![]() METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING FAVORABLE VEGETABLE GROWTH ZONES (Machine-translation by Google
专利摘要:
Method and apparatus to determine areas of favorable plant growth. The determination of the areas of favorable plant growth is made by measuring the terrestrial electric potential field, generated naturally by the land, between a plurality of survey points and a reference point arranged in a land to be analyzed, and the determination of the field of terrestrial electrical potential in different areas of said land, detecting areas of favorable plant growth and areas in which plant growth is less favorable, allowing to determine the areas in which it is more favorable to carry out planting or in the that it is desirable to modify the terrestrial electric potential field through its interconnection with other zones. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) 公开号:ES2680197A1 申请号:ES201730222 申请日:2017-02-21 公开日:2018-09-04 发明作者:José María MARTÍ SAURA 申请人:José María MARTÍ SAURA; IPC主号:
专利说明:
METHOD AND APPLIANCE TO DETERMINE FAVORABLE VEGETABLE GROWTH ZONES Field of technique The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for determining areas of favorable plant growth in a given terrain, to be analyzed, by measuring the field of terrestrial electric potential, naturally generated by the terrain, at a plurality of points. sounding, detecting in these areas the areas of favorable plant growth and areas where plant growth is less favorable, 10 allowing to determine the areas in which it is more conducive to plant or in that it is desirable to modify the field of terrestrial electric potential.By field of terrestrial electric potential, the difference inElectric potential, generated naturally, between two distant points of a land. 15 State of the art Some techniques for measuring terrestrial electric potential fields are known, and are mainly used to detect underground water currents, and to perform geological analyzes of large areas of territory by means of electrodes spaced hundreds or thousands of meters apart. 20 Some publications know that there is an interaction between the fields of terrestrial electric potential and plant species. For example the article “ELSEVIER. Dominique Gibert, Jean-Louis Le Mouël, Luc Lambs, Florence Nicollin, Frédéric Perrier. Sapflow and daily electric potential variations in a tree trunk.11thJanuary 2006 ”discloses the application of a potential measurement system 25 spontaneous electric between two points on a surface or shallow next to a tree and in the tree itself. This document does not relate the field of terrestrial electric potential with the growth of the tree, nor does it intend to alter it. In US 7956624 B2 a method is described for detecting root growth by electrodes inserted in the ground and spaced, applying electric current in 30 some of said electrodes, and measuring the electrical potential received in the other electrodes, allowing to construct a representation of electrical impedance that locates the roots of the plants. This method does not detect the field of terrestrial electric potential naturally generated by the land, and therefore does not allow to detect areas of favorable plant growth, nor does it stimulate the growth of plants in certain areas. Document US 20100250199 A1 discloses a method in which an association is made between the field of terrestrial electric potential measured in the field with a certain distribution of existing plant species, but does not explain a direct relationship between terrestrial electric potential and vegetation growth. There are also scientific publications in which the influence of the field of terrestrial electric potential on plant growth as well as the variation that this potential experiences along the plant stem has been noted. However, these studies do not propose a systematic determination of areas of favorable plant growth or the possible modification of the values of said field of terrestrial electric potential in order to improve agricultural production. Brief Description of the Invention The present invention concerns a method and apparatus for determining areas of favorable plant growth, based on the measurement of the terrestrial electric potential fields that are generated naturally in different areas of a land. By means of a plurality of electrodes placed in contact with points distant from the terrain it is possible to detect terrestrial electric potential fields at a plurality of terrain survey points. The tests show that the intensity of said field is not homogeneous, said fields of terrestrial electric potential being indicative of different underground physical or geological phenomena. The main known causes that generate or alter these fields of terrestrial electric potential are the pressure gradients, temperature or chemical concentrations in the earth, as well as the electrochemical potentials in a heterogeneous chemical field, the flow potentials due to water circulation underground, to the existence of geological boundaries, or corrosion phenomena of buried metals. Said field of terrestrial electrical potential, detected in a field, has been related by the present inventors to the growth of plant species demonstrating the