• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Passive system of protection against overheating of thermal solar panels, integrated inside a flat plate collector that has rectangular reflector plates (6), located between the absorber plate (4) and the glass (5), which are attached to the side of the sensor and rotate on its axis, driven by the rotation of a bimetal helical spring (7) in thermal contact with the hot tube (3), mounted on the shaft (8) rotates by actuating the entire mechanism through a system formed by gears (9), (10) and (11) and belt (12). The platelets (6) normally allow the passage of solar radiation, but when the temperature increases above a certain value the bimetallic spring (7) deforms and rotates the platelets that reflect the solar radiation preventing overheating. The turn is reversed with the decrease in temperature. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2650290A1
    申请号:ES201630919
    申请日:2016-07-06
    公开日:2018-01-17
    发明作者:Joaquim Lloveras Macià；Júlia MONTAÑÀ TOR
    申请人:Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    Passive system for protection against overheating of solar thermal panels
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE 5

    The technical sector is that of thermal solar panels and overheat protection systems that can be produced especially in summer in this type of installation. Some of the International Classifications found in similar patents are: F24J2 / 46; F24J2 / 05; F24J3 / 02; F24J2 / 40; E06B9 / 26; E05F15 / 20. 10
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

    The overheating of the primary circuit of a solar thermal installation occurs because in summer it is when the solar radiation is highest and on the contrary the demand for DHW and heating decreases significantly. On the other hand, if in these periods of high irradiation there is a cut in the electrical supply that causes the stagnation of the primary circuit, the installation overheats due to the high temperatures reached in the plate due to greenhouse effect.
    In flat plate collectors the heat transfer liquid normally leaves the collectors at a temperature of 60 ° C to 70 ° C. From 80ºC to 90ºC degrees there is danger of overheating of the installation, being able to reach temperatures of more than 110ºC. These high temperatures damage the entire system: the heat transfer fluid degrades, as do the sensors, the thermal insulation and the absorbent layer and significantly decrease the performance of the entire system. 25
    Every installation incorporates some element that acts on this problem. The expansion vessel is responsible for counteracting variations in pressure due to the expansion of the liquid by increasing the temperature in a closed circuit. On the other hand, the safety valves open when a certain pressure of the circuit is reached and thus protect the system, but at the same time produce a waste of fluid, which flows into the drain. In addition, none of these elements prevents boiling of the heat transfer fluid. For this reason other systems are used to prevent this overheating.
    There are different means of preventing overheating of solar installations. Some solutions take advantage of the excess of thermal energy, others prevent this excess of energy from accumulating and the currently used ones actively eliminate the excess energy. 35
    One method to take advantage of excess thermal energy is to pour heat into the pool that does not
    it is needed, in this way a more pleasant bath temperature is achieved. This is an effective method, although there are facilities intended solely for this use and due to its simplicity and efficiency, if you want to heat a swimming pool it is advisable to make an independent installation to that of the ACS.
    The most commonly used systems are dissipation systems that eliminate excess energy. These systems, provided they are well sized, are very effective, but they have a drawback: their consumption of electrical energy. Both night cooling, as passive heatsinks, as active heatsinks require the heat transfer fluid to circulate through the primary circuit, and therefore the hydraulic pump is running and consumes energy. The active heatsinks, which are the most used, also have the electric consumption of the fan motor of the air heater.
    Other solutions prevent the accumulation of excess energy by decreasing the useful area of the collectors. One way of doing this is by tilting the collectors more than usual to preferentially capture the radiation in winter, so that in summer the rays fall with greater inclination and take less advantage, or by means of the strategic arrangement of eaves over the 15 collectors. These methods do not completely solve the problem.
    Another way to prevent excess energy from accumulating is through covers, curtains, or blinds. There are manual, efficient and economical covers, but you need safe and personal access capable of accessing the area of the collectors and covering them. This problem is resolved with automatic blinds or curtains, but these, in addition to consuming electrical energy, have maintenance problems when being rolled up and unwound, and can be damaged due to use, or extreme environmental conditions.
    On the other hand, there are numerous patents that attempt to solve the problem of overheating in flat plate collectors, some with ideas similar to the invention proposed in the present patent. 25
    Patent FR2506913 proposes several designs of absorbers, formed by fins made of a shape memory material. These fins are coated throughout their body of absorbent black paint except in a part that has been painted a reflective material. In normal operation the fins have such a form that the radiation reaches the black part, while when the temperature reaches high levels, the fins deform so that the reflective part of these are totally exposed to the solar radiation and reflect it.
    The ES2310470 patent presents an automatic blind model that does not consume electricity, but works thanks to a thermostatic actuator immersed in the collector output. It is formed by a set of mobile slats located externally on the plate that open or close to regulate the passage of the incident radiation. 35
    The ES2352939 patent presents a system for protecting heat pipe vacuum tubes by rotating reflectors inside the tube that move thanks to a bimetallic spring screwed into the evaporator tube.

