• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Modular telemanagement system of the vegetative state of crops and their water and nutrient consumption, where the irrigation of the crop plants is controlled, and variables such as evapotranspiration, soil conductivity, salinity and nutrients are analyzed and measured. in the water, or the evolution of the growth of the crop, with which it can determine the hydric consumption and of the nutrients of the crops, and adapt the frequency and quantity of the fertirrigación to the demands of the crop, in addition it also allows the remote supervision of the state of the cultivation by means of cameras; where the system has a container of samples of independent leached water, a modular container with probes for the analysis of nutrients, and where all the data is sent, in real time and telematically, to an electronic remote control unit. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2668210A1
    申请号:ES201830216
    申请日:2018-03-06
    公开日:2018-05-17
    发明作者:José Miguel MOLINA MARTÍNEZ；Juan Antonio NICOLÁS CUEVAS；Dolores Parras Burgos；Antonio Ruiz Canales
    申请人:Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche；Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    MODULAR TELEGESTION SYSTEM OF THE VEGETATIVE STATE OF CROPS AND ITS CONSUMPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS
    Field of the Invention
    The purpose of this patent is a modular telemanagement system through an electronic control unit that manages the irrigation and fertilizers provided during irrigation to crops, for which variables such as evapotranspiration, the conductivity of the crop are measured and analyzed. soil, salinity and nutrients in the irrigation and drainage water, as well as the evolution of the aerial and root growth of the crop, thus allowing an integral management of the crop.
    The system finds application in the field of irrigation techniques, fertilization and environmental pollution treatment. In particular, the system makes it possible to determine the water and nutrient consumption of crops on farms, and to adapt the frequency and quantity of fertirrigation to the demands of the crop, optimizing the consumption of water and nutrients, and avoiding environmental pollution. for excess salts and nutrients. Therefore, the field of application to which the present invention is directed is the agriculture sector, and more specifically it is included within the devices and systems of crop status management through an electronic irrigation control and analysis unit of different variables such as evapotranspiration or evolution of the growth of these crops.
    State of the art
    It is known within the agriculture sector that, in arid and semi-arid regions, the growing competitiveness for water resources is causing significant supply problems that mainly affect that sector. In addition, predictions about the effects of climate change in these regions predict a progressive worsening of the current situation. Therefore, one of the priority objectives in the management and management of water resources for irrigation should be the development and incorporation of new technologies that allow greater efficiency of water use and lower water consumption for the supply of water resources. crops.
    In this sense, in these arid areas with limited water resources, efficient management of irrigation water is of the utmost importance. Due to the importance of agriculture
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    Irrigation, low rainfall and salt water use, farmers should maximize the efficiency of use of irrigation water and, to this end, apply more efficient irrigation strategies and programming methods than those currently applied, based on measures Direct from the moisture and salinity content of the soil area explored by the roots, as well as other soil nutrients.
    Although there are different methods for measuring crop water requirements (direct methods: volumetric lysimeters, weighing lysimeters; indirect methods), weighing lysimeters are the most accurate and reliable, but are not used in commercial holdings due to their high cost. Weighing lysimeters are devices that are used in irrigation and cultivation techniques in order to study the variations in weight, drainage and water consumption experienced in a crop. The most widespread lysimeters on the market are those that are used in soil and require civil works for their installation, so they have a certain complexity and considerable economic investment in their installation. In addition, these are fixed installations that do not allow their transfer to other plots.
    The values provided by the lysimetry equipment allow to know the evapotranspiration of the crop, although to carry out the proper management of irrigation and fertilization it is also necessary to know the content of salts and nutrients in the soil so as not to decrease the yield of the crops and avoid contamination environmental by excess of them. To know these values, electrical conductivity sensors can be used in the case of salts, and sensors to control the levels of calcium, potassium and nitrates, in the case of nutrients from the cultivation soil.
