• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for making profiles for leaf springs. The manufacture of springs formed by one or more tubular profiles, one of them being hollow and the other full and their combinations, requires a new procedure as well as a reduction in the energy cost of said process, which is achieved with operations comprising the verified of the profiles, their peeling for the detection of cracks, their cutting to the appropriate standards, operations of conformed to obtain in their ends mouths and necks, their forging and upsetting, punching and drilling of the bases. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2677071A1
    申请号:ES201630969
    申请日:2016-07-14
    公开日:2018-07-27
    发明作者:Antonio Marks Diaz；Carlos FERNANDEZ CURTO
    申请人:Fundiciones de Vera SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS

     Object of the InventionA process of metallurgical nature that is applied in operations of manufacture of the pieces that allows the manufacture of leaf springs of one or more pieces, from tubular profiles of any type of cross section, preferably although not exclusively of circular section, although other similar sections are possible, including solid circular sections. State of the Art 15 There is no known type of procedure for the manufacture of this type of leaf springs, among other causes because said leaf springs are not found in the market. If the different operations of mechanical and / or metallurgical type 20 are individually known that are described below, but not the order and combination of said operations, with the final result of a new product. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION One of the purposes of the invention and of the manufacturing process recommended is the set of finishing operations that make it possible to obtain the parts of the leaflet that make it, after the 30 corresponding manufacturing and assembly tasks, result of which is a crossbow formed by one or 

    more sections, for example, a leaf spring with a complete tubular section, or another with a tubular section and another with a full section (rolled steel sheet). This allows to reduce the weight of the product and facilitates the combination of different materials, placing a material on the side 5 of the cushion of lower strength and price, taking into account that the solicitations, as far as its application is concerned with pneumatic springs, are partially cushioned by the pneumatic cushion of a suspension system and, therefore, are smaller. The transformation of the sections mentioned above configures a finish of the same ones that are part of the leaf spring, with the additional purpose of achieving that the leaf spring formed by one or more parts with said sections, fulfills the specifications of all types, both of resistance mechanical, flexibility and dimensional. Another purpose of the invention is the combination of operations all known individually, but some of them not in its application to tubular profiles, in order to manufacture a leaflet not known in the market and, therefore, novelty not only in what refers to its geometric configuration, but to the properties and characteristics associated with said type of leaf spring, after the recommended manufacturing process, which allows to face the demands that must be able to serve at the request of vehicle manufacturers. and trailers, which otherwise could be achieved using the known manufacturing methods. Another purpose of the invention is the 
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    natural rounding of the vertices (edges) of the profile of the crossbow, even in the case of profiles served from the steel mill with a rounded cross section, which when laminated could produce sharp edges, causing the breakage of the leaf spring before the 5 stresses of service. The rounding obtained in the proposed invention minimizes the notch effect, and allows designing the product with a higher nominal voltage. 10 Description of the Invention The object of the proposed method is to obtain from a tubular profile of circular section or similar, capable of being machined on its outside and inside, and therefore free of both internal and external defects, so that thanks to said machining it can be subjected to at higher voltages than solid profiles, obtained first of circular section or similar by forming a tubular profile for leaf springs of any type of section. 20 The recommended procedure begins with the 100% verification by means of non-destructive testing of the circular section profiles, for the detection in their case of the presence of cracks, said profiles being supplied by the steelmaker verified by conventional means, thus guaranteeing to said verification that there are no cracks in the material delivered, eliminating said cracks up to a maximum depth of less than 0.3 mm. that establishes the accuracy of the aforementioned verification. 30 The entire maximum depth subject to cracking uncertainty is eliminated 