existence of a correlation between said value of the field of terrestrial electric potential and the vigor of the existing plant species in said analyzed terrain. For example, it has been detected that the areas where plant growth is favorable are those in which a field of terrestrial electric potential of negative value has been detected, that is to say of a smaller magnitude with respect to a reference point, while the areas of less favorable plant growth are those areas in which a field of terrestrial electric potential of positive value has been detected, that is to say of a greater magnitude with respect to said reference point. Thus, the present invention proposes a method for determining areas of favorable growth of plant species comprising the following stages: define a surface of a land where it is desired to determine the areas of favorable plant growth for these plant species (for example, fescue, vineyard, willow, beans, peppers, tomatoes, onions, etc.); dispose of a plurality of electrodes sensitive to the fields of natural terrestrial electric potential, each connected to a device or device for measuring terrestrial electric potential, said electrodes being in contact with the ground, defining a plurality of sounding points; acquire, by means of said measuring equipment, data relating to a potential difference of the natural terrestrial electric field, existing between a reference point and each of the electrodes of said plurality of electrodes; Y determine areas of favorable plant growth and areas of less favorable plant growth based on the potential difference data obtained for each of the measured points. Therefore, the proposed method includes delimiting a study area, generally a land with agricultural interest, and selecting a plurality of sounding points spaced apart and distributed over said land where a plurality of electrodes are arranged, said electrodes being preferably distributed in a homogeneous way. Each electrode is placed in electrical contact with the ground, preferably nailing it inside, thus achieving a better contact between the electrode and the ground, and the measurements of the fields of terrestrial electric potential between each of said electrodes are carried out. and said reference point, or first electrode, by the measuring equipment connected to said electrodes. The data obtained refer to the difference in electrical potential between said reference point and the electrodes of the plurality of electrodes used in each measurement, therefore these data are indicative of a gradient, which will also be given between contiguous electrode points. Subsequently, it is determined which areas of the land are more favorable and which are less favorable for plant growth, based on the values of the potential field 5 terrestrial electric detected in the different points of the land, since there is a relationship between the value of the existing terrestrial electric potential field and the vigorous growth of the existing plant species in that place. Therefore, the data obtained allow us to know in which areas of the land it is more favorable or more unfavorable to plant, and the differences in productivity. 10 agricultural between the different areas of the studied land. The analysis of the terrain can be performed at one time, said plurality of electrodes being arranged throughout the surface of the terrain, or preferably it can be carried out in stages, analyzing a portion of the terrain at each stage, and completing the analysis by having analyzed all portions of the land At each stage said plurality of 15 electrodes distributed only in said portion of the land to be studied, and upon completion of all stages the entire field will have been studied. In this way a smaller amount of electrodes is required, and the density of the sounding points will be constant and independent of the total size of the terrain to be analyzed, since portions of a standardized size can be analyzed, thus being the measurements of different comparable terrains. According to a preferred embodiment, the measurement of the terrestrial electric potential field in the plurality of sounding points is carried out by means of metal electrodes (for example stainless steel) introduced in the ground at a depth of between 0 and 50 cm, although it is also it contemplates that the measurement is carried out by means of electrodes introduced into the ground at greater depths and even using other types of electrodes. 