• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:FI20175608A1
    申请号:FI20175608
    申请日:2017-06-27
    公开日:2018-12-28
    发明作者:Pekka Lyytikäinen；Jukka Vehmas
    申请人:Glaston Finland Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for cutting glass sheets
    The invention relates to a method for tempering glass sheets, wherein the glass sheet is heated to a tempering temperature and quenching is performed by blowing cooling air in jets towards the glass sheet.
    Glass plate tempering furnaces in which the glass sheets move in one direction or on top of the rotating ceramic rolls and from which they pass at a tempering temperature along a roll path to a quench cooling unit at the rear of the furnace, where the quenching is performed by air jets. A furnace with a roller track is referred to in the art as, for example, a roller furnace. The oven typically has a temperature of 700 ° C and typically the temperature of the air used for cooling is approximately the same as that of the outside or in the factory. Cooling air is supplied by a fan or compressor. In air-supported furnaces and quenching units, the glass sheet floats supported by a thin air mattress and contacts the conveyor track rollers or other conveying members only at one side. Glass plate tempering machines based on air support technology are clearly less common than roller tempering machines. A furnace based on air support technology is referred to in the art as, for example, an air support furnace. The goal of the tempering process is the same regardless of the type of glass plate supported. The support plate of the glass sheet does not eliminate the end deflection problem which will be described later which the invention solves.
    The typical tempering temperature of a 4 mm thick glass plate, i.e. the temperature at which the glass moves from the oven to the tempering unit, is 640 ° C. The tempering temperature of the glass can be slightly decreased as the glass thickness increases. Raising the tempering temperature will allow the glass to become thinner and reduce the cooling power required for tempering cooling. On the other hand, simply raising the tempering temperature from 640 ° C to 670 ° C, for example, brings a significantly higher degree of stiffening or hardening of the 4 mm thick glass, i.e. the compression tension of the glass surface increases. For example, with a thin 2 mm thick glass, the tempering temperature must be raised to at least 660 ° C in order for the tempering to succeed. Decreasing the thickness of the glass and raising the tempering temperature both add to the end deflection problem which the invention solves.
    The tempering process of the incoming glass is excellent in straightness and optical properties. Therein, the compression stress of the glass surface is typically 1-4 MPa. In the solution process, a sufficient strength increase is sought for the glass sheet, while minimizing its straightness and optical properties. In addition to strength, another desirable feature of tempered glass is its safety in the event of breakage. Untreated glass breaks into large pieces that are dangerous to the cut. Tempered glass breaks into almost harmless crumbs.
    The compression stress (strain rate) on the surface of the glass as a result of tempering depends on the thickness profile of the glass as the glass cools through the glass transition zone (about 600-500 ° C). The thinner glass requires more cooling power to achieve the same temperature difference. For example, for a 4 mm thick glass sheet, a tempering of about 100 MPa is sought with a tensile stress of about 46 MPa in the middle of the glass thickness. Such a glass sheet breaks into crumbs that meet the requirements of safety glass standards. For so-called FRG (fire resistant glass) tempering, a much higher surface tension is sought. The so-called heat-reinforced glass does not seek safe breakage, nor is it as high strength (about 50 MPa surface compression is sufficient) as for toughened glass. Heat-reinforcement is successful when the cooling power of the air jets in the quenching unit is clearly reduced in proportion to the quenching. Otherwise, in the process, the heat-hardening and tempering are similar. The present invention solves the same problem in both. The above quenching temperatures are also suitable as examples for heat reinforcement, i.e., the quench temperature also means the heat stiffening temperature. The end deflection problem is largely independent of whether a glass compression tension of 50, 100 MPa or more is desired for the glass if the tempering temperature remains the same. In practice, especially when thin glasses less than 2.5mm thick are tempered, the tempering temperature is raised as the target increases.
    Generally, an end bump is called an upward or downward curved shape of the glass ends.
