• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The voltage source has two electrically conductive targets (101, 102) and an electrolyte (103) therebetween. Said electrolyte (103) is a mixture of the main constituents of the oxides of aluminum and silicon.
    公开号:FI20185262A1
    申请号:FI20185262
    申请日:2018-03-20
    公开日:2019-09-21
    发明作者:Juha Leppänen；Mirja Piispanen
    申请人:Kalustebetoni Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    VOLTAGE SOURCE CONTAINING OXIDES OF ALUMINUM AND SILICONE IN THE ELECTROLYTIC AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE VOLTAGE SOURCE
    ENGINEERING
    The present description relates to infrastructure construction. In particular, the description relates to how large voltage sources can be used as part of the built environment.
    BACKGROUND
    Concrete is an extremely common building material, but there are also problems with its use. Beto15 of such suitable sand is beginning to be in short supply in the world, and the sufficiently unsalted water needed for concrete can also be a scarce commodity in some parts of the world. Portland cement production releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, which accelerates climate change. Concrete 20 is also quite one-sided as a building material, i.e. it cannot be used much other than to achieve structural strength.
    SUMMARY
    It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative to concrete which can achieve sufficient structural strength without the disadvantages of concrete. It is also an object of the invention to provide a new way of generating and / or storing electricity.
    The objects of the invention are achieved by using a solid-curable mixture whose main constituents are oxides of aluminum and silicon, and electrically conductive targets in contact therewith. The component thus obtained is, on the one hand, a voltage source which forms 35 primary or secondary batteries, but on the other hand can at the same time be part of the built environment.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018
    The voltage source according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the appended independent voltage source claim.
    The invention also relates to a method, which is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the appended independent method claim.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
    LIST OF FIGURES
    The invention and its embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows the principle of a simple voltage source, Figure 2 shows a test voltage source, Figure 3 shows a test voltage source, Figure 4 shows a test voltage source, Figure 5 shows a test voltage method, Figure 5 shows a test voltage and Figure 6 shows a voltage source which is at the same time part of the built environment.
    In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the corresponding parts.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    Figure 1 shows a voltage source with a first target 101 and a second target 102 and an electrolyte 103 between them. The locations 101 and 102 are made of a highly electrically conductive material such as metal or carbon. Electrolyte 103 is a mixture whose main constituents are oxides of aluminum and silicon. PAA3
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 means that the combined proportion by weight of said aluminum and silicon oxides of the electrolyte 103 is greater than the proportion of any other component used in its preparation. Together, the targets 101 and 102 and the electrolyte 103 form an electrical pair which, under certain conditions, can be used as either a primary battery or a secondary battery, i.e. a battery. These conditions are discussed in more detail below. The following first describes the composition and preparation of the electrolyte 103. In the context of this description, the term binder composition may mean a composition suitable for the preparation of a curable electrolyte mixture or mass, in particular mixed with a bulking agent and optionally a solvent such as water or an aqueous solution.
    The binder composition may comprise Siesta and Al 2 O 3 , optionally in admixture with one or more other components. Components of the binder composition, such as S1O2 and Al2O3, can react and cure, and when cured, bind to the aggregate to form a cured material. The binder composition may be cementitious. It can be used in the same way as conventional cement, or it can be used to replace traditional cement (e.g. Portland cement) at least in part in concrete or mortar mixes. The binder compositions described herein may have a low carbon footprint and may require a relatively small amount of energy to prepare, especially compared to conventional cement. Cured materials and products obtained using binder compositions can tolerate salts and / or high temperatures relatively well during their manufacture and even throughout their service life.
    Without being limited to any theories, it is possible that S1O2 and A1 2 O 3 in the binder composition
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 may react with each other in their presence in the curable mixture to form polymer chains or polymer chain-like structures. Such structures may arise, for example, when the binder composition contains ash recovered from a power plant or waste incineration plant, which may be bottom or fly ash. However, in some embodiments, silicon-oxygen-silicon bonds and / or silicon-oxygen-aluminum bonds may be formed instead or in addition. In embodiments where the curable mixture contains an aqueous solution of salts as a solvent, such as an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride or, for example, seawater, sodium and / or chlorides or other salts may be present in the reaction and / or may be present in the structure. In embodiments where the binder composition contains ash containing calcium, calcination may also occur.