    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION 5

    The system consists of a series of rectangular reflector plates (6) located between the heat absorber plate (4) and the transparent cover (5), inside the sensor. These platelets (6) are arranged horizontally on the collector and with the two ends attached to the sides of the thermal insulating layer (2) by means of rotating joints, they are of the minimum thickness and maximum width possible depending on the space available between the absorber plate (4) and the transparent cover (5). The reflector platelets (6) are rectangular and have their two main faces of reflective finish of sunlight and their function is to act as a screen and thus prevent solar radiation from reaching the absorber (4) and, therefore, prevent it from continuing to increase the collector temperature, when there is a danger of overheating of the installation. The reflector platelets (6) are rectangular formed by a single sheet, or by a sheet with its folded edges, or formed by two sheets joined by its edges, to give greater consistency to the deformation.
    During normal operation of the installation, these platelets (6) are facing almost perpendicularly to the collector, so that solar radiation penetrates the collector and impacts 20 against an absorber element (4) of said radiation, which together with the greenhouse effect inside from the plate, the fluid is heated. This position of the platelets (6) can be adjusted from the outside depending on the location of the sensor so that said platelets (6) do not affect their performance. When the temperature rises above a certain value, the platelets (6) begin to rotate until they are completely parallel on the collector (figure 11). 25 In this situation, since the platelets are made of metal or of a polished metallic surface and therefore have a very high reflectance, the solar rays that penetrate the collector are reflected before reaching the absorber (4), and consequently, The system does not heat up anymore.
    This protection system against the plate overheating is automatically activated by the action of a helical bimetallic spring (7), which changes its shape depending on the temperature. The bimetallic spring (7) is helical and is located inside the plate, on the hottest tube of the heat transfer fluid outlet, or on an axis near the area, or the tube, hotter on the plate. Coaxially to the helical spring (7) there is a rotating shaft (8) parallel to the reflector plates (6), which is located at the top of the plate and joined on each side of the insulating layer (2). This pier (7) has one of its 35 attached
    ends, fixed to the top of the tube rack (3) where the heat transfer fluid circulates through a thermal contact glue, in order to ensure maximum temperature transmission and that the spring temperature is as similar as possible to the of the heat transfer fluid. The temperature changes of the heat transfer fluid are transmitted to the bimetallic helical spring (7) and this is deformed by rotating on its axis, and transmitting this rotation of its free end, to the reflector plates (6) through a small gear system (9), (10), (11), and (12), also having a turning limit system.
    The reflector plates (6) and the rotating shaft (8) have a gear (11) and (9) at one of its ends, or at its two ends, respectively. A toothed belt (12) is incorporated in one, or both, sideways of the collector, which meshes with the sprockets (11) and (9) 10 ensures uniformity of rotation.
    The bimetallic spring (7) is fixed on the rotating shaft (8) and the strap (12) is at a minimum distance from the walls of the sensor. To ensure the belt contact with all platelet gears, auxiliary gears (10) that tension said belt (12) are added. fifteen
    In order for the system to function properly, it is necessary to take into account all the temperature variations that the bimetallic spring may suffer (8). At temperatures below the normal operating temperature, for example, during transport and assembly of the system, the bimetallic spring (7) can be deformed, but the reflector plates (6) must not rotate below a certain angle. On the other hand, given the possibility of overheating, it is necessary to ensure that the rotation of the platelets (6) does not exceed the horizontal position and turn more than 90º, towards the other side, since then the solar radiation would penetrate the collector and The temperature would continue to rise. Thus, it is necessary to incorporate elements that limit the rotation of the platelets (6) and that at the same time allow the rotation of the spring (7) when it undergoes a temperature change, so as not to generate excessive tensions and 25 exceed the elastic limit of the material . For this, the following solution is designed for said platelet rotation limitation system (6):
    In the first place, the axis of the spring (8) is not always integral to the gears (9) of its ends, so that there is a certain degree of freedom of rotation in the axis of the spring (8) independently of the gears (9 ). This mechanism is shown in figures 5, 6 and 7. 30 The spring axis (8) attached to the side of the insulating layer (2) and a gear (9) at its end is shown. A stop (13) is welded to the shaft (8) and moves freely through a groove of the gear (9). Figure 5 corresponds to a temperature below the operating temperature. As the temperature rises, the spring (7) begins to rotate, and with it the shaft (8) integral with it, but not the reflective platelets (6). Figure 6 corresponds to the situation in 35