    The formation of a downward end deflection begins as the glass end begins to creep down during heating. The end creeps in as the glass is heated to above 500 ° C in the oven, whereupon the mechanical properties of the glass begin to change relatively sharply. At the same time, the glass begins to change from elastic to plastic. The deformation of the glass is reversed as the plasticity increases. The end of the glass would not bend and creep if the glass were evenly supported in the oven. However, in the roller oven, the glass support points (lines) are only spaced between the roller spacers (typically 100-150 mm). In an air support furnace, a pressurized air mattress (relative to the pressure in the furnace air space) is less supportive of the glass edges than the rest of the glass region because the static overpressure supporting the glass in the air mattress is smaller. This is because underneath the glass edges, the air mattress air can escape from the air support table, not only from the openings under the glass, but also between the glass and the plane surface of the air support table. In the oven, the bent end glass does not spontaneously straighten through the quenching process, which solidifies the glass within a few seconds to its final elastic shape. The downward (toward the lower pre-cooling air housings) end deflection typically begins at about 70-200 mm from the glass ends, e.g. depending on the thickness of the glass and the type of tempering machine.
    The upward (toward the upper pre-cooling air casing) end deflection occurs with certain types of coatings (e.g., pyrolytic low emissivity coating) on the upper surface of tempered (or heat-reinforced) glasses. Its formation is related to the difference in thermal expansion between the glass and the coating, i.e., in the furnace and / or tempered cooling, the coating tends to expand or shrink to a different extent than the glass, resulting in typically tempered glass ends turning about 30-70 mm apart. In such a glass, the end deflection may first begin downwardly and then turn upwardly at said distance from the end. In addition, in such a glass, in addition to the front and rear ends, the sides of the glass are often upwardly bent about 20-50 mm from the side edge.
    Figure 1 illustrates a method for measuring the end deflection of glass according to EN 12150-1. Here, the top surface of the glass is opposite to the direction of the end deflection. The glass is placed on the measuring platform so that its end exceeds the plane by 50 mm. A straight ruler of 300-400 mm is placed over the end of the glass so that the gauge at one end of the ruler is at the measurable end of the glass. The dial reading is the end deflection of the glass. Em. according to the standard, for example, for glass of 4 mm thickness, the allowed end deflection is 0.4 mm. In practice, the requirements for end-bending glass producers for tempered glass are somewhat tighter than standard. The ever higher quality values of glass are a competitive advantage for the tempering machine manufacturer, and for the producer of still tempered glass.
    The end deflection described above is a quality problem for tempered glass commonly known in the art. The end deflection is practically problematic e.g. because it distorts the reflection of the glass. Distortion, for example, in the reflection of a building window is an aesthetic disadvantage. In addition, the end deflection makes it more difficult to laminate the glass (the two glasses are interconnected by means of a laminating film therebetween), i.e. requiring special measures and / or a thicker (more expensive) laminating film. It has been found in practice that the method according to the invention can reduce the values of the end deflection.
    GB 1 071 555 discloses a method and apparatus for manufacturing a bent tempered glass sheet by utilizing various stresses created at various regions and opposed surfaces of the glass sheet during bending. In the precooling section, only the upper surfaces of the side edges of the glass sheet are cooled to provide a temporary upward curvature of these areas, which is multiplied as the entire glass moves to both sides of the cooling. The side edges are cooled in the pre-cooling section along the entire length of the glass, with no middle strips at all. With the device described in the publication, it is not possible to apply pre-cooling to the middle strip of the glass sheet, nor to apply it only to the front and rear ends of the glass. Thus, the publication does not attempt to solve the problem of flat glass plate end deflection, which is solved by the invention of this patent application.
    In FI 20155730A, the tempering of the side edges of a glass sheet begins to cool slightly earlier than the middle strips. The lateral edge bands are cooled at the beginning of the quench cooling along the entire length of the glass, with no central bands at all. Thus, the publication does not solve the problem of flat end glass bending.
    In US 4 261 723, only the top surface of the glass sheet front end is pre-cooled after the furnace before the quenching unit to reduce the glass sheet front end deflection. The flow rate of this pre-cooling blast is weaker in the side edge strips of the glass than in the middle band of the glass because the blowing openings of the pre-cooling air casing are larger at the middle band of the glass and the blowing pressure is the same. As the width of the glass pane changes, the pre-cooling air housing would need to be replaced to maintain the side and middle band widths of the glass pane relative to the width of the glass pane, or to completely eliminate blasting on any glass pane. Pre-blowing durations The length of the pre-blasting trip is the same across the entire width of the glass. The rear end of the glass is not pre-cooled and it is not possible to pre-cool the lower surface of the glass. In practice, efforts have been made to reduce the above-mentioned downward inclination problem e.g. aiming to use the lowest quenching temperatures and the densest possible spacing of the roller furnace and quencher unit.
