• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Process of dehumidification of granza of polymers for injection and plastic extrusion. Solution of reduction and elimination of humidity in the pellets of plastic by absorption and condensation with saving of energetic consumption and simplification of the process of traditional manufacture by means of the employment of the efficiency of the wavelength of infrared by means of stages: 1st Phase of feeding by means of a dosing tank, with or without vibrator, and with or without thermal insulation; a 2nd phase of distribution through a leveling and distributor of pellets, a conveyor belt and a motor-vibrator on conveyor belt of material; a 3rd Phase of dehumidification by one or more infrared wave emitters in parallel, a ventilation or cooling motor for the set of emitters, an air recirculation duct for the set of emitters, an inlet temperature probe, a temperature probe of exit and a humidity control probe; and finally, a 4th phase of dehumidifying material output by a thermally-insulated material reception tank. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2684047A1
    申请号:ES201730269
    申请日:2017-02-28
    公开日:2018-10-01
    发明作者:Amparo ENGUIDANOS CASTILLO
    申请人:Xilex Dev S L；Xilex Development sL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PROCEDURE FOR DEHUMECTATION OF GRAIN POLYMERS FOR INJECTION AND PLASTIC EXTRUSION
     5
    Technical sector
     The procedure of dehumidification of polymer pellets for injection and plastic extrusion is used within the processes of manufacturing plastic parts from polymer pellets, either virgin or recycled 10 of all kinds of resins (PP, PE, PA, PMMA , PC, PET, etc ...), being the object of the present invention.
    Prior art 15
     The many and varied types of resins that are used on a daily basis in the modern plastic industry demand a deep understanding of different drying technologies, to remove moisture from plastic granules at exactly the required level.
    According to the general characteristics of water absorption, the polymers are divided into Hygroscopic (absorb water) and Non-Hygroscopic.
     25
    In order to achieve high product quality and thus reduce rejects, improve productivity, and closely control production costs, it is vital that processors have the option of being able to process material online without this suppose one more phase in the process.
     30
    The existing technologies are all based on the use of "dry air" and although they solve the problem of pellet drying, they work discontinuously or in blocks and therefore limit the production process in their injection or extrusion, with complicated installations in the transfer of this material. 35
    Said technologies work in periods of hours (2-6h) versus minutes and / or seconds than those of the invention.
    The drying systems used are:
     5
    to). -Internal and Hygroscopic Dries:
    Vacuum drying. It is suitable for drying heat sensitive materials with crystallization capacity. The great benefit of this type of dryer is that it has a very short cycle time compared to other available options. They work in batches, so that, if the main criterion is 10, increase productivity on a batch basis, and not continuously. They require a high initial investment, and vacuum seals are susceptible to contamination by dust particles.
    Its energy consumption per 1 kg of PC = 61 W-h / Kg and Estimated drying time 15 = 1 hour.
    Infrared dryers. This relatively new technology differs from hot air drying - described below - only in the nature of heat generation. Infrared dryers make efficient use of 20 energy, keep dust levels low and require a short residence time. Infrared drying crystallizes PET. The surface of the bulk material heats up quickly, but it is not easy to maintain temperature control throughout the mass of the material. Infrared dryers have proven to be very effective on some non-plastic materials, such as coffee and wood. However, the technology in our industry is not fully tested, and dryers of this type still represent a high investment, in addition to requiring intensive maintenance.
    Your energy consumption per 1 kg of PC = unknown and Estimated drying time = 3 hours
    b). - Surface Dries:
    Hot air heaters. Hot air drying technology has been extensively tested in the industry to remove surface moisture from granules. Although not suitable for hygroscopic applications, hot air dryers are occasionally used for low hygroscopic materials in processing applications not susceptible to this effect. 5 In addition, they serve to preheat the material in order to increase the performance and quality of the production processes.
    Its energy consumption per 1 kg of PC = 58 W-h / Kg and Estimated drying time = 4 hours 10
    Desiccant dryers. These dryers adapt to all materials, so that even if the production schedule changes, the equipment can still be operated. There are various types of units, from centralized systems to mobile units to be installed next to the press. Desiccant dryers use air in a closed cycle directed toward the dehumidifier and through the material in the drying chamber.
    Its energy consumption per 1 kg of PC = 64 W-h / Kg and Estimated drying time = 2.5 hours 20
    Compressed air dryers. These dryers take compressed air from the plant supply line, and expand it at atmospheric pressure. This generates process air with a very low dew point that is then heated to the required ambient temperature. Desiccant is not required. The 25 modern units incorporate all the safety factors one would expect, including a thermostat and a low air flow switch, to prevent material overheating. But, and this is important, compressed air is the most expensive supply in any plant. So unless the flow of material to be dried is low, this is not a profitable option. 30