    On the other hand, it is of great interest to monitor the state of the crop without being continuously present, having all the information collected in databases at the service of the user. The incorporation of a remote visual supervision of the state of the crop, in continuous, allows to study the evolution of the growth of the crop and help in the proper management of the same estimating the vegetal cover by means of digital photography techniques. The photographs can be obtained by remote sensing through periodic satellite images or drone flights, or directly through digital cameras on foot of the plantation. Accurate monitoring of crops using remote sensing techniques alone is not feasible due to the cost and dependence of other variables, such as weather conditions, considering the use of digital cameras at the bottom of the crop.
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    cheaper option.
    It is also known what is disclosed in document ES2565127 where a device for the management of plant irrigation is defined which comprises a container for cultivation, weighing means, means for collecting drained water, a control unit configured to activate the system of irrigation, solenoid valves for the entry and exit of the drained water, covering means, and a conductivity sensor. This document, although it can be considered as the closest in the state of the art, has a series of drawbacks that lie among others in that it does not solve the problem of containment of a land, does not allow the monitoring of crops to obtain data in situ , nor does it incorporate means to minimize the amount of fines in the drainage water; therefore, it does not solve the problem of real-time control and remote management of the values of a crop.
    Given the above problems, different disclosures are known, for example, the article "A Weighing Lysimeter for Evapotranspiration" by Dugas et al. where a weighing lysimeter is defined that serves as an external structure for the containment of the land that could be implemented in known systems. In the same way, different disclosures are known, such as the patent US2002167587 or the article "Development of a visual monitoring system for water balance estimation of horticultural crops using low cost cameras" of Gonzalez-Esquiva J M et al. where different artificial vision nodes are defined that can be implemented in a crop telemanagement structure. In addition, it can be considered that there are also solutions that allow to minimize the amount of fines in the drained water, such as the one disclosed in the article “Experimental set-up to continuously monitor water flow and solute transport in unsaturated large weighing lysimeters” of Inoue & Shimizu where a settling filter is explained, consisting of a double steel and ceramic filter for particle retention in lysimeters.
    Finally, what is disclosed by WO2010143134 is known, which refers to an irrigation control system comprising an active irrigation control unit when there is a detection of a certain predetermined water level, where the device operates using a crop without soil, therefore, the cultivation is by means of containers, and where there are sensors to determine the salinity of the water drained from each container. This patent incorporates the solution to analyze the salinity of water.
    In view of the solutions and background in the prior art, the
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    The present invention develops a new system that solves a problem not solved by any existing document in the state of the art, which is to provide continuously and in real time, the parameters of evapotranspiration, salinity and nutrients to manage and remotely monitor irrigation and the correct growth of a crop.
    Description of the invention
    The system defined below in the present invention consists of equipment that records the entry and exit of water and nutrients, in a controlled volume of soil. The amount of water supplied and drained is obtained by knowing the weight continuously; and, applying a water balance, the water requirements of the crop are determined at each instant. Since during the time in which irrigation occurs, there are two unknowns to be determined, it is necessary to measure the amount of water provided independently to the weight register, for which high-precision flowmeters are incorporated. The input and output nutrients are measured by sensors incorporated in the equipment that allow to know the input and output values, obtaining, by means of a balance, the nutrients retained in the soil and extracted by the plant in real time or in the time interval considered.
    All values are registered in situ and sent by telemetry to a server, where they are processed and made available to the user, allowing remote management of the entire process. The determination of the depth and volume of soil that the roots occupy at each moment and, therefore, where water and nutrients should be provided, is determined by algorithms based on digital photography. On the other hand, the use of the cameras incorporated into the equipment allows remote monitoring of the vegetative state of the crop and possible alterations that may occur. In addition, the system allows the extraction of samples of leached water for the quantification of the nitrate content of the soil, the level of salinity, pH, or others.
    The data is collected in remote electronic equipment for data acquisition and control (datalogger, programmable controllers, compact controllers, etc.) programmed with the algorithms that allow the storage and transmission of data in the planned time, the calculation of evapotranspiration and Control of solenoid valves. For this purpose own equipment developed for this purpose is used.
