• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    Mirror for solar reflector and mirror assembly procedure. The invention relates to a mirror for solar reflector comprising a sensor integrated in the mirror body itself, and to an assembly method that incorporates the integration of a sensor in the body of the mirror. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2663571A1
    申请号:ES201631313
    申请日:2016-10-10
    公开日:2018-04-13
    发明作者:Michael BURISCH；Marcelino SÁNCHEZ；Cristóbal VILLASANTE CORREDOIRA；Estíbaliz ARANZABE BASTERRECHEA
    申请人:Fundacion Tekniker；Fundacion Cener Ciemat；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field The present invention relates, in general, to a mirror for solar reflector which
    5 comprises at least one sensor integrated in the mirror body itself, understanding as the mirror body all the layers that comprise it. Also, the invention relates to an assembly procedure of the mirror itself.
    The invention is applicable in the field of solar energy and in particular in the field of concentrated solar energy. 10 Background of the invention
    In the state of the art, multiple types of solar reflectors are known that include one or more mirrors or facets such as those shown in Figures 13 to 18. A solar reflector is made up of the mirror itself or mirrors, the structure on which
    15 install the mirror or mirrors, the pillar where the structure and foundation are installed to support the reflector, among others. One of those types of solar reflectors are heliostats, mobile systems composed of one or more mirrors that move to reflect sunlight in the receiver of a tower. Another example is parabolic trough collectors.
    20 compounds of a series of mirrors that form a cylindrical surface of parabolic section that reflect radiation in a linear receiver. Likewise, other solar systems use mirrors to redirect and / or concentrate radiation through solar reflectors integrated in Fresnel systems, parabolic discs, beamdown systems, solar furnaces and other configurations that may include one or more reflections.
    25 These reflectors have uses in thermal, thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications. The energy production of these systems decreases as the mirrors lose properties (they get dirty, they move on their support, they get disoriented, etc.) and therefore the light reflected on the receiver is lower and consequently their efficiency is also .
    30 In order to know the state or situation of mirrors or facets, technologies and sensors have been developed that involve either the installation of sensors, cameras or artificial vision devices, or other devices in the site or solar field where they install the reflectors, or the movement of an operator to said


    field for the inspection of system components, among which are mirrors. In the state of the art, for example, the following means of verification and / or control are known:
    An operator moves through the field measuring the reflectivity of the mirrors (which
    varies with dirt level) in different parts of the field and identifying those
    dirty and / or damaged / broken mirrors and / or receivers,
    Systems (photogrammetry, deflectometry, etc.) for accuracy verification
    geometric collectors, or
    Procedures that by fixing cameras or artificial vision devices,
    in thereflectorsYnailtargetsorobjectives inhecountrysideallowdefinethe
    orientation and axes of rotation of the collectors.
    Devices for measuring the level of dirt in the mirror.
    �
    In any case, all known systems require a mirror or facet of the conventional ones in the sector of which the state of it is known by elements external to the mirror. Said external elements may be either devices used by operators who travel the solar field where the mirrors are located, either devices coupled to the mirror or some element of the solar reflector of which the mirror is part, or devices located in the solar field. Likewise, said devices can be sensors to measure the dirt of the mirror, low-cost cameras, sensors to measure the orientation of the mirror, etc.
    All previous systems that reflect the state of the art have the disadvantage of having to use external devices that require additional installation tasks such as the correct installation of the sensor on some element of the reflector (eg in the support structure of the mirrors) and the correct reference or calibration of the sensor with respect to the mirror. These additional manipulations to the manufacture of the reflector imply an additional cost both in time and in resources and in system availability. Likewise, there is a risk due to the manipulation of the mirror itself and its structure, a risk that may result in moving or deforming the mirror and its supporting structure with the consequent disorientation of the mirror and that forces its repositioning with the consequent additional cost. Another risk, although to a lesser extent, is that the surface of the mirror can be damaged, either scratching, or breaking. That is, if you want to install two sensors with different mirrors on the reflector


    functionalities, it will be necessary to manipulate said structure and mirror twice, not only for mounting the sensor on the mirror structure but also to install the control and information systems associated with said sensors as well as the feeding means when necessary. Likewise, different control systems require independent control units for each sensor that allow to diagnose the state of the sensor being necessary that they also be fixed to the reflector in some element thereof, typically in the support structure of the mirrors.
    Therefore, in order to solve the problems of the state of the art, a mirror has been developed that integrates at least one sensor in the mirror body itself and that is provided with the connection means for data transfer between the sensor and a solar reflector control unit, as well as sensor power supplies. The connection and supply means are preferably also integrated in the mirror body and not in the support structure thereof or other elements of the solar reflector, so that the control unit of the solar reflector itself, connected with each of the mirrors in the solar reflector, be able to diagnose the state of the mirror and perhaps additionally other elements of the solar field. Also, the solar reflector can include, among all the mirrors that make up the reflector itself, a single mirror with at least one integrated sensor or several mirrors with at least one sensor each, therefore each mirror can include one or more sensors .
    Description of the invention
    The present invention proposes according to a first object of the invention, a solar reflector mirror according to claim 1. Alternatives to the invention are set out in claims 2 to 17.
    Specifically, said mirror is formed by a body with a reflective layer, a first protective layer and at least a second protective layer and comprises at least one sensor integrated in the mirror body, connection means for data transfer between the sensor and a solar reflector control unit, and a sensor power supply means.
    The term "integrated" should be interpreted as being part of the body of the mirror, constituting a whole next to the mirror, being able to be partially or totally contained in the body of the mirror. It should also be understood as being included, or integrated, in the mirror during the manufacturing process, assembly or assembly of the components of the body of said mirror. That is, for the purposes of this specification, a


