• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System of electric power generation by turbo hybrid machinery. The present invention relates to a system of electric power generation by hybrid turbomachinery for the production of electricity in various modular applications, where the system simplifies the current adaptation of conventional gas turbines for various applications such as in the generation of solar energy, and allows to carry out a rapid response to transients that may occur, for example, under changing climatic conditions. In addition, the system allows a detailed control and stable operating conditions of the hybrid machinery that acts as a power block. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2678594A1
    申请号:ES201730170
    申请日:2017-02-13
    公开日:2018-08-14
    发明作者:Miguel Ángel REYES BELMONTE；José GONZÁLEZ AGUILAR；Manuel ROMERO ÁLVAREZ
    申请人:Fund Imdea Energia；Fundacion Imdea Energia；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a hybrid turbomaquinaría electric power generation system for the production of electricity in various modular applications.
    The object of the present invention is an electric power generation system by means of hybrid turbomachinery that simplifies the current adaptation of conventional gas turbines for various applications such as in the generation of
    15 electricity through concentrated solar thermal energy, and which allows a rapid response to transients that can occur, for example, under changing weather conditions.
    In addition, the system allows detailed control and stable operating conditions 20 of the hybrid machinery that acts as a power block.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Various technologies related to the technology are known in the state of the art.
    25 components used by an electric power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery, among which high-speed turbochargers, engines and electric generators, battery control, air receivers, heat recuperators and / or concentrated solar energy technologies can be mentioned among other.
    30 In relation to turbochargers, the first concept of these machines was presented by the Swiss engineer Alfred Büchi in 1905 under the description of a "highly supercharged engine" proposing as a solution the recovery of part of the thermal energy of the exhaust gases in form of mechanical energy in the shaft by using a turbine that in turn operated an axial compressor
    35 coupled on the same axis. The first commercial application of this concept was
    presented in 1924 by the Brown Boveri company (currently ABB) for supercharging marine engines. These first turbochargers were large due to the use of axial turbomachinery and operated with reduced compression ratios and very limited performance. The reduction in the size of the machinery or the development of radial components were not possible until decades later due to limitations in manufacturing technologies. It was not until the end of World War II that the current era of turbochargers began, this takeoff being promoted by the rapid development of gas turbines in aeronautical applications and new manufacturing techniques. It was during the 1960s, when the use of automotive turbochargers became popular, especially motivated by the increase in power of supercharged engines. However, it was not until the mid-1970s, and fueled by the oil crisis, when turbocharging began to develop in order to design smaller and more efficient engines. This trend 15 continued and by the end of the 90s and the beginning of 2000, the use of small turbochargers for the supercharging of diesel internal combustion engines became an essential requirement to comply with the strict regulation in terms of emission control Of automobiles. During the last decade, the development in new coatings and manufacturing processes as well
    20 As a greater awareness in energy saving has allowed various developments in the field of turbocharging, such as the development of variable geometry turbines, water-cooled turbogroups, turbogroups for gasoline applications, control electronics or microturbine development.
    25 With regard to thermoelectric generation by external combustion, current systems based on a Rankine cycle by steam turbine have as disadvantages that the maximum temperature of the cycle is limited by the properties of the working fluid (temperatures below 620 oC in the case of
    30 Rankine cycles of ultra-supercritical steam and more commonly in the environment of 520 oC for the use of superheated steam), in the need to reach high pressures in the working fluid (up to 285 bar) and that the plant size It must be high for the returns to be acceptable. Its main applications are in thermoelectric plants using fossil fuels, materials
    35 fissures and renewable sources, such as solar energy, geothermal energy or biomass.
    Other systems propose the adaptation of a Brayton cycle by means of a gas turbine by decoupling the combustion chamber, so that the heat supply is external. In this case, the drawback arises in the difficult adaptation of said external heat input system to the gas turbine and in the subsequent loss of performance, as observed in the adaptation of conventional gas turbines for operation in energy applications. concentrated solar.
    The electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery of the present invention has a configuration that allows to solve all the above drawbacks.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to an electric power generation system by means of hybrid turbomachinery for the production of electricity that simplifies the current adaptation of conventional gas turbines for various applications, and allows a rapid response to transients.
    The electric power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery includes:
    • a thermal power generation system;
    • a device that transfers the thermal energy produced by the thermal power generation system to a compressible working fluid; Y
    • a power block based on hybrid turbomachinery comprising:
    • at least one compressor driven by an electric motor,
    • at least one turbine connected to an electric generator,
    where at the exit of the device that transfers the thermal energy produced by the thermal power generation system to the compressible working fluid, the compressible working fluid, which is pressurized and at high temperature, is directed towards the turbine for the production of electricity and where the at least one compressor and the at least one turbine are independently controlled.