    Traditional Portland cement is considered to undergo a hydration reaction with water. However, the binder composition according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification does not necessarily require the presence of water to effect the reaction and subsequent curing; however, water or other suitable solvent may facilitate the initiation of the reaction. Vet25 or other suitable solvent may also be added to the curable mixture to form a pasty or pulp-like curable mixture suitable for casting. It has further been found that the curable mixture can cure even under conditions where no additional activator is added and / or when the pH of the curable mixture is not strongly alkaline. For example, an alkaline activator such as an alkaline hydroxide component need not be added. Thus, the need to further use an activator, such as a strongly alkaline hydroxide activator, can be reduced, or the need for an activator can even be completely avoided, which can make the binder composition and the curable mixture
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 handling and manufacturing much simpler and safer and reduces costs. Thus, in some embodiments, the additional activator is not present in the binder composition and / or curable composition.
    In the binder composition, the weight ratio of SiO 2 to O 2 may range from about 10: 1 to about 1: 2. Increasing the relative amount of binder can increase the compressive strength10 of the cured material obtained by the binder composition. On the other hand, increasing the relative amount of Α12θ3: η may increase the tensile strength and / or heat resistance of the cured material obtained by the binder composition. In a well-suited binder composition, the weight ratio of S1O2: A12O3 may be, for example, in the range of about 5: 1 to about 1: 1 or about 4: 1 to about 2: 1. The compressive strength of the material or product obtained by curing the curable mixture can be measured, for example, in MPa units. Compressive strength can be measured, for example, in accordance with standards EN 12350-1, EN 12390-2 and / or EN 20 12390-3.
    A variety of starting materials can be used to prepare the binder composition. For example, the binder composition may comprise substantially pure Siesta and substantially pure Al 2 O 3 as a mixture in the desired weight ratio. Substantially pure S1O2 may comprise at least 90% by weight of SiO2, or at least 95% by weight. Substantially pure Al 2 O 3 may comprise at least 90% by weight, or at least 95% by weight of Al 2 O 3. Additionally or alternatively, however, various industrial by-products and / or recycled materials may be used. Such industrial by-products and / or recycled materials may comprise SiO2 and / or Al2O3. If desired, they may be treated, fractionated and / or blended prior to forming the binder composition to obtain the desired binder composition.
    To ensure that S1O2 reacts with the N2 moieties, it may be included in the binder composition at least
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 in partially reactive form. At least a portion of the silicon in the binder composition may be in reactive form. In one embodiment, the material comprising silicon or Siesta is at least partially in the form of particles having a substantially spherical structure. Such silicon is obtained, for example, by separating silicon-containing particles from coal bottom ash or other suitable material and grinding the silicon-containing particles to the desired particle size, e.g. by pin milling or jet milling. For example, e.g. by heating the blast furnace slag to 1100 degrees, a so-called reactive silicon. In one embodiment, S1O2 or the entire binder composition may be in the form of particles, wherein the particle diameters are less than or equal to about 20. In one embodiment, the particle diameters of the particles may range from 1 to 20. In such particles, silicon may be in reactive form. When the silicon is in reactive form, the curing reaction is initiated efficiently.
    The binder composition may comprise at least one Siesta and / or Al 2 O 3 -containing material selected from S1O2, Al2O3, ash, fly ash, slag, Siesta-containing mineral, A12O 3 -containing mineral, enrichment sand, chemical pulping process by-product material, , coal bottom ash, red mud (bauxite) and all mixtures and combinations thereof.
    The ash may be ash obtained from the combustion or incineration of ki30 coal, biomass (e.g. woody biomass) and / or waste, e.g. municipal waste. The ash may comprise Siesta and / or Al 2 O 3 .
    Fly ash can be obtained from the combustion of coal, biomass (e.g. wood-based biomass) or oil shale (combustible rock) and / or waste, e.g. municipal waste. Fly ash can be handled
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 Siesta and / or Al 2 O 3 . In embodiments where the binder composition comprises fly ash, it may comprise fly ash or fraction (s) available from fly ash, for example at least 40% by weight, 5 or at least 50% by weight, or at least 60% by weight, or at least 70% by weight, or at least 80% by weight. weight-%.