    Its energy consumption per 1 kg of PC = 261 W-h / Kg and Estimated drying time = 3 hours
    Technical problem 5
    In the process of reducing and eliminating moisture in plastic pellets, there are several problems that we can address thanks to the innovation of this patent.
     10
    Centralized installations are characterized by their complexity in assembly, with large tanks having autonomies of up to 6 hours of drying to be installed in order to guarantee the stable production of the plants. This implies having to use, on the one hand, heating systems in said silos to keep the temperature as stable as possible and, on the other hand, to use air desiccators to recirculate dry air to said silos to dry the pellets. This process can last between 3-6 hours with all the problems of transferring materials and complexity in the organization of production.
     twenty
    In individual installations, although the transfer of material is less, the problem of drying hours is the same as in centralized installations, being a synchronization of injection or extrusion a problem of time organization.
     25
    In both cases, and according to the Hygroscopy of the pellet, we can have problems of absorption of humidity and condensations that harm the production, appearing defects known as Slay or Silver Stripes in the injected pieces. Hydrolysis may appear in some materials, affecting their mechanical characteristics. They usually solve it by installing 30 pre-heated tanks at the mouth of the injection and extrusion machine to keep the process stable or even assemble several equipment in series to give it even more drying time, but it is difficult to solve.
    Another problem is that due to the friction of dry and hot air in the silos and in the pellets, the static electricity appears in the materials having many problems of polarities, and their consequent imperfections.
     5
    The solution of the processes of humidity suppression of the pellet is based on the treatment of humid to dry air and providing temperature, for hours (3-6 hours), mounting complex tank systems, 10 air desiccators, temperature heaters, installation of conduits for transferring material, moving large volumes of pellets to ensure production.
      fifteen
    Technical solution
     The behavior of these materials by themselves depend on the absorption of water, which will be more or less rapid depending on their hygroscopy, 20 but when we work with radiation, depending on the wavelengths, effects are added to take into account due to vibration. They produce molecular since a wrong wavelength can damage the material (stress), and just as water is absorbed into the material, it also has to escape from within without damaging the polymer. 25
     With a study and tests carried out on polymers, a technical solution is obtained that allows the reduction and elimination of humidity with the consequent advantages, through a drying system, which in addition to dehumidifying, tempers and heats the polymer pellets for use in 30 injection and extrusion and blowing without the need to use complex systems or excessive transfer of material in a way that greatly simplifies its processing, converting hours into a few minutes.
              After the tests carried out, it is determined that the Hygroscopic and Non-Hygroscopic materials have the ability to absorb and / or expel moisture, but with the effects of radiation they have a different behavior for which we subdivide them into:
     5
    -Hygroscopic Materials: They are polar materials, therefore, they have an ease of attracting water and also radiation; but the polymers of mixtures type PPE and HIPS are only slightly polar, therefore, the proportion of humidity depends on the chemical composition of the polymer and its polarity, absorbing 0.07% humidity; ABS, SAN, ACRILIC, PPE / HIPS, 10 PPS, POM, PVC materials are considered hygroscopic materials. They are materials to dry around 0.05-0.1% and usually give aesthetic problems on the surface.
    But there are highly polar polymers like Nylon that take their 15 saturation point of water at 8-9% humidity, which absorbs 100 times more than PPE / HIPS type hygroscopic compounds. To these compounds; nylon, PET polyester, PC polycarbonate, PBT polyester, PLA, PEI, PAI, we classify them as highly hygroscopic. They are materials to dry below 0.02% and give structural problems (hydrolysis 20 occurs, damaging its structure).
    -Non-hygroscopic materials: they are "non-polar" materials, therefore they do not attract water. Families of polyolefin-type polymers such as Polyethylene and Polypropylene do not need to dehumidify the material, but rather heat. There are 25 materials that absorb water in the order of 0.01% moisture on their surface. Materials type PE, PP, Polyester, Butadiene-styrene copolymer, polymethylpentene, are non-hygroscopic materials.
    But according to the behavior of the polymer with wavelength 30 (radiation) a material appears that is hydrophobic. It does not absorb water and it is not polar, therefore, before radiation, we call it Amorphous. These materials are only heated for the specific application but we do not dehumidify.
    This innovation is based on the effect produced by the different specific wavelengths within the visible and invisible infrared spectrum with ranges (in micrometers) from 0.9 to 3.2 µm that produce a specific molecular vibration of water in a way that optimizes to the maximum its evaporation both internally and superficially according to the density of the pellet materials.
    In a body, said radiation emission propagates thanks to two phenomena: An Absorption phenomenon turning into heat (when wavelength 10 is greater, the absorption is greater); and another, a Penetration phenomenon that will be greater when the wavelength is shorter.