25 Optionally, different measurements can be made at different depths at each of the probing points, either by successive readings with electrodes successively driven at different depths, or by electrodes capable of making readings at different points of their longitudinal development. To achieve homogeneous readings it is preferable that all electrodes are 30 entered at the same depth when measuring to obtain equivalent and comparable data referring to the entire plurality of sounding points. According to one embodiment, the electrodes are preferably arranged with a distance of one meter equal to or less than one meter (although they may be separated at greater distances), thus allowing detailed information on the terrain studied. The data obtained through the electrodes refer to specific measurements, but not They offer data on all points of the field to study, only some of them. By means of said point readings it is possible to calculate the value of the field of terrestrial electric potential estimated in the rest of the land, allowing to create a field map of two-dimensional or three-dimensional terrestrial electric potential of the whole land, and even of the subsoil interior ground. In order to perform said estimating calculation, a statistical treatment is carried out, by means of an interpolation method, of all the data obtained from the measurement, providing a greater number of field potential values of terrestrial electric potential than those obtained by a direct measurement. Said statistical treatment not only allows to obtain a map of the terrestrial electric fields on the surface of the land to be studied, but also allows to calculate the estimated terrestrial electric potential field at different depths of the land, thus allowing to detect underground water currents, underground structures such as pipes, caves, dolins or hollows in general, or rock formations, roots and even the presence of hydrocarbons due to the interference they cause in the natural electric field. The sounding points, where measurements are made by means of the electrodes, can be arranged along substantially straight and horizontal measurement lines, the sounding points being substantially equidistant along said measuring lines. Several measurement lines can be arranged parallel and distanced, adjusting the distance between parallel lines until significant values of field potential of terrestrial electric potential are found between the electrodes arranged in said parallel lines, considering that a variation greater than 5% is a significant variation According to an alternative embodiment, each polling point can be positioned by means of a geolocation device, which provides its coordinates, for example GPS equipment, theodolites, laser positioning equipment, etc. Optionally, the data of the terrestrial electric potential field and the coordinates of each point of acquisition of said data can be stored in a related way, allowing to know the exact position and reading of each of the electrodes. According to an alternative embodiment, after the determination of the favorable and less favorable areas for growth, one can proceed to: define planting areas and non-planting areas within the analyzed land; detect the areas of plantation coinciding with the zones of less favorable plant growth; detect non-planting areas coinciding with areas of favorable plant growth; electrically connect the planting areas coinciding with the less favorable growth areas with the non-planting areas coinciding with the 10 zones of favorable plant growth by means of a plurality of transfer electrodes arranged in electrical contact with the ground and connected to each other by means of a conductive element, allowing the passage of electrical charges between said transfer electrodes and the consequent alteration of the potential of electric field around it. By this method, the field of terrestrial electric potential of a zone can also be altered, putting said zone in electrical contact with another zone with a different electric potential field, by means of a pair of electrodes connected by a conductive element such as a cable. This connection will allow, gradually, the electric charges move from one area to the other, altering the field of terrestrial electric potential 20 around the two electrodes. This allows moving favorable growth zones from non-plantation areas to plantation areas, maximizing the productivity of a plantation, and / or reducing unwanted growth of plant species in certain areas of the land, such as so-called weeds. All this has a lower use of fertilizers and herbicides, and greater productivity of 25 terrain It will be considered here that the zones of favorable plant growth are those zones in which a field of terrestrial electric potential of negative value is detected (that is, of a magnitude smaller than the reference electrode) and the zones of less favorable plant growth are those areas where an electric potential field is detected 30 terrestrial of positive value (that is, of a magnitude greater than the reference electrode). The method described so far will be implemented through an apparatus to determine areas of favorable plant growth, which includes: a plurality of electrodes configured to measure the field of terrestrial electrical potential; a geolocation device configured to detect the position of each individual electrode; 5 a field measuring device for terrestrial electrical potential connected to each electrode; Y a memory for storing the data provided by the meter associated with the data provided by the geolocator. Thus, the device allows measurements of the electric potential field. 