    integrated element implies that said element is part of the mirror body itself, so that said element can either be completely incorporated inside the mirror body or be incorporated only in a part inside the mirror body, or be fixed to the body of the mirror so that they form a solidary whole that allows its manipulation and installation as a single element. The mirror with the integrated sensor is the result of the manufacturing process, assembly or assembly of the components of the body of said mirror, and in particular of a stage of integration of the sensor in the mirror body.
    Mirrors for solar reflectors according to the state of the art mainly comprise three parts or layers that make up the mirror body, such as:
    A reflective layer, made of a reflective material and whose function is to reflect the
    solar light that strikes its reflective surface,
    A first protective layer,located in front ofoveror on the surface
    reflective and whose function isprotect said reflective surfacetothetimethat
    allow the light to reach the reflective layer, for which it must be transparent and
    so let the solar rays pass to the reflective surface, and
    A second protective layer located at the back or below the layer
    reflective, and whose function is to protect said reflective layer, being able to be said
    protective layer a paint layer or a resistant layer with greater capacity
    structural than the paint layer.
    According to the usual configurations, at least one of the two protective layers should serve to support the assembly, for example, by a first protective glass layer of sufficient thickness and a second protective paint layer, or by a first transparent protective layer very thin, even a transparent plastic sheet, and a second protective layer formed by a plate of different materials and thick enough to support the whole body of the mirror. An alternative to the above is that the reflective layer and the second protective layer form a single layer, for example when aluminum is used as the reflective layer, where the aluminum itself in addition to the reflective layer acts as a second protective layer. Another alternative is that in those situations in which the sensor is integrated in the second protective layer, in particular in a second subsequent protective layer, the first protective layer and the reflective layer are part of a mirror itself that already includes a first and second protective layers with a reflective layer in the middle of the two, so that the mirror


    The result includes two second protective layers.
    Based on the foregoing, the term integrated, for the purposes of this description, and in accordance with the above, implies that the sensor, or a part thereof, is located at any point of the mirror body, specifically between the first protective layer and at least a second protective layer.
    Therefore, the invention proposes a solar reflector mirror comprising at least one sensor integrated in the mirror itself, said sensor being integrated in the mirror during the manufacturing process thereof or during the assembly or assembly of the mirror body. In this way, after the mirror manufacturing process, a mirror with an integrated sensor is obtained and which may already be referenced with respect to the reflective surface of said mirror, so that after its installation in the solar reflector it will be sufficient to place it correctly the mirror and connect the sensor connection means for data transfer between the sensor itself and the solar reflector control unit where the mirror is located. The sensor connection means, like the power supply means, can be wired or wireless. The actual connections of these connection and power means would be integrated in the mirror as part of the sensor itself, but the wiring, in the case of wired media, may not be integrated in the mirror.
    From the above, it should be specified that in the present description the sensor connection means for data transfer, between the sensor itself and the solar reflector control unit, as well as the power supply means refer to both:
    Wired or wireless media,
    The wiring of the connection and / or power supply means, in the case of media
    wired,
    The connectors of said connection and / or power supply means, in the case of
    wired media, and / or
    The transmitters in the case of wireless media.
    Unlike what happens in the state of the art, it will be possible to avoid placing and even referencing the sensor with respect to the reflective surface since when the sensors are integrated in the mirror such actions can be performed during the manufacture and / or assembly of the sensor. mirror.
    Likewise, the sensor or sensors integrated in the mirror could sometimes facilitate both the assembly and tuning operations of the solar reflector, for example by providing information during assembly, positioning or installation, and even


    monitoring its transport stages.
    Therefore, as mentioned, and since the function of a solar reflector is to reflect the light in a certain direction, it will be very useful for the sensors, and especially those used to define the orientation from the mirror itself, integrate in solidarity with the mirror. Likewise, it will also be very useful for these sensors to be integrated in the mirror during the manufacturing and / or assembly process since this will allow defining their position and orientation relative to the reflective surface during the manufacturing and / or assembly process where it can be defined more reliably, systematically and economically. In this way, the relative position of the sensor and the reflective surface is known and invariable since its manufacturing process.
    The mirror object of the present invention therefore comprises at least one sensor that is integral and inseparable from the body of the mirror and therefore forms a further component of the mirror, integrated into the body thereof, as well as the layers that make up the body of it.
    The sensor integrated in the mirror can be of different types, such as:
    A camera or artificial vision device, which captures images and sends them
    to the solar reflector control unit through the connection means. Bliss
    camera can comprise a processor to process the captured images, and
    send only relevant information reducing connectivity requirements, or
    A mirror break sensor, for example of the type comprising an element
    conductor in any of the mirror layers for example by screen printing or
    thread.
    Other sensor alternatives may be, for example, those that determine the level of dirt in the mirror, and / or measure the inclination of the mirror, and / or measure the orientation of the mirror, and / or measure atmospheric conditions, and / or detect the position of the sun, and / or measure the geometric quality of the mirror, and / or identify the mirror for monitoring and control, and / or measure the temperature and / or measure the position of the mirror. In any case, the sensor to be integrated into the mirror body will be chosen according to the needs required by the application of the mirror. The integrated sensor or sensors incorporate a processor, including
    or not in the sensor itself, which gives it a capacity to calculate and process the acquired data.
    With respect to the connection means of the sensor integrated in the mirror and of the power supply means thereof, any of the options available in the prior art may be used as mentioned. For example,


