专利摘要:
The irrigation system for bonsai comprises a reservoir (3) of water, a pot (2) in which a substrate (31) for a bonsai and irrigation means (5; 28) of the water in said reservoir (3) is housed. to said substrate (31), and characterized in that the system comprises a humidity detector (29) disposed on said substrate (31), which detects the moisture degree of the substrate (31) and determines the activation of said irrigation means (5; 28) when the moisture content of the substrate (31) is less than a predetermined value. It allows irrigation and automatic and intelligent specific care for the cultivation of bonsai. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2657301A1
申请号:ES201631145
申请日:2016-09-02
公开日:2018-03-02
发明作者:Nuria LOSADA PLA;Manuel Francesc LOSADA PLA
申请人:Nuria LOSADA PLA;Manuel Francesc LOSADA PLA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

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DESCRIPTION
Bonsai Irrigation System
The present invention relates to an irrigation system for bonsai, which allows irrigation and automatic and intelligent care specific to the cultivation of bonsai.
Background of the invention
The existing autonomous irrigation systems in the field of bonsai, for domestic care, include the so-called background irrigation system by capillarity, or by capillarity by absorbent wick.
When this irrigation system is used, the bonsai pots, with their perforated bases, are placed on a container that contains water as a deposit, where the transfer of water from the tank to the pot is done by connecting one or several absorbent wicks that connect the water in the tank with the substrate of the pot, inserting the wick into the substrate itself through the holes in the base of the pot. What this wick does is transmit water from the tank to the substrate continuously by capillarity effect, so that the pot substrate can absorb water from the tank.
With this method of irrigation, there is the disadvantage that it produces an excess of moisture, since the wick continuously transmits water to the substrate, made uncontrolled by the caregiver, which over time favors the rotting of the roots and the soil, giving also as a result that said substrate becomes acidic.
In addition to this inconvenience, this system does not facilitate or take into account the correct drainage of the substrate, as well as the ventilation / aeration, a fact that favors the acidification of the lower part of the substrate of the pot, inhibiting the correct development of the roots, or that in summer, make the heat and a constant humidity can produce fungi in the roots that rot the whole plant in a day or two, and that when it is appreciated, it is usually already too late.
This system also has the disadvantage that it is only indicated for limited risks to short periods of caregiver absence, which does not constitute a system of
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autonomous irrigation that can be used as a usual irrigation method for the care of this type of plants, especially delicate according to the type of species.
Another drawback to take into account is that this method does not solve other needs of the plant, as well as the ideal conditions for its care, care that mostly requires expert knowledge from the caregiver, and that without it, ends with death of the plant shortly after acquiring it.
It also has the disadvantage that it is impractical and functional when performing other types of tasks that this type of plant needs for its care, as well as an aesthetic that is not very consistent with the philosophy of the bonsai world.
In the tradition of the bonsai world, the elements that make up your presentation for the caregiver are three: the bonsai, its pot and a small low-rise table that is placed under the pot, so that the pot, with the holes in its lower base, do not come into contact with the surface where the bonsai has been exposed.
In the world of bonsai and its philosophy, especially in the West, they play an important decorative role. If to this basic system the caregiver chooses to incorporate the system of autonomous irrigation of wick by capillarity, this is placed between the table and the pot, configuring an appalling and little aesthetic set, at the same time that little functional for the reasons that are described then.
In addition, the continuous moisture provided by the capillarity wick system hinders the correct drainage of the substrate. It is very important to avoid the pooling of the substrate.
Bonsai irrigation requires more attention and frequency than any plant crop at the domestic level, since it is a type of crop with pots that contain little substrate, both in volume and depth. Depending on the weather, the season and the species, irrigation needs may vary between several irrigations per day in summer, and one irrigation per week or less in winter. The best way to carry out the irrigation is to soak the entire substrate from the top, avoiding that the water remains in the base.
Bonsai in addition to irrigation need many other specific and delicate care, such as irrigation of the cup, pruning, fertilizer, changing the substrate, etc. If we perform these tasks with a wick capillarity irrigation system we find the
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inconvenient that it is impractical, since in each operation we will find the wicks inserted in the substrate hanging from the pot and dripping, having to introduce or remove the wick according to what type of operation we want to perform, either from the tank or be from the substrate.