    The slag may be slag available as a by-product of the manufacture of iron or steel. For example, the slag may comprise or be ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). GGBS slag can be obtained, for example, by cooling molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam. Such slag may be available as a glassy, granular product which may be dried or ground or otherwise comminuted. The slag may comprise SiO2 and / or Al 2 O 3 .
    SiO2 mineral and / or Al 2 O 3 medium containing a mineral-containing, or, in some embodiments, the SiO2, and A12O 3: mineral containing as may or may not include the following: belite, aliitti, 20 tiles, calcium silicate or any mixture of or combinations. However, it may be desirable to use a mineral that does not contain large amounts of CaO.
    The tailings may comprise or be materials left over from the process of separating the ar25 envelope fraction from the ore side rock. The beneficiation sand may comprise SiO2 and / or Al 2 O 3 .
    The side stream material of the chemical pulp cooking process may be, for example, soda ash.
    Coal bottom ash can be understood as two thousand formed on the bottom of a coal furnace. The coal bottom ash may comprise Siesta and / or A12O 3 . It can also be used to separate or enrich SiO2.
    At least one material containing SiO 2 and / or Al 2 O 3 or any mixtures or combinations thereof may be comminuted. For example, it can be ground in at least one of the following ways: grinding, grinding (e.g.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018), by crushing or shearing. Particles with the desired particle sizes or the desired particle size distribution can be obtained by comminution. Alternatively or in addition, at least one Siesta and / or Acedia-containing material may be fractionated into two or more fractions, for example based on particle size, e.g. by screening. For example, the particles may be separated or enriched in a fraction enriched therein and / or in another fraction enriched in Al 2 O 3. Such fractions or, in general, two or more materials may then be mixed in such proportions as to obtain the desired weight ratio of S1O2: Al2O3 or otherwise the desired binder composition.
    The binder composition may further comprise other components or admixtures, for example, an accelerator, retarder, blowing agent, antifoam, plasticizer, pigment, corrosion inhibitor, binder, pumping aid, or any mixture or combination thereof. The raw material or ingredients of the binder composition can be selected to provide the desired composition. If necessary, one or more secondary raw materials may be used. One skilled in the art will be able to select suitable raw materials and secondary raw materials, if used, to provide a suitable composition.
    The binder composition may comprise up to about 40% by weight of clinker. Clinker can mean portland clinker. Minimizing the amount of clinker and / or CaO in the binder composition may be desirable, for example, to reduce the carbon footprint of the preparation of the binder composition. In addition, the presence of CaO in the binder composition is typically not necessary to obtain a curable mixture. In one embodiment, the binder composition comprises up to about 30% by weight, or up to about 25% by weight, or up to
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 about 20% by weight, or up to about 15% by weight, or up to about 10% by weight of clinker.
    In the context of this description, the term% by weight can be understood as a percentage by weight of the total dry weight, for example the total dry weight of the binder composition.
    The binder composition may comprise up to about 40% by weight of CaO. In one embodiment, the binder composition comprises up to about 30% by weight, or up to about 25% by weight, or up to about 20% by weight, or up to about 15% by weight, or up to about 10% by weight of CaO.
    S1O2 and Al2O3 may comprise at least about 40% by weight of the binder composition. That is, at least about 15% to about 40% by weight of the binder composition may consist of Pigs and Al 2 O 3 present in the composition. In one embodiment, S 1 O 2 and Al 2 O 3 may comprise at least about 50% by weight, or at least about 60% by weight, or at least about 70% by weight, or at least about 80% by weight, or at least about 90% by weight, or at least about 95% by weight of the binder composition. The binder composition may also consist of Siesta and Al 2 O 3 .
    S1O2 and / or A1 2 O 3 or the entire binder composition may be in the form of particles, wherein the particles25 have a particle diameter of less than or equal to about 20. In one embodiment, the particle diameters of the particles may range from 1 to 20.
    S1O2 and / or A1 2 O 3 or the entire binder composition may be in the form of particles, wherein the average particle diameter of the particles is at most about 20, or at most about 15. In such particles, silicon may be in reactive form.
    Minimizing the amount of carbon in the binder composition may be desirable. Without being limited to theories, 35 carbon can interfere with the reactions between Sied and A12O 3 . For example, the binder composition may comprise up to about 3% by weight, or up to about 1% by weight of carbon.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018
    The amount of carbon can be determined from the binder composition, for example, by determining its annealing loss. If necessary, carbon can be removed from the materials of the binder composition.
