• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a 3d printing system for printing recycled materials. The print nozzle is mounted, for example, on a 6-axis industrial robot controlled by smart glass and a manual controller. The printing system is capable of 3D printing with a wide variety of media options.
    公开号:FI20176144A1
    申请号:FI20176144
    申请日:2017-12-21
    公开日:2018-11-23
    发明作者:Juha Leinonen
    申请人:Juha Leinonen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    NOZZLE FOR 3D PRINTING, USED BY 3D PRINTER, PRINTING SYSTEM AND CONTROL SYSTEM
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    In general, the invention relates to 3D printing. More particularly, the invention relates to a nozzle according to the preamble of independent claim 5 for 3D printing. The invention also relates to a printer according to the preamble of the independent claim for 3D printing. The invention also relates to a printing system and a control system thereof.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    One problem with the priority date of the application in 3D printing is the use of 10 recycled materials as print media, as the properties of the materials to be printed (melting temperature, density, etc.) vary widely and yet should be known in advance to the printing program / printer, so the materials must be very uniform. In addition, programming causes problems and hassle if you want to change the material to something else. The same problem applies to both metal-based and plastic-based materials. For this reason, the use of recycled materials in 3D printing is challenging due to their huge alloy spectrum.
    Another problem with 3D printing is related to error correction, during printing, or in a pre-printed copy. Loss of material results from an error occurring during printing, in which case the defective / damaged part must be removed from the printer and 20 new prints started, usually from the very beginning, resulting in a delay in printing.
    In addition, the positioning of the piece to be printed can be experienced as a problem. In general, in 3D printers, the printing area is very precisely delimited and the positioning of the piece to be printed in relation to existing structures is challenging. Particularly in the implementation of details, synchronizing the print media and the print strength and the point together can prove cumbersome.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The object of the invention is to solve in a new way the problems according to the prior art, some of which are exemplified by a high-quality and fast
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 in connection with printing. The nozzle according to the invention in a 3D printer can solve these problems, if not completely alleviate them. According to the invention, the largest according to the invention is controlled by means of smart glasses, whereby information about the settings according to the printing run parameters can be transmitted to the printing system via the control system from the user to the printer. According to the invention, the run parameters of the print can be transmitted on the basis of the measured properties of the on-line materials.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    according to the opened kaksoiskartiosuuttimelle to the invention is characterized in that it comprises 10 of the carrier plenum chamber, the media inlet and the media attachment to pass the import channel, characterized in that of the carrier collecting chamber is frusto karriopinnan limited, which is of the carrier transmission channels symmetrically around the print material supply pipe, facing of a carrier for applying a sheath focus oivasti the media stream output point.
    In a double cone nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention, there is a truncated cone surface modified in the form of a rotating body of exponential function to form an exponentially opening conical surface away from the nozzle to accelerate the flow rate of print material within the protective fluid generated by the carrier fluid.
    In a double cone nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention, at least one flow of material is traversed in the passage through the collector chamber through the truncated cone surface between the carrier fluid and the printing material to bring said material to and / or around the
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the double cone nozzle has a light guide in the supply channel of the fitting feed for producing laser light to the printing point.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the double cone nozzle has a channel in the supply channel of the fitting feed for directing the adhesive and / or the catalyst chemical to the printing point.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    kaksoiskartiosuuttimessa according to an embodiment of the invention, an opening kaksoiskartiosuutin for 3D-printing comprising the structure of the nozzle channel tulostusmateriaalivuon for supplying to the nozzle and through the introducing pulverulent print media kiinnitysainevuossa, which surround is provided a focusing 5 for protective gas flow of the shielding gas flow channel system having a plurality of channels for supplying tulostusainevuon annularly surrounding alikanavaryhmiä radial distances from the channel tulostusainevuon wherein the shielding gas flow duct is arranged to be connected to the subchannel groups through each subchannel group to set the shielding gas flow value between the values open and closed to provide a focusing effect on the print material flow having a duct for supplying laser light and / or adhesive to the printable body.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, a double cone nozzle is provided for use in 3D printing, in which a flow of print material has an adhesive for attaching the powder-like print material to the body to be printed.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the double cone nozzle is frozen for use
    In 3D printing, where the media flux has a laser beam for attaching powdered media to a printable piece.
    The double cone nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention is traced for use in 3D printing in a printing system as its system element, the printing system further comprising spectrometry means for detecting changes in the composition of the print material as an excitation in accordance with the feedback rules.
    To produce a printable part for the 3D printing system according to the invention, the printing system has a supply material source, a laser source and / or an adhesive source for feeding the double cone nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention, a shielding gas source and for controlling the valves directing the substance and / or for controlling the laser light in the control of the control unit via it under the control of the user.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    The ice system according to an embodiment of the invention may further comprise a double cone nozzle according to at least one embodiment of the invention as a system element.