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    It should be borne in mind that, throughout the description and the claims, the term "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics or additional elements. In addition, in order to complete the description and to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, a set of figures and drawings is presented, where the following is illustrated and not limited to:
    Fig. 1 .- Shows an axonometric view of the assembly of the modular telemanagement system parts, in real time, of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients.
    Fig. 2 .- Shows an exploded axonometric view of the assembly of the system parts: the support structure of the vision node, the culture vessel, the containment structure of the surrounding terrain and the base structure, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    Fig. 3.- It shows an exploded longitudinal section of the modular telemanagement system, in real time, of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients of the crops, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    Fig.4.- It shows a cross section of the modular telemanagement system, in real time, of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients of the crops, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    To do this, taking into account the figures, the present invention proposes a modular telemanagement system, in real time, of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, comprising:
    - a culture vessel (1) that allows the collection of the drainage water, a containment structure (2) of the surrounding land, a container for collecting the drained water (3) by the culture vessel; a weighing system of the culture vessel (8) and a weighing system (9) of the water collection vessel drained by the culture vessel; a base structure (5) for system leveling and load transmission to the ground;
    - a container for evacuation (6) of drained water from the outdoor culture vessel, and for the drainage of rainwater and infiltration and a container for collecting samples (7) of the leached water located inside;
    - weighing means (8) of the culture vessel located under the culture vessel (1), of
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    so that the weight of the culture vessel rests on them;
    - an electronic control unit configured to activate the system that allows the irrigation of the horticultural plantation in the crop container (1) until the first weighing means (8) register a weight reduction equal to the weight of the water consumption obtained. The control unit is the same for the whole set. The decrease and increase in weight is carried out by load cells or equivalent sensors. During the period of time in which irrigation occurs, the control unit measures evapotranspiration with an external flowmeter as the difference between weight gain and the amount of water provided, and in the event that irrigation occurs in excess, this excess is detected by increased drainage;
    - weighing means (9) of the water collection vessel drained by the culture vessel located on a structure (4) under the surface of the culture vessel, so that the weight of the culture vessel hangs from them;
    - a motorized valve (10) to control the emptying of the culture vessel;
    - a motorized valve (11) for controlling the emptying of the collection container of the drained water from the culture vessel;
    - a submersible water suction micro-pump (12) for the extraction of water from the drained water collection vessel (3) to the sampling vessel (7);
    - the extraction of water from the drained water collection vessel (3) to the sampling vessel (7) can also be done by an arrangement of tanks that pour by gravity or difference in elevation;
    - a tube (13) for the discharge of leached water extracted from the collection container of the drained water (3) to the sampling container (7);
    - a motorized valve (14) to control the emptying of the sampling vessel;
    - a settling filter (15) to reduce the content of fines that could pass through the geotextile sheet located at the bottom of the culture vessel. This filter is located in the leached water outlet of the culture vessel (1);
    - a leveling system (16) of the culture vessel (1), consisting of height adjustable leveling screws;
    - a leveling system (17) of the containment structure of the surrounding terrain, consisting of height adjustable leveling screws;
    - a modular container (18) with probe system for continuous and real-time measurement of the leached water from the culture vessel, where these probes detect nutrient-related values such as nitrates, nitrites, phosphates or others;
    - pipes (20) for extracting leached water from the sampling vessel to the container
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    modular probe system; where extraction can be implemented with at least one pump, either independent or shared, controlled by solenoid valves;
    - pipes for ventilation inside the system (19);
    - an inspection window (21) inside the system;
    - removable stirrups (22) for the assembly and disassembly of the culture vessel and the containment structure of the surrounding land;
    - an artificial vision node (23) for remote monitoring of crop evolution and support structure (24) of the artificial vision node;
    - an adjustable surface consisting of a system for adapting the root depth of the crop;
    - a flow meter at the entrance of the irrigation system (27) that allows the flow rate to be read on the culture vessel (1);
    - a flow meter at the outlet of the irrigation system (28) that allows the flow rate to be read on the culture vessel (1); Y
    - an electrical conductivity sensor (29) inside the culture vessel, which allows the evaluation of soil salinity, by sending the information to an external datalogger; Y
    - a control unit configured to activate the irrigation system for an additional time depending on the electrical conductivity of the soil contained in the culture vessel (1) detected by the electrical conductivity sensor (29).
