• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Mini-turbine (100) to be installed in gas ducts to collect electrical energy from the kinetic energy of the fluid that passes through it. The mini-turbine (100) has a rotor (130) having a series of vanes (131) between a hub (132) and a closing ring (133). The rotor (130) is single piece. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2667562A1
    申请号:ES201631433
    申请日:2016-11-10
    公开日:2018-05-11
    发明作者:Borja POZO LARROCHA；Adriana SERRAS MALILLOS；Erlantz FERNÁNDEZ DE GOROSTIZA LÓPEZ DE VIÑASPRE
    申请人:Fundacion Tekniker；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    image 1
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    131 Blades
    132 Cube
    133 Seal Ring
    140 Ring holder
    Dia Inside diameter of the ring holder
    Outside diameter of the ring holder
    e Thickness of the ring holder
    Gives housing diameter
    Dm Magnetic diameter or diameter of magnets
    L Length of magnets Description of an embodiment of the invention
    Figure 1 shows an axial section of the mini-turbine 100 of the invention. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate a rear and front perspective, respectively, of the mini-turbine 100 of the invention. The mini-turbine 100 is formed by a mini-turbine body and an electro-magnetic generator of the mini-turbine.
    The mini-turbine 100 comprises several elements, which are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. A first aerodynamic part 110 comprises two bodies 12, 14 and is arranged along a rotation axis 1. The input body 12 is disposed at the front of the rotation axis 1, while the output body 14 is arranged at the rear of the rotation axis 1. The output body 14 reduces its section as it moves away from the rotation axis 1, until finish practically on one end. Hence the definition of the first piece 110 formed by bodies 12, 14 as "aerodynamics." The rounded outer shape of the input body 12 also provides the first aerodynamic part 110. The rotation shaft 1 is mounted on two bearings 2 (one bearing 2 is at one end of the rotation axis 1 in which the inlet body 12 is located, and another bearing 2 is at the opposite end of the rotation axis 1, in which the outlet body 14) is located. Connected to each bearing 2 is a thrust and alignment piece 4; the thrust and alignment piece 4 is adjusted by the thrust thread 3; the thrust thread 3 is subsequently placed to the thrust and alignment parts 4 on both sides of the axis of rotation 1 and is accessible by dismantling the inlet body 12 and the outlet body 14. The bearings 2 allow a rotation of the rotor 130 , that is to say, of the axis of rotation 1 with respect to its support points, when the rotor 130 is driven by the flow of fluid that passes through the mini-turbine 100. The thrust threads 3 and the thrust and alignment parts 4 allow the pivot axis bearing points withstand an axial thrust exerted on them by the incident flow on the rotor 130. The thrust and alignment parts 4 also allow an alignment of the rotor 130, through the axis of rotation 1, with the gondola , or second aerodynamic part 120.
    The second aerodynamic part 120 (gondola or fairing) of the mini-turbine 100 comprises a first front body 11 and a second rear body 13. The second part 120 has a substantially cylindrical shape, open at its ends to allow an entry and exit of fluid through the mini-turbine 100. The longitudinal axis of the second part 120 coincides with the axis of rotation 1. The second rear body 13 It has a thickness that decreases as it moves away from the first front body 11, so that the rear end of the second rear body 13 (the furthest end of the first front body 11) is very sharp. That is, at its rear end, the second rear body 13 reduces its thickness so that the end of the inner surface joins the end of the outer surface, thereby forming a conduit that increases in cross-section in the direction of flow, that is, it forms a divergent conduit. Hence the definition of piece 120 formed by bodies 11, 13 as "aerodynamics." The rounded outer shape of the first front body 11 also gives the piece 120 aerodynamic character.