    The glasses used as smart glasses in the user interface are, according to the invention, VR / AR glasses (Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality 5 glasses) known per se, from which, however, they stand out for their user interface, which utilizes neural networks for learning control. According to one embodiment of the invention, the neural networks can also be layered, making it possible to produce self-directed structures that regulate learning, both within the layers and between neurons of different layers. According to one variant, SOM neural networks and / or variants thereof, such as KSOM networks and / or their stabilized forms, can be used to describe the parameter space to provide self-controlling properties of the network for adjusting the parameters in printing. Networks may also be divided into groups of neurons of the same level according to an embodiment of the invention, whereby each group of neurons may communicate with neurons of the second level in optimizing control parameters for a particular composition of print material.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the printer or a 3D printing system using such a device can be installed in an industrial robot. It can thus be controlled by Virtual VR (virtual reality) or augmented reality (AR) glasses (also referred to as “Smart glasses”).
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: Learning artificial intelligence, in connection with smart glasses, a print-nozzle / machine vision assembly and a controllable machine, e.g. an industrial robot, which can be, for example, numerically controllable. The printing system allows a wide variety of materials to be used in 3D printing and the printable piece has no size or space limitation per se, provided that the 25 printer units are mounted on a moving platform.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, a suitable printing nozzle, pulse laser and machine vision system mounted on the material to be printed on a 6-axis industrial robot can be used to print powdered materials, comprising at least: a 3D scanner (laser scanner or similar tomography unit for determining surface formation and / or distances); / or a spectral camera.
    The image and measurement data created as machine vision barriers are transferred to the smart glass for display, giving the user access to print control parameters.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    According to an embodiment of the invention, a virtual 3D model of a piece to be printed is positioned via smart glasses at the place where the piece is to be printed. According to an embodiment of the invention, a 3D scanner is used to mutually match the printing area and the location 5 of the smart glasses with respect to the location of the printing nozzle in the printer of the printer system or in a corresponding printer unit. From the smart glass, the positioning information is transferred via the robot's artificial intelligence to a machine vision system, which can perform iterations with the help of a neural network to refine the position by precision level if more precision levels are available in the ice system. A resolution level refers to a magnifying glass focus on a specific detail of 10 printable pieces. The user interface allows the smart glasses, for example, to rotate the virtual equivalent of a piece and mark the locations of certain details on the piece using the macro recording function, so that the printing system remembers the detail to be placed in each detail. In this case, precision levels can also be used to more accurately shape the shape and / or structure of the detail 15.
    In this case, a 3D scanner at the print head of the robot can be used to scan the print area and accurately position the virtual model of the part to be printed with respect to the existing surfaces at the desired location during printing.
    The virtual model of the piece to be printed gives the so-called “3d mold” for the robot’s learning 20 artificial intelligence. When a piece is printed, for example, powdered material is blown by the inert gas required in the flow through the print nozzle into the print area corresponding to the inside of the virtual mold at a corresponding location and the material is fused to a real-time pulse laser in the print area. The 25 molten material generated by the laser is imaged throughout the printing with all its machine vision barriers by sensors and / or cameras. Based on the location information obtained from the 3D scanner, parameters are obtained for the “movement” of the material melt flow within the virtual mold in the same way as in the real world.
    The composition / elemental distribution of the material melt 30 is obtained through the measurement data of the spectral camera. When the composition of the material melt and the temperature data of the printable part obtained from the thermal camera are known, the power of the pulse laser can be controlled in real time during printing on the basis of this information.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    In addition, the user of the printing system may be assisted by a manual driver, such as a pen-type controller, which allows the user to remotely control the printer system. In this case, the pen may have accelerometers and / or gyroscopes as a MEMS implementation for use as position sensors, whereby the movements of the pen can be controlled and remotely controlled. For example, the user can switch the user interface to a remote control, either temporarily or on hold, from a location selectable from the smart glasses, whereby the pen can be used to influence the orientation of the media flow in the printable part. In remote control, the printing nozzle then monitors the movements of the pen under certain conditions, so that the user can so-called manually perform even the entire printing. The conditions can be set in advance via the menu 10 of the user interface. In addition to the data obtained from the machine vision system, a virtual Control Panel can be formed in the display field of the smart glasses, where the necessary controls for adjusting the printing system are located.
    By way of example, embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the figures, in which
    Figures 1A to 1C illustrate examples of a nozzle part for 3D printing according to an embodiment of the invention viewed from different angles,
    Figure ID illustrates an example of an alternative symmetrical nozzle surface cross-section according to an embodiment of the invention,
    Figures 2A to 2C illustrate examples of 20 alternative ways of implementing a 3D printing nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention,
    Fig. 2D illustrates an example of material streams fed to a 3D nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention and their feed in the examples of Figs. 2A-2C, 2E,
    Fig. 2E illustrates an example of the nozzle material flows to the nozzle 25 provided by the S-IF-R arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention of Fig. 2D,
    Figures 3A-3B illustrate an example of a 3D printing method according to an embodiment of the invention,
    Figure 4 illustrates an example of a 3D printing system and some of its 30 system elements,
    Figure 5 illustrates an example of a smart glass view with a user interface,
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    Figure 6 illustrates an example of a detail according to an embodiment of the invention and
    Figure 7 illustrates an example of a printing pen according to an embodiment of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The dimensions of the objects shown in the figures are not necessarily in relation to each other according to the example, but may vary. The same reference numeral refers to similar objects in different figures, where applicable, unless otherwise indicated. However, one skilled in the art will recognize that the referenced objects need not necessarily be identical between embodiments, but the properties of such referenced objects may vary to the extent understood by one skilled in the art based on his or her training.