    plate operating temperature. From this moment on and if the temperature continues to rise, the stop (13) will push the gear (9) rotating in solidarity with the shaft (8).
    Secondly, a system has been incorporated to limit the rotation of the platelets (6) between the complete opening during normal working operation and the total closing of the platelets (6) due to the danger of overheating. This mechanism is shown in Figures 5 6 and 7. It is an elongated cylindrical groove (14) on the sides of the insulating layer (2) where a small guide pivot (15) integral with the gear (9) fits. This limits the rotation of the gear (9) and therefore that of the reflector plates (6). In figure 6 the reflector plates (6) have the normal opening, while in figure 7 they are parallel to the sensor preventing overheating of the installation. 10
    Once the danger of overheating has passed, the temperature begins to decrease and, the spring (7) and, therefore, the axis (8), begin to turn in the opposite direction. In this situation it is necessary for the gear (9) to rotate in solidarity with them. To do this and avoid turning the shaft (8) and not the gear (9), a ratchet system, or a certain roughness (16) has been incorporated in the upper part of the shaft stop (13) and in the left end of the groove of the gear (9), so that the frictional force between the shaft (8) and the gear (9) is sufficient to make the system rotate in solidarity until the platelets (6) are fully open, where, if the temperature continues to fall, it will continue to rotate only the shaft (8) and not the gear (9).
    The positioning of the rotation limitation system can be adjusted from the outside of the plate, manipulating it through the elongated cylindrical groove (14).
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    Figure 1 shows an exploded view of the flat plate, with the outer shell (1), the thermal insulating layer (2), the heat exchange tubes (3), the absorber plate (4) and the cover transparent (5), as well as the main elements that make up the overheat protection system, the reflector plates (6), the bimetallic helical spring (7), the axis of the spring (8), the gears (9), ( 10) and (11) and toothed belt (12).
    Figure 2 shows a plan view of the upper end of the plate, with the bimetallic coil spring 30 (7) on the shaft (8), with one of its ends fixed and in thermal contact with the outlet tube of the heat exchange tubes (3) and the other end fixed to the shaft (8).
    Figure 3 shows an isometric view of the flat plate with the overheat protection system formed by the reflector plates (6) actuated by the helical bimetallic spring (7) mounted on the shaft (8) and the gears (9) , (10) and (11) and belt 35
    toothed (12).
    Figure 4 shows a side view in detail of the transmission system that is installed on one side of the plate, and which is formed by the gear (9) of the spring shaft (8), the gears (11) integral with the end of the reflector plates (6), the auxiliary gears (10) and the toothed belt (12). 5
    Figure 5 shows a detail in isometric view of the rotation limiter system when the temperature is lower than the usual operating temperature of the plate, where the shaft (8) can rotate freely without rotating the gear (9), and with it the reflector plates (6), until the stop (13) reaches the left end of the gear (9).
    Figure 6 shows a detail in isometric view of the rotation limiter system at the usual operating temperature of the plate, the reflector plates (6) being open allowing the sun's rays to pass, where the stop (13) of the axis ( 8) is in contact with the left end of the gear groove (9) and the guide pin (15) welded to the gear (9) is at the right end of the elongated cylindrical groove (14) of the insulating layer (2).
    Figure 7 shows a detail in isometric view of the rotation limiter system at the superheat temperature 15, where the gear (9) and the shaft (8) have rotated jointly from the position of Figure 6 (working temperature), until the reflector platelets (6) are parallel to the plate preventing the sun's rays from passing, the guide pin (15) being welded to the gear (9) in this position at the left end of the elongated cylindrical groove (14 ) of the insulating layer (2). twenty
    Figure 8 shows a diagram of the rotation limiter system, with a roughness (16) at the top of the stop (13) and at the left end of the gear groove (9), so that, from the position shown in figure 7, when the temperature decreases, gear (9) and shaft (8) rotate jointly to the normal operating temperature, as shown in figure 6. 25
    Figure 9 shows a side view for a system configuration, the incidence of solar radiation in winter, where most of the solar rays directly affect the absorber (4), without being reflected in the reflective platelets ( 6).
    Figure 10 shows a side view for a system configuration, the incidence of solar radiation in summer, where most of the solar rays affect the absorber 30 (4), once reflected in the reflective platelets (6) . Figure 11 shows a side view of the system in a position of protection against overheating, where the reflector plates (6) are parallel on the absorber (4) preventing the sun's rays from heating it, reflecting them outwards.  35 PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

