• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure of culture of marine species and platform for the implementation of said procedure. It is a floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, comprising two horizontal structures (1) and (2), the first of which is located superiorly and assisted by the corresponding floats (4) participating in it a plurality of main tubes (4) inside which feed tubes (5) run with outlets (6) accessing the lower structure (2), formed by a plurality of modules (7) of vertical cage groupings (9) at each one of whose modules accesses one of the power outputs (6). Each module (7) of vertical cages comprises a frame of soup (8) based on horizontal frames (10), polygonal, joined by vertical struts (11), being housed in said frame (8) the sections of cages (9) grouped together and superimposed vertically, with the ability to slide both upwards and downwards inside the respective frame (8). By means of the described platform it is allowed to alternate the feeding based on marine fouling and a more protein meal, thus optimizing the results. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2674125A1
    申请号:ES201830163
    申请日:2018-02-23
    公开日:2018-06-27
    发明作者:Isolino ALVAREZ FERNANDEZ
    申请人:Isolino ALVAREZ FERNANDEZ；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Procedure of culture of marine species and platform for the implementation of this procedure

    DESCRIPTION
     5
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

    The present invention relates to a process and a floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, whose obvious purpose is to constitute a habitat that allows to carry out the cultivation of certain marine species, so that production is maximized, all this with a simple structure that makes it easily implantable.

    The invention is applicable to the cultivation of all types of crustaceans, octopus and other species, being of special application in those species in which it is intended to use marine fouling as food and / or those that, due to their characteristics, must be bred in isolation or separated in groups with few individuals.

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 20

    The cultivation of some crustaceans, especially lobsters or lobsters, has been a long-pursued goal over time. Its high demand, low production and high commercial value has made it worthy of many cultivation initiatives. However, it has not been considered viable due to several bottlenecks. Among them are: 25

    - The high conversion rate and low growth rate of animals necessitates a high cost in food and maintenance for a long period of time.
     30
    - In addition, to obtain acceptable development, growth and survival rates, the food must contain a high percentage of very expensive proteins and nutrients (eg Astaxanthin).

    - Some types of lobsters, such as European, have a cannibalistic behavior, 35 so it is necessary to separate them into individual cages. If you want to cultivate industrially, thousands of cages are necessary, which greatly increases the investment and
    Operational costs

    - It also requires very high maintenance costs to avoid death by suffocation (due to fouling of the cages due to fouling) or illness (due to the accumulation of decomposing organic remains or the lack of sterilization in the food). Given the long investment in food and operating expenses, the higher the percentage of mortality, the lower the probability of achieving economic viability of the crop.

    Various ways to solve these problems have been explored, without fully satisfactory results so far.

    It is noteworthy the AquaReg initiative, developed in Ireland, UK and Spain, in which lobsters were deposited in containers on the seabed so that they were fed only with fouling. These algae and small marine organisms (mussel, barnacle, serpulids, 15 sponges ...) that colonize the cages contain various nutrients, active ingredients (bacteria, enzymes and hormones) and pigments such as astaxanthin that are a determining factor for growth and proper development of other marine species. With this single diet, moderate growth levels were obtained during the first months. However, fouling accumulated until the outside of the cages were clogged, which caused the death of a percentage of the animals. In addition, this type of diet has a low protein content. Due to this, it has been detected in other experiments that after two months there is a gradual physiological degradation, which causes a decrease in the growth rate as well as a high increase in mortality.
     25
    In Vietnam, there have been successful lobster fattening initiatives in bat. They are fed with discards of fish and crustaceans, with good results in terms of growth and profitability. However, the lack of sterilization in food caused diseases and mortality that caused production to drop. On the other hand, the cultivated species do not have a cannibal behavior like the European, being used to breed in 30 bats of which hang community cages, in which the food is decanted.

    Attempts have been made to cultivate European lobster in trays, some of them in Spain, but this route has been discarded since, although there are numerous and varied types of structures, they do not solve all the problems derived from large-scale cultivation. of the lobster and other species with similar needs, or have a complex structure that makes their cultivation economically unprofitable.

