• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The machine and thermal cycle of polytropic and adiabatic processes, efficiently converts thermal energy to mechanical energy by means of an alternative machine constituted by several double-acting actuators with closed process thermal cycle formed by two polytropic and two adiabatic processes, characterized by performing work mechanical both by heating and by cooling, where the heating and cooling processes are carried out by means of heat exchangers located inside each thermo-actuator cylinder. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2659999A1
    申请号:ES201600782
    申请日:2016-09-20
    公开日:2018-03-20
    发明作者:Ramón FERREIRO GARCÍA；Beatriz FERREIRO SANZ
    申请人:Universidade da Coruna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLLTROPIC AND ADIABATIC PROCESSES TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention belongs to the technical field of the conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy via mechanical energy by means of thermal machines capable of taking advantage of the heat transferred to a working fluid through heat exchangers to convert heat into work by heating and cooling. OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention called "MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF PROCESSESPOLlTRÓPICOS y ADIABATICOS ", aims at the efficient conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy by means of an alternative machine made up of several double-effect thermo-actuator cylinders with thermal cycle of processes.closed formed by two polytropic and two adiabatic processes, characterized by performing mechanical work both by heating and cooling, where theheating and cooling processes are carried out by means of
    heat exchangers located within each thermo-actuator cylinder.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    exist thecyclesthermalconventionalthatthey operatepartialor totallywith
    closed processes such as atto, Diesel or isothermal processes such as Stirling as well as other modifications derived from them, some of which operate with fossil fuels and others with indirect heat. The thermal cycle consisting of two polytropic processes and two adiabatic processes, as well as the machine capable of carrying out the mentioned cycle differs essentially from conventional cycles (Stirling, atto, Diesel and modifications thereof) in that: -the heat transferred and extracted according to both polytropic processes to the working fluid is provided by heat exchangers located inside the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder, contrary to what happens in the cycles
    conventional where polytropic heating processes are carried outin combustion machines where heat is developed by combustion, generating theown working fluid, (combustion gases at high temperature and pressure)generally from a fuel of fossil origin.-the process of heat extraction (cooling of the working fluid) is used toproduce mechanical work.In the current state of technology, there are no known thermal cycles of thesecharacteristics, nor machines capable of implementing them. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention called MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLLETROPIC AND ADIABATIC PROCESSES, consists of at least one double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder, where each one of which operates with a working thermal fluid such as helium or hydrogen, heated and cooled alternately to perform mechanical work by advancing and retracting the piston of each thermo-actuator cylinder following a thermal cycle formed by two closed polytropic processes and two closed adiabatic processes following the following sequence:-heating process according to a closed polytropic process with performance of mechanical work,-adiabatic expansion process with performance of mechanical work, -cooling process according to a closed polytropic process with performance of mechanical work, and -adiabatic compression process with performance of mechanical work Both chambers of each thermo-actuator cylinder have a heat exchanger. heat destined to the heating and cooling of the working fluid where the
    Alternatives to choose only one among different working fluids (which must be the same for the two cylinder chambers), are: water, air, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen so that while one of the thermo-actuating chambers contributes to the recoil
    of the piston by cooling the working fluid, the complementary or adjacent chamber contributes to the advancement of the piston by heating the working fluid. The heating of the working fluid is carried out in a heat exchanger operating with a thermal heating fluid, while the cooling of the working fluid is carried out by a thermal cooling fluid. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    In this section, the components that make up the MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLLTROPIC and ADIABATIC PROCESSES are described in an illustrative and non-limiting way to facilitate the understanding of the invention where, in a non-limiting way, reference is made to the following figures: Figure 1 schematically shows the installation of the thermal machine object of the invention, equipped with a double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder operated alternately by heating and cooling the working thermal fluid, as well as the installation of the heat supply and extraction system equipped with the corresponding control valves for heating and cooling fluids. 1 double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 2 double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston 3 double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod 4 left chamber heat exchanger double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 5 heat exchanger right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 8 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for the inlet of heating and cooling fluids to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 9 2/3 valve from inlet of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 10 2/3 valve outlet of the heating and cooling fluids to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 11 valve 2/3 outlet of the heating and cooling fluids to the right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder 12 supply conduit of the heating thermal fluid 13 supply conduit cooling thermal fluid pipe 14 heating thermal fluid return conduit 15 cooling thermal fluid return conduit