    Without being limiting, a specific embodiment of the present invention is set forth below:
    Flat solar collector with a series of rectangular metallic reflector plates (6) The 5 platelets (6) are located between the heat absorber (4) and the transparent cover (5), arranged horizontally on the collector. During normal operation of the installation, these platelets (6) are facing almost perpendicularly to the collector to let the Sun pass, but before reaching the overheating temperature the platelets (6) begin to rotate until they are completely parallel on the collector and stop So the 10 solar rays.
    The rotation of these platelets (6) occurs automatically through the action of a helical bimetallic spring (7). Coaxially to the helical spring (7) a rotating shaft (8) is located inside it parallel to the reflector plates (6), which is located on the top of the plate and joined on each side of the insulating layer (2). This spring (7) has one of its 15 fixed ends at the top of the tube rack (3) through which the heat transfer fluid circulates, by means of a thermal contact glue.
    The reflector plates (6) and the rotating shaft (8) have a single gear at each end (11) and (9) respectively, in addition to two auxiliary gears (10) and a toothed belt (12). The bimetallic spring (7) has been fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft (8), in the upper part 20 of the center of the plate and the belt (12) is at a minimum distance from the inner side wall of the sensor.
    To limit the rotation of the platelets (6) there is a stop (13) welded to the shaft (8) that moves through the groove of the gear (9) in solidarity or not with it depending on the temperature. It also incorporates an elongated cylindrical groove (14) on one side of the insulating layer (2) where a small guide pivot (15) integral with the gear (9) fits. Finally, there is a certain roughness (16) in the upper part of the shaft stop (13) and in the left end of the gear groove (9) so that they rotate in solidarity by scrubbing until a superior force separates them. 30
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]