    In US 6,410,887, the above-described upward end deflection in coated tempered glass has been sought to be reduced by using a higher upper than lower convection at the beginning of the furnace and vice versa at the end of the heating.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a method of making thin (thickness less than 6 mm, in particular less than 4 mm) large (more than 0.5 m2, typically greater than 1 m2) heat-strengthened, tempered and super-tempered glass sheets with straight front and back ends. It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the quality of glass by reducing its end angle (e.g. measured according to EN12150-1). This object is achieved by the process according to the invention on the basis of the features set forth in the appended claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. In the specification, tempering generally refers to the significant heat treatment reinforcement of glass.
    The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
    Figure 1 shows a method for measuring the end deflection of glass in EN12150-1
    Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the compartments of the apparatus required for the method,
    Figure 3 is a schematic view of the pre-cooling air housings of the device required for the method, with blowing openings viewed from the normal direction of the glass surface,
    Figure 4 shows schematically the devices required for controlling the pre-blast zones of the pre-cooling zones
    Figure 5 shows the end deflections measured at the front and rear ends of the glass and the areas of influence of the pre-blast to straighten the end deflections measured at the glass
    Figures 6 illustrate examples of possible areas of influence of the method on pre-blasting in the glass to straighten its ends.
    The apparatus comprises an oven 1 and a quenching unit 2, which are arranged in a sequential order in the running direction of the glass sheet according to Fig. 2.
    The furnace 1 is typically provided with horizontal rollers 5 or an air carrier table with conveyor means. These form the glass sheet conveyor track. The heated glass sheet G is conveyed continuously in the furnace at a constant speed in the same direction or back and forth over the heating time. The glass plate heated to the tempering temperature moves from the furnace 1 to the tempering unit 2 at a transfer rate W which is typically higher than the glass moving speed in the furnace 1. Typically, the transfer rate W is 300 to 800 mm / s and remains constant for at least as long as the glass has cooled. —The temperature below the zone. For example, every point of a 3 mm thick glass should wait at least about 3 seconds for quench cooling. For example, at a transfer rate of 600 mm / s, this would require a tempering unit 2 of at least about 1800 mm in length.
    The quenching unit 2 is typically provided with horizontal rolls 5 and cooling air housings 3 above and below the rolls, as shown in Figure 2. With the furnace 1 being an air support furnace, the rolls 5 or air support table with conveyor means are typically parallel to the direction of movement of the glass. The ice cooling air housings 3 are provided with blow openings 4 from which cooling air is discharged as jets towards the glass G. The blow openings 4 are typically circular holes and are typically arranged in series in rows, as in Figure 3. The blow openings 4 may also be of other shapes, e.g.
    At the beginning of the quench cooling unit 2, immediately after the furnace 1, there is a pre-cooling unit 8 in which pressurized air is blown towards the upper and / or lower surface of the glass sheet. The air pressure device 13 (Fig. 4) is, for example, a fan or a compressor. In a preferred embodiment, the air used for pre-cooling is pressurized with a compressed air compressor. The precooling unit 8 consists of preconditioning air housings 6 on either side of the glass sheet distributed in the width direction of the tempering line (= horizontal transverse direction of motion of the glass) to the pre-blowing zones 6.1-6.Ϊ. The pre-cooling air housings 6 typically have circular blow openings, and the blow openings in the various zones are preferably the same (same layout and diameter). Typical widths of one pre-blasting zone are 20 to 250 mm, and preferred widths are 30 to 130 mm. The length of the blowing area of the pre-cooling unit 8 in the direction of motion of the glass sheet is preferably one diameter of the nozzle opening, i.e. it consists of a single transverse row of nozzle openings for movement of the glass. Preferably, the pre-cooling unit 8 consists of 1-3 consecutive nozzle orifice rows, and typically 1-6 nozzle orifice rows or nozzle orifice rows, the length of which in the direction of motion of the glass is between one nozzle orifice diameter and 100 mm. Preferably, the said length is less than 50 mm. The distance between the lips in one row of nozzle orifices is typically less than 20 mm and preferably less than 10 mm. The distance (blow distance) between the blow opening and the surface of the glass in the pre-cooling unit is typically 5 to 60 mm, and preferably 10 to 40 mm. Preferably, the air jets discharged from the strips of the pre-cooling air housing strike the glass preferably in the normal direction of the glass surface, or at an angle of less than 10 degrees. The diameter of the blow opening in the pre-cooling air housings 6 is typically 0.5 to 3 mm, and preferably 0.8 to 1.6 mm. The blowing pressure in the pre-cooling unit is typically 0.5 to 10 bar, and preferably 2 to 5 bar. The pressure can be adjusted, for example, as the glass thickness changes. In a preferred embodiment, the blowing pressure is the same in all preheating zones of the precooler, and the blowing time of the different preheating zones is controlled by the pre-zone specific valves 7. In the preferred embodiment, the valves 7 are of two positions. The upstream and downstream pre-blast zones have their own valves 7. The blast pressure is controlled by a pressure control valve 14 in the air ducts prior to branching to the air zones.