    later by conventional means, through a peeling process, which guarantees the absence of micro-cracks and cracks and the absence of decarburization in the starting material served by the steelmaker. Being able to perform the machining of tube both on the outside 5 and on the inside, at the designer's discretion when determining the design tensions on the exterior and interior walls. The profile of circular section or the like is formed by rollers along its entire length, obtaining a new tubular profile preferably circular or similar of variable thickness. The state of the art allows even the addition of longitudinal ribs that can serve as reinforcement in case the designer considers it necessary. This process 15 assumes, on the one hand, the optimization of the material used for the crossbow, since it is a process in which there is no loss of material, as well as a significant reduction in the final weight of the leaf spring to be manufactured. The initially cylindrical profile served by the steelworks already verified and peeled in the necessary cases, and subject previously to the roll forming process previously indicated, in the necessary cases, is shaped for the second time in a totally new way by means of specific tools, to obtain a section 25 of the rectangular type with the rounded edges, in a natural manner, that is to say without edges when the starting profile is deformed plastically by the action of a tooling, designed in such a way that certain areas of the tube 30 are formed in a predetermined manner, forcing it to adopt a rectangular section with rounded edges. 

    This radius curdling operation allows the designer to obtain constant or variable radii along the longitudinal section, which represents a considerable advantage with respect to the process of rolling of profiles of constant section, where the radius decreases with the increase of the radius. degree of reduction of the delivery section, without it being possible to prevent sharp edges from forming in the contact area of the rolling rolls with the profile. The product obtained by this process compared to that obtained with the conventional rolling process, in which even starting from a profile formed at one of its ends allows to obtain the same rigidity, with a durability to fatigue equal to or greater than the solid profile equivalent, but when consisting of 15 crossbows of one or more pieces of equal or different sections, each part of the crossbow can be made of materials of the same or different characteristics, with which each part can be optimized to obtain the minimum weight supporting the required solicitations, in the zone that projects said limitations. The process of shaping circular profile or similar initial to rectangular profile ensures the regularity of the formation of the vertices (edges) of the leaf spring, minimizing any notch point 25 caused by conventional rolling processes. The tube described can in turn be tube with or without seam. The described process is applied to a profile of preferably tubular circular starting section, and can also be applied to solid sections although this entails much higher forming energies. In a general and totally conventional way, 

    The operations of shaping the tube shape, technical treatment, machining, assembly and palletizing are applied to the manufacturing process described above. Other details and characteristics will become apparent during the description that follows, in which reference is made to the drawings that accompany this report in which it is shown by way of illustration but not limiting, being able to manufacture the crossbow in any type of suitable material and measures appropriate to the requirements established by the vehicle manufacturer. Description of the figuresFollowing is a list of the different parts of the invention, which can be identified in the figures by means of the corresponding numbers: (10) profile of circular section stretched, verified and debarked, (11) 20 profile resulting from cutting the profile (10) to predetermined measurements, (12) profile resulting from shaping the profile already cut (11) by means of rollers, (13) profile after carrying out heating operations and flared of the first end (19) of the tube (12) for obtain the desired mouth (23), (14) profile with double punching or drilling of the faces (20) of the profile (13), (15) profile resulting from the heating of the area of the drills (21), of the profile ( 14), and subsequent shaping of the cup (22) by lateral embossing, (19) first end 30 of the profile (12), (20) face of the mouth (23), (21) orifice, (22) cup, ( 23) mouth at the end of the profile 

    (13), (24) neck, (25) second end of the profile (15), (26) profile after carrying out heating and flared operations of the second end (25) of the tube (15) to obtain the desired cup (27) , (27) oblate cup, (28) shape adopted by the oblate cup (27) when forming the profile (26), (31) profile of rectangular section and blunt edges and with the curved geometry obtained from the process of forming radii and geometry, (32) profile obtained from (31) after crushing the end (28) forming the crushed cup (29), (33) profile obtained from (32) when making holes (35) in the flattened cup (29), (34) crushed end mouth with holes (35), (35) holes, (36) right end, (37) profile end (31). Figure 1 is a diagram of the various operations comprising the process of making profiles for leaf springs of one or more arms. In the aforementioned case, the process of obtaining the tubular spring in one piece has been represented, by means of the representation of the profiles 20 resulting from the different operations of the process. Description of an embodiment of the invention In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the proposed procedure has been designed for the production of tubular profiles by means of already known operations except for the shaping of the peeled tube as an application, but whose combination is totally novel due to the results obtained with the corresponding advantages and, it comprises the following operations: - Verified from the section profile (10) 