    The description also relates to a curable composition comprising a binder composition according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification. The binder composition may be in the curable mixture as a mixture in a folder of the bulking agent and optionally a solvent.
    The curable composition may be a curable composition, especially when it contains a solvent in admixture with a binder composition and a bulking agent. It can be, for example, a cementitious curable mixture or a mass, such as a cementitious curable concrete mixture or mass.
    The mixture to be cured can be a concrete mixture, a mortar mixture or a plaster mixture. It can also be a concrete type mixture, for example a polymer concrete mixture. The curable mixture may be a dry mix, for example dry concrete or another dry product. For example, a solvent may be added to such a dry mixture in the desired ratio before curing.
    The backing material can be any suitable backing25 or filler. For example, the aggregate may comprise or be at least one of sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed stone, filler, slag, artificial (man-made) aggregate, or all mixtures or combinations thereof. The aggregate may be fine, coarse, or any mixture or combination thereof. The aggregate and its roughness can be selected, for example, on the basis of the intended use of the mixture to be cured, the exact composition of the binder composition, the curing conditions of the mixture to be cured, and so on. The solvent may comprise or be, for example, water, an aqueous solution containing one or more salts, or any mixture thereof, or
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 combination. The curable mix is not necessarily particularly sensitive to the presence of salts unlike, for example, conventional concrete. For example, brine, such as seawater, can be used as a solution. The salinity of an aqueous solution containing one or more salts may be at least 0.5 ppt (salinity equivalent to brackish water), or at least 10 ppt, or at least 30 ppt (salinity equivalent to brine). An aqueous solution containing one or more salts may have a maximum salt content of 10% or more. However, the salt content is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments the aqueous solution may even be saturated or close to saturated with respect to the salt or salts.
    Salts are not particularly limited - they may include chlorides such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2, sulfates such as MgSO4-7H2O, CuSO4-5H2O, ZnSO4-7H2O and FeSO4-7H2O, NaH2PO4, KH2PO4 and other soluble phosphate phosphate and hydrogen phosphate phosphate, hydrogen , bicarbonate carbonates such as NaHCO 3, nitrates such as Ca (NOs) 2 and Fe (NO3) 3 · 9H2O, ammonium salts such as NH4Cl, citrates such as sodium nitrate, acetates, etc.
    The curable composition may also comprise, for example, a fiber such as steel fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, or synthetic fiber, e.g., polymer or polypropylene fiber or glass fiber. For example, basalt fiber is not sensitive to salt stress, in which case the solvent used in the mixture to be cured may contain one or more salts.
    The pH of the mixture to be cured, especially when mixed with a solvent, may be, for example, in the range 0-14. The pH may depend, e.g., on the raw material and / or composition of the binder composition. If the alkaline activator is included in the binder composition or the mixture to be cured separately, the pH of the mixture to be cured may be relatively high. For example, the pH of the curable mixture may be greater than 11 or
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018
    12. However, in embodiments where no 11 activator is added, the pH of the mixture to be cured may be lower. The pH of the curable mixture may be, for example, a pH of at most 11, or at most 10, or at most 59, or at most 8, or in the range of 6 to 11, or in the range of 6
    - 9. The pH of the curable mixture may be one of those mentioned herein at the initial stage of curing of the curable mixture. In embodiments where the binder composition itself is somewhat basic, such as binder compositions comprising, for example, ash, fly ash, coal bottom ash, the raw material of the binder composition itself may raise the pH of the mixture to be cured. In such embodiments, the pH of the mixture to be cured may be, for example, up to 13.
    In one embodiment, the binder composition or curable composition does not comprise an additional activator. The term additional activator may be understood to mean a component or substance added in addition to the raw material or materials of the binder composition and optionally the secondary raw material or materials, the bulking agent and / or the solvent, for example by raising the pH of the curable composition. so that it activates the reactions that cause the mixture to harden. It is also possible that the activator affects the reaction sensitivity of the starting materials through the ions it contains.
    Such an additional activator may be understood, in at least some embodiments, to mean an al30 alkaline activator. Examples of temporal activators may be lye, hydroxides, e.g., sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), 11-thium hydroxide (LiOH), or all mixtures and combinations thereof. The alkaline activator may comprise or be an aqueous solution of a hydroxide.