    There may be one or several sampling tanks to perform different analyzes of the leached water, differentiating each one by periods of time or other characteristics. It is also noted that the extraction of water from the drained water collection vessel (3) to the sampling vessel (7) can be done by an arrangement of tanks that pour by gravity or elevation difference by means of a pipe (26). Also, as already advanced, there is the option that the way of extracting water from the sampling vessel to the modular vessel of the probe system can be done by an independent pump or a pump shared and controlled by solenoid valves.
    The system has the peculiarity of being able to provide jointly, in real time and in a manageable way remotely, the values of evapotranspiration, salinity and nutrients. To this end, as just described, the system incorporates a separate and independent leached water sample container (7), to which the leaching water is delivered from the drainage water container (3), and from which Samples can be automatically extracted for automated analysis in a modular container (18) with probes, all managed
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    by means of an electronic control unit, with which the technical effect of allowing a continuous measurement in real time of the nutrients present in the leached water combined with the weight measurements of the drainage container necessary to establish the water balance is produced. Specifically, the values of salinity, temperature and electrical conductivity by means of the electrical conductivity sensors (29); evapotranspiration with weighing means (8) and (9); and the different nutrient values with the probes of the modular container (18), all being managed by means of the electronic control unit. Therefore, the system allows to obtain continuously, and in real time, the parameters of evapotranspiration, salinity and nutrients to remotely manage the irrigation of the crop.
    Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention
    In Figures 1 to 4 a preferred embodiment of the invention is observed, and then, according to said figures, a way of putting said invention into practice and its operation in relation to the quantification of the water demand of the crop is explained, the quantification of the nutrients, and the remote supervision of the crop by means of artificial vision.
    The system comprises a first structure for the containment of the land (2), a container containing a portion of the plantation of the horticultural crop (1), a base structure (5) supporting the ground, and a structure (24) with an artificial vision node (23). The base structure (5) contains an open box at the bottom with perforations in the bottom surface that allows the drainage of drained water from the culture vessel (1), the increase of the water table or intense rainfall. It also incorporates weighing means (8) that measure the weight of the culture vessel (1) positioned inside the structure for the containment of the land (2); and weighing means (9) of the collection container of the drained water from the culture vessel are constituted by load cells or equivalent sensors.
    The upper level of the culture vessel (1) and the upper level of the containment structure of the surrounding land (4) are at ground level, the culture vessel (1), the containment structure of the surrounding land (2) being buried ), the weighing means (8) of the culture vessel, the drained water collection container (3), the weighing means (9) of the drained water collection container, the drainage container (6) of the drained water from the outdoor culture vessel and the container for collecting samples of leached water (7).
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    Additionally, the system comprises a container for collecting drained water (3) from the culture vessel held with a weighing medium by the ground containment structure. It also has an electronic control unit configured to activate the system that allows the irrigation of the horticultural plantation in the crop container (1) until the first weighing means (8) register a weight reduction equal to the weight of the water consumption obtained and a control unit configured to activate the irrigation system an additional time depending on the electrical conductivity of the soil contained in the culture vessel (1). The system also has a settling filter (15) to reduce the content of fines that could pass through the geotextile sheet inside the culture vessel (1). This filter is placed at the outlet of the drained water from the culture vessel (1) and supports a motorized valve (10) to control its emptying.