10 terrestrial between each of said plurality of electrodes and the first reference electrode, and also allows storing the information obtained, relating said information to the position of each of the electrodes within the field to be analyzed, said position having been provided by a geolocator, such as a satellite tracking system, a theodolite, a laser meter, etc. 15 According to an alternative embodiment said apparatus is integrated in a mobile unit, allowing its displacement through the terrain to be analyzed.Alternatively or additionally said plurality of electrodes are attached to a support,forming a matrix, said support being vertically movable between a position ofmeasurement, wherein said plurality of electrodes is in contact with the ground, and a 20 stowed position, in which said plurality of electrodes is not in contact with the ground. Said movable support can also optionally be integrated in said mobile unit. Both the mobile unit and the mentioned support can be motorized, being activated automatically. According to another embodiment, the electrodes have an isolated non-sensitive proximal section. 25 intended to be close to the surface of the terrain and of a non-isolated sensitive distal end intended to be within the terrain, further from the surface, allowing measurements at a given depth. The mobile unit may also include environmental sensors selected from: air temperature sensor, soil temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, sensor 30 soil moisture, soil acidity sensor, or a temperature sensor of the electrodes themselves. The data provided by said environmental sensors will preferably be stored in said memory. According to an alternative embodiment, the measurements of the terrestrial electric potential field are not only performed between contiguous electrodes arranged at contiguous sounding points, but measurements can also be made between non-contiguous electrodes, thereby increasing the number of measurements and their accuracy, without requiring a greater number of electrodes or sounding points. Brief description of the figures The above and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from of the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, which should be taken by way of illustration and not limitation, in which: Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a rectangular terrain to be analyzed in which he has defined a reference point, or first reference electrode, and a plurality of sounding points homogeneously distributed over said land forming a matrix of nine rows (numbered) and nineteen columns (referenced from a, to s); Fig. 2 shows graphs of the values of the terrestrial electric potential field obtained from contiguous electrodes located at the probe points of row 2, row 5 and row 8; Fig. 3 shows a two-dimensional map of estimated terrestrial electric potential fields, obtained by means of the statistical treatment of the data obtained by means of the electrodes located at the probing points indicated in Fig. 1, superimposed on the plan view of the analyzed land, and the plot with the + symbol corresponding to positive values, and the plot with the symbol - to negative values of the estimated terrestrial electric potential field, and the density of said frames corresponding to the magnitude of the estimated value. Detailed description of an exemplary embodiment The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for determining areas of favorable plant growth 3 (see Fig. 3) by measuring the potential field electrical terrestrial, generated naturally by the terrain, between a first reference electrode P and a plurality of sounding points 2 arranged in a terrain 1 to be analyzed. According to a preferred embodiment, on a non-limiting basis, the proposed apparatus consists of a mobile unit equipped with motorized tractor wheels or tracks, said mobile unit being compact and small in size, allowing its movement between different areas of a plantation of the land 1 to be analyzed. Between said wheels or tracks a support is provided, on its underside, with a plurality of electrodes in the form of metal bars attached to said support and protruding downwards, each electrode being separated and electrically isolated from the support and the rest of the electrodes, and individually connected to a measuring device also integrated in said mobile unit. Preferably said electrodes are arranged equidistant from each other forming a matrix, their relative position being known, for example 30 centimeters (without being limiting since said electrodes can be separated at a greater distance, for example a meter, and even at a greater distance ). The aforementioned support on which the electrodes are fixed can move vertically with respect to the rest of the mobile unit, by means of guide elements, and actuator means, such as an electric motor, a hydraulic piston, or other similar equipment, allow to move vertically said support between a measuring position, in which said plurality of electrodes is in contact with the ground, and a retracted or withdrawn position, in which said plurality of electrodes is not in contact with the ground. Thus, moving the mobile unit, the support being in a retracted position, to a portion of the terrain to be analyzed and then moving the support to the measurement position, a plurality of electrodes can be driven into said region of the terrain to be analyzed, at the points of sounding 2, then proceeding to read the field of terrestrial electric potential of that portion of the land by means of the measuring device or device. Moving the support to the stowed position and repeating