    In at least some embodiments, such an additional activator may be understood to mean nat
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 Rium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO5), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), or all mixtures or combinations thereof.
    The particle diameters of the particles and their distributions can be measured, for example, by laser diffraction, such as with a Coulter LS particle analyzer. In the laser diffraction method, a group of particles are illuminated with monochromatic light. The particles scatter light. Scattering and its nature may depend on the size and refractive index of the par10 particles. The particle size distribution can be calculated based on the observed scattering pattern.
    The description also relates to a process for preparing a curable composition according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification. The method may comprise mixing the binder composition of one or more of the embodiments described herein with a bulking agent and optionally a solvent.
    The bulking agent and solvent may be any of the bulking agents or solvents described in this specification.
    In one embodiment, the additional activator is not added to the mixture to be cured prior to curing the mixture to be cured.
    In one embodiment, an added alkaline activator, such as an alkaline silicate activator and / or an alkaline hydroxide activator, is not added to the mixture to be cured prior to curing the mixture to be cured. In the context of the method or methods described herein, the additional activator / activator may be any of the activators described herein.
    The pH of the curable mixture can be any of the pHs described in this specification.
    The description also relates to a cured material or product formed by curing a curable mixture according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018
    The description also relates to a method of making a cured material or article according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification. The method may comprise preparing one or more curable compositions or curable compositions according to embodiments of the method described in this specification, shaping the material or article into the desired shape, and administering the material or article after curing.
    The curing can be allowed to proceed at a suitable temperature. Depending on, for example, the exact composition of the binder composition and / or the mixture to be cured, the temperature may be as high or higher than room temperature, or even lower. However, the temperature may be higher than room temperature. Such temperature and / or heating of the mixture and / or material or product to be cured may accelerate curing. The curable mixture can be heated, e.g., to a temperature above 40 ° C to accelerate curing.
    Curing can be allowed to proceed for a desired period of time. Typically, concrete mixes or concrete-like curable mixes continue to cure for a long time, even after reaching their full compressive strength. The desired period of time may be, for example, at least 25 28 days. However, the curing of the curable mixture or product cast in the mold may be allowed to proceed for a shorter time before removal from the mold, whereby the mixture or material may continue to cure after removal from the mold.
    The description also relates to a material or article obtainable by a method according to one or more of the embodiments described in this specification.
    By the methods described above, a voltage source applying the principle of Figure 1 can be prepared, the electrolyte of which is a solid formed by reacting aluminum and silicon oxides.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 with each other so that as a result of this reaction the electrolyte has solidified. Due to the solid state of the electrolyte, such a voltage source has considerable structural strength, which makes it possible to use it as part of the built environment.
    If the first section 101 and the second section 102 schematically shown in Fig. 1 are of different material, the resulting voltage source is the so-called I win a pair of 10 and it is arranged to operate at least as a primary battery. The voltage generated between points 101 and 102 depends on the location of the target materials in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals. In the study of the invention, for example, aluminum mine has been tested as the material of the first site 101 and graphite chalk as the material of the second site 102. In such a voltage source, the second target 102 is about 1.5 volts more positive than the first target 101.
    In the study of the invention, it has been found that it is possible to charge a voltage source whose targets are of different material by connecting its targets to a power supply whose voltage is higher than the spontaneous electrochemically generated voltage between the targets. In the study of the invention, two voltage sources were provided, each with a first target 101 of aluminum. The second target 102 was either graphite chalk or steel. The charge voltage was 30 volts, at which time the value of the charge current was initially about 1 amp but decreased from it within a few mi30 minutes, stabilizing at a level slightly below 0.5 amps. Charging was continued for a few minutes, after which the charging power supply was disconnected and the voltage between the voltage source targets was measured. The voltage was immediately after the reservation of about 2.5 volts and 35 days for another half after about 2 volts.
    If the first target 101 and the second target 102 shown schematically in Fig. 1 are the same ma
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 material, no electrochemically spontaneous voltage is generated between the targets. Even then, however, the voltage source may be arranged to act as a secondary battery. In the study 5 of the invention, a voltage source with both poles was made of aluminum at a voltage of 30 volts. The measurement results for the charge were comparable to the measurement results described above for voltage sources acting as a primary battery.