    Figure 1A illustrates an opening double cone nozzle. In Figures 1B and 1C, the nozzle is illustrated from another direction. Figures 1B and 1C also show the feed symmetry of the nozzle according to the embodiment 15 of the invention for the nozzle body S. The number 1 illustrates the opening conical nozzle part. This part is used to form a beam-like flow pattern from the inert gas. Figure ID illustrates a curved conical surface in an alternative embodiment of the invention in an implementation of a nozzle S. In particular, the curved surface may be in the shape of a rotating body formed by a mathematical function 20, in accordance with one embodiment an exponential surface of the rotating body formed by the function, whereby the velocity of the material flow can be accelerated by the exponential surface.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, some of the holes may be compartmentalized to transport a suitable chemical away from the inert gas to feed the chemical through the nozzle holes in printing for printing, where appropriate through chemical selection it can be used as a catalyst and / or adhesive or similar primer to reinforce material. The partitioning example for the nozzle S is illustrated in Figure 2E. In this case, several chemicals can also be selected to be mixed via different nozzles under the protection of an inert gas stream to be mixed together, for example to achieve a CVD process and thus to produce a certain type of chemical compound on the surface of the printable body from the gas phases. In addition, can be used
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 also apply, for example, hardeners that harden under the influence of laser light, in the same way that the places of a dentist's tooth can be hardened with a suitable light. According to an embodiment of the invention, the substance supply holes in the nozzle at the end of the supply channel for those substances are shaped into rectangles, whereby the mixing of the flow 5 can thus be improved by producing turbulence and thus improving the miscibility of the substances. This exemplary embodiment of the invention is referred to as a turbulent nozzle to refer to an increased mixing property compared to a normal circular / elliptical hole nozzle.
    In Figure 1A, number 2 illustrates 10 collector chambers for a shielding gas flow (e.g., an inert gas). The flow of the conical 1-side wall of the chamber 2 from the openings 5 (illustrated by ellipses in the elliptical surface) with the gas discharged is controlled by the flow of the material to be printed. Number 3 illustrates the material supply nozzle, the material coming to the nozzle is blown out e.g. by means of an inert gas. This inert gas does not necessarily have to be the same substance as the shielding gas flow of the chamber 2, but a catalyst and / or other substance can also be used in the composition of the material feed 3 to improve the adhesion of the printed material to the printing object. Numeral 4 illustrates the end of a fiber laser. According to an embodiment of the invention in which the fiber laser has been replaced by an adhesive supply, the number 4 illustrates the adhesive supply channel in Figures 1A-1C.
    Figures 2A-2E illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which the nozzle S can be exchanged by means of the nozzle arrangement S-IF-R so that the flows of different materials inside the shielding gas Sh can be arranged in alternative radial arrangements. In this case, the nozzle part S, the spacer IF and the feed body part R can be fastened to each other by means of the fasteners K, so that the order of the fiber laser L 25 and the material feed M can be changed in Fig. 2B. In this case, an advantage can possibly be obtained with materials which require preheating in order to bind to the printable part, especially if the intention is to influence the uniform formation of the material layer at the printing point.
    Figure 2C illustrates a nozzle arrangement, S-IF-R, using two different materials in printing, materials M1 and M2. In this case, a person skilled in the art will know from the embodiments of the invention that the number of materials per se is not limited to the examples shown in Figures 2A-2C, but there may be more materials, as long as each nozzle arrangement has a separate S-IF-R nozzle arrangement.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 their feed channel. L1 and L2 illustrate laser light inputs, which may themselves be in the wavelength range of the optical region and / or its adjacent regions. For example, ultraviolet and infrared regions may be considered in addition to the optical region when using laser light. In one embodiment of the invention, a laser feed can also be replaced by a glue / binder feed, whereby the laser can be used per se for heating at the printing point, but also for modifying the state of the material flows, but also for catalytically curing the printing point. According to an embodiment of the invention, a batch of lasers, L, L1 and / or L2, can be used to correct the accumulation of material formed at the printing point, if for some reason it is not to the liking of the user controlling the printing. In this case, the laser can be set to an ablation mode by means of the user interface, which can be used to remove material from the area to be repaired. In one embodiment, the ablation mode is a cold ablation mode.