the movement cycle of the mobile unit, electrode drilling and reading, for successive different regions of the terrain 1, the total measurement of the terrain 1 can be completed. All the data obtained from the different readings are stored in a memory, together with the precise position of each electrode at the time of taking each reading, thus allowing to elaborate an accurate map of the probing points 2 (as shown in Fig. 1), to which the results obtained from these surveys can also be superimposed. The precise position of each sounding point 2 can be obtained by accurately locating the mobile unit on the ground, for example by satellite positioning equipment, or by electronic theodolite type equipment, laser measuring equipment, or any other usual system of location and positioning. Other data relating, for example, to the temperature or humidity of the air or the ground can also be stored, after obtaining it by means of environmental sensors arranged in the mobile unit. Said mobile unit can be programmed to move through the terrain and execute the successive surveys automatically, thus allowing it to obtain all the information of the land without requiring additional instructions from an operator and accelerating said operation. After obtaining all the land data, a computer system proceeds to perform a statistical treatment, by means of an interpolation method, of the set of data of the terrestrial electric potential field obtained from the measurement, providing estimated terrestrial electric potential field values of all points of the terrain. The measured and estimated data are then used to create a two-dimensional or three-dimensional map of the values of the terrestrial electric potential field over the entire surface of the land, as shown by way of example in Fig. 3. This map allows to identify the zones of favorable plant growth 3 and the zones of less favorable plant growth 4 based on the value of the field of terrestrial electric potential in these zones. This information is useful for deciding which plant species to plant, or their distribution within the land, concentrating the specimens in areas of favorable plant growth. The aforementioned computer system equipped with an appropriate program also allows interpolation to develop a map of terrestrial electrical potential for other applications such as: - Designate, based on spatial criteria defined by the user (provision initial geometric of the sowing points, minimum distance between specimens, minimum width of walkable aisles, type of crop, etc.), location of more favorable points for planting, based on the definition of some cells isometric with the lowest average terrestrial electric potential value. - Predict, progressively increasing the size of these cells, the conditions of terrestrial electric potential in which each unit will be developed with the pass of the time. In the event that the position of plant specimens cannot be concentrated in areas of favorable plant growth 3, either because they are pre-existing specimens, either for other reasons such as leaving a few steps of circulation within the land, they can be modified the values of the terrestrial electric potential field. To make this modification, it is first necessary to define some plantation areas in which we want to have vigorous plant species and non-plantation areas in which we do not want plant species, within the analyzed land 1. Next, the plantation areas coinciding with the less favorable plant growth zones 5 and the non-plantation areas coinciding with the favorable plant growth zones 3 are detected, thus detecting those areas where it is necessary to modify the field of terrestrial electrical potential Finally, the plantation areas coinciding with the less favorable growth zones 4 are connected electrically with the non-plantation areas coinciding with the growth zones 10 favorable plant 3 by means of transfer electrodes arranged in electrical contact with the ground 1 and connected to each other by means of an electric cable, allowing the transfer of electric charges between said transfer electrodes and the consequent alteration of the electric field potential terrestrial around each of said pair of transfer electrodes. 15 Transfer electrodes can be, just like electrodes, simple metal bars. To operate, they must be driven into the ground and connected to each other by means of an electric cable. Since said transfer electrodes and said cable are very conductive and since there is a difference in electrical potential between the two transfer electrodes, the electric charges will flow naturally from an electrode of 20 transfer to the other, thus gradually reducing the potential difference between the surrounding terrain to both transfer electrodes, and thus achieving that the planted areas coinciding with the less favorable growth zones 4 are more favorable to the growth of plant species. Likewise, the electrical potential of the soil may be altered or modified in a way 25 artificial, for example by the injection of electric current, either by a battery or a battery connected to the ground, by placing a solar panel that produces electricity and transfers it to the ground by means of a terminal electrode (positive and / or negative ), etc.