    The connection means may or may not be wireless, and in the second case, they will preferably be chosen from among IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee), Wireless Hart or Bluetooth Low Energy - BLE, or others that may arise in the future. Also, with respect to the sensor's power supply, they may also be wireless or not, as well as being constituted by a photovoltaic cell, said photovoltaic cell being able to include a battery or any other type of energy storage device associated with said cell. On the other hand, the sensor supply means can be a battery integrated in the mirror itself or any other type of energy storage device.
    In summary, the sensor can be any that allows the mirror to perform additional functions to the reflection, such as those described above and can incorporate, either in the sensor itself and integrated in the mirror body, well associated with the sensor but not integrated in the body of the mirror, those elements necessary for its correct operation and provision of its functions. These elements would be mainly the sensor accessories necessary for its operation, such as the connection means and the feeding means. When we refer to a sensor in this description, we must understand that we are referring to a sensor and the components necessary for its correct operation.
    The integration options of the sensor in the mirror body are varied and depend largely on the topology and composition of the layers of the mirror body, since depending on the composition of these layers the sensor can be integrated into one or in Several of them. It will also depend on the sensor and its functions or requirements, since depending on these the sensor must be located on the reflective layer or it can be placed through said reflective layer or it can be placed behind said reflective layer or be placed behind said reflective layer. but with access to the first protective layer located in front of the reflective layer so as to be able to have vision through it.
    For example, the sensor may be placed above the reflective surface, at any point thereof, so that the first protective layer comprises a gap or space for the integration of the sensor therein. Another alternative is that the first protective layer is mechanized and comprises a housing in which the sensor is integrated, therefore the sensor being located above the reflective layer.
    Another option is that in a construction the sensor is integrated by the rear of the mirror, so that the sensor crosses the body of the mirror from the second protective layer to reach the reflective surface or be close to it. In other


    construction the sensor crosses the second protective layer leaving a part of the sensor out of the mirror body. That is, in the second alternative the second protective layer also surrounds the integrated sensor while a part of the sensor is kept outside the body, facilitating for example the connection and / or feeding of the sensor, and in the first alternative the integrated sensor is completely located inside the second protective layer of the mirror body. In these two constructions, it may be of interest, depending on the application of the sensor, to practice a discontinuity in an area of the reflective layer to allow the sensor to be in contact with the first transparent protective layer to, for example, have vision to through her. A discontinuity is equivalent to a space, area or section of the reflective layer that does not have reflective material to allow the sensor to perform its function through that discontinuity.
    As mentioned, the different alternatives will depend on both the topology and composition of the body layers and the sensor to be integrated into said body.
    Likewise, a mirror can integrate one or several sensors with the same or different function, depending on the applications of the mirror, the design of the solar installation and / or the needs of the same. Likewise, the mirror can be upside down in its working position or even vertically, so the above terms “above” should be interpreted as on the side of the reflective layer on which solar radiation affects when the mirror is in operation. Likewise, when the terms "low" or "below" are used with respect to the position of the sensor with respect to the reflective layer, it should be interpreted as on the side of the reflective layer that is kept in shade when the mirror is in operation, it is say, contrary to the side on which the radiation affects.
    A second object of the invention is a method of assembling a mirror for solar reflector according to claim 19. Alternatives to the method are set out in claims 20 to 26.
    Said procedure consists in including, in the manufacturing and / or assembly process of the layers that make up the mirror body, a step of integrating a sensor into the mirror body itself. In particular, the method of assembling a mirror for solar reflector, of the type with a mirror body with at least one reflective layer, a first transparent protective layer and at least a second protective layer, and comprising a stage of integration into the that at least one sensor is placed in contact with at least one of the three layers that will form the mirror after the assembly procedure, and a subsequent stage in which said at least one sensor is covered with at least one of the protective layers, the sensor being integrated between