    In this regard, the invention patent WO 2013168147 can be cited, in which a floating platform for the cultivation of marine species consisting of two structures in combination with support floats is described and claimed.
     5
    The second structure is in a parallel plane below the first and comprises some collateral vertical modules inside which are vertically superimposed cages, which can ascend / descend vertically within the modules.
    This design is valid for the cultivation of fish, but not for species whose individuals must remain isolated or in cages with few individuals, since it presents several problems with respect to the proposed design, among which the following can be highlighted:

    - It has large community cages, not individual ones.
     fifteen
    - It has no division into sections that facilitates the cleaning and manipulation of the inside of the cages on the surface, as well as cleaning means that prevent the fall of the fouled debris from the cage walls to avoid its denseness. Both deficiencies cause an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. This means that this design is not suitable for installation in an area with high fouling concentration, and it is not possible to take advantage of its benefits in terms of increased growth, savings in food costs, or savings in operational costs derived from food in alternate days (which includes the combination of the crop with other species). Therefore, this design is not suitable for the cultivation of species that feed on fouling, especially crustaceans. 25

    - The feeding system is based on a feeding tube by decantation in a single cage. As a consequence, food waste is produced and a homogeneous dosage is not guaranteed to all individuals, resulting in lower degrees of growth in many of the animals. In addition, it has 30 electrical and mechanical elements, including a motor, which increases the chances of breakdown as well as maintenance costs. It also means an insurmountable increase in personnel costs, since the lack of an automated feeding system for thousands of cages would imply doing it by hand.
     35
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

    The procedure solves satisfactorily the problems that have made the cultivation of some types of species such as lobster or lobster unfeasible, as well as 5 of other species whose aquaculture poses similar problems. It is characterized by:

     Cultivation is done in a floating pan. Once there, the animals are grown in individual cages to prevent deaths from cannibalism or, in the case of non-cannibalistic species, in cages with few individuals to reduce stress and energy consumption caused by competition for food. In this way, the growth and survival of cultivated animals is optimized.

     Individual cages mean an increase in operational costs as well as the difficulty of distributing dosed food to each animal. For this reason, 15 the implementation of an automated feeding system that distributes food in a dosed form with the lowest possible cost, both installation and operational and fault prevention, is crucial.

     The procedure is based on the use of fouling as food. Since the 20 lobsters can feed the first months with fouling reaching moderate growths, it is possible to reduce the daily frequency of feeding to once every two days, feeding the lobsters with a more protein type meal one day in the form of pellets, knowing that the next day they will feed on the fouling that will supplement the diet with the other necessary nutrients. In this way, 25 advantages are achieved simultaneously:

    - Unlike the AquaReg initiative, in which fouling was used as the only food, this procedure achieves a balanced diet between proteins and other essential nutrients, which results in an increase in the levels of growth and survival, solving the problems from the previous diet.

    - Food in the form of pellets contributes to a better dosage, facilitates its storage and transport, and eliminates the risks of diseases due to lack of sterilization in the food as happened in Vietnam. 35

    - All this while lowering costs: On the one hand, expensive nutrients such as astaxanthin are contributed by fouling naturally. On the other, by programming the feeding every two days, it makes it possible to dedicate boat and crew to the cultivation of other species on the day off, achieving great savings in operational expenses. 5


     To favor the entry of fouling as well as the exit of waste that prevents unhealthiness, a circulation system is necessary. For this, aisles are established between the cages, leaving each of them with a side wall to a corridor. 10

     Since the higher the percentage of mortality, the lower the probability of achieving economic viability, it is necessary to implement a maintenance system that avoids the problems associated with the accumulation of fouling detected in previous experiences. To do this, two types of maintenance are established: 15

    - Surface maintenance. The animals eat the fouling inside the cages, but it progressively thickens the outer walls until it causes death by suffocation of the animals. To avoid this, a system is implemented to periodically remove fouling from the exterior walls. twenty

    - Deep maintenance. It is necessary to remove the remains of the molts as well as any other accumulation of decomposing organic remains, to minimize morbidity risks. For this reason, a rotary maintenance will be performed in which the inside of each of the cages is cleaned. 25


    Each of these characteristics is designed to serve a critical profitability in the form of increased survival, growth rate, savings in food and operating expenses. In this way, the combination of all the characteristics creates a synergy that provides technical and economic feasibility to the cultivation in bat of species that until now was considered unfeasible.

