battery, to the value of the voltage of the device. DC power bus and at the maximum available power of the mains network. According to another technical feature of the device, the host structure comprises a support on which are mounted the housings enclosing the different switch modules forming the device, the support itself forming a heat sink element, and a conductive device forming the power DC bus, which connects in parallel the different switch modules mounted on the host structure, each of the DC power bus links being connected to each of the switch modules by a suitable connection means. According to another technical feature of the device, the switch modules are arranged in such a way that when they are mounted on the host structure, their points of connection with the two links forming the DC power bus are aligned in two rows. parallel. The power DC bus is then composed of two conductive plates separated by an insulator, each plate having connection zones arranged to be arranged facing the points so as to be connected thereto by appropriate fixing means. According to a particular embodiment of the device, the power DC bus is constituted by two layers of conductive material placed on the opposite faces of a flat layer of electrical insulating material and forming a sandwich structure. The characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better appreciated thanks to the description which follows, a description which is based on the appended figures which show: the figurel, a general block diagram illustrating the structure of the electrical energy conversion device according to the invention; - Figure 2, a schematic representation of the host structure of the device according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic lateral representation of an embodiment of the power DC bus implanted on the reception structure of the device according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic front view of the power DC bus implanted on the reception structure of the device according to the invention in the embodiment of FIG. 3; - Figure 5, a block diagram illustrating the operating principle of the device according to the invention. The subject of this patent consists of a compact electrical energy conversion solution making it possible to connect an alternating electric network comprising one or more phases and one or more elements for storing electrical energy, or for producing electricity. electrical energy, to an electric battery which must be recharged, the battery of a vehicle with electric propulsion, still denominated VE in the continuation of the text. The following text describes the principle of the invention through an exemplary embodiment presented herein without limitation of the scope or scope of the invention. The device disclosed makes it possible to connect a three-phase AC mains network as well as an auxiliary electrical power supply element to a user battery intended to supply energy to an electric vehicle, also referred to as the VE battery in the rest of the user's text. In the case of the example described here, the auxiliary supply element of electrical energy is constituted by a storage battery or buffer battery. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the present device according to the invention 20 consists of a reception structure 11 which houses a set of electrical energy converters, of identical structures, mounted on the reception structure so as to form at least three conversion stages 12, 13 and 14: a reversible converter stage (ie AC-DC and DC-AC) 12 with galvanic isolation connecting an alternating electrical network or AC network to the device, in 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, - a bidirectional DC-DC conversion stage 13, connected at 3a and 2b to an electrical energy storage element (not shown in the figure) and - a bidirectional DC-DC conversion stage 14, connected at 2a and 2b to 30 the user battery to recharge, the VE battery in this example. The first AC-DC reversible conversion stage 12 is a switching circuit which can convert the alternating voltage of the electrical network, the mains voltage, into a DC voltage or vice versa. For this purpose, it 3015 802 9 comprises a transformer 121 which performs a galvanic isolation as well as the filtering of the alternating current. It also comprises electronic power switches 122 each consisting of two switches connected in series, MOSFET or IGBT transistors (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) incorporating a diode mounted anti parallel or freewheel diode for example. According to the invention, the device has a switch per phase of the AC network operated, three switches 122a, 122b and 122c for example, in the case of a three-phase AC network such as that shown in Figure 1.
    [0007] The primary circuit of the transformer 121 is connected to the mains AC mains phases, the windings of the secondary circuit being connected respectively to the midpoints of the switches responsible for performing the rectification of the AC voltage supplied by the AC network, the points 123a, 123b and 123c in the example of Figure 1.