    1. Passive system for protection against overheating of solar thermal panels formed by a flat collector comprising the housing (1), an insulating layer (2), heat exchange tubes (3), an absorber plate (4) and a transparent cover (5), 5 characterized by having reflective platelets (6) located between the absorber plate (4) and the transparent cover (5) inside the sensor, which are attached to the sides of the sensor so that they rotate on its axis thanks to a transmission system formed by gears (9), (10), (11) and belts (12), which moves with the rotation of a bimetallic spring (7), caused by temperature changes , and which is mounted on a shaft (8). 10

    [2]
    2. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, characterized by having several rectangular reflector plates (6), attached to the sides of the collector which rotate on its longitudinal axis, of the minimum thickness and maximum possible width according to the available space enters the absorber plate (4) and the transparent cover 15 (5) to be able to cover the catchment area of the sensor with the least number of platelets possible.

    [3]
    3. Passive system for protection against overheating, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the reflector plates (6) are rectangular and have their two main faces 20 of reflective finish of sunlight.

    [4]
    4. Passive overheat protection system according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflector plates (6) are rectangular formed by a single sheet, or by a sheet with its folded edges, or formed by two sheets 25 joined by their edges , to give greater consistency to the deformation.

    [5]
    5. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bimetallic spring (7) is helical and is located inside the plate, on the hottest tube of the heat transfer fluid outlet, or on a nearby axis to the area, or to the 30 tube, hotter than the plate.

    [6]
    6. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1 and 5, characterized by having, in the upper part of the collector, a bimetallic helical spring (7) integral with one end to a coaxial axis (8) and with the another free end joined and with good thermal contact by means of thermal glue, to the heat exchange tubes (3) of such
    so that the temperature changes of the heat transfer fluid cause the deformation of the spring (7) and this causes the rotation of its support axis (8) which is coaxial and is inside the central space of the spring (7).

    [7]
    7. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, 5, 5 and 6, characterized by having a shaft movement transmission system (8) on one side of the plate integrated by at least one gear (9 ) at one end of the shaft (8), of auxiliary gears (10), of a gear (11) integral to one end of each reflector plate (6) and of a toothed belt (12) that meshes with all the previous gears, This system can be incorporated at both ends of the plate to distribute forces and facilitate rotation of the reflector plates (6).

    [8]
    8. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a stop (13) integrally attached to the shaft (8) that fits and moves through a groove of the gear (9), the shaft (8) moving ) and the gear (9) 15 in solidarity only at the end of the path when the stop (13) touches at the ends of the groove, these elements forming a rotation limiting system of the reflector plates (6), so that they rotate only when the temperature changes occur around the overheating temperature and thus allowing the deformation of the spring (7) without this turning the platelets when the temperature changes occur at low temperatures. twenty

    [9]
    9. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rotation limitation system formed by an elongated cylindrical groove (14) in the insulating layer (2) and a guide pivot (15) attached jointly with the gear (9) that ensure that the rotation of the reflector plates (6) does not exceed the established limits, since when the guide pin (15) touches the ends of the elongated cylindrical groove (14), the system does not It can keep turning.

    [10]
    10. Passive overheat protection system according to claim 1, 7, 8 and 9, characterized by incorporating an element that ensures simultaneous rotation of the shaft (8) and 30 of the gear (9) when the system passes from the position protection against overheating to the normal state of energy supply, this being a ratchet system or by rough surfaces (16) that complement each other.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2650290B1|2018-10-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2030350A|1933-04-10|1936-02-11|Carl G Fisher|Solar operated refrigerating system|
    US4220139A|1978-09-15|1980-09-02|Ramsden James B|Solar panel shielding|
    NL9001464A|1990-06-27|1992-01-16|Nl Mij Voor En En Milieu B V|Temperature control of solar heating - has parallel shutter slats hinged and connected by cable to temperature dependent actuator|
    ES2352939A1|2008-12-31|2011-02-17|Ferrero Adolfo Luis Lopez|Vacuum-tube solar collector with overheating protection by means of a rotating reflector|
    CN202195601U|2011-03-18|2012-04-18|颜世龙|Shutter type solar heat collecting box|
    法律状态:
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