    The use of the different TYPES of wavelengths to obtain the best drying Efficiency according to the hygroscopic characteristics 15 of the polymers to carry out different types of drying will be called "Wavelength efficiency"
    To obtain the highest wavelength efficiency we will have the following types: 20
    -TYPE 1: Wavelength between 2-3.2 µm for materials considered highly hygroscopic.
    -TYPE 2: Wavelength between 1.6-2.0 µm for hygroscopic materials.
    -TYPE 3: Wavelength between 1.4-1.6 µm for non-hygroscopic materials.
    -TYPE 4: Wavelength between 0.9-1.4 µm for amorphous materials. 25
    .
     30
    Advantageous effects
    This invention has two great advantages, one functional and the other environmental. The first, for functional purposes with the use of a drying for the optimal conditioning or pre-treatment of the plastic pellets to eliminate residues of damp that cause imperfections or alterations in the configuration process - injection, extrusion, and blowing - of the pieces .
     5
    At the functional and operational level,
    - No preparation times are used - JUST IN TIME production system
    - Do not occupy spaces unnecessarily
    - There is no transfer of material to be treated, so there is a 10 simplification of processes
    - Repeatability and operating parameters are guaranteed
    - Dehydration and surface and internal tempering of the material are allowed
    - Production scheduling is allowed without relying on dehumidification.
    - There is the possibility of using individual or centralized dehumidification equipment according to needs.
    - It is easy to implement both in new installations and in installations already in operation. twenty
    And the second advantage resides in the reduction of energy and electrical powers consumed by conventional and known drying systems for pre-treatment. 25
    - It has a minimum energy consumption. SAVINGS> 95% in dehydration and tempering processes (only consumes when powered)
    - It is estimated a saving of 15-20% of consumption in injectors when introducing the material into them at a higher temperature
    Using the following examples of comparative hygroscopic tests carried out, the following solutions of drying times in Table 1 are solved:
    Table 1: Comparison of drying systems
     SYSTEM  ENERGY CONSUMPTION (W / hKg) DEW POINT DRYING TIME (hr.)
     Hot air dryers  58 environment 4
     Hot air dryers with energy recovery  47 atmosphere 4
     Compressed air dryers  261 -20ºC 3
     Vacuum dryers  61 -40ºC 1
     Infrared dryers  - atmosphere 3
     Desiccant dryers  64 -40ºC 2,5
     Dryers of the presented invention  10 ambient 0.03 (2min.)
     5
    According to the comparison in Table 1, with the technology we obtain energy consumption values of the order of 10 W / hKgr with drying times of 0.03 hours (2min.) Versus the range of 61-261 W / hKgr and 1 -4 hours from conventional systems.
     10
    Mode of carrying out the invention
    The procedure of dehumidification of polymer pellets for injection and plastic extrusion is based on the wavelength efficiency of the 15 infrared spectrum according to the materials to be treated, of four types:
    - TYPE 1: Wavelength between 2-3.2 µm for materials considered highly hygroscopic
    -TYPE 2: Wavelength between 1.6-2.0 µm for 20 hygroscopic materials
    -TYPE 3: Wavelength between 1.4-1.6 µm for non-hygroscopic materials.
    -TYPE 4: Wavelength between 0.9-1.4 µm for amorphous materials
    Said types are distributed in one or more wavelength emitters 5 in parallel, and combined or not within the same set, depending on the hygroscopy of the product to be treated, by means of a procedure of successive phases with the provision of the following means technicians:
    1.- A dosing tank, with or without a vibrator and with or without thermal insulation.
    2.- A leveler and pellet distributor
    3.-One or more infrared wave emitters arranged in parallel wavelength with the best Efficiency (type 1 to type 4)
    4.-A ventilation or cooling motor for set of emitters 15
    5.-An air recirculation duct for a set of emitters
    6.- An inlet temperature probe
    7.-An outlet temperature probe
    8.- A humidity control probe
    9.- A transport belt 20
    10.- A vibrating motor on a material transport belt
    11.- A material receiving tank with thermal insulation
    A 1st feeding phase is carried out by means of a dosing tank, with or without a vibrator and with or without thermal insulation (1). A 2nd phase of distribution is carried out through a leveler and pellet distributor (2), a conveyor belt (9) and a vibrating motor on material conveyor belt (10); A 3rd phase of dehumidification is carried out by one or more parallel infrared wave emitters (3), a ventilation or cooling motor for the set of emitters (4), a recirculation duct of 30 air for the set of emitters ( 5), an inlet temperature probe (6), an outlet temperature probe (7) and a humidity control probe (8); and finally, a 4th phase of dehumidified material output by a thermally insulated material receiving tank (11).
    Regarding the typology of the relationship between the wavelength efficiency and the materials to be treated previously exposed, we can deduce the use of the following wavelengths in one or more infrared wave emitters in parallel, according to the tests practiced privates: A wavelength between 2-3.2 µm for materials considered highly hygroscopic (TYPE 1); a wavelength between 1.6-2.0 µm for hygroscopic materials (TYPE 2); a wavelength between 1.4-1.6 µm for non-hygroscopic materials (TYPE 3); and a wavelength between 0.9-1.4 µm for amorphous materials (TYPE 4).
    .
    Optionally, a suction pump can be used in an auxiliary way in the dosing tank, and a cleaning brush system on the conveyor belt.  twenty
     25
     30
     35
     40
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]