    The mini-turbine 100 comprises a series of bearing elements that constitute, together with the axis of rotation 1, the resistant components of the mini-turbine 100. These bearing elements form a block that serves to connect other components of the mini-turbine 100 The elements that make up the block are the following: connection elements 10, disk-shaped, mounted on housings 9, substantially cylindrical. The housings 9, arranged one after the other in the axial direction, house between them the PCB printed circuit 15. Auxiliary elements collaborate with the connecting elements 10 and the housings 9 to maintain the cohesion of the package. These auxiliary elements are clamps 16 that exert an axial compression between the connection elements 10 to ensure the compactness of the package in which the housings 9 are compressed by the connection elements 10 thanks to the action of the clamps 16. Other auxiliary elements , the alignment pins 8, help in the correct positioning of the elements for the subsequent securing of each other thanks to the clamps 16. That is, the clamps 16 provide the axial stiffness frame and the alignment pins 8 allow a assembly with axial alignment of different frame components.
    It can be said that these bearing elements comprising the connecting elements 10, the housings 9, the clamps 16 and the alignment pins 8 constitute the central core of the second aerodynamic part 120, since they are located in the part of the mini-turbine 100 surrounding the rotor 130. In fact, as can be seen in Figures 1, 5A, 5B and 31A, the contour of the connecting elements 10, the housings 9, the clamps 16 and the alignment pins 8 is exposed to the fluid flow where the mini-turbine 100 is installed (the clamps 16 and the alignment pins 8 on the outer surface of the second aerodynamic part 120).
    Within the bearing block, the housings 9 join or assemble the first aerodynamic part 110 with the second aerodynamic part 120. The housings 9 thus establish the relationship between the first part 110 and the second part 120, which remain fixed between yes using the connection elements 10.
    On the other hand, the connecting elements 10, on one side facing the housings 9 are fixed to the housings 9. On the opposite side, the connecting element 10 placed towards the entrance of the mini-turbine 100 comprises fixing means for supporting the first body 110 while the connecting element 10 placed towards the outlet of the mini-turbine 100 comprises fixing means to support the second body
    13.
    Likewise, the housing 9 placed towards the entrance of the mini-turbine 100 comprises, in the central area corresponding to the axis of rotation 1, fixing means for supporting the input body 10 while the housing 9 placed towards the exit of the mini - Turbine 100 comprises, in the central area corresponding to the axis of rotation 1, fixing means for supporting the outlet body 12.
    The above elements form the body of the mini-turbine 100. The mini-turbine 100 also comprises a generator. The generator comprises a plurality of magnets 6 and a printed circuit or PCB 15, illustrated in Figures 1, 6A and 6B. In a possible, non-limiting embodiment, the generator comprises 64 magnets 6. On the printed circuit or PCB 15, coils 15 'configured to conduct electricity are integrated or implemented. The 15 'coils are preferably copper. Copper is the best material to use, due to its good characteristics to collect magnetic field and its usual use in manufacturing. However, another material such as silver could also be used, which is a better electrical conductor, but more difficult to manufacture. Following the generator's explanation, the elements involved in the generation of a current intensity
    originating in the rotation of the rotor 130 are the magnets 6, which rotate when the rotor 130 rotates, and the coils 15 ’, static in
    the printed circuit or PCB 15 and the ring 7 that is attached to the magnets 6.
    Preferably, the printed circuit or PCB 15 is positioned equidistant between the two cages 5 (where the magnets 6 are housed) in the vicinity of the magnetic field. The electrical current induced on the PCB
    15, specifically in the coils 15 ’, generated by the movement of the rotor 130, can be used for various
    uses, such as the power of wireless communication devices, temperature sensors etc.
    Once the basic configuration of the generator is seen, the basic configuration of the mini-turbine 100 is then detailed. The operation of the mini-turbine 100 is based on taking advantage of the rotary movement of the rotor 130 to cause a variable magnetic field. In particular, in the operation of the mini-turbine 100, when the rotor 130 is rotating, the rotary movement of the magnet holder rings 140 occurs since the magnet holder rings 140 are arranged on the periphery of the rotor 130 as can be seen in the figure 1. Rotating the magnet holder rings 140 causes a variable magnetic field. The generated magnetic field is variable because the magnet holder rings 140 have, in their most peripheral part, that is, in their part furthest from the axis 1, the magnets 6 of the generator. These magnets 6 describe a circular movement as part of the rotor 130 which is rotated by the flow of a fluid that passes through the mini-turbine 100 (the fluid can be a gas, which can be the supply of a house or the air of an air conditioning duct). The existence of a variable electromagnetic field induces an electric current in the coils 15 ′ arranged in the PCB printed circuit 15 of the stator. As indicated above, PCB printed circuit 15 is positioned equidistant between the magnet carrier rings 140 in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic field.