    As regards the generation of electricity through hybrid turbomachinery, it is necessary to incorporate high-speed electric motors / generators that
    allow the transformation of mechanical energy on the shaft (with typical rotation speeds of the order of 500 Hz to 3 kHz) into electrical energy. In addition, due to the continuous variations in the rotation regime of the hybrid turbomachinery (transients), the electric operating frequency is not stable. In order to solve this problem (changing frequency) and to adjust the electric frequency levels to those established by the network (50/60 Hz), rectifiers are used that allow the conversion from alternating high frequency alternating current produced by the turbine to DC. On the side of the compressor, the excitation of its coupled electric motor is carried out by means of a high frequency and variable alternating current, by means of a converter powered by direct current. In both cases (generator / motor), the use of a battery system will allow the desired electrical energy to be stored.
    The system also includes a central system for managing electrical production and storage in batteries arranged between the power block and an electrical network. The central management system for electricity production and battery storage manages and conditions both the electricity produced by the electric generator connected to the at least one turbine and that required by the electric motor that drives the at least one compressor and stores in batteries and / or injects into the network the desired amount of electricity produced by the electric generator connected to the at least one turbine. This management system for electricity production and battery storage will also allow the system to start up.
    Thus, the system of the present invention improves performance in power generation plants, preferably improves thermodynamic performance in thermal-electrical conversion in applications where thermodynamic cycles based on the use of compressors and turbines using a fluid are used. of compressible work.
    This improvement in plant performance is due to the good performance of the compressor and the turbine operating independently, without coupling restrictions, and designed for design conditions.
    In addition, understanding the power block very compact machines with few components reduces installation times and costs, as well as operation and maintenance costs. In addition, water consumption is avoided and without operating restrictions in conditions of partial load or during transients.
    The electric power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery of the present invention allows the efficient application of machines with gas turbines for the generation of electricity in applications where thermal input occurs under the traditional definition of external combustion. That is, the transfer of energy
    10 thermal to the working fluid does not occur within the machine itself, allowing the use of any thermal resource. In particular, the system for generating electric power through hybrid turbomachinery can be applied to thermal sources of renewable origin such as concentrated solar energy, geothermal energy or biomass.
    In the system of the present invention, the use of turbomachinery, preferably radial, hybrid or decoupled without a combustion chamber, greatly simplifies the coupling with a thermal source of external origin.
    The system of the present invention can be implemented at a modular level and the scaling process for higher generation powers would be quick and simple, since a greater number of components and stages can be easily introduced to increase the power production of the plant. .
    25 This is favored by the fact that the different turbomachines operate independently, being controlled by their own control unit and producing electricity against a battery storage system. This fact allows reducing and dividing the risks in the investment as well as allowing greater flexibility in the operation of the plant.
    Another important aspect of the system of the present invention is the easy integration of other energy sources, either in the form of thermal or electrical energy. In the first case, the thermal contribution to the working fluid at the output of the device that transfers the thermal energy produced by the power generation system
    A thermal compressible working fluid can be assisted by the use of biomass or natural gas using an auxiliary burner that would provide extra control during transients. But it will also allow to reach the desired temperature at the turbine inlet and increase the power of the plant. In the case of the electrical power required to move the compressor, surplus electrical energy from others
    5 renewable sources (such as photovoltaic or wind solar) could be used.
    The hybrid power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery of the present invention can be applied to any thermodynamic cycle that uses compressors and turbines (Brayton, Ericsson, Stirling cycles or future developments of
    10 thermodynamic cycles).
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a scheme of the electric power generation system
    15 by means of hybrid turbomachinery for the production of electricity of the present invention according to an embodiment where the power generation plant is a solar thermal plant with heliostat field and tower.
    Figure 2 shows a diagram of a parallel configuration of the block of
    20 power based on hybrid turbomachinery of the system of the present invention.
    Figure 3 shows a diagram of a series configuration (with intermediate compressor cooling and intermediate turbine reheating) of the hybrid turbomachinery-based power block of the system of the present invention.
    Figure 4 shows a diagram of a combined regenerative series / parallel configuration (with intermediate compressor cooling and intermediate turbine reheating) of the hybrid turbomachinery-based power block of the system of the present invention.
    30 Figure 5 shows a graph showing the efficiency versus pressure ratio for the different schemes of Figures 2 to 4.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    35 7
    Next, a preferred embodiment of the electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery of the present invention will be described in detail.