The absence of autonomous irrigation systems, suitable for the usual care of this type of plants, which at the same time provide precisely the necessary water at the necessary time of substrate moisture depending on the species of the plant, in a way that allows preserving the acidity and humidity of the substrate, and at the same time solving the rest of the aforementioned inconveniences, causes the present invention to be configured as an integral solution to all this, resulting in a functional and intelligent set that covers all the specific needs of the type of plant.
Description of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a bonsai irrigation system that is practical, compact and functional in all the tasks that make up the care of this type of plants, providing the caregiver with the advantage that this, without being an expert in the matter, can successfully cultivate any kind of bonsai, forgetting its rigorous care in terms of irrigation needs, pruning, fertilizer, cup irrigation, or changing the substrate, also providing an ideal microclimate around the plant that improves environmental conditions necessary for the care of the plant.
Regarding irrigation, the system intelligently allows you to apply the water in the most suitable part of the substrate for irrigation, apply it in the correct way, and at the optimum time for the type of species.
The present invention is defined in accordance with the features of claim 1. Additional optional features are defined in the dependent claims.
The system guarantees the hydric needs of the bonsai by means of a tank with a variable capacity, depending on the size of the plant, which provides by means of a pumping or suction system from the tank, the necessary water from the plant, circulating it from the tank to the substrate the plant through ducts and nozzles, located in different points of the pot.
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In the preferred embodiment, these nozzles are located around the upper part of the potting substrate, in variable quantity to provide a homogeneous irrigation, quantity and distribution that will vary according to the size of the plant, so the system will be configured in Different standard sizes.
These nozzles allow irrigation from the top of the substrate, simulating the method of natural irrigation by nature's own rain, and spray irrigation, a fact that favors the environmental humidity around the plant and the irrigation of the cup, creating a microclimate Surround the plant when necessary. Microclimate that is complemented with moisture from the evaporation of water from the substrate itself, together with the evaporation of water from the drainage of the pot that is deposited in the base container, and together with the moisture that evaporates from the own perspiration of the plant.
By means of a humidity detector located in the substrate, the system guarantees the ideal time for watering, as well as the amount of water and the duration of the irrigation, as well as the interval, being configured as an intelligent system, a fact that allows covering the different water needs of each species (indoor and outdoor species of varied climates).
For the successful cultivation of these plants it is necessary that the alternating moisture-dryness curve that stimulates their growth and that is what evolution has adopted them, is precise so as not to fail in their cultivation. The frequency of irrigation will be determined by different parameters: dryness / humidity of the substrate, species, size of the plant, and soil / substrate mixture, among others. Parameters that the system incorporates through a caregiver / plant interface that is configured by the caregiver, for example, through a mobile application, configuring the automation of the system according to the type of species acquired.
This means that the system is able to detect when the tree needs to be watered and in what way, activating irrigation when the substrate is slightly dry, watering from the top of the substrate and at leisurely intervals so that the root ball and the entire of the plant's root system, in order to optimize water absorption.
This irrigation system, at the same time, avoids attacking and dragging the upper part of the pot's substrate. The system also incorporates an environmental humidity detector, in order to know
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when you should spray the cup
The pot of the system also incorporates holes in the part where the substrate is housed in order to ensure proper drainage after each irrigation, leading the water from this drain to the system's base container, where it is deposited so that by Environmental evaporation provide moisture around the plant.
The present invention provides a compact, monobloc system that allows to cover all the needs for optimum care, fulfilling the decorative and practical objective sought in the western world.
Thus, with the present invention the dedication and the time necessary for the care of this type of small trees is reduced. The failure in the cultivation of the first bonsai of a novel caregiver, in a type of high-priced plants, means that in most cases the consumer does not repeat in acquiring a new copy, it is more, if he repeats he usually fails again. Therefore, another objective that the present invention seeks, is that the first crop does not fail, and therefore, does not lose a potential consumer, and this becomes habitual and is interested in the cultivation and hobby of this type of plants.
Brief description of the drawings
To better understand how much has been exposed, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, several embodiments are represented.
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the system according to the present invention in a sectional elevational view along the line I-I in Figure 2;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the system of Figure 1, without its base;
Figure 3 is an exploded elevational view in section of the system of Figure 1;
Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the system according to the present invention in a sectional elevational view along the line IV-IV in Figure 5;
Figure 5 is a plan view of the system of Figure 1, without its base;
Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the present invention, in the figure in elevation in section; Y
Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the system according to the present invention, in the figure in section elevation.