    The implementation of this procedure entails the use of the floating platform for the cultivation of marine species that is recommended. This is characterized because it is 35
    it constitutes by means of two types of structures associated with some support floats thereof, so that one of the structures is formed by a plurality of main tubes through which a plurality of feeding tubes run, with outlets through the tube corresponding main, and whose outlets are directed towards the second type of structure, this formed by a plurality of mesh cages that form 5 horizontal alignments below the alignments that form the main tubes, with the particular feature that the cage structure The mesh comprises in each horizontal alignment a series of frames based on horizontal frames at different heights or levels, joined together by vertical struts that run in correspondence with the vertices or corners of the horizontal frames, thus forming a frame in which they are housed with ascending and descending character, a series of cages grouped into sections forming the sum of sections in each case a module so that the plurality of modules that form each horizontal alignment are located under the different main tubes, with the outputs of the feeding tubes of these leading to each of the previous modules . fifteen

    The feeding tubes contained in the main tubes branch towards the alignments corresponding to the vertical structures of the mesh cages, complementing the set with the aforementioned floats for supporting the platform. twenty

    The tubes have an opening at the level of each cage they pass through, to deliver the food.

    More specifically, this network of tubes supports a set of 25 semi-rigid hoses that are launched from the ship and run through the tubes to the bottom of each module. Once there, you begin to release the food and climb slowly, distributing the food to the cages of each level as it rises.

    In this way several advantages are achieved simultaneously: 30

    - Guarantees the distribution of the appropriate dose of food to the animal of each cage. In this way, growth is favored and waste of food produced in normal feeding systems is avoided, based on decantation in shared cages. 35

    - There are no electrical or mechanical elements in contact with the sea. In this way, breakdowns by accumulation of saltpeter and fouling that interrupt the food supply are avoided.
     5
    - These elements are placed on the ship as part of the launching of the hoses and the pumping, which makes it possible to reuse them for feeding other trays. In addition, it avoids the installation of numerous risk elements such as valves. In a context in which thousands of cages have to be fed, it represents a great decrease in risk of damage and costs. 10

    - The accumulation of fouling in the tubes is also avoided, since this is expelled every time the hose passes. In this way, any breakdown or jamming that interrupts the power is prevented and maintenance costs are minimized.
     fifteen
    They also provide other design advantages:

    - The upper bases of the horizontal tubes provide a surface so that the operators can move above, to carry out the pressure jet of the outer walls of the cages, as well as to support the cage sections 20 when they are removed.

    - Since cages cannot be installed underneath, because they could not be hoisted to the surface, the water column under each horizontal row of pipes is used as a waterway, as well as to position the floats 25 longitudinally.

    This automation will make it possible to feed thousands of animal cages in a short space of time, during which operators perform maintenance work.
     30
    In this way it allows to combine its culture with other marine species that do not need daily care, achieving critical savings in operational costs.

    Each cage is individual to avoid problems of cannibalism, and ensure survival.
    The structure is also designed so that, in the case of non-cannibal species, it is 35
    It is possible to suppress separations between cages, to give rise to larger cages with few individuals, in order to reduce the stress and energy consumption caused by competition for the food produced when many animals live together. In turn, the cages are wrinkled in sections of manageable size, to facilitate maintenance.
     5
    Narrow horizontal gutters are arranged under the elbows of the bifurcations, adopting a parallel arrangement between each main tube structure and each horizontal alignment of modules.

    From this structuring, when eliminating the accumulated marine life in the 10 outer walls of the cages, in order to avoid the dense walls, it would be enough to lift the cages out of the scaffolding and project water under pressure on the themselves through a hose, so that since the gutters are linked to the cages removed, the debris would fall on them, preventing them from falling on the cages.
     fifteen
    The cage sections of the modules can slide independently of each other, both upstream and downstream, through corresponding “L” guides provided on the sides of the racks themselves. This, together with the manageable size of the sections, facilitates their extraction to the surface, in order to clean the organic remains inside each cage, thus minimizing the risks of disease. twenty
     On the other hand, each section of cages integrates a circular section of tube that crosses them vertically, in such a way that when these sections of cages are assembled the tube will also be assembled, all in such a way that when the assembly is divided into parts it is favored the manipulation extraction and the different sections of cages without having to remove a long tube each time you want to remove the sections for maintenance.