    said protective layers. In said integration stage, therefore, at least one sensor is located either above, or below, or through the reflective layer and at a later stage said at least one sensor is covered with a protective layer, which the first protective layer may well be the second protective layer depending on which side of the reflective layer the sensor has been located, so that said at least one sensor is integrated in the mirror body. The terms "above" and "below" imply that the sensor may or may not be in contact with the reflective layer, that is, the sensor may be placed at a distance from said reflective layer, on either side. of the reflective layer, or in contact with any of said two faces of said reflective layer. If the procedure requires it, the sensor can also be integrated into several of the mirror layers and not just one of them, including the reflective layer.
    The above stages may further comprise or involve other additional stages. For example, for the sensor to be above the reflective layer, the integration stage may comprise, practice a housing in the first transparent protective layer and place the sensor in said housing, at a later stage apply the reflective layer on said first protective layer and subsequently dispose of the second protective layer below or below the reflective layer. Alternatively, the reflective layer can be applied on the second protective layer before joining these with the first protective layer.
    In another alternative, as an integration stage, a housing is practiced in the second protective layer and the sensor is placed therein, and at a later stage, apply the reflective layer on said second protective layer and subsequently place the first protective layer on the reflective layer. . Alternatively, the reflective layer can be applied on the first protective layer before joining these with the second protective layer.
    Alternatively, in the integration stage, a housing is made in a second subsequent protective layer and the sensor is placed in said housing and then a mirror comprising said three layers, that is, its second protective layer, is placed on said second subsequent protective layer. with the reflective layer and the first protective layer. That is, the housing is made in a second protective layer and a mirror with its three layers is placed on it.
    In some constructions in which the sensor is placed between the reflective layer and the second protective layer, specifically in those where the sensor must have direct vision through the first protective layer, it is necessary to practice a discontinuity in an area


    of the reflective layer to allow said sensor to face the first transparent protective layer.
    For the arrangement of the second protective layer after the reflective layer, at least one layer of paint can be applied.
    Likewise, and as the sensor has associated connection means for the transfer of data between the sensor and a solar reflector control unit, as well as means for feeding the sensor, at the stage of integration of the sensor in the mirror, it is also they place said means, which can be wired or wireless.
    Another object of the invention is a solar reflector comprising at least one mirror object of the present invention.
    For the purposes of the present description the materials that make up the different layers of the mirror body can be any that guarantee the functionality of the mirror, that is, an adequate level of reflection and that allow the integration of the sensor in said body, and some examples of these are: First support layer: glass preferably solar glass with high transmittance (low
    iron content), be it curved or flat, it can be tempered or not. How
    alternatively a transparent protective coating of low thickness can be used
    (eg SiO2), transparent plastics, or similar Reflective layer: silver or aluminum preferably, although there may be others
    reflective materials that can be used.
    Secondcapsupport:Paintings,plastics,materialscomposites,panels
    sandwich, glass,housingsfromdifferentmaterialsfilled infromfoam,
    metal surfaces (eg aluminum),
    Brief description of the drawings
    The foregoing and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of the embodiments, with reference to the attached figures, which should be considered in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, in which:
    Figure 1 shows an example of a mirror for solar reflector according to the state of the art.
    Figure 2 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 3 shows a side view of a second embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.


    Figure 4 shows a plan view and a side view of a third embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 5 shows a side view of a fifth embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 6 shows a side view of a sixth embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 7 shows a side view of a seventh embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 8 shows a side view of an eighth embodiment of a mirror with an integrated sensor.
    Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a monofaceta heliostat with a mirror on a support structure according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a monofaceta heliostat with a mirror on a support structure according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 11 shows a perspective view of a monofaceta heliostat with a mirror on a support structure according to another embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 12 shows two examples of solar reflectors, a parabolic cylinder on the left and a heliostat on the right, which include at least one mirror according to the present invention.
    Figures 13 to 18 show several examples of different solar reflectors already known in the state of the art and to which the mirror object of the present invention can be applied.
    Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
    Some preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the figures that accompany the present description.
    Thus, Figure 1 shows a mirror 10 for solar reflector of the state of the art, and which does not integrate a sensor 4 in the mirror body 10. The body of the mirror 10 comprises three layers, a first upper and transparent protective layer 1, a reflective layer 2, with a surface of a reflective material, located under the first layer and a second lower protective layer 3 located under the reflective layer 2. Solar rays S attack the reflective surface 2 through the first protective layer 1 which must be transparent, and reflects said rays R. If in one of these mirrors 10, or in the solar reflector where it is installed, it is necessary to place a sensor 4 in order to know at all times or


