• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a test device for wind towers and foundations, formed by a control programme and its corresponding sensors (11), a static mass (3, 3') secured to the upper flange of any tower (1) and a driver (4, 4') that moves a small mass at a variable frequency, achieving the validation in full-scale conditions of the tower (1) and the foundations (2), including the verifications in boundary and load conditions of all the construction details forming same, the optimisation of the designs based on the application of validation tests that are more accurate than the usual standardised calculations, and the testing of actual towers that have had problems for the purpose of detecting the type of fault in a controlled manner.
    公开号:ES2682966A1
    申请号:ES201890047
    申请日:2016-02-18
    公开日:2018-09-24
    发明作者:Eneko Sanz Pascual；Hely Ricardo SAVII COSTA；Ion Arocena De La Rua
    申请人:Nabrawind Technologies SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Test device for towers and wind foundations
    Field of the invention
    The present invention is encompassed within the field of wind turbines and more specifically in a fatigue test for towers and foundations, based on the replacement of the wind turbine gondola with a test device that employs a static mass anchored to the upper flange of the tower and a moving mass that oscillates on the set at the first resonant frequency of the set.
    Background of the invention
    Wind towers are a key component of the wind turbine, since they determine the height of the rotor and therefore the available wind resource, which grows with height.
    The metal tubular towers have established themselves as the reference design for hub heights between 40m and 100m, and the extensive operational experience in service has allowed the consolidation of safe design techniques for this tower technology.
    However, above 120m there is no consolidated topology of towers. Tubular towers of various configurations in concrete and / or steel as well as lattice towers are being developed to solve the significant problems associated with the development of structures of such great heights. These technologies add to the complication of the design, the lack of operational experience to emphatically support the design techniques.
    On the other hand, unlike other wind components such as shovels, there is no tradition of intense experimental characterization in the development of towers. All design references can be found in industrial and civil regulations without the need for additional experimental characterization.
    All this causes that the developments of towers of innovative technologies usually pass from the paper design to the manufacture of the first units, which increases the risk that specific failure modes of the technology may appear
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    in the first pre-series, affecting the functionality of the wind turbine. To try to avoid these problems, we usually work with very wide safety factors, which end up affecting the recurring cost of the tower.
    There are not many references of wind tower tests. Within the DeppCWind project, the University of Maine and other partners have developed a composite tower of which a static flexural test was carried out in a shovel test bench. http://composites.umaine.edu/our-research/offshore- wind / deepcwind-consortium /
    In US20040107671 a realization is described to detect the deformation of a lattice tower by using laser beams and their corresponding receivers.
    But in no way, the current state of the art allows the validation in conditions of full scale of the tower, including verifications in boundary conditions and loading of all the constructive details that form it, nor the optimization of tower designs in based on the application of validation tests more precise than the usual standardized calculations, nor allow the testing of real towers that have presented problems in order to detect the failure mode in a controlled manner. Hence the need for a test device as described in the present invention.
    Description of the invention
    It is an object of the invention the use of a tower and its corresponding foundation as a test tube for the realization of a fatigue test on a real scale. To achieve this, the gondola and the rotor are replaced by a static mass on which an exciter is installed capable of moving another mass of small size at a variable frequency. The alternating movement of the static head mass generates inertial shear loads that cause a bending moment along the tower. The appropriate selection of the value of the test frequency and the weight of the mass make it possible to adjust the load distribution to the design loads of the tower, equivalent to those expected in operation.
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    It is another object of the invention to design the static mass of the tower head so that its center of gravity is not centered on the axis of the tower. Thus, the test will have an average bending load that can be used to take into account the non-oscillating loads of the design spectrum.
    It is another object of the invention to insert a tower extension between the tower and the tower head mass to better simulate the distribution of bending moments. In this way the moment applied in this area is increased and a better adjustment can be achieved with the design loads.
    It is another object of the invention to employ a series of masses fixed along the tower that improve the fit between the design loads and the loads tested contributing with their inertia to the distribution of the bending moment in the tower.
    It is another object of the invention to place on the tower head a static mass of controlled polar inertia, centered with respect to the axis of the tower and at one of its ends, away from the axis of the tower, an exciter positioned orthogonally to the diameter of the the tower that operates close to the torsional frequency of the set formed by the tower, the mass and the exciter. With this arrangement the assembly can be resonated to induce the design torque in the tower.