    Alternatively, one of the material supply channels M1, M2, and / or the channels L1, L2 can be used to supply solvent to the printing point, whereby the solvent is used to smooth out the shape deviations of the printing point. In this case, however, in order to enable the supply of material along one of the channels L1, L2, the channel must in that case be the channel forming the material supply channel, where applicable.
    Figure 2D illustrates a symmetrical nozzle arrangement feed with reference to Figures 1A-1C and Figures 2A-2E to illustrate material flows by example. In Fig. 2C 20, for technical reasons, a cross-section of the entire nozzle channel has been used to illustrate the ductwork, even if, for example, the situation at the end of the nozzle S differs from the schematic example of Fig. 2C according to Fig. 2E.
    In the printing example, reference is made to Figures 1A and 2A and Figure 4, as applicable. From the printing nozzle S, the powder material 3, M 25 to be blown with the required inert gas 2, Sh 25 is melted by a pulsed laser L. The material at the junction of the focal point of the jet M and the laser L is considered as a zero point (O-point) for printing. The hyperspectral camera (Fig. 4, spectroscopic means Spe) and the thermal camera (Fig. 4 spectroscopic means Spe) are aligned to the 0 point at the location of the printable object, whereby the elemental distribution and temperature of that point in the spatial data space of the printable part are known. Alternatively and / or in addition to the elemental distribution, information on material bonds can also be used, to the extent that is spectroscopically available, to the extent possible, based on the response provided by the laser-excited bond used as the excitation of the structural material bonds.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    In printing, the power of the pulse laser L, L1, L2 is adjusted in real time by means of the elemental distribution of the print material obtained from the hyperspectral camera HSPK and the data produced by the thermal camera LK. The artificial intelligence retrieves from the material database (Database) the settings of the material with the nearest corresponding element distribution (M, Ml M2). If printing does not meet certain 5 conditions, the user can remotely control the printer using VR glasses and a stylus (Pen) and manually retrieve the settings by adjusting the laser L power and media M feed rate, print nozzle S, S-IF-R position relative to the surface to be printed, and more. parameters affecting the control.
    This system eliminates the need to know in advance the properties of the material to be printed except for the particle size of the powder (no clogging of the print-nozzle arrangement or part thereof) and the material class (ABS, nylon, aluminum, steel, etc.) of the composition. According to one embodiment of the invention, in principle all materials which can be melted by a laser and / or ablated by a pulsed laser are suitable for printing and to a certain extent different materials can be mixed in the print nozzle 15 or directly in the laser melt using several material supply tubes to achieve the required properties. The material supply can also be realized by means of a group of nozzles formed by several nozzles, each of which has its own nozzle arrangement, whereby it is possible to avoid the need to change the print nozzle during printing in order to achieve an optimal result.
    With VR glasses and a 3D scanner, a virtual model of a piece to be printed can be positioned on top of an existing piece (in the user interface), below, or on a page, and printing can begin directly on it. It is also possible to use a substrate for initiating printing, which forms, for example, a network or other similar support structure, on which the object to be printed is printed, unless it is directly started to print on the substrate. In this case, the substrate can in some cases save material and / or speed up printing. The print nozzle and / or the corresponding nozzle arrangement can also be installed in existing machining centers as in traditional 3D printers. It can also be estimated that when 5gnets are in use, they can be used to place artificial intelligence on a server (Figure 4), 30 in which case the field / site printer hardware does not need very heavy computing capacity and can be controlled remotely in real time, e.g., a robotic arm or multicopter mobile equipment.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    Figure 3A illustrates printing per se. When the printing material M enters the reading range of the spectroscopic means Spe for determining the spectrum, the elemental composition can be determined therefrom by means of sensors A1 and / or A2. Binding types 5 can also be determined, as appropriate, from the material, whereby the driving parameters of the laser L, L1, L2, such as power, pulse length in relation to the time between pulses, pulse rise time, and / or fluency, can be controlled on the basis of the information. The comparator means (Kompa) can be used to compare the quantities at different stages of the feed with the quantities given by the spectroscopic means Spe.
    On the basis of the material spectrum, for example, the vapor pressure and viscosity of the material as a melt are also known, and possibly whether there is a risk of the material decomposing at a certain temperature in an unfavorable printing manner, so that the laser operating settings can be set optimal for the printed material. In addition, variables describing the state of the nozzle, such as pressure, temperature, resonant frequencies, can be adjusted and thus keep the maximum in operation unobstructed for as long as possible. If necessary, the direction of the material flow can also be changed from the set one, depending on the monitoring. According to an exemplary embodiment, the monitoring is controlled by a neural network implemented with artificial intelligence, whereby the parameter adjustment can be implemented according to the characteristics of the artificial intelligence algorithm, either by external and / or internal feedback, using the measurement and comparison information.