    [0008] The transformer 121 is also designed to support the input mains voltage (of the order of 400V efficient) and to be able to transmit the maximum available power of the AC network, a power of about 50kW for the three-phase mains network by example. The switches 122 are in turn sized according to the maximum current to be discharged into the user's battery to be recharged during the charging of the latter. The first stage 12 is also associated with one or more capacitors 15 high voltage and high capacity (of the order 220 i_iF for example) connected between the positive and negative terminals of the switches 122, which are used to filter the rectified AC voltage . Each capacitor 15 is itself charged by a resistive element 16 placed in parallel on its terminals which makes it possible to stabilize and discharge the latter when the operation of the device 11 stops. Due to its structure which integrates an isolation transformer 121, the AC-DC conversion module advantageously makes it possible to dispense with inductive filtering elements at the input and the output of the module, without impacting the shape of the input AC voltage, and thus gains in compactness. In addition, thanks to the presence of the transformer 121, II also provides a galvanic isolation between the input and the output of the module. The second DC-DC conversion stage 13 is also a switching circuit which converts the rectified voltage rectified by the module 12 and stored in the capacitor 15 into a lower value DC voltage corresponding, for example, to the voltage of the DC voltage. service of the storage battery, or conversely which converts the voltage of the storage battery into a higher DC voltage corresponding to the voltage of the power bus. For this purpose it also comprises an electronic switch 10 consisting of two power electronic switches connected in series, MOSFET or IGBT transistors incorporating a diode mounted anti parallel or freewheeling diode for example. The second stage 13 is also associated with a smoothing inductor 17 which connects the midpoint 131 of the switch to the connection point 3a of the electrical energy storage element and which is used to filter the direct current delivered by the module and a capacitor 18 connected between the points 3a and 2b for filtering the DC voltage output of the second stage 13. The inductance is here dimensioned according to the switching frequency at which the power switches cut the DC bus voltage and desired ripple current. The capacitor is chosen in order to achieve a low pass filter whose cutoff frequency is substantially lower than the switching frequency. The third DC-DC conversion stage 14 is also a switching circuit which converts the DC voltage delivered by the first two stages into a lower value DC voltage used to recharge the user's battery, the VE battery in the example presented here or conversely which converts the voltage of the user battery into a higher DC voltage corresponding to the power bus voltage. For this purpose it also comprises an electronic switch consisting of two power electronic switches connected in series, MOSFET or IGBT transistors incorporating a diode mounted in anti-parallel or freewheel diode for example.
    [0009] The third stage 14 is also connected to a smoothing inductor 19 which connects the midpoint 141 of the switch to connection point 2a of the user battery to be charged and which is used to filter the direct current, as well as to a capacitor 21. connected between the points 3a and 2b for filtering the DC voltage at the output of the third stage 14. As for the second stage 13, the inductance is here dimensioned according to the frequency at which the power switches cut the DC bus voltage and the desired ripple current. The capacitor is chosen in order to achieve a low pass filter whose cutoff frequency is substantially lower than the switching frequency. According to the invention, all the switches constituting the different stages of the device have the same bidirectional structure and consist of electronic switches of the same types, so that they are interchangeable, which makes it possible to obtain a system advantageously modular in terms of of constituent elements. Each switch is sized according to the equipment to which it belongs. Thus, for example, in the case of a charging terminal with a power of 50kW intended to recharge 400V batteries with a current of 125A, each switch consists of fast semiconductor components, supporting high voltages, of the order of 1200V, and high currents, of the order of 125A, MOSFET or IGBT for example, components which can further support switching frequencies on opening and closing of the order of a few tens of kilohertz. According to the invention also, the switching circuits 122a, 122b and 122c of the first conversion stage 12 AC-DC are mounted directly at the output of the secondary winding of the transformer 121, the smoothing of the input current being achieved by the inductive nature of the winding constituting the secondary circuit of the transformer, as well as the high switching frequency (a few tens of kilohertz) applied to the AC input voltage. Thus, it is advantageously possible to perform the cutting without introducing smoothing inductance, which reinforces the compact nature of the device. In order to achieve a coherent control of the different stages, the device according to the invention comprises a control circuit 22 whose main role is to control each of the electronic power switches according to an appropriate control law. The control circuit 22 is for example an electronic circuit which generates the control signals of the electronic power switches, transistors in the present example, which operate in switching between a blocked state and a on state. The two transistors forming the same switch are controlled in a complementary manner, a transistor being in the off mode when the transistor with which it is associated is in the on mode. Moreover, the variation of the electrical power delivered by each stage is controlled by varying the duty ratio of the control signal applied to the switches (ratio between the conduction time and the switch-off time). The control signal enables current control on each branch of the electrical converter and efficient paralleling of the different sources of electrical energy used at a given time to effectively recharge the battery. From an architectural point of view, the device according to the invention is organized so as to enhance the functionally modular character. For this purpose, the switching modules that constitute the different stages, the modules 122a, 122b, 122c, 13 or 14 in the present example, have an identical material structure that allows their assembly by simple paralleling, so that this assembly can be realized without it being necessary to impose an assembly order of the different stages. The architecture of the device is subsequently organized around a central structure 31, or reception structure, such as that illustrated by Figures 2 to 4 for example. This structure plays the role of host physical structure on which the various modules are mounted mechanically and interconnecting structure in the form of power bus 23-24.