    It is another object of the invention to combine the flexion and torsion excitators, achieving the realization of a combined flexion and torsion load test.
    It is another object of the invention to perform the calibration of test loads by means of a cable anchored to the tower head and operated from a point of shooting on the ground, using or not a beam placed on the tower head to facilitate shooting.
    Finally, it is another object of the invention to reduce the diameter of the tower to be tested against the diameter of the real tower to reduce the test loads applied without modifying the tensions at the main points of the tower.
    Brief description of the drawings
    A series of drawings will be described very briefly below.
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    They help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example of this.
    Figure 1 is a view of a complete wind turbine with tower and foundation.
    Figures 2a and 2b are views in plan and profile of the foundation and the tower with a static mass and a mobile mass arranged in its upper part.
    Figure 3a is a view of the tower with deformation sensors and accelerometers installed
    Figure 3b is a tower visa with masses fixed along the tower.
    Figure 4 is an embodiment on the cable and winch used to apply a controlled load on the tower and the foundation.
    Figure 5 is another embodiment of the previous figure where a rigid arm is added.
    Figure 6 is another view of the tower with the static mass with the center of gravity outside the axis of the tower.
    Figure 7 is a tower with an additional tower extension.
    Figures 8a and 8b are both plan and profile views of the tower with a centered static mass and a moving mass arranged outside the axis of the tower.
    Detailed description of the invention
    As shown in Figure 1, a conventional wind turbine is formed by a tower (1) assembled on a foundation (2). Both elements are affected by the system's own frequencies determined primarily by the weight of the rotor (9), the blades (10) and the gondola (11) and the rigidity of the tower (1). With the usual weight at the head of the tower, the frequency drops excessively and cannot be tested, since a test of these characteristics would be lengthened excessively over time. Without any weight, the frequency would be too fast for a control
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    adequate test. For this reason, the mass placed will be a fraction of the tower head weight of a conventional wind turbine, achieving an appropriate test frequency for the test.
    In figures 2a and 2b the rotor (9), the blades (10) and the gondola (11) are replaced by a mass (3) of controlled weight. An exciter (4) is installed on this mass (3), consisting of equipment capable of moving another mass of small size to a variable frequency. The exciter (4) is formed, for example, by a motor that moves an eccentric mass or a cylinder that moves the acting mass horizontally. The plane of motion of the mass will preferably be contained in a diametral plane of the tower (1) that passes through its center.
    By making the exciter (4) functional at a speed close to the first frequency of the system formed by the tower (1), the mass (3) and the exciter (4), the assembly will begin to vibrate according to the first proper mode, with a sinusoidal movement of the system. The alternating movement of the head mass (3) generates inertial shear loads that cause a bending moment along the tower. The appropriate selection of the value of the test frequency and the weight of the mass (3) allows adjusting the load distribution to the design loads of the tower (1) and the foundation (2), equivalent to those expected in operation .
    For the test of a tower (1) of 100-160m, a mass (3) of a weight close to 50T is used, obtaining a test frequency of 0.5-1Hz where, with an amplitude of oscillation of the head from 0.1-0.2m tower a shear load of an amplitude of 200-400kN is induced. The exciter (4, 4 ') will move a mass of 50100kg in a 300-600mm stroke.
    As shown in figure 3a, the tower test (1) and foundation (2) begins with the assembly of the tower head mass (3) and installation of the exciter (4). Once the assembly is completed, the instrumentation of the specimen and the rest of the test system is carried out by placing deformation sensors (11), such as strain gauges, and placing accelerometers (10) along the tower (1) and the foundation (2).
    As shown in Figure 3b, if the distribution of moments obtained does not fit
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    correctly to the target distribution, intermediate masses (6) fixed along the tower can be used to change the frequency and distribution of test loads.
    In Figure 4 the calibration is carried out, applying a load controlled by a cable (13) and a load application means (12), such as a winch. During the calibration, the measurements of the deformation sensors (11) are recorded, whose signal post-processed by the corresponding control program subsequently allows the calculation of the loads applied during the test. To simplify the way in which the load is applied and improve the accuracy of the measurement, a rigid arm (14) can be used to which the load is applied by means of the cable (13) in a position close to the vertical, as it is shown in figure 5.