    circular or similar for the detection of cracks. - Stripping of the starting profile (10) incorporating start cracks detected in the previous operation. - Cutting of the peeled profile (10) obtained by means of the operations prior to the necessary measures, resulting in the profile peeled and cut (11) according to the appropriate standards (11) with ends (19) and (25). - First shaping of the peeled and cut profile (11) 10 until obtaining a section of circular or similar type of variable thickness in its length, by means of forming with rollers resulting in the shaped profile (12). - Second conforming of the ends (19) and (25) of the shaped profile (12) as described to obtain mouths and / or collars in the case where the design requires it, consisting of one or several forging operations and stressing the shaped profile (12) with variable thickness, with opening 20 of a mouth (23) at one of the ends of the shaped profile (12), resulting in the forged profile (13). - Double punching or drilling of two bases or faces(20) faced, from the mouth (23) located at the end (19) with heating to facilitate the formation of the neck (24) of the cup (22) resulting in the profiles (15), (26), successively. These operations ensure a mirror finish of the end of the inside faces of the collars, eliminating the need for further machining. 30 - Heating the opposite end (25) to open the section of said end by upsetting for the 

    obtaining a flattened cup (27), resulting in the profile with a widened mouth (26). - Shaping of the profile with widened mouth (26) of circular section or similar transforming it into a profile of rectangular section or similar (31), 5 ensuring the curdling of rounded corners, so as to ensure the natural and homogeneous radius of the edges in All or part of the length of the profile and obtaining the required geometry of the crossbow. The manufacturing process object of the invention begins with the verification of the tubular profiles (10) of circular section or the like, served from a steelworks, both to guarantee the beginning of the constant thickness in the walls of said profile, as to detect the absence of cracks or in the case of existing the same to verify their nature and maximum depth, the nature of the material (composition) requested, in order to ensure that it is of the quality contracted and meets the specifications demanded . After the verification of the starting profiles (10) described above and by means of a peeling operation, a minimum thickness of 0.3 25 mm is eliminated. to ensure that no cracks exist, leaving the tubular profiles (10) to be cut to the necessary lengths of each standard. The cutting of the starting profiles (10) gives rise to the bare and cut tubular profiles (11) of 30 left (19) and right (25) ends, which are then subjected to a first operation of 

    formed with the aid of rollers, with which the diameter and / or thickness of the initial profile (11) is modified in its entirety or in part, in a variable manner in the longitudinal direction, resulting from all of this the shaped profile (12). Starting from the shaped profiles (12) and according to the specifications assigned to the pieces, a transformation of the ends (19) and (25) of said profile is required, by means of a second forming operation, according to the needs of each case, to obtain, for example, a mouth (23) at the right end with the corresponding collars (36), for which one or more forging and upsetting operations of the shaped profiles (12) are required, in order to obtain a greater opening of the said profiles. mouth (23) at said end (19), whose final result is the forged profile (13). The mouth or mouth (23) at one end (19) of the forged profile (13) for the subsequent coupling of a bearing surrounded by the corresponding bushing, can be obtained, as described above from a tube by a process conventional forming, which unlike conventional forming operations, requires an energy much lower than that required for a solid profile, as the hollow tube, while providing a sufficient tie, and weight comparatively much lower than that of the conventional solution, achieved by the formation of an eye resulting from the winding at said end. According to the destination of the forged profile (13) in addition to the mouth (23), the punching or drilling of said mouth (23) previously obtained at the end (19) can be required, for which a previous heating is necessary 