    In order to maximize the energy generated, it is necessary to minimize the losses that can be produced by several routes: (i) friction caused by relative movement between elements, (ii) reluctance in the magnetic circuit caused by the mass of air between the magnets 6 and the 15 'coils and (iii) eddy currents (or parasites) that can adversely affect the electrical intensity generated in the 15' coils. The structure
    of the mini-turbine 100 seeks the best balance between the maximization of the energy generated and the viability in terms of manufacturing, assembly and installation of the mini-turbine 100.
    Next, the electro-magnetic generator of the mini-turbine 100 is described in detail, in accordance with a possible implementation of the invention. The electro-magnetic generator comprises the following main elements: two magnet holder rings 140 respectively, configured to generate a magnetic flux / field
    variable and a printed circuit (PCB) 15 having a plurality of coils 15 ’, preferably copper,
    configured to generate an electric current induced by the variable magnetic field. Figures 6A and 6B show several of these components.
    As indicated, the magnet holder rings 140, are integral to the rotor 130, form a circular crown on the periphery of the rotor 130, and house a plurality of magnets 6 which, when rotated, generate a variable magnetic flux on the stator where it is placed PCB printed circuit 15. The arrangement of magnets 6 is set forth below and is also shown in Figures 7A and 7B:
    - The magnets 6 in light gray and dark gray have opposite polarity to generate an alternating magnetic flux when turning.
    - The magnets 6 facing the two magnet holder rings 140 have the same polarity so as not to cancel the magnetic field in the center.
    The magnet holder rings 140 comprise three elements: magnets 6, cages 5 and rings 7. Figures 7A and 7B show part of the structure of the magnet holder rings 140 respectively: in light gray and dark gray the magnets 6 are represented, the cages 5, and the rings 7.
    The ring 7 is configured to ensure the permanence of the magnets 6 in their cavities of the cages 5, which is very important at high rotation speeds, of the order of 10,000rpm, while maintaining easy disassembly / assembly in case of require changing magnets 6.
    A prototype of the mini-turbine 100 has been designed with the following characteristics:
    The cages 5 have an outside diameter of 27.7mm, an inside diameter Di 22.7mm, a thickness of 1mm and have 32 housings of 2mm in diameter Da housing. The mini-turbine 100 has a maximum outside diameter D of 32mm. The housings are distributed in an equidistant manner, and located in the average diameter of the holder rings 140.
    The mini-turbine 100 comprises a total of 32 magnets 6 (therefore 16 poles) that can be NdFeB (grade 50H) for each cage 5. The magnets 6 have a cylindrical or disk shape. The magnets 6 have a magnetic diameter Dm of less than 8mm, preferably less than 6mm, more preferably less than 4mm. In the prototype of the invention, its diameter is 2mm. As for the length, the magnets have a length less than 4mm, preferably less than 3mm, more preferably less than 2mm and still more preferably less than 1.4mm. According to a possible embodiment, the length of the magnets is 1mm.
    Although with larger magnets (2mm) a larger magnetic field is generated and, therefore, a greater electric flow also in the coils 15 ', increasing the total length of the mini-turbine 100 can cause problems in the rigidity of the same . The described embodiment seeks the balance between the size of the magnets 6 and the magnetic field generation.