权利要求:
Claims (14) [1] 1. Method to determine areas of favorable plant growth, the method being characterized because it comprises the following stages: 5 define an area of land (1) in which it is desired to determine areas of favorable plant growth (3) for some plant species, where plant species include at least fescue, vineyard, willow, beans, peppers, tomatoes or onions; arrange a plurality of electrodes sensitive to electric potential fields 10 natural terrestrial, each connected to a terrestrial electric potential measurement device, said electrodes being in contact with the ground, defining a plurality of sounding points (2) forming a matrix; acquire, by means of said measuring equipment, data relating to a potential difference of the natural terrestrial electric field, existing between a reference point 15 (P) and each of the electrodes of said plurality of electrodes; Y determine areas of favorable plant growth (3) and areas of less favorable plant growth (4) based on the potential difference data obtained for each of the measured points. [2] 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measurement of the field of The terrestrial electrical potential in the plurality of sounding points (2) is realized by means of electrodes introduced into the ground (1) at a depth of between 0 and 50 cm. [3] 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each of the plurality of probing points (2) a measurement is made at different depths, said depths being between 0 and 50 cm. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the electrodes are arranged with a distance between them equal to or less than one meter. [5] 5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a statistical treatment is carried out, by means of an interpolation method, of the set of data obtained from the measurement, providing a greater number of field values of 30 terrestrial electrical potential than those obtained by direct measurement. [6] 6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said plurality of probing points (2) are arranged along straight and horizontal lines, the probing points (2) being equidistant along said lines. [7] 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that several polling lines are arranged parallel, spaced apart, adjusting the distance between parallel lines until finding values of variation of terrestrial electric field potential greater than 5% between said parallel lines. [8] 8. Method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the coordinates of each measurement point are obtained by means of a geolocation device, and stored by relating said coordinates to the terrestrial electric potential field data obtained. [9] 9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after defining areas of favorable plant growth (3) and areas of less favorable plant growth (4), proceed to: define planting areas and non-planting areas within the land (2) analyzed; detect the areas of plantation coinciding with the areas of less favorable plant growth (4); detect non-planting areas coinciding with areas of favorable plant growth (3); Y electrically connect the planting areas coinciding with the less favorable growth zones (4) with the non-planting areas coinciding with the favorable plant growth zones (3) by means of a plurality of transfer electrodes arranged in electrical contact with the ground and joined together by means of a conductive element, allowing the passage of electrical charges between said plurality of transfer electrodes and the consequent alteration of the potential of the electric field around them. [10] 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the zones of favorable plant growth (3) are determined in those zones in which a field of terrestrial electric potential of negative value is detected and the zones of less favorable plant growth (4) are determined in those areas in which a positively terrestrial electric potential field is detected. [11] 11. Apparatus for determining favorable growth zones of plant species, which includes: a plurality of electrodes configured to measure a field of terrestrial electrical potential; 5 a geolocation device configured to detect the position of each individual electrode; a field measuring device for terrestrial electrical potential connected to each electrode; Y a memory for storing the data provided by the meter associated with the data provided by the geolocator. [12] 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that a mobile unit integrates all the elements included in the apparatus, wherein said mobile unit is configured to move through the terrain (1) to be analyzed. [13] 13. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said plurality of 15 electrodes are attached to a support, forming a matrix, said support being vertically movable between a measurement position, in which said plurality of electrodes is in contact with the ground, and a retracted position, in which said plurality of electrodes is not It is in contact with the ground. [14] 14. Apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the electrodes have 20 of an isolated non-sensitive proximal section intended to be close to the surface of the terrain and of a non-isolated sensitive distal end provided to be within the terrain, further from the surface. [15] 15. Apparatus according to claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the vertical displacement of the support and / or the displacement of the mobile unit are motorized. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims 11 to 15, characterized in that it also includes environmental sensors selected from an air temperature sensor, soil temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor, air sensor soil acidity, or a temperature sensor of the electrodes themselves; and because said memory also stores the data obtained by said sensors 30 environmental.
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 WO2018154159A1|2018-08-30| ES2680197B1|2019-06-27|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 US5841282A|1997-02-10|1998-11-24|Christy; Colin|Device for measuring soil conductivity| US20110106451A1|2008-11-04|2011-05-05|Colin Christy|Multiple sensor system and method for mapping soil in three dimensions| JP3007969B1|1999-02-24|2000-02-14|農林水産省農業工学研究所長|Soil organism density detection method| US7813883B2|2006-06-22|2010-10-12|Bryant Consultants, Inc.|Remotely reconfigurable system for mapping subsurface geological anomalies|
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 ES201730222A|ES2680197B1|2017-02-21|2017-02-21|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING FAVORABLE VEGETABLE GROWTH ZONES|ES201730222A| ES2680197B1|2017-02-21|2017-02-21|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING FAVORABLE VEGETABLE GROWTH ZONES| PCT/ES2018/070117| WO2018154159A1|2017-02-21|2018-02-20|Method and apparatus for determining areas of favourable plant growth| 相关专利
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