    periodically the state and / or the relevant parameters of the mirror or other characteristics of the reflector or of the set of reflectors and systems that are installed in a location and constitute a solar field, its components or the environment, a sensor must be associated with the mirror 10 or to another element of the solar reflector, for said sensor to provide the required information. This additional operation will have to be carried out during the assembly and commissioning process of the solar reflector or after its installation in the field. After this operation, it will be necessary to subject the solar reflector and / or the mirror 10 to different checks that imply a cost of time and a cost in resources especially when they are carried out after their installation in the field.
    To avoid these additional tasks, the mirror 20, object of the present invention, comprises a sensor 4 integrated in the mirror body 20 itself. Such integration can be carried out in different ways during the assembly procedure of the different layers of the mirror body. 20, so that the sensor 4 becomes part of the mirror body itself 20. This avoids a large number of operations since the sensor 4 is already installed and may have been referenced from its factory assembly with respect to the surface mirror reflector 20. Once the mirror 20 is installed on the solar reflector, it will be sufficient to connect the preferably wireless transmission means of the sensor 4 with the solar reflector control unit. Likewise, it will also be necessary to connect the feeding means of the sensor 4 when these are also not integrated in the mirror body 20 itself, for example in the form of a battery, or when they are not wireless.
    An example of a mirror 20 with a second protective layer 3 formed for example by one or more layers of paint, a reflective layer 2 and a first transparent protective layer 1 of for example 4 mm glass is shown in Figure 2. The mechanical stiffness is provided to the mirror 20 by the protective layer 1, although said stiffness is reinforced once the mirror 20 has been installed on the support structure of the solar reflector on which the mirror 20 is placed. In this case the first protective layer 1 is the one that performs the functions of the support layer of the mirror body 20 and allows the sensor 4 to be integrated into said first protective layer 1. To this end, the sensor 4 is disposed above the reflective surface or layer 2 , at any point thereof, the first protective layer 1 comprising a hole or housing to integrate the sensor 4 inside.
    As mentioned, the sensor 4 can be introduced into a hole made in the first layer 1, so that the sensor 4 is in contact with the outside, and being able to


    be of a thickness greater or less than that of the first layer 1, as shown in Figure 2.
    An integration alternative for a mirror 20, of the type integrated in the first protective layer 1, as in the previous figure 2, is shown in Figure 3, and consists in machining a housing in the first protective layer 1 and in the inside said housing, either between the first protective layer 1 and the reflective surface 2 or between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 3, the sensor 4 is integrated. In this example a module 5 is shown next to the sensor 4 which represents the connection means for data transmission with the central unit of the solar reflector and / or the power supply means of the sensor 4.
    The manufacturing process of the examples of figures 2 and 3, comprises at least one step of integrating the sensor 4 into the mirror body itself. Specifically, it comprises a stage in which at least one sensor 4 is placed above the reflective layer 2, said at least one sensor covering with a first protective layer 1. In the examples of figures 2 and 3 said sensor is covered with a first transparent protective layer 1. In figure 2 the sensor 4 is above the reflective layer 2 while in figure 3 it is above and in contact with the reflective layer 2.
    In particular, from a first protective layer 1, which acts as a supporting element, or element that confers rigidity to the mirror assembly, transparent, such as a 4mm solar glass sheet, housings are prepared therein. , preferably by machining, which allow the insertion of the sensor 4 or chosen sensors and the auxiliary elements, such as connection means and feeding means, that are necessary for its correct operation. For example, a procedure for assembling and / or manufacturing a mirror would consist of:
    Accomplishment of housings in the sheet of glass 1 solar that acts as the first
    protective layer 1,
    Tempered and / or curved glass sheet 1, if deemed necessary for
    application, since not all manufacturers temper glass and not all mirrors
    They are curved but may be common in some applications,
    Positioning and fixing of sensors 4 and auxiliary elements 5 in the housings
    made of glass sheet 1,
    Arrangement of reflective layer 2, usually by deposition of a
    silver coat and
    Application of at least a second protective layer 3 after the reflective layer 2,


    This second protective layer 3 may be constituted by the application of at least one layer of paint. Figure 4 shows an example in which the sensor 4 next to a camera 41, or
    artificial vision device, are integrated laterally in a mirror 20, so that the sensor 4 is completely integrated in the mirror 20 but the chamber 41 is outside the mirror 20, so that the sensor assembly 4, 41 is semi-integrated or partially integrated in the mirror 20. This semi-integration solution or partial integration of sensors in the mirror body 20 in which parts of the sensor 4 are inside the mirror 20 and other parts are outside it, represent a solution for those cases in which the Dimensions of sensor parts do not allow full and total integration into the mirror body 20.
    It is convenient that in the previous situations in which the sensor 4 is located above the reflective layer 2, said sensor 4 shades the smallest possible surface of said reflective layer 2 to avoid reducing the reflection surface and therefore maintaining the performance of the mirror or solar reflection as high as possible.
    The manufacturing and / or assembly process of the example of Figure 4 is similar to the procedure of the previous examples, and comprises as differentiated steps:
    The housing of the first protective layer 1 is made on one side of the perimeter
    of said first protective layer 1,
    The sensor 4 is housed in said housing of the first protective layer 1,
    Positioning and fixing the sensor 4 and possibly the auxiliary elements 5
    necessary that will be accessible from the side of the mirror 20,
    Arrangement of reflective layer 2, usually by deposition of a
    silver cape,
    Application of at least a second protective layer 3 after the reflective layer 2,
    this second protective layer 3 may be constituted by the application of at
    Less a coat of paint.
    Placing and fixing a second sensor 41, in this example for example a
    chamber 41, which is located outside the mirror body 20 but connected to the sensor
    4 and / or the auxiliary elements of both that They areaccessible from the side of the
    mirror 20, and
    Protection of sensors 4 and 41 as well as auxiliary elements by means of a
    sealant
    Figure 5 shows an example in which the sensor 4 is integrated into the body of the