    Figure 3B illustrates a printing method according to an embodiment of the invention. It first selects the song (PC) you want to print. The choice can be a scan from the memory of the printing system, the server (Fig. 4) or it can also be scanned alternatively to the ones shown, for example by means of tomography means (Volume, Fig. 4) using 25 tomography files obtained from a real body. The tomography file may be stored in a database, and / or sent to a server for storage, distribution and / or editing as appropriate.
    For printing, it is checked whether the nozzle arrangement S-IF-R has a suitable maximum S for the selected material M, in which case the AI may recommend a suitable nozzle replacement if the printing system does not have suitable nozzles in the printing system to print the printable article according to its complexity. or in the printable part with the details needed to print the structure.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    In printing, the materials for printing are also selected, and the printing geometry of the printing is checked. Artificial intelligence may recommend printing a piece in a particular position, and / or based on the coordinates of a particular coordinate system, if it finds that it would be advantageous to perform printing according to a first printing geometry rather than a second printing geometry. According to an embodiment of the invention, the artificial intelligence may be arranged to simulate parallel printing geometries and give the user, for example, the fastest printing geometry to be selected as a recommendation. Alternatively, the recommendation may be, for example, the most accurate corresponding to the geometry giving the print. According to an embodiment of the invention, the printing system also has the possibility to perform 10 simulations of printing, whereby the required movements through robotics (Robo, Fig. 4) and the feedback feeds and moving parts of the servo system in both rotations and advancing movements (x, y, z) can be estimated in advance. potential bottlenecks can be removed from printing. In this case, the preview function shown above can save material, equipment and time, especially if there is a foreseeable possibility of printing being interrupted during printing.
    The printing itself can proceed as shown in Figure 3A, in which case the artificial intelligence monitors the printing and, if necessary, transmits the tracking information about the printing to the user. Where applicable, the information may be in visual, text-based, coded, and / or parametric forms, for example, providing the user with a view of printing progress through the view of the user interface 20 provided by the smart glasses (Figure 5).
    If the user and / or artificial intelligence (for example, when monitoring printing with tomographic means) detects deviations from the preset values in the form of a printable print, the artificial intelligence may notify the user of the deviation, which may either reject the notification or take control of printing. In this case, the user interface 25 can be used to indicate the parts of the part to be repaired, from which material is either removed or added according to the need for repair. According to one embodiment, the smart glasses may have cameras for monitoring, for example, the user's hands, fingers and / or the stylus pointer used by the user and / or the user's eye movements as well as the blinking of the eye. In this case, corrective actions can be applied, for example, from the menu structure by selecting to target a specific item to be printed at 30 points. The implementation can also be interactive in such a way that a certain range of parameters is displayed, as indicated by the user. According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the cameras of the smart glasses is used in connection with tomography means.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the printout is recorded in its entirety, whereby the user can subsequently store the printout as it is, or, where applicable, corrected in a database in memory for later use. In this case, the printout can be recorded as a macro, in which case the user can give it a suitable name, for example Vase 5 XXX. In this case, when the user wants to print another, next, vase, for example a freshly printed vase conforming to Vase XXX, the user can retrieve a print macro from the database, which allows the user to print a similar vase based on the movements contained in the macro and nozzle control information. The macro may, where applicable, comprise motion data, but according to one embodiment, it may also be adapted to a different material, whereby the artificial intelligence may perform a new simulation to optimize the print flow.
    Figure 4 illustrates an example of a printing system according to an embodiment of the invention. According to an embodiment of the invention, the printing system has a control center, for example implemented with a plurality of microprocessors μess, wherein at least 15 of the microprocessors have a memory (illustrated by a box of memory) in which the algorithms and control data needed to maintain artificial intelligence can be stored. The memory may be short-term for the needs of the microprocessor functions and / or long-term for storing data and / or operating parameters, as appropriate. Under the control center, there is a user interface KL, which is arranged locally as its 20 printers in connection with a printer. The user interface includes VR / AR means for controlling the smart glasses to implement the interaction between the control center and the user to control printing. The VR / AR means may comprise smart glasses, as well as a plurality of cameras for detecting movements and / or flickers of the user's eye, to be interpreted as artificial command commands and / or selection functions in the menu structure presented to the user by the smart glasses. According to an exemplary embodiment, other parts of the user's body, such as fingers, hands, arms, can also be used as pointing and / or selection means. For example, a pen-like pointer can also be used as a pointer and / or selection tool in print control.
    Figure 4 also illustrates embodiments of the invention in which the user interface is distributed further away from the control center by means of a local area network. In this case, the short-range user interface KLL may be similar to the user interface KL, as applicable. According to an embodiment of the invention, the control center is in communication
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 means (Communication) to a server that can, where applicable, maintain LAN connections to provide local access. According to an embodiment of the invention, the server may also be connected to another data network, of which the Internet is shown as an example in the figure, without being exclusively limited thereto. In this case, it is also possible to provide such remote access by means of the remote user interface KLE, in which the printing system is accessed remotely. In this case, the user can be at home, for example, and the piece to be printed in an industrial plant, even in another city, country or continent. According to an embodiment of the invention, the server and data networks can then be utilized so that the printing system has a self-diagnostic circuit IDP, by means of which the operation of the printing system and its material flows can be monitored, whereby logistics of logistics, hardware maintenance, spare parts and / or orders can be arranged. automatic. In this case, the printing system is as ready to operate as possible for printing. According to an embodiment of the invention, according to Example 15 of Figure 4, the printing system has a Printer indicated by broken lines. According to an embodiment of the invention, the server may comprise, where applicable, the artificial intelligence algorithms of the control center, in which case the distribution of the computation between the server and the printer can also be used.