    Obviously, being the sections of independent cages and of reduced size, it can be said that in the set a division of sections is established that solves the 30 problems that could arise if a periodic cleaning was not done.

    This design allows to optimize the use of fouling, which makes the cultivation of crustaceans economically profitable. Thus, from this structuring, the lobsters or marine species in question can feed alternately 35
    through the system of feeding tubes and the fouling accumulated in their cages, reducing food costs and allowing the ship and crew responsible for such feeding to devote themselves to the cultivation of other species in those days that animals are expected to feed on fouling, achieving great savings in operational expenses.
     5
    On the other hand, the disposition of the cages in corridors defines a seawater circulation system that favors the fouling entrance and the waste exit to avoid unhealthiness, presenting all the cages a side that gives to the outside.

    Finally, and with regard to the lift system, as mentioned previously, the platform is supported by a series of floats located below the horizontal rows of tubes, and can be materialized in two different ways:

     Watertight closure. They are the majority and are placed in sufficient numbers to provide almost total buoyancy to the bat. fifteen

     Opening and closing at two ends. They incorporate valves to be able to inject air from the boat and expel the water from inside. In this way, you can make the bat emerge when the ship arrives, and sink it to the desired depth when it leaves. twenty

    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    To complement the description that will then be made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of said description is attached as an integral part of said description. planes where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
     30
    Figure 1 shows a general perspective view of a platform for marine species cultivation carried out in accordance with the object of the invention.

    Figure 2.- Shows a perspective and schematic view according to an exploded view of each of the modules corresponding to the mesh cage structures that participate in
    A marine platform.

    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
     5
    In view of the figures outlined, it can be seen how the floating platform for the cultivation of marine species object of the invention comprises two structures generally referenced with (1) and (2), structures that adopt a horizontal arrangement and intended to be submerged in water , being supported by floats (3), so that the structure (1) is formed by a plurality of main tubes (4) through the interior of which 10 run a plurality of feeding tubes (5), in such a way that the main tubes (4) are located in a horizontal plane, are parallel to each other and equidistant, with the particular feature that through each main tube (4) a plurality of outlets (6) emerge from the feeding tubes ( 5).
     fifteen
    The second structure (2), which is also located horizontally and below in a plane parallel to the structure (1) formed by the main tubes (4), is formed by modules (7), so that in each module participates a frame (8) and a plurality of sections of mesh cages (9), the frame (8) being formed by a series of frames (10) according to planes at different levels, that is to say at different heights but horizontally parallel 20 to each other, supported by their respective vertices to the vertical uprights (11) of said frames (8), forming a structure in which sections of mesh cages located superimposed and vertically are housed in an ascending and descending manner, to form in each case the respective module (7) with the frame (8).
     25
    Under the elbows of the bifurcations there are horizontal and narrow gutters (12) that adopt a parallel arrangement between each main pipe structure and each horizontal alignment of modules. These elements have the function of facilitating the exit of the residues that fall when the cages are hoisted for cleaning, preventing said residues from falling on other parts of the cages. 30

    The aforementioned modules (7) form horizontal alignments to determine the structure (2) that is located under the structure (1) of the main tubes (4), so that the outlets (6) of the feeding tubes (5) they are projected until each of the modules (7) described above is reached, that is to say they reach 35
    cages (9) that are mounted inside the racks (8) corresponding to the modules themselves (7).

    Finally, say that the modules are separated from each other by rods located along their structure, preventing them from colliding with each other, and by extension the cages, located 5 at proportional distances throughout the entire module, thus preventing the cages collide with each other due to oscillations caused by sea currents, while the column of water is left free under each row of main pipes (4) or horizontal structures (1), defining runners through which it circulates a current that expels the waste released from the cages. 10

    As stated previously, each section of cages integrates a circular section of feeding tube that crosses them vertically, so that when said sections of cages are assembled, the tube will also be assembled, all in such a way that when being dividing the assembly into parts, the manipulation and extraction of the different 15 sections of cages is favored without having to remove a long tube each time you want to remove the sections for maintenance.