    mirror 20 on the back of the reflective layer 2, so that the sensor 4 is integrated by being located between said reflective layer 2 and the second protective layer 3. In this solution the first protective layer 1 continues to perform the functions of the support layer of the mirror 20. The sensor 4 may or may not pass through the reflective layer 2 depending on its functions. In the example shown, sensor 4 is a CCD sensor, such as that used in digital cameras, which needs to have access to the front of mirror 20, whereby reflective layer 2 exhibits a discontinuity practiced in an area of the reflective layer so that the sensor 4 faces the first transparent protective layer through said discontinuity. In this example, and after having integrated the sensor 4 with the first layer 1 that protects it and apply the reflective layer 2 of the mirror, the second protective layer 3 that protects the back of the reflective layer 2 and the sensor 4 is applied. This second protective layer 3 is preferably a paint applied on a
    or in several layers.
    For example, a procedure for assembling and / or manufacturing a mirror according to example 5 would consist of:
    Arrangement of a reflective layer 2 on a first protective glass layer 1
    solar, preferably for example 4 mmthick, actinghowcap
    mirror holder 20. Yes isnecessary, previouslytolayer layout
    reflective 2 has been subjected to the first protective layer 1 of glass to a tempered
    and / or curved. The reflective layer 2 may be a deposition of a silver layer.
    Also, if necessary because the sensor requires to have a frontal view through
    from thefirstcapprotectiveone,blisscapreflective2understandsa
    discontinuity in its area to allow sensor 4 to face the first layer
    transparent protective 1.
    Placement and fixation ofsensors4 and auxiliary elements 5inthe surface
    rear of the reflective layer 2, and
    Application of at least a second protective layer 3 after the reflective layer 2,
    this second protective layer 3 may be constituted by the application of at
    less a layer of paint that covers and protects both the reflective layer 2 and the
    sensor 4 and auxiliary elements. Alternatively, the first protective layer 1
    of glass and the reflective layer 2 can themselves form a sun mirror
    also including a further second protective layer, so that these three
    layers form a single installation element, presenting if necessary the layer
    reflective 2 and the subsequent second protective layer said discontinuity.


    Figure 6 shows an example of a mirror with a first transparent protective layer 1 of a thickness less than those shown above and preferably also of glass, a reflective layer 2 and a second protective layer 3 of a thickness sufficient to provide mechanical stiffness to the mirror 20. As in the previous example, the sensor 4 is integrated into the body of the mirror 20 by the back of the reflective layer 2, so that the sensor 4 is integrated by being located between said reflective layer 2 and the second layer protective 3. The second protective layer 3 that performs the functions of the support layer of the mirror 20, is, for example, a shell with foam or honeycomb panel inside. In this embodiment, which is not exclusive of first protective layers 1 with a small thickness, for example glass of 2mm or less, the sensor 4 is fully integrated in the second protective layer 3, so that the sensor 4 is fully integrated and embedded in it. As in the previous example, reflective layer 2 has a discontinuity to allow vision through it. The sensor is protected by the first transparent protective layer 1 and by the second protective layer 3. Also, in this example, the sensor includes a module 5 representing the connection means for data transmission with the central unit of the solar reflector and / or the sensor power supply means 4.
    For example, a procedure for assembling and / or manufacturing a mirror according to example 6 would consist of:
    Arrangement of a reflective layer 2 on a first protective glass layer 1
    solar, preferablyfrombyexample2mmfromthickness.Yesisnecessary,
    prior to the provision of the reflective layer 2 has undergone the first
    protective layer 1 of a tempered and / or curved glass. Reflective layer 2 can
    Be a deposition of a layer of silver. Also, if necessary because the sensor
    it requires to have a frontal view through the first protective layer 1, said layer
    reflective 2 comprises a discontinuity in its area to allow sensor 4
    face the first transparent protective layer 1.
    Placement and fixation ofsensors4 and auxiliary elements 5inthe surface
    back of reflective layer 2,
    Placing a housing, which forms part of the second protective layer 3, by
    the partlaterfrom thecapreflective2,coveringhesensor4,elements
    auxiliaries 5 and said reflective layer 2, so that an empty space is maintained
    between the reflective layer 2 and the housing, and
    Filling said space with a low density foam that allows once