    5 In this preferred embodiment, shown in Figure 1, the power generation system (2) is a solar thermal plant comprising a field of heliostats that receive solar radiation (1) and a solar tower (3) where a receiver of a compressible working fluid (4) is arranged, whose working fluid is preferably air and a power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery,
    10 in this exemplary preferred embodiment of the radio type l.
    The power block based on hybrid turbomachinery comprises:
    • a single stage radial compressor (8) driven by an electric motor (11)
    high speed, 15 • a single stage radial turbine (10) connected to an electric generator
    (12) high regime,
    • a heat exchanger (9) regenerator to preheat the working fluid arranged at the inlet of the receiver (4),
    where at the outlet of the receiver (4), the pressurized and high temperature working fluid 20 is directed towards the radial turbine (10) of a stage for the production of electricity.
    Both the electricity produced by the high-speed electric generator (12) connected to the turbine (10) and that required by the electric motor (11) that drives the compressor (8) are conditioned by an ACIDC converter (14). In the case of the turbine (10), the coupled high-speed electric generator (12) produces alternating current of variable frequency due to the changing rotation regimes, so an ACIDC converter (14) is necessary to filter the signal of frequency. As regards the compressor (8), it is necessary to excite the electric motor (11) that drives the compressor (8) with a variable frequency in order to respond to the operating transients, so a DC / converter is necessary. AC (13). In addition, the system comprises a central system for managing electrical production (15) and battery storage (6) that manages the electricity produced, either through batteries (6) for storage and / or through a converter (19) for the conversion of electricity produced in direct current to alternating current and
    subsequent voltage increase in a transformer (16) for connection to an electrical network (7).
    Due to the modularity and flexibility of the system, it can adopt other
    5 configurations that allow to increase the production capacity of the plantpower generation (2) and / or extend the operating conditions to highpressures and mass expenses.
    This system configuration is represented in Figures 2 to 4.
    10 Figure 2 shows a parallel configuration of the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery where the heat exchanger has been removed
    (9) regenerator to preheat the working fluid arranged at the receiver inlet
    (4) And comprising n compressors (8) driven by two electric motors (11) 15 and / or n turbines (10) connected to n electric generators (12).
    A serial configuration of the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprising a heat exchanger (17) between each pair of n compressors (8) arranged in series and / or a chamber is shown in Figure 3.
    20 intermediate combustion (18) between each pair of n turbines (10) arranged in series.
    This system presents intermediate cooling between compressor stages (8) by means of a heat exchanger (17), which would reduce the temperature of the working fluid at the entrance of the high compression stage and therefore reduce the power
    25 necessary for compression. As regards the side of the turbine, the combustion chamber (18) intermediate between the turbine stages allows the working fluid to reheat at the outlet of the high pressure turbine, which leads to an increase in the thermodynamic cycle performance by increasing the average temperature during work extraction.
    30 Figure 4 shows a combined series / parallel configuration where only two stages (C1, C1 ') of compressor (8) and two stages (T1, T1') of turbine (10) have been represented for reasons of clarity, although the use of more than two stages in series would be possible.
    Each of the low pressure stages (C1, T1) can be formed by one or more components (8, 10) together with its own motor (11) or electric generator (12). In this case, all compressors (8) or turbines (10) within the same stage would work under the same ratio of pressures and inlet temperature which will allow
    5 increase the power of the power block (5) due to an increase in the circulating mass expenditure.
    Similarly, each of the high pressure stages (C1 ', T1') can be formed by one or more components (8, 10) together with its own motor (11) or 10 electric generator (12).
    In order to increase the performance of the power block (5), the use of intermediate cooling between compressor stages (C1, C1 ') by means of a heat exchanger (17) working fluid-air could be considered in this configuration. that
    15 would reduce the temperature of the working fluid at the entrance of the high compression stage and therefore reduce the power required for compression.
    Similarly, on the expansion side, the use of an auxiliary combustion chamber (18) that can be used to increase
    20 the power of the thermodynamic cycle as well as improving the performance of the power block (5).
    After the compression stages (C 1, C1 '), a regenerative heat exchanger (9) can be used to preheat the working fluid prior to the receiver
    25 (4) by recovering the thermal energy available in the working fluid at the turbine outlet (10) in the low pressure stage (T1).
    The system of the present invention also allows the operation of the system sequentially with different compressor and turbine stages of different sizes.
    30 (activation or deactivation of stages) depending on the operating conditions and / or electrical power demanded. This type of architectures is possible due to the modularity of the system since all compressors (8) and turbines (10) work independently and controlled by a central system of management of electrical production (15) and storage in batteries (6 ).