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Description of preferred embodiments
All the embodiments of the system shown are intended to grow bonsai preferably, mainly for domestic use, by means of an intelligent and compact system that allows a rigorous and expert care of the plant, which is both functional and aesthetic. However, this system can also be used for the cultivation of other types of plants, also designed to be configured as an urban garden for domestic use, for example.
A first embodiment of the system according to the present invention is shown in Figures 1 to 3.
The system according to the present invention comprises a base 6, which acts as a system base tray. This base 6 receives water drained from an upper assembly through a drain point 14.
The base 6 is formed by a plurality of stones 13, for example, volcanic or decorative, or even sand, in order to create a microclimate by evaporation of the water drained to said base 6.
In this embodiment, evaporation of the drained water is favored, which provides environmental humidity, and a microclimate around the plant. However, it is also possible to recirculate the drained water back to the tank, by means of a pumping system.
This base 6 also fulfills a second function, to prevent water from projecting on the surface where the bonsai is exposed, a factor to be taken into account when the system has the ability to fog the glass.
The system according to the present invention also comprises a water tank 3 provided with an inner body 4 embedded in a connector 11. Said tank 3 allows the system water to be accommodated to provide autonomy in irrigation.
The system according to the present invention also comprises at least one moisture detector 29 that is inserted into the substrate, which allows an automatic and intelligent irrigation system to be configured for this type of small trees.
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This humidity sensor 29 can also be complemented with other electronic measuring devices (not shown in the figures) for other parameters: water level, temperature, light, etc.
The tank 4 includes housings 12 that can be located at any point of its perimeter on the side closest to the plant next to a pot 2. In this embodiment four blind housings 12 symmetrically distributed around such perimeter are detailed, although These can vary from a single accommodation to those necessary to cover the entire perimeter of the surface subject to irrigation. In these housings 12 is where irrigation nozzles 5 are located, fitting in said housings 12.
It should be noted that these housings 12 can also be through, so that the connection of a tube for the passage of water to the nozzles 5 can be made in a connector 16 or through the base of the nozzle 5.
These connectors 16 allow the connection of the nozzles 5 to a pumping system, and in turn interconnect them between them so that they work in series or parallel by means of the pumping system.
In addition, this housing 12 makes it easier for the nozzle 5 to be integrated in the tank 3, so that when it is desired to remove the pot 2 from the system assembly, it can freely exit and separate from the system without dragging any connection, and without needing Disconnect any component, thus facilitating any plant care task (pruning, changing the substrate, trimming roots) that requires removing the pot 2 to work with the plant in another space, constituting a comfortable and functional system.
This is achieved through holes 18 of the pot 2, which are arranged according to the number of irrigation nozzles 5 that are arranged in the system, in order to facilitate the extraction of the pot 2.
The pot 2 has drain holes 17 located at its base and on the perimeter sides in the part that constitutes the envelope of the substrate housing inside the pot 2. These drain holes 17 have a variable geometry according to the diameter of the substrate , so that it does not slip between the holes. In the case of fine substrates, in addition, the system can incorporate a geotextile fabric in the pot 2 to prevent this
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Drain through said drain holes 17 after irrigation. The drainage of the pot 2 is carried out through a drain point 14 of the tank 3 towards the base 6.
The pot 2, can have on its lateral perimeter ventilation openings 7, in order to facilitate the aeration of the substrate, at least on one of its sides, with a variable shape, arrangement and geometry.
Between the pot 2 and the tank 3 there is a lid 1 provided with a point 10 for filling the tank 3, in order to facilitate the recharge of water when it has run out, with a variable location, geometry and size.
In addition, this cover 1 comprises a shoulder 8 in all or part of the perimeter, to properly fit the pot 2. The lid further comprises grooves 9 to facilitate the passage of system pipes connected in the irrigation nozzles 5 in the connector 16 or at the base of the nozzles 5.
The slots 9 are also variable in number, arrangement and geometry according to the number of nozzles 5. These slots 9 allow to remove the cover 1 of the system without the need to disconnect any tube, nor remove the nozzles 5. This cover 1 at the same time serves to Once the pot 2 has been removed, said lid 1 can be removed to access the tank 3 for system maintenance purposes, since it is where the pumping system and the system automatisms can be housed.
In order to automate irrigation, the system according to the present invention comprises at least one moisture detector 29 inserted in the substrate, as indicated above, and other measuring devices can be incorporated to monitor other parameters.