    hardened that the second support layer 3 acts as the support layer of the mirror 20.
    Figures 7 and 8 refer, like the last two examples, to mirrors 20 comprising a sensor located between the second protective layer 3 and the reflective layer 2, the sensor 4 passing through the reflective layer 2. Also, the first layer transparent protective 1, can be thinner than in the previous cases, for example of 1 mm of glass or simply a protective coating or an adhesive sheet, which can even incorporate the reflective layer 2, which adheres on the second protective layer 3, which obviously on this occasion also does the work of the support layer that provides the necessary rigidity to the mirror assembly 20. In these examples, the sensor 4 can be integrated in the mirror body 20 and in particular in the second protective surface 3, either partially or semi-integrated, as in Figure 7, in which the sensor protrudes slightly from the second protective layer 3, well fully integrated, as in Figure 8, in which the sensor 4 qu eda fully embedded in said second layer 3.
    For example, a procedure for assembling and / or manufacturing a mirror with the characteristics shown in Figures 7 and 8, would consist of:
    Accomplishment of lodgingsinasecond protective layer 3 actinghow
    mirror support element 20 and which can be plastics, composites,
    sandwich panels, glass, among others.
    Positioning and fixing of sensors 4 and auxiliary elements 5 in the housings
    practiced in the second protective layer 3,
    Application and fixation of a reflective layer 2. When the sensor requires to have a
    frontal vision through the first protective layer 1, and therefore faced with
    it, the reflective layer 2 comprises a discontinuity in its area to allow
    the sensor 4 faces the first transparent protective layer 1.
    Placing and fixing a glass sheet, of small thickness, for example 1
    mm, on the reflective layer 2.
    Alternatively, a mirror can be arranged on the second protective layer 3
    solar, which comprises, as a single element, at least one transparent glass as the first protective layer 1 and a reflective surface 2, is with said discontinuity if necessary, and may also include its own second additional protective layer 3. This alternative is a usual form of construction since the reflective surface to be included will already comprise its second protective layer, usually paint, so that in some way the second protective layer 3 is doubled or divided into a second protective layer 3 that is included with the reflective layer and a further second protective layer


    which is what the mirror is installed on and where the sensor is integrated.
    Another alternative form consists of a reflective sheet, preferably self-adhesive, comprising a reflective layer with a transparent sheet as the first protective layer and a second protective layer that would serve to fix the reflective sheet on a subsequent second protective layer.
    Figure 9 shows a perspective example of a mirror 20 installed on a support structure 7 of a solar reflector in this case a monofaceta heliostat, with a single mirror. Said mirror 20 comprises a first transparent protective layer 1, a reflective layer 2 and a second protective layer 3. In this example the first protective layer 1 performs the functions of the support layer, although the second protective layer 3 could also perform them. first layer 1 and the reflective layer 2, an optical sensor 4 with a lens 41, covered by the first layer 1, is provided, integrated in the body of the mirror 20. Likewise, the connection and supply means, in particular the wiring 52 are also integrated in the mirror body 20, and terminate in a connector 51 located on an edge of the mirror 20. In this way once the mirror 20 is manufactured with the sensor 4, 41 integrated in its body, as well as the connection and supply means 52, and after its subsequent installation in the support structure, it will be sufficient to connect it to the central control unit through the connector 51 to provide the power supply sensor and communication capacity, facilitating the installation of the mirror.
    Figure 10 shows another embodiment of a mirror 20 on a support structure 7 as a whole constituting a reflector of the monofaceta heliostat type. As in the previous case, the mirror 20 comprises a first transparent protective layer 1, a reflective layer 2 and a second protective layer 3. Both the first layer 1 and the second protective layer 3 could act as a support layer. In this solution, a breakage sensor 4 connected to a power supply and breakage detection cable 42 has been included, both of which are located, sensor 4 and wiring 42, integrated in the second protective layer 3. The mirror 20 also comprises a connector 51 to which to connect the components for power supply and sensor data connection 4.
    Figure 11 shows the last example of embodiment, in which a mirror 20 is observed on a support structure 7 as in the case of Figures 9 and 10, the mirror 20 presenting a first transparent protective layer 1, a reflective layer 2 and a second protective layer 3. Both the first layer 1 and the second protective layer 3 could act as a support layer of the mirror 20. The sensor 4 in this solution is placed next to a battery 53 and next to a wireless antenna 6, integrated the three in the mirror, and between


    the first layer 1 and the reflective layer 2. The battery 53 is connected by power wiring 52 to the sensor 4, which is for example tilt, and the antenna 6 directly to the sensor 4. The wireless antenna 6 is used for wireless transmission of data. A battery 53 will be used to guarantee its duration during the life of the mirror 20 since
    5 the replacement of the same would be complicated to be integrated in the mirror 20. A solution to replace the battery, and any other element integrated in the body of the mirror 20 that could be damaged or require replacement, would consist of including conveniently watertight access to the component , preferably through the second protective layer 3.
    10 Although not explicitly mentioned, the sensors can be arranged facing the front of the mirror, towards the rear or towards the side, depending on the type of sensor and the functions required of it.
    In relation to the above, Figure 12 shows two examples of multifaceted solar reflectors, a parabolic cylinder on the left and a heliostat on the right, which include at least one mirror or facet according to the present invention. Specifically, it is observed how said solar reflectors comprise a single row of mirrors with at least one sensor integrated in each mirror, while the rest of the mirrors of the other rows are mirrors that do not comprise a sensor integrated therein. That is, it is not necessary that all mirrors of a solar reflector include an integrated sensor, so that a reflector
    20 may include a single mirror with several integrated sensors, or several mirrors with an integrated sensor each. Therefore, in a solar field there may indeed be solar reflectors with at least one mirror comprising at least one integrated sensor as well as solar reflectors with conventional mirrors, that is, without mirrors with an integrated sensor.
    The above examples are only some of the constructive possibilities of the invention object of the present application and should not be considered as limiting.