     5
    1.- Dehumidification procedure of polymer pellets for
    plastic injection and extrusion characterized in that it comprises a 1st feeding phase through a dosing tank, with or without a vibrator, and with or without thermal insulation; a 2nd Phase of distribution through a Leveler and pellet distributor, a conveyor belt and a motor-vibrator on conveyor belt 10 for material transport; A 3rd phase of dehumidification by one or more infrared wave emitters in parallel, a ventilation or cooling motor for a set of emitters, an air recirculation duct for a set of emitters, an inlet temperature probe, a temperature probe outlet and a humidity control probe; and finally, A 15 4th Phase of dehumidified material exit by a material receiving tank with thermal insulation.

    [2]
    2. Procedure for dehumidifying polymer pellets for injection and plastic extrusion for materials considered highly hygroscopic according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more infrared wave emitters with a wavelength between 2-3.2 µm.

    [3]
    3. Dehumidification procedure for polymer pellets for injection and plastic extrusion for materials considered hygroscopic according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more infrared wave emitters with a wavelength between 1.6-2.0 µm .
     30
    [4]
    4.- Dehumidification procedure of polymer pellets for
    plastic injection and extrusion for materials considered non-hygroscopic according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more infrared wave emitters with a wavelength between 1.4-1.6 µm.

    [5]
    5.- Dehumidification procedure of polymer pellets for
    plastic injection and extrusion for materials considered according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more infrared wave emitters with a wavelength between 0.9-1.4 µ. 5

    [6]
    6.- Dehumidification procedure of polymer pellets for
    plastic injection and extrusion according to Claim 1, characterized in that an aspiration pump can be used in an auxiliary way in the dosing tank 10

    [7]
    7.- Dehumidification procedure of polymer pellets for
    plastic injection and extrusion according to Claim 1, characterized in that an auxiliary cleaning brush system can be used on the conveyor belt. fifteen


     twenty
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20210316482A1|2021-10-14|
    ES2684047B1|2019-07-05|
    CN110382984B|2021-07-20|
    CN110382984A|2019-10-25|
    EP3591323A4|2020-12-09|
    MA47698A|2020-01-08|
    WO2018158481A1|2018-09-07|
    EP3591323A1|2020-01-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2474952A|1944-09-30|1949-07-05|William J Miskella|Apparatus for heating and drying granular material in a continuously flowing stream|
    GB631790A|1947-12-18|1949-11-09|James Arthur Reavell|Improvements in or relating to infra-red radiant heating apparatus|
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    EP2649391B8|2010-12-10|2017-05-31|Columbia PhytoTechnology LLC|Drying apparatus and methods|
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    ES2558503B1|2014-07-04|2016-12-09|Das Tech Solutions, S.L.U.|DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR DRYING PRODUCTS|
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201730269A|ES2684047B1|2017-02-28|2017-02-28|POLYMER GRANZA DEHUMECTATION PROCEDURE FOR PLASTIC INJECTION AND EXTRUSION|ES201730269A| ES2684047B1|2017-02-28|2017-02-28|POLYMER GRANZA DEHUMECTATION PROCEDURE FOR PLASTIC INJECTION AND EXTRUSION|
    CN201880014314.3A| CN110382984B|2017-02-28|2018-02-28|Process for removing moisture from polymer pellets for injection molding and extrusion|
    MA047698A| MA47698A|2017-02-28|2018-02-28|DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESS OF POLYMER PELLETS FOR INJECTION AND PLASTIC EXTRUSION|
    US16/491,134| US11273577B2|2017-02-28|2018-02-28|Method for removing moisture from polymer pellets for plastic injection and extrusion|
    PCT/ES2018/070146| WO2018158481A1|2017-02-28|2018-02-28|Method for removing moisture from polymer pellets for plastic injection and extrusion|
    EP18761903.6A| EP3591323A4|2017-02-28|2018-02-28|Method for removing moisture from polymer pellets for plastic injection and extrusion|
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