    around the holes (21) that allows by means of a process of drawing them applied on the facing faces (20) to form two cups (22) that have the collars (24), which provide the surface suitable for the subsequent fastening of the bearings. 5 as well as a cup (27) at the end (25) opposite the other end (19), resulting in a transformation of the profile configuration according to figures thereof (14), (15), (26). The embossing of the mouth (23) or embouchure for the formation of a widened end, for the coupling of a bearing, see profile of rectangular section (31) is carried out by a process of low forming and heating energy and, allows to obtain a final finish of the contact surface (circular skirt) or neck (24) that is not seen in figure 1, for the insertion of an integrated bearing and the corresponding bushing around said bearing without the need to add a machining operation. Analogously to that described in paragraph 20 above, the proposed solution makes it possible to integrate a cup-like enlargement (27) slightly flattened at the opposite end (25) of the widened mouth profile (26), for supporting and securing on top of said cup (27), after its successive conformations 25 (28), (29) and (34) of a cushion forming part of a pneumatic suspension system. Said cup (27) can be shaped for this purpose by low energy processes compared to those required in flattened solid profiles, since the widening of said cup (27) naturally expands by a final crushing operation the 

    material obtaining the cup (29) that is seen in the profile (32). The level of widening in the oblate cup (27) reached in the profiles (31) and successive allows to eliminate completely the plate that is incorporated between the crossbow and the cushion of a conventional spring. Being a thin-walled tubular section we refer to the cup (27) at the ends (25), any subsequent operation on the profiles (31) and successive allows obtaining deformations of low energy 10 transformation, to integrate all types of elements such as embossments, integration of threads and the like in said cup (27). In the case represented and preferably of the embodiment, the tube (26) is subjected to a process of austenitization, followed by a forming operation in a press, by means of tools specially designed to obtain the rectangular shape with radii of the cross sections until arriving at the profile (31) and on the other adopting its shape with the edges 20 rounded and without edges, of different measures (section) and wall thickness in a predetermined way in certain areas of the tube, being able to change its curvature according to can be seen in the rectangular section profile (31) gradually and by a punching or drilling later get the holes (35) in the cup (22) and fully flattened but leaving the mouth of the profile (28) slightly open. Starting from the profile (26) still cylindrical except for 30 at its ends in which the mouth (23) duly mechanized and the cup (27) has been configured, conforms 
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    in a totally new way, by means of the necessary tools changing the circular cross-section until obtaining the profile of rectangular section (31), whose cross-section is of rectangular configuration, with the right end (36) fully prepared to receive the bearing in the hole (22) enlarged. Parallel to the process represented, the tube after hot forming is introduced in a quenching bath, passing later to a tempering furnace to endow it with the final hardness, strength and ductility specified by the designer, obtaining an equal profile in geometry at (31). The rectangular section profile (31) is subjected once tempered to further forming operations 15 at its end (28) such as crushing the mouth (28) to form the cup (29) shown in the profile (32). In this operation, additional embossing and punching operations can be integrated as represented in the mouth (34) of the squashed mouth profile 20 (33). Finally, the crushed-mouth profile (33) is integrated with other operations such as peening, which can be carried out on the outside or on the outside and inside of (33), according to the durability requirements of the design. Subsequently, other operations can be incorporated, such as surface coating, assembly of components, etc. As a consequence of the nature of the above-described procedure, it is possible to divide the leaf spring into two sections, and be a product 
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    tubular obtained by the procedure recommended, for certain applications it would be possible to make part of the cold formed, with the consequent drastic reduction of the energy used in the shaping. 5 The process of transformation in cold, brings a considerable elevation of the mechanical properties, without the need to resort to a subsequent thermal treatment, except for the relief of tensions in a tempering furnace at low temperature. Having sufficiently described the present invention in correspondence with the appended figures, it is easy to understand that as many modifications as possible can be made therein, provided that the essence of the invention summarized in the following claims is not altered. 
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