    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    1. Mirror (20) for solar reflector, formed by a body with a reflective layer (2), a first transparent protective layer (1) and at least a second protective layer (3),
    5 characterized in that it comprises: At least one sensor (4) integrated in the mirror body (20), Connection means for data transfer between the sensor (4) and a unit
    solar reflector control, andMeans of sensor power supply (4).
    Mirror, according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection means are integrated in the mirror body (20).
    [3]
    3. Mirror, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feeding means are integrated in the mirror body (20).
    [4]
    Four. Mirror, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the 15 sensors is a camera or an artificial vision device.
    [5]
    5. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor comprises a processor to process the acquired data and send the results of the processing through the connection means to the control unit.
    [6]
    6. Mirror, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection means are wireless.
    [7]
    7. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feeding means are wireless.
    [8]
    8. Mirror according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the power means are a battery or other energy storage device.
    Mirror according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the power supply means is a photovoltaic cell integrated in the mirror body.
    [10]
    10. Mirror according to claim 9, characterized in that the photovoltaic cell comprises an energy storage device or battery associated with the cell.
    [11]
    eleven. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least
    30 a sensor can be chosen from those that detect the breaks in the mirror by means of an integrated wire or cable, and / or measure the dirt of the mirror, and / or measure the inclination of the mirror, and / or measure the orientation of the mirror, and / or measure the atmospheric conditions, and / or detect the position of the sun, and / or measure the geometric quality of the mirror, and / or identify the mirror, and / or measure the temperature and / or measure the position of the mirror.
    12. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor

    it is integrated, at least partially, in at least one of the layers, reflective or protective.
    [13]
    13. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mirror body comprises the first protective layer 1 located above the layer
    5 reflective 2, with a sensor 4 disposed between said first protective layer 1 and the reflective layer 2.
    [14]
    14. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mirror body comprises the second protective layer located under the reflective layer with a sensor disposed between said second layer and the reflective layer.
    A mirror according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflective layer (2) comprises a discontinuity in a certain area such that a sensor (4) faces the first protective layer (1), when the sensor ( 4) is located behind said reflective layer.
    [16]
    16. Mirror, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor 15 is fully integrated in said layers.
    [17]
    17. Mirror, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer inside which a sensor is integrated surrounds said sensor.
    [18]
    18. Solar reflector characterized in that it comprises at least one mirror according to claims 1 to 17.
    20 19. Assembly procedure of a mirror (20) for solar reflector, of the type with a mirror body with at least one reflective layer (2), a first transparent protective layer (1) and at least a second protective layer (3 ), characterized in that it incorporates a stage of integration of a sensor in the mirror body.
    [20]
    20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises:
    25 the integration stage in which at least one sensor (4) is placed in contact with at least one of the three layers (1, 2, 3) that will form the mirror (20) after the assembly procedure, and
    a subsequent stage in which said at least one sensor (4) is covered with one of the protective layers (1, 3), the sensor (4) being integrated between said protective layers (1, 3).
    [21]
    twenty-one. Method according to claims 19 or 20, characterized in that in the integration stage at least one sensor (4) is placed above and / or below and / or crossing the reflective layer (2).
    [22]
    22 Method according to any of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that
    35 in the integration stage a housing is practiced in the first transparent protective layer (1) and the sensor (4) is placed in said housing, and in a later stage it is

    apply the reflective layer (2) under said first protective layer (1) and then the second protective layer (3) is placed under the reflective layer (2), or alternatively the reflective layer is applied on the second protective layer and subsequently joined You are with the first protective layer.
    Method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that in the integration stage a housing is practiced in the second protective layer (3) and the sensor (4) is placed in said housing, and in a later stage the reflective layer (2) is applied on said second protective layer (3) and then the first protective layer (1) is placed on the reflective layer (1), or alternatively the
    10 reflective layer on the first protective layer before joining these with the second protective layer.
    [24]
    24. A method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that in the integration stage a housing is made in a second subsequent protective layer and the sensor (4) is placed in said housing and then arranged on said
    A further protective second layer is a mirror comprising its three layers, that is, its second protective layer (3) with the reflective layer (2) and the first protective layer (1).
    [25]
    25. Method according to claims 22 or 23, characterized in that a discontinuity is performed in an area of the reflective layer (2) to allow the sensor (4) to face the first transparent protective layer (1).
    A method according to any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that, at the same time as the sensor (4) is placed, the connection means for the data transfer between the sensor (4) and a reflector control unit are located. solar, and / or sensor power supply means (4).





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    ES2663571B1|2019-01-15|
    MA46483A|2019-08-14|
    CL2019000890A1|2019-09-06|
    MX2019004138A|2019-06-12|
    MA46483B1|2021-08-31|
    ZA201902902B|2020-10-28|
    WO2018069558A1|2018-04-19|
    PT3524902T|2021-09-15|
    US11079142B2|2021-08-03|
    CN110770513B|2021-10-12|
    EP3524902B1|2021-07-21|
    EP3524902A1|2019-08-14|
    ES2886461T3|2021-12-20|
    AU2017342097A1|2019-05-02|
    US20190264952A1|2019-08-29|
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