    Where applicable, for example, the spectroscopic means Spe and / or the tomography unit Tomo may be external to the printer itself, but can be connected to the printer under the control of 20 control centers. It is also noted from the KL interface that it does not necessarily have to be part of the printer, but the KL may be external to the printer as applicable. For example, the smart glasses may be worn by the user but connected wired or wirelessly to the printer control center, for example, through a server.
    The server is drawn via communication means to communicate with the control center in Figure 25 4.
    According to the example in Figure 4, the control center can control the spectroscopic means Spe, the tomography unit Tomo, the dosing of the starting materials Sh, L, M, the position and / or space of the nozzle arrangement S-IF-R in relation to the printing point, laser L, LI, L2, servos ) to move the printable portion during printing 30 as needed, including rotations. Although the silhouette of the printable piece above the Robo box has been illustrated by curved lines based on a planar pattern, it has been illustrated that it can be moved horizontally and / or vertically as well as rotated
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 (illustrated by curved arrows) it is clear to a person skilled in the art that corresponding movements can also be made for a piece in a coordinate perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
    Figure 5 illustrates the user interface implemented with the help of smart glasses, KL, KLL, KLE.
    Two silhouettes of a vase are illustrated in the left-hand smart glass lens (top left of Figure 5). These are shown in parallel, with a selection frame around the right half, as well as a selection arrow illustrating that it is the properties of that silhouette, in the menus of the right lens of the smart glass, which depict text and parameters in horizontal lines within the boxes 10. The arrow is intended to illustrate that a particular parameter is selected for the right-hand silhouette. This may be, for example, a model of the item to be printed, and the left silhouette of the left lens may be an image of the item to be printed according to the current progress of printing. In the image in the upper right corner, the selection has changed when the arrow indicating the selection on the left lens indicates the 15 silhouettes on the left. Also, the right-hand lens menu line has changed to another box, pointing to another text / parameter line.
    In the lower left corner, the selection was made on a line which opened a new menu illustrating to the user the possibility of rotating and / or moving the piece to be printed at a certain stage of printing, for example in connection with macro recording 20, without limitation.
    through the selection of the right corner indicated by the arrow is reached in examining the printed piece of printing element distribution in which (on the right in the top pane) is described to illustrate the three peaks obtained information spektroskopiavälineillä. For example, the lower pane illustrates the accumulation of material on a surface of the printable piece 25. According to one embodiment, the straightest arrows illustrating the transfer and / or the curved arrows illustrating the rotation illustrate the possibility of viewing the spectrum of a printable piece, for example from a point according to the rotation, as the spectrum changes according to the point.
    Figure 6 illustrates spectroscopy means Spe comprising in the illustrated example at least one of the following: Connection to a control center, hyperspectral camera HSPK, Comparator Kompa for comparing spectra, thermal camera LK. Although only one spectroscopic means is shown in Figure 4, Spe
    One skilled in the art will recognize from the invention that there may be several of them, in which case, according to one embodiment, the spectroscopic means may be suitably external and / or distributed among several means.
    Example 1
    According to an embodiment of the invention, a work file is imaged on a piece to be printed with a 3D scanner according to an embodiment of the invention. The scanner may be a tomography device that provides details that are distinguished according to the resolution of the 3D scanner, imaged according to the shapes of the body in relation to the rest of the structure (s) of the body to be printed. For example, the information may be in numerical form, based on which the control unit controls the material flows to be fed to the nozzle, their intensities and durations, and the directions from which the material flows are applied to the printable part. The directions of the material flow can be realized by rotating and / or moving the part by means of robotics. In this case, the relationship between the material flow to be printed and the nozzle material flow can be changed by moving the printable part and / or the largest relative to each other. Small pieces can be printed by moving the piece, and / or rotating as appropriate, but large pieces may require more nozzle movement according to the intended locations of the media streams to be aligned according to the print than in the case of a small piece to be printed. It is also possible to use a number of nozzles 20 in a nozzle arrangement, in which case printing can be carried out in different directions by means of a set of nozzles.