    [0010] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4, the actual power bus is constituted by two layers of conductive material respectively forming the links 23 and 24 of the bus, as illustrated by FIG. conductive material are separated from each other by a layer of insulating material 25 on which the two layers of conductive material are assembled in the manner of a sandwich. In a preferred embodiment the two layers of conductive material forming the connections 23 and 24 are two metal plates fixed, for example by gluing, on each of the faces of a plate 25 of insulating material. Alternatively, the power bus may consist of a layer of an insulating substrate on the faces of which two layers of conductive material are deposited chemically. The power bus thus formed comprises fixing tabs 26, configured and arranged so as to be fixed on the corresponding terminals 15 of the housing enclosing an electrical conversion module, in other words a switch, 122a, 122b, 122c, 13 or 14 It also comprises, at the level of the conductive plates 23 and 24, arrangements for direct mounting on the power bus capacitors for filtering the rectified AC voltage produced by the first stage 12, such as the capacitor 15 described. previously. In addition to the power bus, the receiving structure also comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4, a solid dissipating element 27 forming a radiator on which the housings enclosing the different switches are suitably fixed in such a way that The heat generated by the latter is effectively dissipated via the radiator 27. Depending on the needs and the configuration adopted, the dissipating element 27 may be a finned convector type radiator or a fluid circulation radiator. According to the invention, each switching module 122a, 122b, 122c, 13 or 14 has its own inputs / outputs making it possible to make the necessary connections with the various elements of the device 35 in accordance with the diagram of FIG. 1, namely: connection of the switching inputs 122a, 122b and 122c forming the AC-DC conversion stage 12 to the isolation transformer 121 of the AC network, or the connection of the outputs of the switching modules 13 and 14 forming the DC conversion stages 13 and 14 -DC to filtering inductances 17 and 19 of the output currents; the connection of each module to the links 23 and 24 of the power bus; - The connection of each module to the control circuit 22 via an appropriate interface (not shown in the figures).
    [0011] In this way, a power conversion module can advantageously be implemented or removed without this modifying the arrangement or the interconnection of the modules already mounted on the reception structure 31. Likewise, each module Furthermore, the switching circuit may advantageously be positioned at any location in the reception structure 31, the position occupied by a given switch not depending on its function in the device. It is thus possible to place each of the different switching modules 122a, 122b, 122c, 13 or 14, independently of its operation, so as, for example, to optimize the distribution of thermal overheating on the dissipator 27. D ' From a functional point of view, the device according to the invention realizes and implements the functions shown in the illustration of FIG. 5. As a result, its operation can be described by the following different modes, modes which can be automatically linked by the circuit of FIG. command 22 responsible for managing the operation of the equipment in question, the recharging terminal here, or implemented at the request of the operator: - an initial mode of operation; A startup mode of operation; - a nominal operating mode; - a mode of operation with high consumption; - a recovery mode of operation. In the initial operating mode, or "stand-by" mode, no switch is controlled by the control circuit 22 so that, the switches of the various DC-DC modules being in the off state, the voltage of the network AC is simply rectified and transmitted by the DC power bus to the capacitors 15 which are powered by the bus. In the start-up mode of operation, the equipment, charging terminal in the present example, is started up for reloading a user battery. The switches forming the switches 122a to 122c of the conversion module 122 AC-DC are controlled by the control circuit 22 according to a given control law, so as to charge the bus capacitor 15 at a constant value and greater than the voltage batteries to recharge. The device is then able to charge the user's battery. The control law notably takes into account input commands such as, in particular, the maximum power 51 that can be taken from the AC network and the voltage 52 to be set on the power DC bus 23-24. The nominal operating mode corresponds to a mode of operation for which the charging of the user's battery does not require a supply of energy complementary to that provided by the mains network. Thus, in the present example of implementation (charging of a battery directly in direct current), the control circuit 22 then drives the switches of the DC-DC conversion module 14 of the device, according to a determined control law, of in order to establish a current of a given value in the user battery being charged. This current value is generally transmitted to the control circuit by an external setpoint 53 defined from a load profile specific to the technology of the battery in question, a current of the order of 125 amperes for example. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the control circuit 22 regulates the charging current of the user's battery, by constantly checking the value of this charging current and by acting on the value of the signal duty cycle. control of the switches of the DC-DC conversion module 14 so as to maintain the set point value. In this operating mode, the control circuit 22, to the extent that the available power of the AC network allows it, also drives the switches of the DC-DC conversion module 13 of the device, according to a determined control law, so as to charge the storage battery with a regulation 55 of the charge current of the storage battery to the appropriate value.