    Figures 2, 3 and 4 show some small specimens prepared for the purposes of the study of the invention. In Figure 2, the voltage source is generally cylindrical in shape and has the electrolyte 103 disposed inside the aluminum tube serving as the first target 15101. As a second target
    102, the operative rod-like graphite chalk is disposed concentrically in the aluminum tube so that the assembly is axially symmetrical with respect to the axis 201. The aluminum tube has an outer diameter of about 25 mm, a wall thickness of about 2 mm and a length of about 30 mm. The thickness of the graphite chalk is about 8 mm. The test piece shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure 2 only in its length. The measurements compared the voltage sources shown in Figures 2 and 3 and found that the voltage generated between the points 101 and 102 does not depend on the size of the voltage source but only on its materials. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the electrolyte 103 was placed in a cup made of electrically insulating paperboard, and graphite chalks 30 as described above were used as targets 101 and 102.
    Figure 5 shows some steps in a method that can be used to make the voltage source described above. Preparatory step 501 involves the incineration of waste or other energy source in a power plant or waste incineration plant, resulting in ash 502. In step 503, the carbon content of the ash is examined. If it is higher than about 1 weight percent
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 cents, in step 504 the carbon content of the ash is reduced by a chemical, electrical and / or specific gravity method so that the carbon content of the ash is reduced to a value not exceeding one 5% by weight of the ash. The removed carbon 505 can be recovered and used to make the targets described in step 506.
    In step 510, water is added to the carbonized ash 507. It should be noted that decarbonization 10 (step 504) may be performed before or after the addition of water, depending on the method used to decarbonize. Prior to this, the proportion of amorphous silicon in step 508 has been analyzed, and if it is found to be too small, the proportion of amorphous silicon may have been increased or additional activator may have been added to the ash in step 509. The study of the invention it is desired to maximize the compressive strength of the solid electrolyte; it is preferable to have a ratio of about one to three molar concentrations of the electrolyte in terms of aluminum and silicon. With this in mind, in the method shown in Figure 5, the ratio of the aluminum to silicon contents of the electrolyte 25 can be analyzed in step 511. If it is found to be far from optimal, the method may include step 512 of adding silica and / or alumina from another source to the electrolyte. By such adjustment of the silica and / or alumina, the ratio of the aluminum and silicon contents of said electrolyte is brought closer to the ratio of one to three, expressed as a molar concentration. Steps 511 and 512, if used, may also be performed prior to the addition of water in step 510, for example, 35 while the proportion of amorphous silicon is analyzed in step 508.
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018
    Step 513 describes inserting the targets into the electrolyte. The installation of the targets can be done much earlier per se, for example so that the targets are in place in the mold where the electrolyte is poured after mixing the water (step 510). Figure 5 also shows step 514 in which the electrolyte cures and achieves the required structural strength.
    Water has no significance for the curing reaction other than the initiation of the reaction. Once the curing reaction has started, water can be removed from the electrolyte, if necessary, for example by evaporation. If necessary, the evaporation of water can be accelerated by heating, for example by applying infrared or microwave radiation to the electrolyte or even by conducting an electric current therethrough, since the electrolyte conducts some electricity.
    In the sense of electrical connections, the voltage sources according to the above can be used like any other voltage sources, i.e. they can be combined into different parallel and series connections, whereby the desired current carrying capacity and output voltage are achieved.
    One special feature of ash recovered from a power plant or waste incineration plant compared to most other materials is its low cost. As ash has been found to be waste, its price can even be negative, i.e. the operator of a power plant or waste incineration plant may be willing to pay the party receiving the ash by undertaking to dispose of it in accordance with waste legislation. The targets are small in the overall structure of the voltage source, and if necessary, the targets can be made of carbon separated from the ash to make the carbon content of the ash low enough to effect a curing reaction.
    Thanks to the low raw material cost of the voltage source, the voltage source can be built well
    20185262 prh 20 -03- 2018 large and / or it is possible to produce them in a very large number very cheaply. This advantage balances the fact that the voltage source is not at the same level of performance as conventional batteries and batteries. It is possible to build a voltage source even so large that it is also part of the built environment. The built environment refers to the totality of all artificially created, fixed, physical structures that aim to fire people's standard of living, comfort and operating conditions.