    Figure 3 illustrates a sheet of glass moving to a pre-cooler unit 8 according to the invention. There may also be multiple glasses side by side, different sizes, and their leading edges may arrive at the pre-cooler unit at different times. Blowing into the glass entering the pre-cooling unit 8 begins slightly before the leading edge of the glass enters there. The blowing time within the pre-cooling zones 6.1-6.Ϊ of the pre-cooling unit 8 within the width of the glass depends on the estimated local end deflection in the glass sheet without pre-blowing and / or the end deflection measured from previous substantially identical glass sheets. Thus, it varies between the pre-blast zones 6.1-6.Ϊ. If the estimated end deflection in the band of glass sheet in the area of influence of the pre-blast zone is greater, then the blowing time is greater. Typically, in particular for a glass plate heated by an air-supported furnace, the blowing time in the center blast pre-blowing zone is shorter than in the glass blowing side blowing zone because it is common for end bends to be larger at the glass corners. It is also typical that the end deflections are larger at the front than at the rear of the glass sheet. Typically, therefore, the blowing time is greater for the front ends of the glass than for the rear ends.
    Figure 4 schematically illustrates devices associated with the control of the pre-cooling unit 8. With the method, it is necessary to obtain information on the position of the leading edges of the glass sheets in the control device 10 so that it opens the valves 7 from the pre-blowing zones 6.1-6.Ϊ at the appropriate time. The valves 7 are closed after the blowing time required to complete the pre-blowing distance. The control device 10 also needs information about the position of the rear edges of the glass sheets in order to properly pre-blow the rear end of the glass. There is also a need for information to correctly locate the movement end lanes of the glass sheet in which the predetermined local end deflection or measured from previous substantially similar glass sheets is correctly positioned in the transverse direction with respect to the pre-blast zones 6.1-6.i. Apparatus for such positioning of the glass, that is, for automatically determining and feeding the size and position information of the glass sheets to the control device 10, during tempering, are already well known. However, there are significant differences in accuracy between different hardware solutions. In Figure 4, arrow 9 illustrates the information required for positioning the glass provided by the automatic glass positioning apparatus. The glass plate dimensions data can also be manually entered by the keyboard 11 to the control unit 10. Such a manual solution is only relevant mainly in production, which continuously (in long series) temper similar glass sheets and one glass sheet at a time.
    Suitable blowing lengths and blowing pressure for straightening the estimated endplates of the glass sheet are manually entered by the keyboard 11 into the control device 10. The control device 10 is speeded up by the provision of a wide selection of recipes for end blowing. The control device 10 may also select the recipe most suitable for the size, type and thickness of the glass from the menus itself, or form it based on the equations provided and the dimensions of the glass. It is advantageous for the method that the deflections of the tempered glass plate ends are measured e.g. with an automatic deflection measuring device 12 located immediately after the quenching unit 2 or after the final cooling unit which supplies data to the control device 10. The control device 10 controls the valves 7 and the pressure control valve. Thus, the zone-specific blowing times of the pre-blast zones are automatically adjusted based on the measurement data of the previous similar glass end deflections. The operation of the measuring device 12 is based, for example, on a change in direction of the laser beam reflected from the glass or a distortion of the pattern due to the end deflection. Devices such as measuring device 12 for rapid measurement of glass sheet end deflection exist but are not yet used for automatic up-regulation of glass end deflection. The air required for pre-blasting is routed to both sides of the glass, for example, by means of two separate air supply ducts from the air pressure device 13. The air supply can also be branched to different sides of the glass even after the pressure control valve 14, for example by means of an auxiliary valve which directs air only to the desired glass side.