    [0012] The charge of the storage battery is operated according to a principle identical to that followed for the charging of the user battery, the value of the charging current being however not a set point but an internal parameter which depends on the available power of the AC network and storage battery associated with the device according to the invention in the reloading terminal considered. The power consumed on the AC network is furthermore controlled by the control circuit 22 which regulates the consumed AC current 56, 57 by measuring the voltage and current of the AC network and by acting on the value of the duty cycle ratio of the AC signal. control of the switches of the AC-DC conversion module 12. The high-power operating mode corresponds to a mode of operation for which, for certain phases of the charging of the user battery, the power that can be drawn from the AC network does not make it possible to obtain the desired charging current. . During high power operation, the energy compensation is activated. The two switches of the DC-DC conversion module 13 associated with the storage battery are driven according to a given control law, so as to establish a complementary current. This complementary current may be a direct current which is added to the current produced by the AC-DC conversion module 12 from the AC network, in the case where the user battery is recharged directly with direct current, as in FIG. example described previously.
    [0013] Alternatively, it may be an alternating current produced by the AC-DC conversion module 12 from the energy stored in the buffer battery, which current is added to the alternating current supplied by the mains network, in the case where the battery user is recharged from an alternative source by an auxiliary rectifier device, housed in the vehicle for example. Activation of this mode of operation is induced, during the charging of the user battery by the measurements of the AC current delivered by the sector, measurements made by the control module 22. These measurements are compared to the maximum level of power available on the AC network, the maximum level represented by the setpoint 51 transmitted to the control circuit 22. Consequently, if the current consumed on the AC network reaches a maximum value, this operating mode is activated and the conversion module 13 is controlled in such a way that to produce a make-up current from the energy available in the storage battery. The recovery operating mode corresponds to a mode in which the control circuit 22 only recharges the storage battery by actuating the switches constituting the DC-DC conversion module 14 associated with the latter, according to a principle similar to the one followed for the nominal operating mode. The control law of the AC-DC conversion module therefore consists, given the various operating modes described above, in keeping the DC voltage of the filtering capacitor 15 constant at a constant reference value by modulating the power consumption. on the AC network, so that if the voltage on the DC power bus decreases, then the power absorbed on the AC power grid is increased; and that if the voltage on the DC power bus increases then the power absorbed on the AC power grid is decreased. The power absorbed by the AC-DC conversion module 12 is thus dynamically modulated by measuring the current taken from the AC electrical network and by applying a control signal having the appropriate duty cycle on the switches constituting the switching modules 122a to 122c of the conversion module 12. In all cases of operation, the control circuit 22 ensures that the power consumed on the AC network is less than the set value 51 imposed and, in the case where this power is insufficient to ensure a suitable charge of the user battery (Charge DC or AC load), attempts to compensate for the insufficiency by using the additional sources of electrical energy available to it, by using the energy contained in the storage battery for example . According to the invention, the different operating modes can be implemented according to different combinations that correspond to the operation performed. Thus, in the case of a recharging operation of a user battery, the control circuit successively executes a phase of operation in start mode and a phase in nominal mode by intercalating between these two phases, if necessary, a phase of operating in high power mode. Likewise, after the execution of a reloading operation, the control circuit can execute an operating phase in recovery mode or go directly to "stand-by" mode. It should be noted that, in addition to the technical advantages which emerge from the preceding description, control of the AC mains current by the control circuit 22 advantageously makes it possible to carry out, without any additional hardware, a correction of the power factor. power by maintaining in phase the current and the voltage of the alternating electric network. It should also be noted that, by virtue of its topology, the conversion structure of the AC-DC conversion module 12 is a bidirectional structure. It is therefore possible to use this module to transfer energy from the DC storage elements to the AC circuit.