    The above configurations are not limiting, and in summary, the power block
    (5) of the system of the present invention may have any of the following configurations:
    5 Series direct compressor I turbine;Turbine series I direct compressor;Series I parallel turbine compressor;Parallel I series turbine compressor;Compressor series without refrigeration;
    10 Series turbine without overheating;
    or variations thereof.
    EXAMPLE
    15 The preferred configuration for the application of this concept is based on a simple stage regenerative diagram (a compressor - a turbine) coupled to an ultra-compact solar field with tower (of the order of a few hundred thermal kilowatts of absorbed power in the receiver) as shown in Figure 1. The
    The use of a compact solar field of small heliostats would reduce the investment capital for this proposal as well as allow high flows in the solar receiver due to the small size and better strategy in the aiming.
    Due to the compactness and physical decoupling of block components
    25 of power (compressor, turbine and regenerator) these could be installed at the top of the solar tower or at ground level or even, the compressor and the turbine could be installed at different levels.
    For reasons of potential scalability, the preferred plant configuration is
    30 shown in Figure 2 and would allow multi-stage arrangement of compressors and turbines. In this case, the serial configuration would allow the operating conditions to be extended while the parallel configuration (using multiple compressors and turbines) would allow increasing the mass flow through the power block thus increasing the power of the plant.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1.-Electric power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery comprising: 5 • a thermal power generation system (2);
    • a device that transfers the thermal energy produced by the thermal energy generation system (2) to a compressible working fluid; Y
    • a power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprising:
    or at least one compressor (8) driven by an electric motor (11),
    10 or at least one turbine (10) connected to an electric generator (12), where at the exit of the device that transfers the thermal energy produced by the thermal power generation system (2) to the compressible working fluid, the fluid from compressible work is directed towards the turbine (10) for the production of electricity characterized by the fact that the at least one compressor (8) and the at least one
    15 turbines (10) are independently controlled and where the system also includes a central system for managing electrical production (15) and battery storage (6) arranged between the power block (5) and an electrical network ( 7), where the central system of electrical production management (15) and battery storage (6) manages and conditions both the electricity produced
    20 by the electric generator (12) connected to the at least one turbine (10) as required by the electric motor (11) that drives the at least one compressor (8) and stores in the batteries (6) and / or injected in the network (7) the desired amount of electricity produced by the electric generator (12) connected to the at least one turbine (10).
    2. Electric power generation system by means of hybrid turbomachinery according to claim 1, characterized in that the power block (5) also comprises a regenerative heat exchanger (9) for preheating the working fluid arranged at the input of the transferring device. thermal energy
    30 produced by the thermal power generation system to a compressible working fluid.
    [3]
    3.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the block of
    Power (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprises a parallel configuration which includes n compressors (8) driven by two electric motors (11)
    [4]
    4.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprises a parallel configuration including n turbines (10) connected to electric generators ( 12).
    [5]
    5.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to any of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprises a series configuration where a fluid heat exchanger (17) is included of work-air between each pair of n compressors (8) arranged in series.
    [6]
    6. Electric power generation system using hybrid turbomachinery according to any of claims 1, 2 or 5 characterized in that the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery comprises a series configuration where an intermediate combustion chamber is included ( 18) between each pair of n turbines (10) arranged in series.
    [7]
    7.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery has a series / parallel configuration.
    [8]
    8.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the power generation plant (2) is a solar thermal plant comprising a field of heliostats that receive solar radiation (1) and a solar tower (3) where the pressurized working fluid receiver (4) and the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery are arranged.
    [9]
    9.-Electric power generation system by hybrid turbomachinery according to claim 8 characterized in that the power block (5) based on hybrid turbomachinery is radial.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2678594B1|2019-05-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4079591A|1976-08-02|1978-03-21|Derby Ronald C|Solar power plant|
    JPS54105606A|1978-02-07|1979-08-18|Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd|Stored air type power generating system|
    US7325401B1|2004-04-13|2008-02-05|Brayton Energy, Llc|Power conversion systems|
    WO2016104222A1|2014-12-25|2016-06-30|株式会社神戸製鋼所|Compressed-air-storing power generation device and compressed-air-storing power generation method|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201730170A|ES2678594B1|2017-02-13|2017-02-13|SYSTEM OF GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY THROUGH TURBOMAQUINARIA HIBRIDA|ES201730170A| ES2678594B1|2017-02-13|2017-02-13|SYSTEM OF GENERATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY THROUGH TURBOMAQUINARIA HIBRIDA|
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