    Figure 5 shows an example of the measured local end deflections of glass (numbers at the ends of the glass sheet, unit in mm) and relative blowing lengths to reduce the measured local end deflections of the glass. The direction of the end-of-image heads is downward, i.e. toward the lower pre-cooling air housings. The control system for detecting the position and velocity of the leading edge of the glass initiates and stops pre-blowing into the front end zone of the glass such that it blows the top surface of the glass at tn = Sh / W, which begins to wear when the leading edge Above, W is the glass transfer rate, and Sh is the pre-blowing distance given to the control system, determined based on empirical information and / or information measured by the control system from the previous glass. Also, infinite reduction of the rear end of the glass by pre-blowing is possible if the control system detects the position of the rear edge of the glass based on, for example, the position of the leading edge and length of glass (i.e. a device measuring glass length or otherwise specified glass length information for control system). Thereby, the pre-cooling unit pre-blowing zone blows into the glass a time tR, = Sr, / W, which begins to run as the rear edge of the glass approaches a distance Sr, from the beginning of the pre-cooling unit blowing area. The pre-cooling zones of the pre-cooling unit located across the glassless width in the transverse direction of the glass loading movement do not blow at all. The pre-blasting distance in the pre-blasting zone to the glass end is preferably at its longest (to the point of the glass having the greatest end deflection) a predetermined zone-specific length, i.e. 30 to 200 mm. Typically, the pre-blast distance in the pre-blast zone to the glass end is 0-300mm. Thus, at the above typical transfer rate (300-800 mm / s), the blowing time at the end of the glass is 0 -1 s.
    Fig. 6 is an example of various blowing patterns which can be formed on a glass sheet by the invention. In the blowing pattern a, the pre-blowing only touches the angles of the glass, i.e. the ends of the middle bands of the glass are not pre-cooled at all. In the blow pattern b, only the front end of the glass, and in figure c only the rear end of the glass is pre-cooled. In the blow pattern 6, the pre-cooling pattern d covers not only the ends but also the side edge strips of the glass. Such a blowing pattern is possible in the case of the aforementioned coated glass quality. The blowing patterns a-d of Figure 6 may be formed on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the glass. Typically, the pre-blast in the pre-blast zone is directed to the opposite surface of the glass with respect to the direction of the assumed end deflection. That is, for example, to the upper surface when the direction of the assumed end deflection in the glass sheet is downwards, i.e. towards the lower pre-cooling air housings. Typically, the pre-blast in the blast zone is applied to only one surface of the glass sheet. The pre-blast in the blast zone may also be applied to both surfaces of the glass sheet, and the pre-blast may be more intense on the first surface than the second (e.g. glass semi-pressure control valves). Pre-blowing may be applied to some of the blowing zones on the top surface of the glass and on some to the lower surface of the glass, for example, if the estimated end deflections at the glass points are different.
    Preferred or alternative embodiments of the invention not mentioned above which apply, mutatis mutandis, to all of the above-described embodiments will now be described.
    The pre-blowing glass end need not be continuous but can be interrupted and restarted (pulsed). Preferably, the pre-blowing edge of the glass sheet edge starts again earlier than the middle sheet glass sheet. Typically, pre-blasting in the center lane is completely stopped when the pre-blasting distance is filled, and at least its intensity is substantially reduced so that the region of the pre-blowing distance at the glass end has a significantly stronger cooling effect than outside. Typically, the pre-blast distance is longer in the edge band of the glass rear end than in the center band of the glass rear end. Thus, at the end of the pre-blowing of the glass front end, the pre-blowing edge strip of the glass sheet rear end typically begins earlier than the central band of the glass sheet rear end.