    The printable body can be arranged to be moved, for example, according to the Cartesian coordinate system, in addition to the three directions, but also rotationally symmetrically by means of a holder operating with respect to each coordinate axis. For example, a 6-axis industrial robot can be used for movement. Alternatively, the piece to be printed may in some cases be of such a shape that it is easier mathematically to align the piece to be printed according to the spherical coordinate system with the print material flow than in the Cartesian coordinate system. According to another variant, it may be appropriate to select a cylinder coordinate system as the print coordinate system, for example when the body to be printed is elongate or otherwise more suitable for the cylinder coordinate system than other coordinate systems, such as a rotationally symmetrical printable body and / or a nearly rotationally symmetrical body. Especially when the song is elongated.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017
    According to one embodiment, the user can select from the user interface which print coordinate system he intends to use for printing. According to one variant, the artificial intelligence can provide options to support the selection in the form of a print time estimate, based on simulation and / or the dimensions of the printable part based on the tomography file, 5 allowing the user to select a coordinate system, such as the fastest and / or most accurate coordinate system. For simple paragraphs, the coordinate system selection feature may not matter, but in some cases, the selection can help you decide how to optimize the print time for a particular type of more specific paragraph. According to one embodiment, the user 10 can select, for example, the fastest print, but also set his selection to be automatically selected, whereby the artificial intelligence generates values for the running parameters for the piece in question. The print file of the song can be stored in a database on the system or in an external database in a system-readable format.
    Example 2
    The printer consists of a printing system with a first nozzle arrangement S-IF-R with a replaceable nozzle S as one of the nozzle arrangements of the printer. Without limiting the nitrogen and / or number of nozzle arrangements in embodiments of the invention, said printer further has at least one other fixed nozzle arrangement in which the nozzle part S and the body part R are fixedly connected to each other by a material supply channel.
    In addition, said second nozzle arrangement has a Laser, which can also be used to melt the print material during the actual printing, but also as a pulsed ablation laser, to remove the material from the printable part to correct it, if necessary by switching the printer to the correction mode. According to an embodiment of the invention 25, the user can also take control of the entire printout and print the printable part, if applicable, if not completely, under his own control. In one embodiment, the smart glasses are used to provide control of the pen-like guide to the printer and its material supply, but in one embodiment, the user's hand or fingers may be used as a replacement for the pen-like guide.
    Example 3
    In the printer of Example 2, the laser used to heat / melt the print material has been replaced, where applicable, by an adhesive supply channel and a press.
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 to produce an adhesive flow to an article to be printed by means of an adhesive means formed by means of said means, by means of which the adhesive is attached to the actual print material.
    Example 4
    A printer with adhesive means also has an ablation laser to repair the printable part. According to one embodiment, the printer also has a laser, in which the adhesive is cured by laser light at the printing point during printing.
    Example 5
    In a device according to an embodiment of the invention, the nozzle arrangement has a body part R with a constant connection to certain types of combinations of nozzle S and spacer IF, to be connected to the spacer. In this case, a different nozzle S can be changed to a standard body part with a certain spacer IF, in which case standard material feeds through the body part can be used with the same particular body part R, but by changing the largest S and the spacer IF 15 to optimize the material flow to, in accordance with Figures 2A-2D. According to an embodiment, the body part R may be provided with identification means, whereby on the basis of the signal received from the identification means the control center also identifies the nozzle S and the intermediate part IF when these are suitably provided so that the body part identification means receives identification information from the nozzle S and the intermediate part IF. for part R to select the media flows for the printing event, and / or to simulate it.
    Example 6
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprising the smart glass-controlled 3D printing pen comprises: a smart glass, a printing pen (Figure 7), supply tubes / wires connecting the printing pen and its nozzles to the material supply apparatus, where applicable. The material supply apparatus comprises a power supply, a printing material supply system per se, electronics required for connecting smart glasses to the system, and a fiber laser and / or adhesive or other binder supply apparatus, as applicable, according to embodiments 30 of the invention. Alternatively, one or more may be added to the printing system
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 several electric motor controlled wire spools for the functions of the printing pen. The wire spool may, for example, have 10 m of suitably thin and / or non-stretchable braided wire.
    According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 7, which illustrates a printing pen as follows:
    701 illustrates an example of a manifold that may include pipes and wires from a material feeder and a support loop 704 in the center of the manifold with a wire spool wire and fasteners.
    702 illustrates a handle portion with a flywheel unit in the center. In this example, there are five electric motor-driven flywheels, not limited to that number per se, in embodiments of the invention. Material pipes to the nozzle can also pass through the handle part, if applicable according to the example. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a flywheel unit is also intended to mean a flywheel unit with gyroscopes or similar position sensors, which can be implemented, for example, by means of a MEMS sensor, where applicable. In this case, individual sensors or more than one can be used to detect and / or identify the position and / or Motion of the pen. Accelerometers (MEMS) can also be used connected to the stylus to detect changes in its Motion Mode and / or Motion Mode.