    The cages 5 are the mechanical element of the magnet holder rings 140 comprising a disc with holes to house the magnets 6. The cages 5 respectively, must be of non-magnetic material so that there are no magnetic losses due to hysteresis and induced currents, that is , by Foucault currents. Although a magnetic material can provide value when the field is to be directed in a specific way, in the case of the invention, it is the magnets 6 together with the ring 7 that are responsible for channeling said magnetic flux in the axial direction of the mini-turbine 100. Figure 8A shows the effect of the ring 7 on the magnetic field versus an embodiment without a ring illustrated in Figure 8B.
    On PCB 15 printed circuit:
    - The overall geometry of the PCB 15 printed circuit is conditioned by the overall design of the mini-turbine
    100
    - The PCB 15 printed circuit may comprise two materials: an insulator (FR4) and a conductor (Cu).
    - The generation of electrical energy depends on the design of the PCB 15 printed circuit: thickness of the materials, both of the insulating material and the conductive material, spacing between coils 15 ', structure / arrangement / shape of coils 15', type of connection between the 15 'coils to form a
    single phase circuit or three phase circuit.
    - The dimensions of the PCB 15 printed circuit are defined in order to achieve the integration of the mechanical part with the PCB 15 printed circuit, in addition to obtaining the maximum possible energy from the electromagnetic field generated by the magnet holder rings 140.
    The number of coils 15 'on each of the faces of the PCB 15 printed circuit is defined by the number of magnets 6 according to the 3 to 2 ratio (3 phases, 2 magnetic poles), so the total number of coils in each one of the faces in an embodiment of the invention will be 48. Figures 9A and 9B represent the phases with empty circles and the magnetic poles with solid circles. Figure 9A shows the 3 to 2 ratio (3 phases, 2 magnetic poles). Figure 9B shows a section of the mini-turbine 100 illustrating a plurality of phases and magnetic poles. Figure 9C shows the three phases generated.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the generator is single phase. The single phase generator comprises winding coils 15 ’as illustrated in Figure 10B. The 15 ’coils are connected in series with each other and the two sides of the generator are connected outside, which make this design easier and cheaper to manufacture. Figures 10A and 10B show, respectively, a single-phase generator and a detail of the representation of the winding coil 15 ’.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the generator is three phase. The three-phase generator contains 15 ’square spiral coils that make this configuration more complex but much more efficient. The 15 ’coils
    They are connected in series on the same side and in parallel with those on the other side of the generator. In addition, the 15 'coils are connected three by three to obtain the three phases of the signal. Figures 11A and 11B show, respectively, a three-phase generator and a detail of the connection of the rectangular spiral coils.
    Regarding the applicability of the system, with the single-phase generator a more economical, although less efficient, 100 mini-turbine is available, while with the three-phase generator a more expensive but more efficient mini-turbine 100 is obtained. Therefore, depending on the application it will be preferable to use one or the other (the single-phase generator turbine or the three-phase generator turbine).
    The invention also relates to mathematical and electronic modeling. The mathematical modeling of the PCB 15 printed circuit serves to simulate the results of the energy that can be generated through the generator of the invention. The modeling includes:
    - A mathematical modeling, which in turn includes a modeling of the single-phase generator and a modeling of the three-phase generator;
    - A simulation of power generation through the single-phase generator and a simulation of power generation through the three-phase generator.
    The two models comprise a generator (single phase case) and three generators (three phase case), an equivalent coil, an equivalent resistance and an equivalent capacitor. The coil corresponds to all coils (or inductances) of the generator (single phase case) or of the phase (in case of three phase). The resistance is determined by the resistance of the conductor, in the embodiment chosen for modeling, copper. The capacitor represents the capacity generated between the tracks that form the coils.
    15 Figures 12A and 12B show the single-phase and three-phase equivalent electronic modeling, respectively, of the generator.
    Next, the procedure for obtaining the values of the different elements that make up the modeling is detailed.
    First, the voltage and frequency values of the generators for each established rotation regime 20 are obtained.