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    image41 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS, a crossbow being formed by one or more arms, each arm manufactured from a tubular profile 5, characterized in that said method of manufacturing a profile comprises the following operations: - Verified profile (10) of circular section or the like for the detection of cracks 10 greater than 0.3 mm. - Stripping of the starting profile (10) for the elimination of possible cracks smaller than 0.3 mm. that can not be detected in the previous operation. 15 - Cutting of the peeled profile (10) obtained by the operations previous to the necessary measures resulting in the profile peeled and cut (11) with ends (19) and (25). - First shaping of the profile peeled and cut (11) by means of rollers, until obtaining a section of circular or similar type of variable thickness in its length, resulting in the shaped profile (12). - Second shape of the ends (19) and (25) of the shaped profile (12) to obtain mouths and / or 25 collars in the case where the design requires it, consisting of one or more forging and upsetting operations of the profile formed with variable thickness (12), with opening of a mouth (23) at one of the ends of the shaped profile 30 (12), resulting in the forged profile (13). - Double punching or drilling of two bases or faces (20) facing each other, from the mouth (23) located at the end (19) with subsequent heating around the holes (21) to facilitate the formation of the neck (24) of the cup (22) obtained by an embossing process resulting in the profile 5 drilled (15). - Heating the opposite end (25) to open the section of said end by an upset to form the widened and flattened cup (27), resulting in the profile with widened cup (26). - Shaping of the profile with widened cup (26) of circular section or similar transforming it into a profile of rectangular section or similar (31), this operation comprising a first process of austenization, followed by a forming operation in a press by means of special tools designed to, on the one hand, obtain curvatures along the crossbow and, on the other hand, adopt its final form of rectangular cross-section with rounded edges and without edges, of different measures (section) and wall thickness in a predetermined manner in certain areas of the tube. 2 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 1, characterized in that after the previous operation of shaping the profile of rectangular section (31) by a punching or drilling posterior 30 holes are obtained (35) in the cup (22) already fully flattened but leaving the mouthpiece of (28) slightly open, reaching the squashed mouth profile (33). 3 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time the profile of rectangular section (31) 5 after hot forming is introduced in a quench bath, passing subsequently to a tempering furnace to equip it with the final hardness, strength and specified ductility, obtaining the profile with the geometry of said rectangular section profile (31). 4 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that through the procedure to the profile of rectangular section (31), once tempered, 15 other successive operations are integrated therein, such as, the squashing of the enlarged mouth to form the squashed cup (29), increasing the area available for the support of the pneumatic cushion, as well as the possibility of integrating additional embossing and punching operations as represented in the crushed mouth (34) of the flattened mouth profile (33), or local squashes to locally seal the tubular section around the holes (35). 5 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 4, characterized in that other operations such as peening, which can be carried out on the outside or on the outside, are integrated by means of the process to the flattened mouth profile (33). exterior and interior, according to the durability requirements of the design. 6 - - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 5, characterized in that a surface coating operation or assembly of components is then incorporated in the blasting operations. 7 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that depending on the sections of the profiles the cold forming is performed in part of the operations. 8 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting profile (10), circular section or similar, is hollow. 9 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting profile (10), circular section or similar, is solid.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2677071B1|2018-12-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2018-07-27| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2677071 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20180727 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201630969A|ES2677071B1|2016-07-14|2016-07-14|PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS|ES201630969A| ES2677071B1|2016-07-14|2016-07-14|PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BALLESTAS|
    MA043577A| MA43577A|2016-01-04|2016-12-21|PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PROFILES FOR BLADE SPRINGS|
    EP16883490.1A| EP3401131A4|2016-01-04|2016-12-21|Method for producing profiles for leaf springs|
    PCT/ES2016/070924| WO2017118771A1|2016-01-04|2016-12-21|Method for producing profiles for leaf springs|
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