Once a certain parameter of dryness has been reached after irrigation, the system monitors it by means of humidity sensor 29 to know when to activate automatic irrigation. This system allows watering in stages, not all at once, which favors the absorption of the substrate. The system measures the humidity of the substrate, although it can also monitor temperature, ambient humidity, light and water level, and if desired even the level of fertilizer, incorporating in the latter case, a small tank integrated into the system containing the subscriber liquid. These elements have not been represented in the drawings for simplicity, and would be inserted in a separate housing
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located inside tank 3 or located at the base or sides of the system.
The control of these parameters is preferably performed by software, for example, by an application for mobile telephony that would be activated at the time of acquiring the plant, matching species and system. From this pairing, all the parameters are already automated based on the application database that would contain information regarding the irrigation and care of said species, automating the irrigation, including the subscriber, and informing the user of the pruning moment , wiring, root trimming or substrate change.
A second embodiment of the system according to the present invention is shown in Figures 4 and 5.
For simplicity, the same reference numbers are used to identify the same or equivalent elements.
The main difference of this second embodiment with respect to the first embodiment is the drainage of the system, favoring that only a part of the water drained from the pot 2 passes to the base tray 6.
In this embodiment, the drain point 14 is higher with respect to the base 6 defining a shoulder, so that it acts as an overflow line, as can be seen in Figure 4. This shoulder makes a part of the water drained from the pot 2 is retained inside the inner body 4 of the tank 3.
The rest of the drainage water overflows through said drainage point 14 towards the base 6, preventing the drainage of 100% of the drained water and leaving a part of it for resorption through the substrate of the pot 2 through holes 20, shown in Figure 5, which can be of variable shape and geometry. For this, these holes 20 are incorporated in the pot 2 by means of four legs 19 located in the lower part of the pot.
These legs 19 and these holes 20 allow the substrate to be able to reabsorb the part of the water that has not drained, and that has been trapped in the inner body 4 up to the height of the overflow line of the drain point 14 towards the base 6. This variation of the inner body 4 facilitates the contact of the pot 2 with the upper surface of the inner body 4,
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where said part of drainage water is housed that is not transferred to base 6.
It should be noted that the rest of the system elements of the second embodiment are the same as the system elements of the first embodiment, although they are not represented or described in this second embodiment for simplicity.
A third embodiment of the system according to the present invention is shown in Figure 6. As in the previous embodiments, for the sake of simplicity the same reference numbers are used to identify the same elements or equivalent elements.
This embodiment is a more economical and simple variant of the system, with a lower aesthetic functionality than the previous embodiments.
This embodiment also allows that traditional grower, with a fondness for ceramic oriental pots, can combine the use of the system of the present invention and its benefits with the use of said pots.
This embodiment of the system does not include a base, and the tank 3 does not comprise an inner body 4. In addition, the tank 3 may comprise legs 22 to facilitate the grip of the assembly.
The lid 1 has its inclined surface under the pot 2, which can be ceramic, capable of draining at some point, such as, for example, in the drainage points 14, all the water drained from the pot 2 after irrigation , and redirect it again to the tank 3. The drain point 14 towards the tank is of variable geometry, size and location. This drain point 14 can be of the grid type if the user wishes to incorporate volcanic stone or the like, or decorative stone, into the lid, so that it does not drain into the tank.
Sand can also be incorporated on the lid 1, in which case the drainage point 14 would be equipped with geotextile fabric to prevent the passage of the sand towards the reservoir 3. This embodiment with sand as a decorative element allows a zen garden to be created around the bonsai of sand, integrating two products into one.
The cover 1 also comprises a filling hole 24 for filling the tank 2, of
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variable size, location and geometry, as well as a passage hole 25 for the wiring passage and a water pipe 27 from an irrigation point 28. The irrigation point 28 is connected to a humidity detector 29 which is inserted into a substrate 31 housed in the pot 2, and which can incorporate a tube for drip irrigation or an irrigation nozzle (not shown in Figure 6).
A fourth embodiment of the system according to the present invention is shown in Figure 7. Also in this case, the same reference numbers are used to identify the same elements or equivalent elements.
This fourth embodiment is very similar to the third embodiment, although the lid 1 and the reservoir 3 are somewhat different.