    A magnetic simulation is carried out with the configurations described in the section of the magnet holder rings 140 and description of the generator. For this, a magnetic simulation of the magnetic flux density is performed
    (B) on the surface of the PCB 15 printed circuit and the induced electromotive force on the coils 15 ’. With this I know
    it obtains both the field generated by the magnets 6 based on the rotational speed of the rotor 130 and the energy
    25 generated in coils 15 ’. Figures 13A and 13B show images of the magnetic simulation performed: Figure 13A shows a simulation of the magnetic flux density (B) on the surface of the PCB 15 printed circuit and Figure 13B shows the electromotive force induced in the 15 'coils.
    The following Table B summarizes the induced voltage values obtained from the simulation of a pair of coils, and calculated for each phase for different rotational speeds. The value shown is the
    30 rms value
    Three phase Monophase
    ω (rpm) εphase (mV)εphase (mV)
    1000 245.6134.86
    2000 464.5466.55
    3000 714.51101.42
    4000 960.12136.27
    5000 1183.42167.97
    Table B: Summary of the induced voltage values obtained with magnetic simulation.
    From the following equations the necessary values, such as resistance, capacity and inductance, are obtained for the modeling of the generator. To perform the calculations and obtain the generator modeling it is essential to define the length of conductor and material (for example, copper) of the coils since the resistance,
    35 equivalent capacity and inductance are dependent on the amount of conductor and material.
    The generator resistance is calculated with the following equation:
    ቕቭሊዷዏሀዯዏባ ቖ ቤ (1)
    ላ ሬቛቖበዹቘሀዯዅሤቜ
    The equivalent capacity of the circuit is obtained with the following equation:
    ቆሄቭቛዺዾሆዷቦዻዾሆሇቜዏዾቕዏለዯዏቩዻ (2)
    ሇ
    40 In the case of the equivalent inductance, its modeling is different depending on the generator used, single-phase or three-phase (coil shape, number of phases and type of connection between the phases).
    Required equations for a single-phase generator with winding winding:
    ቏ለሃለቭ቏ሇዹሀዺለሃለ ቦቐለሃለ (3) ቏ሇዹሀዺለሃለ ቭቑዏ቏ዼቦቛቑቦኔቜዏ቏ዸ (3.1)
    image7
    image8
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    40
    With gas, at a certain temperature and humidity, it may be more convenient if the parts are made of PEEK, given their good mechanical properties. PEEK parts can be manufactured by 5-axis machining. The PEEK parts, in addition to having a very good thermal stability, have mechanical properties required in critical parts such as the housing, the rotor and the cages.
    For a large series manufacturing, instead of machining the plastic, the parts can be obtained by injection. In the case of injection manufacturing, instead of machining the plastic, the metal mold is machined, to subsequently inject PEEK material (existing for use in injection processes) and obtain the parts by injection (a very cost-effective process for manufacturing large lots).
    Once the manufacturing methods of the different components of the mini-turbine 100 have been described, it is indicated below how the assembly of the mini-turbine 100 is carried out, where it can be seen how simplified it is to reach the turbine mounted from of its components:
    - The connection between the housings 9 and the connection elements 10 is carried out by assembly; that is, the housings 9 and the connecting elements 10 comprise formed conjugated to each other to allow a coupling and fixation between them.
    - On the one hand, the connection between the first body 11 and the connection elements 10 and, on the other hand, the connection between the second body 13 and the connection elements 10 is carried out by means of the fairing screws 17.
    - The connection between the housings 9 and the PCB printed circuit 15 arranged between the housings 9 is carried out by means of the pins 8 and the clamps 7.
    The mounted mini-turbine 100 is illustrated in Figures 31A and 31B. As can be seen, the assembly process of the mini-turbine 100 does not require specialized knowledge or complicated handling tools, thus facilitating the assembly operations of the mini-turbine 100, reducing the time required for assembly and qualification required to the operator in charge of assembly. In addition, the structure of the mini-turbine 100 allows the generator to be easily changed, so that repair, maintenance or modification operations (for example, changing from single-phase to three-phase generator and vice versa) are contemplated in the structure of mini-turbine 100 so that Such tasks can be performed without the need for complicated auxiliary operations.