    Facing the definition of the hydraulic elements of the system, this comprises a first solenoid valve (10) configured to enable the entry of the water drained by the culture vessel (1) into the collection vessel of the drained water from the culture vessel (3 ), the solenoid valve being in communication with the control unit; and a second solenoid valve (11) configured to enable the emptying of the drained water collection container (3) from the culture vessel, where said second drain solenoid valve (11) is in communication with the control unit; a hydraulic system to extract the leached water from the drained water collection container (3) and pour it into the sampling container (7) without interfering with any element ensuring the accuracy of the data of the weighing means (9); a drained water control system from the culture vessel (1) to the drainage vessel (3) and the management of the water leached by this system for its evacuation from the drained water collection vessel (3) and the container for the sample collection (7); and a modular container (18) with a set of probes that analyze the water continuously and in real time, sending data in an automated way, and pipes (20) that extract the leached water from the sample container (7).
    Additionally, the system comprises means for superiorly covering the part between the culture vessel (1) and the perimeter edge of the containment structure of the surrounding land (2); a depth adjustable system inside the culture vessel (1) that is positioned according to the root needs of each crop; and a window (21) positioned in the ground containment structure (2) to inspect the interior of the system; allows visually check the independence of the
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    water collection container drained (3) by the culture vessel (1), so that it does not interfere with other elements by altering the measurements obtained with the weighing medium (9).
    Regarding the quantification of the water demand of the crop, the flow meters located at the entrance (27) and the exit (28) of the irrigation system record the flow through the irrigation system and send the information to a data logger, commonly denominated within the technology sector as a datalogger. The culture vessel (1) is disposed on the weighing means (8) quantifying the variation in the weight of the cultivation land due to percolated water and evapotranspirated water, sending the information to a datalogger. A motorized valve (10) is used to control the emptying of the culture vessel. For adaptation to different types of crops, the culture vessel (1) contains a depth adjustable system that is positioned according to the root needs of each crop. The collection container of the drained water from the culture vessel (3) is arranged hanging from the weighing means (9) quantifying the variation in weight due to the percolated water, sending the information to a datalogger. A motorized valve (11) is used to control the emptying of the collection container of the drained water (3) from the culture vessel. The evapotranspiration of the crop is determined from the information sent to the datalogger. The container for drainage of drained water from the outdoor culture vessel, and for the drainage of rainwater and infiltration (6), becomes operational if the water exceeds a previously established height. Water is extracted through the base structure for system leveling and load transfer to the ground (5). During the assembly phase, the leveling system of the culture vessel (16) allows the load to be distributed evenly over the load cells or equivalent sensors. After commissioning, the base structure (5) allows the leveling of the system against possible differential seats. The removable stirrups (22) allow easy assembly and disassembly of the culture vessel (3) and the containment structure of the surrounding terrain (2). The inspection window inside the system (21) makes it possible to visually check the independence of the drainage water collection container (3) by the culture vessel (1), so that it does not interfere with other elements by altering the measurements.
    On the other hand, for the quantification of nutrients, an electrical conductivity sensor (29) is housed in the culture vessel (3) that allows the soil salinity to be evaluated, sending the information to a datalogger. The container for collecting the drained water from the culture vessel (3) has a submersible water suction pump (12) and a tube (13) for the discharge of leached water extracted from it to the
    sample container of leached water (7). This operation can also be carried out by a distribution of deposits so that they can be poured from one to another by gravity or elevation difference. Pipes (25) for leached water extraction allow them to be collected for transfer to the laboratory and subsequent analysis in a laboratory. A motorized valve 5 (14) is used to control the emptying of the container for the collection of samples of leached water (7). For a continuous and real-time measurement, a system consisting of a modular container with a set of probes (18) with which the water is automatically analyzed, and tubes (20) through which it is coupled is coupled extract the leached water from the sample container (3). All data is sent to a datalogger.