As in the previous embodiment, the cover 1 comprises a drain point 14 towards the tank 3, which may also contain a grid, and a hole 25 for the passage of the wiring and the water pipe 27 of the irrigation point 28, which is the same than the previous embodiment.
The lid 1 in this embodiment is not an envelope type cover of the reservoir 3. Said lid 1 can also incorporate a filling hole for filling the reservoir 3.
It should be noted that the first and second embodiments can be applied as a domestic urban garden, in addition, the first, second, third and fourth embodiments can also be used for any type of potted plant grown domestically.
Although reference has been made to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is apparent to one skilled in the art that the described system is susceptible to numerous variations and modifications, and that all the mentioned details can be replaced by other technically equivalent ones, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.
权利要求:
Claims (14)
[1]
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1. Bonsai irrigation system, comprising a reservoir (3) of water, a pot (2) inside which a substrate (31) for a bonsai and irrigation means (5; 28) of water in said reservoir is housed (3) to said substrate (31), characterized in that the system comprises a humidity detector (29) disposed in said substrate (31), which detects the degree of moisture of the substrate (31) and determines the activation of said means of irrigation (5; 28) when the moisture content of the substrate (31) is less than a predetermined value.
[2]
2. System according to claim 1, wherein said irrigation means comprise one or more irrigation nozzles (5).
[3]
3. System according to claim 1, wherein said irrigation means comprise an irrigation point (28) fed by a tube (27) from said reservoir (3).
[4]
4. System according to claim 1, which also comprises a detector of water level, temperature, light and / or ambient humidity.
[5]
5. System according to claim 1, wherein said pot (2) comprises a plurality of drain holes (17) arranged at the bottom and / or side walls.
[6]
6. System according to claim 1, which also comprises at least one drain point (14) between the reservoir (3) and the pot (2).
[7]
7. System according to claim 6, wherein said drain point (14) is disposed in an inner body (4) of said reservoir (3).
[8]
A system according to claim 6, wherein said drain point (14) defines a projection that acts as an overflow line for the water in said reservoir (3).
[9]
9. System according to any of the preceding claims, which also comprises a base (6).
[10]
10. System according to claim 9, wherein said base (6) comprises a plurality of stones (13) or sand.
[11]
11. System according to any of the preceding claims, which also comprises a lid (1) placed on said tank (3).
[12]
12. System according to claim 11, wherein on said lid (1) a plurality of stones (13) or sand are placed, the pot (2) being placed on said stones (13) or
on that sand.
[13]
13. System according to claim 2, wherein said reservoir (3) comprises a plurality of housings (12) for said irrigation nozzles (5).
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[14]
14. System according to claims 7 and 13, wherein said housings (12) are arranged in said inner body (4).
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
WO2018042069A1|2018-03-08|
ES2657301B1|2018-12-18|
EP3508054A1|2019-07-10|
JP2019526286A|2019-09-19|
US20190200549A1|2019-07-04|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
GB2426908A|2005-06-08|2006-12-13|Tekgenuity Ltd|Plant watering systems|
CN104604650A|2013-11-04|2015-05-13|丁芳英|Plant fixed-amount and timed water sprinkling network monitoring device|
FR2777417B1|1998-04-16|2000-05-26|Jean Marcel Toulotte|FLOWER AND PLANT BOTTLE, OUTDOOR, WITH SELF-CONTAINED AUTOMATIC WATERING, CONTROLLED AND INTEGRATED|
US8408229B2|2006-03-29|2013-04-02|Federal Pacific Trading, Inc.|Plant watering system|
WO2010017577A1|2008-08-09|2010-02-18|Senviro Pty Ltd|Water management system|
US20100064581A1|2008-09-12|2010-03-18|Johnson Dallas G|Automated plant support system|
法律状态:
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优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
ES201631145A|ES2657301B1|2016-09-02|2016-09-02|Irrigation system for bonsai|ES201631145A| ES2657301B1|2016-09-02|2016-09-02|Irrigation system for bonsai|
EP17800556.7A| EP3508054A1|2016-09-02|2017-09-01|Irrigation system for bonsais|
US16/330,242| US20190200549A1|2016-09-02|2017-09-01|Irrigation system for bonsais|
JP2019533695A| JP2019526286A|2016-09-02|2017-09-01|Irrigation system for bonsai|
PCT/ES2017/070594| WO2018042069A1|2016-09-02|2017-09-01|Irrigation system for bonsais|
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