    In a particular embodiment of the invention, the mini-turbine 100 has a maximum outer diameter D of 32mm.
    The configuration of the components of the mini-turbine 100 allows to reach speeds of rotation in the rotor 130 of 50,000rpm.
    As for the single-phase generator, manufacturing is done by machining a ‘sandwich’ material
    (Cu-FR4-Cu) using an ultra fast PS laser. This manufacturing process allows, on the one hand, to achieve the dimensional tolerances of PCB 15 printed circuit and, on the other hand, to achieve the required configuration for coils 15 ’. Figure 10A shows a view of the PCB 15 printed circuit comprising the coils 15 ’. Figure 10B is a detailed view of the coils 15 ’.
    Figures 20 and 21 illustrate the waveforms obtained in the tests performed with the single-phase generator of the invention with 5m / s and 10m / s of wind affecting the mini-turbine. These figures show the increase in voltage and frequency while increasing the speed of the incident air.
    In order to obtain the greatest amount of power at the output, impedance matching must be performed. For this, different resistive loads have been placed at the exit and with different wind speeds. The results can be seen in the graph of figure 22 and the appropriate resistance is appreciated for obtaining the maximum power at the output. In this case it is 30Ω due to the sum of the resistive and reactive part that make up the sum of the coils.
    Next (Table C), the results obtained with the single-phase generator of the invention rotating with different incident wind speeds and with a load of 30Ω are included:
    Air speed (m / s) Frequency (Hz)Angular velocity (rpm)Vpp (mV)Power (µW)
    3 9090,90911363,6360.0356817,633
    4 11111,11113888,8890.0389726,133
    5 13333,33316666,6660,0479440,833
    6 16666,66720833,3340.0583976,800
    7 18181,81822727,2730.0706983,333
    8 20000,00025,000,0000.06736112,133
    9 25641,02532051,2810.08819140,833
    10 27027,02733783,7840.09723187,500
    Table C: Summary of the maximum power values obtained in the single phase generator tests.
    image9
    6 111,022676,800
    7 160.716283,333
    8 239.6858112,133
    9 272.5435140,833
    10 333,1456187,500
    Table E: Difference of the maximum power values obtained with each type of generator.
    It can be seen that the results obtained with the three-phase generator are by far better. But this does not exclude using the single phase generator for applications that require less energy since this generator is easier to manufacture.
    5 In this text, the word “understand” and its variants (such as “understanding”, etc.) should not be construed as excluding, that is, they do not exclude the possibility that what is described includes other elements, steps, etc.
    On the other hand, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments that have been described but also covers, for example, the variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, in terms of the choice of materials, dimensions , components, configuration, etc.), within what is
    10 follows from the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    image 1
    image2
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    同族专利:
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    WO2018087174A1|2018-05-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20120082563A1|2010-09-30|2012-04-05|Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc.|Cooed IBR for a micro-turbine|
    CN203605979U|2013-12-16|2014-05-21|成都高新区华汇实业有限公司|Axial-flow type water flow sensor with flow stabilization function|
    DE10208588A1|2002-02-27|2003-09-11|Kbe Windpower Gmbh|Wind power generator for generating electricity, has stator windings arranged in cowling and magnet elements arranged in radially outer regions of rotor blades|
    DE602006004582D1|2006-07-31|2009-02-12|Fiat Ricerche|By a fluid flow actuated electric generator|
    WO2009129309A2|2008-04-15|2009-10-22|Sonic Blue Aerospace, Inc.|Superconducting turbine wind ring generator|
    US8779618B2|2010-09-20|2014-07-15|Daniel E. Morrison|Wind turbine alternator module|
    FR2986386B1|2012-02-01|2015-02-27|Bernard Perriere|ROTOR AND ELECTROMAGNETIC MACHINE COMPRISING A TURBINE|
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    PCT/EP2017/078654| WO2018087174A1|2016-11-10|2017-11-08|Mini-turbine|
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