    The cooling power required for tempering (unit W / m2) varies greatly depending on the thickness of the glass pane and the degree of tempering desired. For this reason, the invention contemplates the relative cooling efficiencies in different regions of the quench cooling unit. Therefore, since they are not absolute but relative cooling powers, it is equally possible to speak of the cooling effects in different areas of the glass sheet. Thus, when referring to cooling power, cooling efficiency and cooling effect are also meant. The heat transfer coefficient is obtained by dividing the cooling power by the temperature difference between the glass and the air. For the formation of tempering stresses on the glass sheet, it is preferable that the glass sheet after heating prior to the actual tempering cooling is not significantly pre-cooled with a weaker cooling effect. Thus, it is preferred that the cooling effect provided by the pre-blast in the hit area of the pre-blast jets on the surface of the glass sheet is at least as great as after the pre-blast area in the actual quench cooling. The cooling effect of the blowing jets at a certain vertical blowing distance is greatest when the direction of the blowing jets is parallel to the normal surface of the glass. In this disclosure, the longitudinal direction of the quench unit or the glass sheet is the direction parallel to the movement of the glass sheet. The start of the pre-cooling unit is that part of the pre-cooling unit where the glass sheet first enters. The width direction of the glass sheet or the pre-cooling unit is transverse to the direction of motion of the glass sheet. Above, the center band of the glass sheet refers to the middle of the glass sheet in the direction of movement and the edge band to the portion of the lateral edge of the glass sheet in the direction of movement. The front edge of a sheet of glass refers to the area of movement of the glass of defined length starting from the front of the glass. The rear end of a sheet of glass refers to the area of movement of the glass of defined length starting from the rear of the glass.
    The above and the claims have used e.g. the words pre-blast, pre-blast-zone and pre-blast. The words are abbreviated versions of the words pre-cooling blast, pre-cooling blast zone and pre-cooling blasting distance. Thus, the abbreviated words also refer to the cooling of the glass.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. A method of heat-reinforcing or tempering glass sheets by heating the glass sheet to a tempering temperature and performing the actual tempering cooling by blowing cooling air at a desired transfer rate (W) on both surfaces of the glass slide moving with pressurized air to reduce the front and / or rear end deflection of the glass sheet, characterized in that the duration (tn, t ^) of pre-blowing the glass sheet at the front and / or rear end is adjusted locally in transverse direction by at least three pre-blowing zones from the leading edge towards the rear edge of the glass sheet, (Sh = Wtn), and / or from the rear edge of the glass sheet toward the leading edge of the glass sheet (Sr, = WtRi) varies between the pre-blowing zones and depends on the estimated local end deflections in the glass sheet without pre-blowing and / or end deflections measured from previous substantially identical glass panes.
    [2]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pre-blasting in the central strip blowing pre-blowing zone takes less time than in the glass sheet peripheral blowing pre-blowing zone.
    [3]
    Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the glass sheet has a length of at least 800 mm and the pre-blowing distance is greater than 10 mm and less than 300 mm in the center band of the glass sheet.
    [4]
    Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the pre-blasting in the center lane is completely stopped when the pre-blasting distance is filled.
    [5]
    Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pre-blowing edge strip of the rear end of the glass sheet starts again earlier than the middle strip of the sheet of glass.
    [6]
    Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pre-blasting of the edge of the glass sheet edge extends over the entire length of the glass sheet.
    [7]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the duration of the pre-blowing of the glass sheet is adjusted locally in the transverse direction of movement of the glass by at least five pre-blowing zones.
    [8]
    A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the width of one of the pre-blasting zones is 30 to 130mm.
    [9]
    The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling effect of the pre-blasting in the hit area of the blasting jets on the surface of the glass sheet is at least as great as after the pre-blasting area in the actual quenching.
    [10]
    Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that in the pre-blast the blowing pressure is 2-5 bar and the blowing distance from the blowing opening to the glass is 10-40 mm.
    [11]
    A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the tempered glass sheet ends is measured on-line by an automatic measuring device, and the zone-specific blowing times of the pre-blowing zones are automatically adjusted based on this measurement information.
    [12]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that there is at least one track between the end of the pre-blast and the start of the quench cooling blast.
    [13]
    A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-blowing zone is directed towards the upper surface of the glass when the presumed end deflection direction in the glass sheet is towards the lower pre-cooling air housings and .
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    EP18824578.1A| EP3645473B1|2017-06-27|2018-06-13|Method for tempering glass sheets|
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