    703 illustrates a nozzle member, in this exemplary case, an opening double cone nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Example 7
    As an example of an application, hands-free printing is shown: When the printing pen according to the embodiment of the invention is used for hands-free printing, a virtual model of the item to be printed can be positioned in a desired location via smart glasses. The flywheels on the handle portion of the pen can provide haptic feedback to the user 25 according to the shapes of the virtual model of the piece to be printed. In this case, smart glasses can be used, as appropriate, to provide feedback to the user based on the position information measured by the system's sensors. When the pen is transported during / inside the virtual mold during printing and approaching the edge of the piece to be printed, then by changing the flywheel speed and axis angle, 30 pens can be tilted so that the zero point of the pen (eg 30mm from the nozzle) does not move outside the piece to be printed. Tilt can be measured with position sensors (MEMS).
    According to one embodiment, printing with one wire spool: According to one embodiment, the printing pen can be used as an automatic 3D printer when at least one wire spool is connected to it, in which case it is not necessary to hold the printing pen at least 5 completely by hand. For example, the motor part of the wire spool is hung on a hook on the roof of the printing area and the other end of the wire on a support loop in the manifold of the printing pen. In the example, the wire reel is used to adjust the print height (Axis) and the flywheels can be used to make the printer pen pendulum-like (X, Y axis), if necessary.
    According to one embodiment, the printing can be performed with four wire spools, if applicable: The wire spools are mounted as far apart as possible, for example in the room at the ceiling, in the corners, and the cables in the support loops on the side of the pen, for example. In this case, the print area becomes almost the entire size of the room. By adding the second wire spools to the corners and attaching the wires from the same corner to the upper and lower support loops on the sides of the printing pen 15, the wires can be used to tilt the printing pen relative to the printing plane.
    The control according to an embodiment of the invention by means of smart glasses in the control of 3D printing can also be used, where applicable, in the control of a non-double cone nozzle.
    Although the examples describe the positioning of the printing pen by means of wires, according to one embodiment, beams and / or articulated beams and / or telescopic structures can also be used to change the position of the pen relative to the piece to be printed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. Opening double cone nozzle with carrier fluid collection chamber (
    [2]
    2), print media supply tube (
    [3]
    3) and a print material fusing feed inlet 5 (4), characterized in that the carrier fluid collecting chamber is bounded by a truncated cone surface (1) having carrier fluid passage channels (5) symmetrically around the print material supply pipe (3) (3, M, M1, M2) at the print point.
    The double cone nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said truncated cone surface (1) is a cone surface modified exponentially opening away from the nozzle in the form of a rotating body of exponential function to accelerate the flow rate of print material within the protective flow formed by the carrier fluid.
    A double cone nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one flow of material is conveyed in the channel passing through the collecting chamber (2) through the truncated cone surface between the carrier fluid and the printing material to bring said material (M1, M2) to and / or around the printable body. on the surface for fixing and / or modifying the printing material 20 pieces to be printed at the printing point for fixing.
    [4]
    Double cone nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply channel of the fastening feed (L, L1, L2) has a light guide for producing laser light for the printing press.
    [5]
    Double cone nozzle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a channel in the supply channel of the fitting feed (L, L1, L2) for directing the adhesive and / or the catalyst chemical to the printing point.
    30
    [6]
    An openable double cone nozzle for 3D printing according to claim 1, comprising a nozzle in the structure for feeding a flow of print material to and passing through the nozzle to the powder-like print material (M) in a binder stream (L) surrounded by a focusing shielding gas flow (Sh)
    20176144 prh 21 -12- 2017 shielding gas flow duct with a plurality of channels for supplying a flow of circumferentially surrounding subchannel groups at radial distances from the duct for supplying a flow of material. is a channel for supplying laser light and / or glue to the printable article.
    [7]
    Use of a nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims in printing, wherein the flow of printing material has an adhesive for attaching the powdered printing material to the article to be printed.
    [8]
    Use of a nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims in printing, wherein the media beam has a laser beam for powdered media.
    15 to attach to the printable item.
    [9]
    Use of a nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims in a printing system as a system element thereof, characterized in that the printing system further comprises spectrometry means (Spe) for printing the printing material.
    20 to detect changes in composition as an excitation for a response to compensate for a change in composition to keep the composition of the printable article as pre-designed by changing the properties of the laser beam by feedback, in accordance with feedback rules.
    25
    [10]
    10.3D printing system for producing a printable part, the printing system having a media source, a laser source and / or an adhesive source for feeding media, for feeding media through a nozzle, and a control unit for controlling media supply, and an interface for smart glasses and / or to control the laser light in the control of the control unit via it under the control of the user.
    [11]
    The system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the system further comprises a double cone nozzle according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 as a system element.
    [12]
    The system of claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the system comprises means
    5 to connect the shielding gas flow to the printout
    [13]
    A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit comprises means for controlling the shielding gas flow.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2018-05-21| PC| Transfer of assignment of patent|Owner name: JAUHE OY |
    2022-01-11| FD| Application lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20177066|2017-05-22|PCT/FI2018/050956| WO2019122526A2|2017-12-21|2018-12-20|A nozzle for 3d-printing, 3d-printer, a printing system and a robot controlling system|
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