    Once the calibration is completed, the cable (13) is disconnected and the exciter (4, 4 ’) is activated, increasing its frequency until it reaches a value close to the frequency of the mode of the system to be excited. At that time the structure begins to vibrate in a cyclical and controlled way at the frequency of the exciter. The final load adjustment is made by observing the measurements of the strain sensors (11), from which the exact load applied is deduced using the data obtained during the calibration of the test. By combining the flexion (4) and torsion (4 ’) drivers, a combined flexion and torsion load test can be achieved.
    A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 6 where the tower head mass (3 ’) is designed so that its center of gravity is not centered on the axis of the tower (1). In this way, the test will have an average load of flexion that can be used to take into account the non-oscillating loads of the design spectrum.
    In another practical embodiment shown in Figure 7, to better simulate the distribution of bending moments at the tower head, a tower extension (5) is inserted between the tower (1) and the tower head mass (3). This increases the time applied in the test in this area and a better fit can be achieved with the design loads.
    In Figures 8a and 8b another variant of the test is shown that places at the head of
    tower a static mass (3) of polar inertia controlled with respect to the axis of the tower (1) and at one of its ends, away from the axis of the tower, an exciter (4 ') placed orthogonally to the diameter of the tower that operate close to the torsional frequency of the set formed by the tower (1), the mass (3) and the exciter (4 '). With this 5 arrangement the set can be resonated to induce the torsor moment of
    Design in the tower.
    Finally, the test can be adapted to the actual load application capabilities by reducing the diameter of the tower to be tested against the diameter of the real tower. This technique allows to reduce the applied test loads without modifying the tensions at the main points of the tower (welded or screwed joints, for example). This technique is especially useful in lattice towers, as it allows the tower columns to be brought closer together, without modifying their design or connections, and achieving a test design in which the axial load transmitted by the columns is equivalent to the real one but with a moment applied in the test less than the real one.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1- Test device for towers and wind foundations that is applied on a tower without gondola, characterized by achieving a combined torsion and flexural load test and for having:
    - a static mass (3, 3 ’) anchored in the top flange of a tower (1),
    - an exciter (4, 4 ’) that moves a small size mass at a variable frequency,
    - deformation sensors (11) and accelerometers (10) distributed by the tower (1) and the foundation (2) commanded by a control program, and
    - a load calibration system.
    2- Test device according to claim 1, wherein a tower extension (5) is sandwiched between the tower (1) and the static mass (3).
    3- Test device according to claim 1, wherein fixed masses (6) are interspersed along the tower (1).
    4- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the static mass (3) is centered with respect to the axis of the tower (1).
    5- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the static mass (3 ') is not centered with respect to the axis of the tower (1).
    6- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the exciter (4) is centered on the axis of the tower (1) and creates a bending moment.
    7- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the exciter (4 ’) is outside the axis of the tower (1) and creates a torque.
    8- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the calibration of the test loads is carried out by means of a cable (13) extending from the tower head to a winch (12) anchored in the ground.
    9- Test device according to claim 8, wherein the cable (13) extends
    vertically from a beam (14) anchored at the top of the tower (1).
    10- Test device according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the tested tower (1) is reduced with respect to the diameter of the actual tower to be validated.
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    11- Test device according to claim 1, wherein a lattice tower with reduced column distance is used with respect to the distance of the actual tower to be validated.
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    同族专利:
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    WO2017140919A1|2017-08-24|
    ES2682966B1|2019-07-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US7822560B2|2004-12-23|2010-10-26|General Electric Company|Methods and apparatuses for wind turbine fatigue load measurement and assessment|
    GB2465577A|2008-11-21|2010-05-26|Vestas Wind Sys As|Monitoring device for a wind turbine|
    EP2674618B1|2012-06-14|2016-05-04|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Nacelle test apparatus|CN109185073A|2018-07-27|2019-01-11|江苏科技大学|A kind of the wind load loading experimental apparatus and application method of marine floating type blower|
    CN109470552B|2018-11-09|2021-01-29|安徽理工大学|Supercharging mechanism and anchor rod comprehensive mechanical property test platform thereof|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2016/000026|WO2017140919A1|2016-02-18|2016-02-18|Test device for wind towers and foundations|
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