• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Foldable modular structure that minimizes the material needed to meet security requirements depending on the light to be covered. The system of folding and unfolding of the structure facilitates and lowers the transport; it is versatile and adapts to many different uses; and reduces the cost for the maximum use of the necessary material. It comprises at least two pillars, each consisting of the unión of two vertical substructures joined together and each of them comprising at least one basic pillar module (a), an upper top module (b), and a module bottom finish (c). It also comprises a beam, formed at least by the unión of two horizontal substructures of which each one comprises at least one basic beam module (d). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2646420A1
    申请号:ES201630798
    申请日:2016-06-10
    公开日:2017-12-13
    发明作者:María Dolores GÓMEZ PULIDO；Juan Carlos SANCHO ARELLANO；Juan GARCÍA MILLÁN；Mariano MOLINA INIESTA；Fernando Del Ama Gonzalo
    申请人:UNIVERSIDAD SAN PABLO CEU；SAN PABLO CEU, University of；Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FOLDABLE MODULAR STRUCTURE
    D E S C R I P C I ON
    5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention is framed within the technical field of construction and more specifically of the provisional folding structures.
    10 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Since 1930 the use of structures conformed with bars in the technical field of construction has been generalized, especially in roofs with large lights. The flat roofs of metal bars and the dome with one or more layers of bars are well known and the improvements currently introduced in this type of structures are aimed at the elements of union between bars that are the most conflictive.
    Within the scope of the present invention we find other structures formed by stress transmitting lattices with high flexural stiffness as described in US Patent 2004/0231074 A1. In general they are characterized by using a large amount of material and a large number of pieces to achieve the strength and stiffness necessary to absorb useful loads and the stresses caused by them with permissible deformations. These structures use materials that raise the weight of the assembly as described in ES 2 027418, WO 2005/012644 and US 6857156 B1 and require the use of heavy machinery and complex installation works.
    It is known for example the document ES8505073 which describes a structure that is obtained from modular groups of simple or complex spatial blades that are successively added to form a large mesh in space. Once its assembly is finished, it configures an articulated structure made of bars that can take different forms and is used for various uses, but a method for its transportation and assembly on site is not described.
    Structures, such as that described in CN203050147, are also known, which
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    They focus on solving very specific technical problems, such as the creation of bridges with a certain inclination. These types of structures are very heavy and use welding as a joint system between the bars.
    5 CN203247868 describes an auxiliary temporary structure for building construction
    or bridges It is a modular, transportable and removable system, but does not contemplate its use once the main structure of which it has served as an auxiliary structure has been completed.
    10 An example of a structure consisting of crossbars in scissors and cables would be US430935 A which describes a structure for transportable and folding bridge. The rods and cables form successive flat structures formed by cross modules, the vertical supports having a base module and a top end module at the ends of the intermediate modules. The horizontal structure comprises 15 central modules and ends of union with the vertical supports.
    Document CN201212249 Y discloses a modular structure such as scaffolding, which is transportable and foldable, based on tubular bars and cables with two lifting supports formed by cross bars that support an upper gangway. Each of the 20 supports is formed by scissor-shaped cross-bar segments, one existing at the base on the support beam, and another upper segment to which the upper platform joins. These segments are combined in a vertical plane that joins horizontal bars and crosses with another parallel vertical plane later.
    25 US188266 A discloses a modular or segment structure, which is transportable, foldable and detachable, formed by bars and cables that make up modules or segments that form flat structures that are joined by horizontal bars and in which the modules are formed by San Andres cross diagonal bars joined by pins and whose ends are joined by pins to 30 other bars. In turn, each bar consists of two bars that are joined together by an intermediate pin. A cable joins the knots with the crossing of the diagonals. In this structure there are no cables that join the outer ends of the diagonal bars, as they are also bars.
    Document GB726658 A proposes a transportable and foldable structure formed by diagonal bars forming intersections with an intersection point, and which join at their ends with other bars that are articulated each at their midpoints. At these points there are seals with locking shackles.