    Figure 2 shows the Ts (temperature-entropy) diagram corresponding to the thermal cycle object of the invention, referring to the left chamber of the piston, which is identical to that of the right chamber of the piston, differing only in that the second one is out of phase 180 o with respect to the first, representing the temperatures on the ordinate axis, and the entropies on the abscissa axis. According to the sequence of the cycle, - branch 1-2 of the cycle corresponds to the addition of heat according to a polytropic process (heating of the working fluid by means of the thermal heating fluid with development of mechanical work) following a polytropic function; -the 2-3 branch corresponds to the adiabatic expansion with work development; -the 3-4 branch corresponds to the extraction of heat according to a polytropic process (cooling of the working fluid by means of the cooling thermal fluid with development of mechanical work), and -the branch 4-1 corresponds to the adiabatic expansion with development of mechanical work, Detailed description of the invention
    The MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLITROPIC AND ADIABATIC PROCESSES, consists of at least one double-effect thermo-actuator cylinder, where each one of which operates with a working thermal fluid (which can be alternatively helium or hydrogen among others and must be the same for both chambers of the thermo-actuator cylinder), such as helium or hydrogen, heated and cooled alternately to perform mechanical work by advancing and retracting the piston of each thermo-actuating cylinder operating according to a thermal cycle formed by two closed polytropic processes and two closed adiabatic processes, where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises: -double effect thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3) -double-effect thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2) - rod of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (3) -heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4) intended to alternately heat and cool the c left chamber of cylinder. -heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double-effect thermo-actuator cylinder (5) intended to alternately heat and cool the right chamber of the cylinder. - 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for the inlet of the heating and cooling fluids to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8) - 2/3 valve for the inlet of the heating fluids and cooling to the right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9) -valve with 2/3 outlet of the heating and cooling fluids to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10) -valve 2/3 outlet of the heating and cooling thermal fluids to the right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11) -heating thermal fluid supply conduit (12) -cooling thermal fluid supply conduit (13 ) -heating thermal fluid return duct (14) -cooling thermal fluid return duct (15)
    The operating procedure of the MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLLTROPIC AND ADIABATIC PROCESSES is represented by the Ts diagram shown in figure 2, according to which, in the left chamber of each double-acting thermoactuator cylinder shown in figure 1, begins the cycle performing the polytropic heating process 1-2 shown in the Ts diagram of figure 2, until the pressure P2 corresponding to the temperature T2 is reached, for which the 2/3 valve (8) is open, communicating the duct (12) with the heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4), exiting through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the line outlet duct (12), where this process it gives rise to the realization of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from left to right. When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 2 have been reached, the adiabatic expansion process 2-3 begins with work done, untilreach the end of its stroke at point 3, where the initial pressure P 1-3 is reached. To achieve the return of the piston (2) with mechanical work, a polytropic cooling process 3-4 begins until the pressure P4 corresponding to the temperature T4 is reached, for which the 2/3 valve (8 ) connecting the duct (13) with the heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4), exiting through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the line outlet duct (13) , where this process gives rise to the performance of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from right to left. When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 4 have been reached, the adiabatic compression process 4-1 begins, until reaching the end of its stroke at point 1, where the initial pressure P 1-3 and temperature are reached again. T1, origin of the cycle corresponding to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1). The right chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1) operates in the same way as the left chamber, except that it is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the left chamber, activating the 2/3 valves (9) in the same way. to allow the heating or cooling of the working fluid in the heat exchanger (5) fed by the supply conduit of the heating thermal fluid (12) or the supply conduit of the cooling thermal fluid (11), leading to the realization of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from right to left and from left to right. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    The preferred configuration of the MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF PROCESSESPOLITROPIC and ADIABATIC, it is made up of at least one thermo cylinderdouble acting actuator that operates with a thermal working fluid such as helium orhydrogen, (which has to be the same for both chambers of the thermoactuator cylinder), heated and cooled alternately to perform mechanical work whileadvance and retract the piston of each thermo-actuator cylinder operating according to athermal cycle formed by two closed polytropic processes and two closed processesadiabatic, where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises:-double effect thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3)-double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2)-double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod (3)-heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double thermo-actuator cylindereffect (4) intended to alternately heat and cool the left chamber of thecylinder.-heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double thermo-actuator cylindereffect (5) intended to alternately heat and cool the right chamber of thecylinder.- 2/3 valve (two positions and three ways) for inlet of the heating fluidsand cooling to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8)- 2/3 inlet valve for heating and cooling fluids to the chamberright of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9)- 2/3 outlet valve for heating and cooling thermal fluids to theleft chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10)- 2/3 outlet valve for heating and cooling thermal fluids to theright chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11)-heating fluid supply duct (12)-cooling thermal fluid supply duct (13)-the heating fluid return duct (14)-cooling thermal fluid return duct (15)
    The alternatives to choose only one among different working fluids (which must be the same for the two chambers of the cylinder), are: water, air, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen. The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal heating fluids are water, helium, hydrogen, or thermal oil with high specific heat. The alternatives to choose only one among different thermal cooling fluids are water, air, helium or hydrogen.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1st. MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF POLLTROPIC PROCESSES andADIABATICOS, characterized by being made up of one or more double-effect thermo-actuating cylinders, each of which operates with a thermal fluidsuch as helium or hydrogen, (which can alternatively be helium orhydrogen and has to be the same for both chambers of the thermo-actuator cylinder),alternately heated and cooled to perform mechanical work when advancing andback the piston of each thermo-actuator cylinder operating according to a thermal cycleformed by two closed polytropic processes and two closed adiabatic processes,where each thermo-actuator cylinder comprises:-double effect thermo-actuator cylinder (1) equipped with piston (2) and rod (3)-double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder piston (2)-double acting thermo-actuator cylinder rod (3)-heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double thermo-actuator cylindereffect (4) intended to alternately heat and cool the left chamber of thecylinder.-heat exchanger of the right chamber of the double thermo-actuator cylindereffect (5) intended to alternately heat and cool the right chamber of thecylinder.-valve 2/3 (two positions and three ways) inlet of the heating fluidsand cooling to the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (8)- 2/3 inlet valve for heating and cooling fluids to the chamberright of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (9)- 2/3 outlet valve for heating and cooling thermal fluids to theleft chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (10)- 2/3 outlet valve for heating and cooling thermal fluids to theright chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (11)-heating fluid supply duct (12)-cooling thermal fluid supply duct (13)-the heating fluid return duct (14)-cooling thermal fluid return duct (15)
    2nd. Operating procedure of the MACHINE AND THERMAL CYCLE OF PROCESSESPOLYTHROPICS and ADIABATICS according to claim 1, characterized by the cycle
    according to which, in the left chamber of each double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), the cycle begins by performing the polytropic heating process 1-2, until the pressure P2 corresponding to the temperature T 2 is reached, for which which is open the 2/3 valve (8) communicating the conduit (12) with the exchanger
    5 heat from the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4), exiting through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the line outlet duct (12), where this process leads to the realization mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from left to right. When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 2 have been reached,
    10 begins the process 2-3 of adiabatic expansion with work done, until reaching the end of its career at point 3, where the initial pressure P'-3 is reached. To achieve the return of the piston (2) with mechanical work, a polytropic cooling process 3-4 begins until the pressure P4 corresponding to the temperature T4 is reached, for which the 2/3 valve (8 )
    15 communicating the duct (13) with the heat exchanger of the left chamber of the double-acting thermo-actuator cylinder (4), exiting through the 2/3 valve (10) towards the outlet duct of the line (13) , where this process gives rise to the performance of mechanical work due to the displacement of the piston (2) from right to left. When the pressure and temperature conditions of point 4 have been reached,
    20 begins the 4-1 adiabatic compression process, until it reaches the end of its stroke at point 1, where the initial pressure P'-3 and temperature T "origin of the cycle corresponding to the left chamber of the thermo cylinder is reached again. -double effect actuator (1).
    FIGURE 1
    T
    FIGURE
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