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    As for the remote monitoring of the crop by artificial vision, the support structure (24) of the artificial vision node (23) allows the capture of images of the culture vessel (1). The images are sent to a data acquisition system in the cloud to perform remote monitoring of the state of the crop, just as the electronic control unit 15 comprises vision algorithms from the treatment of digital images obtained to know the root depth of the crop
    It must be taken into account, as previously mentioned, that the previously described datalogger is included in the electronic control unit, therefore, 20 from said electronic control unit can be obtained continuously, and in real time , the parameters of evapotranspiration, salinity and nutrients to remotely manage crop irrigation.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
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    1 Modular telemanagement system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, comprising a container containing a portion of the horticultural crop plantation (1), a container for collecting the drained water (3) by the container culture and a settling filter (15) between them; and a container for evacuation (6) of the water drained for the drainage of rainwater and infiltration; where in the culture vessel (1) and in the collection container of the drained water (3) there are respectively weighing means (8-9) that together with flow meters (27-28) quantify the variation of the weight of the land and quantification of crop water demand; where an electrical conductivity sensor (29) that evaluates salinity is housed in the culture vessel (3); and where the system has an artificial vision node (23) for remote monitoring of the visual evolution of the crop, the node being supported on a support structure (24), and a remote control unit configured to activate the system of irrigation and that allows the treatment of digital images; in which the system is characterized by also comprising:
    - a system for extracting leached water from the drained water collection container (3) consisting of a submersible suction micro-pump (12) and a tube (13) for pouring said leached water into a sample container (7) , which is an independent vessel;
    - a modular container (18) with a set of probes that continuously and automatically analyze the nutrient data of the water coming from the leaching water collection container (7), which is extracted by means of tubes (20 ) that both vessels communicate; Y
    - where the electrical conductivity sensor (29), the weighing means (8-9), and the probes of the modular container (18) send in real time and in a telematic way the data obtained to a datalogger included in the control unit system electronics
    [2]
    2. - Modular telemanagement system of the vegetative state of the crops and the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that the sample collection container (7) is located inside the container of evacuation (6).
    [3]
    3. - Modular telemanagement system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the container for the collection of samples (7) there are pipes (25) for leached water extraction that allows collecting samples for transfer to the laboratory and subsequent analysis in a
    laboratory.
    [4]
    4. - Modular remote management system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that the water extraction
    5 of modular container (18) is implemented with at least one pump controlled by solenoid valves.
    [5]
    5. - Modular telemanagement system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that the water discharge
    10 leaching into the sample container (7) is by gravity or difference in elevation.
    [6]
    6. - Modular remote management system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that a motorized valve (14) is available to control the emptying of the container for the collection of samples
    15 of the leached water (7).
    [7]
    7. - Modular remote management system of the vegetative state of the crops and of the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighing means (9) of the drained water collection container (3) that they send the information to the datalogger
    20 consist of load cells.
    [8]
    8. - Modular remote management system of the vegetative state of the crops and the consumption of water and nutrients, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic control unit comprises programmed algorithms for the calculation of evapotranspiration, the
    25 image treatment and activation of the irrigation system.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2668210B2|2018-11-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4015366A|1975-04-11|1977-04-05|Advanced Decision Handling, Inc.|Highly automated agricultural production system|
    US20020167587A1|2001-05-10|2002-11-14|E.C.R Corporation|Monitoring system|
    WO2010143134A1|2009-06-09|2010-12-16|Gil Rothem|Apparatus for irrigating plants|
    US20170181391A1|2010-10-13|2017-06-29|Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University|Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto|
    ES2565127A1|2014-09-29|2016-03-31|Universidad Politecnica De Cartagena|System of quantification of water balance for irrigation system of plants grown in pot. |
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    ES201830216A|ES2668210B2|2018-03-06|2018-03-06|MODULAR TELEGESTION SYSTEM OF THE VEGETATIVE STATE OF CROPS AND ITS CONSUMPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS|ES201830216A| ES2668210B2|2018-03-06|2018-03-06|MODULAR TELEGESTION SYSTEM OF THE VEGETATIVE STATE OF CROPS AND ITS CONSUMPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS|
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