    [0014] This intrinsic technical characteristic allows for example to achieve, without any additional equipment, energy compensation during a three-phase AC vehicle load.
    [0015] It should be noted again that because of its modular structure, the device according to the invention can accommodate several sources of electrical power to supply if necessary or even temporarily replace the AC mains network which is usually the main source of energy electric. The device according to the invention can thus accommodate, in addition to a storage battery, various sources of electrical energy production such as photovoltaic generators or wind turbines. The integration of these other sources into the general system is carried out by means of complementary conversion modules dedicated to these sources, mounted on the host structure 31. The host structure is then sized to present a sufficient number of points. connection to the DC power bus 23-24.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Modular device (11) for converting electrical energy for reloading an electric battery (58), or user battery, from an AC mains network (61) and ancillary sources of electrical energy (59) , characterized in that it comprises: - a plurality of switch modules (122a, 122b, 122c, 13, 14) of substantially identical structure each switch module being associated with one of the available sources of electrical energy (61, 59) and producing, by cutting off the voltage delivered by the source with which it is associated, a DC voltage of a given value; - A power DC bus comprising two power lines (23, 24), on which each of the different sources of available electrical energy is connected via the associated switch module, each switch module consisting of two electronic switches. connected in series between the two lines (23, 24) of the power DC bus, - a control circuit (22) which generates the switching commands applied to the switches of the different switch modules (122a, 122b, 122c, 13, 14 ), the switching control applied to a given switch module being defined by a control law which depends on the charge voltage and current (53) necessary for recharging the considered electric battery (58) and the maximum power (51) available on the AC mains network (61); - A host structure (31) configured to receive the different switch modules and constitute the DC power bus, said host structure having a plurality of functionally identical locations on which the different switch modules can be placed.
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching commands generated by the control circuit are square signals having a duty cycle which varies depending on the value of the voltage (52) to be established at the DC bus of power.
    [0003]
    3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, said AC mains network (61) being a three-phase network, it comprises three switch modules (122a, 122b, 122c) each performing rectification of the AC voltage delivered by one of the phases. in DC voltage; the mid-point of each of the three switch modules being connected to a phase of the AC network (61) via a transformer (121).
    [0004]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a switch module (13) configured to perform the connection of an electric energy storage battery (59), of given voltage, to DC power bus, so that the storage battery (59) can be loaded by the DC power bus or discharged therein.
    [0005]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a switch module (14) configured to perform the connection of a user battery (58) of a given voltage to the DC power bus, such that said user battery (58) can be charged by the power DC bus with a given charging voltage and current characteristic of the battery used.
    [0006]
    6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the switch module (14) is further configured in such a way that said user battery (58) can be discharged on the DC power bus so as to supply electrical energy. extra on this Bus.
    [0007]
    7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a host structure (11) which houses a set of switching modules of identical structures mounted on the host structure (31) so as to form at least three electrical energy conversion stages (12, 13 and 14): - a reversible AC-DC converter stage (12) comprising three switches (122a, 122b, 122c) connected respectively to each of the network phases reciprocating sector via an isolating transformer (121), - a first bi-directional DC-DC conversion stage (13) configured to reload an electric storage battery (59); a second bidirectional DC-DC conversion stage (14), configured to recharge the user battery (58) to be recharged; the first DC-DC conversion stage (13) being further configured to be able to inject current drawn from the storage battery (59) onto the DC power bus
    [0008]
    8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit (22) regulates (55) the charging or discharging current of the storage battery (59), the regulation (54) the charging current of the user battery (58) as well as the regulation (56, 57) of the power consumed on the AC mains network (61), this regulation being carried out by measuring the charge currents of the storage battery (59); ) and the user battery (58) as well as the current consumed on the AC mains network (61) and by applying to each of the AC-DC or DC-DC conversion modules (122, 13, 14) a cutting signal of which the duty cycle varies according to the current measurement performed for the module considered.