    The feeding tubes have an opening at the level of each cage that they pass through, to deliver the food, so that in said network of tubes 20 semi-rigid hoses are inserted that are launched from the ship and run through the tubes to the bottom of each module , so that once the lower point is reached, the food begins to be released and slowly raised, distributing the food to the cages of each level as it rises without the need for metering mechanisms for each cage, which significantly simplifies the cost of installation. 25
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1st.- Procedure of cultivation of marine species, species housed in cages duly submerged in the sea, characterized in that it consists of combining food based on marine fouling and a more protein meal in an alternative feeding regime 5 that is implemented on a platform floating with a plurality of cages, and in which the following operational phases are defined:
    a) Through a circulation system, fouling is facilitated as a contribution of essential nutrients for the development of animals with a moderate growth rate.
    b) Through an automated feeding system, feed the animals with high protein food on alternate days.
    c) Carry out maintenance work every time the animals are fed, specifically, cleaning the fouling accumulated on the outer walls 15 of the cages to prevent it from becoming clogged and cleaning the organic debris accumulated in the cages.
    d) Cleaning of the waste generated in the cages by the circulation system itself.
     twenty
    2nd.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, characterized in that it is constituted from a series of structures (1) and (2) in combination with some support floats (3), the first structure (1) being formed by a plurality of main tubes (4), parallel and equidistant from each other, each of which houses within it a plurality of feeding tubes (5), projections at different levels of the main tubes (4) through outlets ( 6); having provided that in a parallel plane and located below that formed by the first structures (1), the second structures (2), formed by modules (7) of sections of vertical mesh cages, forming horizontal alignments under the tubes are mounted main (4), with the particularity that each horizontal alignment of mesh cages is formed by a plurality of modules (7) attached side by side, each module (7) accessing one of the outputs (6) of the feeding tubes (5) coming from the main tubes (4), it being provided that the feeding tubes have an opening
    at the level of each cage they pass through, feeding tubes (5) in which axially and selectively semi-rigid hoses for projection of the flow of food are movable.
    3.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, according to claim 2, characterized in that each module (7) of vertical mesh cages comprises a support frame 5 (8) based on horizontal frames (10), polygonal, supported by struts vertical (11) in correspondence with the corners of the polygons of these frames (10), the sections of cages (9) grouped together and superimposed vertically being housed in said frame (8), with the ability to slide both up and down in the inside of the respective frame (8). 10
    4th.- Floating platform for cultivation of marine species, according to claim 2, characterized in that between the structures (1) and (2) gutters (12) of waste drainage are mounted in the cages cleaning tasks, which run parallel to both structures below the joining elbows. fifteen
    5th.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the cage sections (9) of vertical meshes are separated from each other by unbreakable elastic rods.
     twenty
    6th.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, according to previous claims, characterized in that each section of cages integrates a circular section of feeding tube that crosses it vertically, so that when said sections of cages are assembled the tube is also assembled.
     25
    7th.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, according to claim 2, characterized in that the floats (3) are sealed.
    8.- Floating platform for the cultivation of marine species, according to claim 2, characterized in that the floats (3), have means of regulating their level of buoyancy.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019162543A1|2019-08-29|
    ES2674125B2|2018-11-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3815546A|1972-10-10|1974-06-11|E Plante|Lobster plant|
    US4007709A|1975-03-24|1977-02-15|Wishner Frederick B|Apparatus and process for raising lobsters|
    ES2315701T3|2003-09-26|2009-04-01|Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno|APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MOLLUSK BREEDING.|
    WO2013168147A1|2012-05-08|2013-11-14|Sea Control Holdings Ltd.|Offshore aquaculture system|CN111972333A|2020-09-08|2020-11-24|李安忠|Feed recovery aquaculture net cage and recovery method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2018-06-27| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2674125 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20180627 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830163A|ES2674125B2|2018-02-23|2018-02-23|PROCEDURE FOR CULTURE OF MARINE SPECIES AND PLATFORM FOR THE PRACTICE OF SUCH PROCEDURE|ES201830163A| ES2674125B2|2018-02-23|2018-02-23|PROCEDURE FOR CULTURE OF MARINE SPECIES AND PLATFORM FOR THE PRACTICE OF SUCH PROCEDURE|
    PCT/ES2019/070078| WO2019162543A1|2018-02-23|2019-02-13|Method for cultivating marine species and platform for implementing said method|
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