    Parts of the built environment such as the voltage source described above may form, for example, buildings, parts of buildings, furniture, fences, quays, ramparts, towers, terraces, bridges, roads and works of environmental art. The voltage source can be or can be formed as an element, for example. The element may be, for example, a building element, such as a wall element, a hollow core element, a facade element, a pi20 element or a beam element; or an infrastructure construction element, such as a road or street construction element, a bridge element, a handrail element, a retaining wall element, a curb element, a tunnel element, a sleeper, a pier element, an agricultural element or a foundation element. The source of ice 25 can also be or can be formed, for example, a balcony, a road structure, a pedestal, a mine barrier, a foundation, a noise wall, a column, a tank, a courtyard slab or a cable tray.
    Utilizing the invention, it is possible to build 30, for example, the noise barrier 601 shown in Fig. 6, to which the noise barrier itself is charged by the electric current produced by the attached solar panels 602; thus, the physical structure of the noise barrier can act as a battery for solar panels when voltage sources as described above are used as parts thereof. In the representation of Figure 6, these parts may be, for example, horizontal elements 603 in which the embedded targets are connected to each other and to a suitable charge and discharge control circuit to achieve the desired electrical properties. The targets and the control circuit are not shown separately in Figure 6. The electrical energy stored in the noise barrier can be conducted in the dark during the day, for example to luminaires 604, which illuminate the same driveway that the noise barrier 601 separates from the settlement.
    The above embodiments of the invention are not limiting to the scope of the claims 10 set out below, but the basic idea they represent can be changed in many ways without departing from the scope of the claims. As an example, a voltage source according to the invention, the targets of which are of a different material and which was originally used as a primary battery, can later be used as a secondary battery.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A voltage source having two electrically conductive targets (101, 102) and an electrolyte (103) therebetween, characterized in that said electrolyte
    5 (103) is a mixture whose main constituents are oxides of aluminum and silicon.
    [2]
    A voltage source according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrolyte (103) is a solid formed by administering
    10 aluminas and silicas react with each other so that as a result of this reaction the electrolyte has solidified to a solid.
    [3]
    Voltage source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said
    The targets (101, 102) are of different materials, the voltage source being arranged to act at least as a primary battery.
    [4]
    Voltage source according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said targets
    20 (101, 102) are of the same material, the voltage source being arranged to act as a secondary battery, i.e. a battery.
    [5]
    Voltage source according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is also
    25 part of the built environment (603).
    [6]
    Voltage source according to Claim 5, characterized in that it forms at least one of the following: a building, part of a building, furniture, fence, railing, rampart, tower, terrace, bridge, road, environmental
    30 work of art, wall element, hollow core element, facade element, pillar element, beam element, road or street building element, bridge element, handrail element, retaining wall element, edge beam, emotional element, sleeper, platform element, parcel element noise wall, column, tank, yard tile, cable tray.
    5
    [7]
    7. A method of manufacturing a voltage source, characterized in that an electrolyte is formed between two sites using oxides of aluminum and silicon as its main constituents.
    [8]
    The method of claim 7,
    10 characterized in that water (510) is mixed with said aluminum and silicon oxides.
    [9]
    A method according to claim 8, characterized in that seawater is mixed with said aluminum and silicon oxides.
    Process according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the following is added to said electrolyte: amorphous silicon, an additional activator.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019180312A1|2019-09-26|
    FI128119B|2019-10-15|
    EP3769355A1|2021-01-27|
    US20210119249A1|2021-04-22|
    AU2019239819A1|2020-10-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US11220017B2|2018-08-01|2022-01-11|The Green Twist LLC|Cutting device|
    法律状态:
    2019-02-01| PC| Transfer of assignment of patent|Owner name: BETOLAR OY |
    2019-10-15| FG| Patent granted|Ref document number: 128119 Country of ref document: FI Kind code of ref document: B |
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    FI20185262A|FI128119B|2018-03-20|2018-03-20|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|FI20185262A| FI128119B|2018-03-20|2018-03-20|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    EP19722660.8A| EP3769355A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    US16/981,799| US20210119249A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    AU2019239819A| AU2019239819A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    PCT/FI2019/050216| WO2019180312A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing aluminium and silicon oxides, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
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