    [0009]
    9. Device according to claim 7 characterized in that the cutting signal applied to each of the modules (122a, 122b, 122c, 13, 14) is a function of set values relating to the voltage and the charging current of the user battery. (58), the value (52) of the DC power bus voltage (23, 24) and the maximum available power (51) of the mains network.
    [0010]
    10.Dispositif according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the host structure (31) comprises a support (27) on which are mounted the housings enclosing the various switch modules forming the device, the support (27) forming a heat dissipating element, as well as a conductive device forming the power DC bus, which connects in parallel the various switch modules mounted on the reception structure (31), each of the links (23, 24) of the DC bus of power being connected to each of the switch modules by a suitable connection means.
    [0011]
    11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that, the switch modules being arranged such that when they are mounted on the host structure (31), their connection points with the two links (23, 24). forming the power DC bus are aligned in two parallel rows, the power DC bus consists of two conductive plates (23, 24) separated by an insulator (25) each plate having connection areas arranged to be disposed in points so that they can be connected to them by appropriate means of
    [0012]
    12.Dispositif according to claim 11, characterized in that the power DC bus is constituted by two layers of conductive material (23, 24) placed on the opposite faces of a flat layer of electrical insulating material (25) and forming a sandwich structure.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2887527B1|2016-09-07|
    FR3015802B1|2016-02-05|
    US20150180252A1|2015-06-25|
    US9590434B2|2017-03-07|
    CA2876221A1|2015-06-23|
    EP2887527A1|2015-06-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2990310A1|2012-05-04|2013-11-08|Schneider Electric Ind Sas|Electric conversion stage for electric converter of electric battery recharging terminal of car, has capacitor connected between output terminals, and electromagnetic coil connected between one of terminals and midpoint of switching branch|
    WO2005119895A1|2004-05-27|2005-12-15|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.|Auxiliary bus system|
    US7141893B2|2005-03-30|2006-11-28|Motorola, Inc.|Highly available power distribution system|
    JP4379430B2|2006-04-24|2009-12-09|トヨタ自動車株式会社|Power supply system and vehicle|
    US8363388B2|2008-10-17|2013-01-29|Emerson Network Power—Embedded Computing, Inc.|System and method for supplying power to electronics enclosures utilizing distributed DC power architectures|
    US20140266013A1|2013-03-14|2014-09-18|C.E. Niehoff & Co.|Switched voltage booster|DE102016202288A1|2016-02-15|2017-08-17|Audi Ag|Charging device for charging an electrical energy store which can be connected to the charging device|
    US9969273B2|2016-07-12|2018-05-15|Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation|Integrated modular electric power system for a vehicle|
    US10498274B2|2016-11-10|2019-12-03|Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation|High voltage direct current system for a vehicle|
    US11043880B2|2016-11-10|2021-06-22|Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation|Electric power generating system with a synchronous generator|
    GB2572757A|2018-04-05|2019-10-16|Moog Unna Gmbh|Switching circuit for an electric vehicle charging station|
    法律状态:
    2015-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    2021-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1363399A|FR3015802B1|2013-12-23|2013-12-23|COMPACT AND MODULAR POWER SUPPLY BLOCK, MULTI-CONVERTERS, ESPECIALLY FOR QUICK CHARGING TERMINALS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES|FR1363399A| FR3015802B1|2013-12-23|2013-12-23|COMPACT AND MODULAR POWER SUPPLY BLOCK, MULTI-CONVERTERS, ESPECIALLY FOR QUICK CHARGING TERMINALS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES|
    US14/578,834| US9590434B2|2013-12-23|2014-12-22|Compact and modular electrical power supply unit, with multi-converters, notably for fast recharging terminals for electric vehicles|
    CA2876221A| CA2876221A1|2013-12-23|2014-12-22|Compact, modular, multi-converter electrical power supply, specifically for quick recharging terminals for electric vehicles|
    EP14199947.4A| EP2887527B1|2013-12-23|2014-12-23|Compact and modular electric power supply with multiple converters, in particular for quick charging terminals for electric vehicles|
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