    5
    Document US4628560 A shows a modular, transportable, folding and detachable structure based on tubular bars and cables. The bars intersect forming a cross of San Andres, with the lower outer ends pulled together by a cable, and the compressed upper ends joined by bars.
    10
    Document US530120 A discloses a transportable, folding and detachable structure with multiple uses, such as bridge, tower, scaffolding, ladder, etc. based on pairs of crossed bars in the shape of a cross of San Andres by its point of intersection in a plane, joined at the ends by bars to the ends of other cross bars in another plane, and with platforms or articulated bars in a end of the cross bars that are fixed externally, or internally with another end of said cross bars by means of a teeth that fixes them on the cross bars. Cables or ropes allow decoupling.
    20 In summary, deployable metal structures are known in the state of the art, but they are very expensive and are not reusable. Modular bridges of high cost and complicated assembly are also known, and provisional stage structures are known but they do not allow to save large lights and that have complicated transport and assembly systems.
    25
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The modular folding structure of the present invention is transportable, multipurpose and reusable. It consists of a plurality of tubular bars of steel, aluminum 30 and / or reinforced polymers, and steel cables.
    The structure can be used as an exhibition pavilion, sports hall, bridge-bridge, temporary storage warehouse, auxiliary structure for the construction of buildings, stage for public events and auxiliary cover.
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    The invention presented minimizes the material needed to meet safety requirements depending on the light to be covered. In addition, the structure has a folding and unfolding system that facilitates and reduces transport costs; it is versatile, since with a small number of elements it adapts to many different uses; and, in addition, it reduces the cost by the maximum use of the necessary material.
    The structure is made up of:
    - at least two pillars, comprising at least two vertical substructures joined together with at least:
    or a basic pillar module, or an upper auction module, and or a lower auction module;
    - at least one beam, formed by the union of two horizontal substructures comprising at least:
    or a basic beam module.
    In an example of realization, the structure also comprises at least one transition module in the beam, configured to be arranged between two basic beam modules.
    The beam is arranged between the pillars in the final assembly position of the structure, forming the lintel of the structure, and thus forming a portico.
    Each pillar is formed by the two vertical substructures, which are flat and joined together. The same goes for the beam, which is formed by the union of two horizontal substructures, which are flat and are joined together.
    Depending on the specific needs of the structure, as many porticos can be arranged as necessary, joining them together.
    The modules that make up the pillars and beams are formed from tubular diagonal bars, vertical and horizontal bars with a "U" section and cables. The materials of each element are selected considering that the modular structure
    folding will work primarily outdoors so they must be materials
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    durable.
    The sections of the rods and cables will depend on the service load as well as the choice of material and the length of the same.
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    In the folded position, the proposed structure occupies very little space and this allows to facilitate the transport operations of the structure from the storage place to the place where it is to be installed. Storage operations are also facilitated when not in use thanks to said improvement of the structure's handling and space saving.
    In addition, as the structure is designed to be assembled and disassembled (folded and unfolded) in a very simple way, it can be done with a small number of people, in a very short time and without needing heavy machinery. This considerably reduces its cost.
    It is also an object of the present invention the process of folding and unfolding the structure. For the deployment and assembly of the structure, the folded pillars must be placed in the position they will finally occupy. When the 20 pillars have been placed in the corresponding position, the pins that secure the union between the basic pillar modules and the lower retention modules are deployed and fixed. Then the beam is deployed horizontally, displaying the basic beam modules and the transition modules, and rises to its final position, where it joins the upper end modules of the pillars.
    25
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being carried out and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of said description is attached as an integral part of said description. Drawings where the following has been illustrated and not limited to:
    Figure 1.- Shows a view of the relative situation of the different modules that
    make up the pillars.
    Figure 2a.- Shows a view of the basic pillar module.
    5 Figure 2b.- It shows a zoom of the point of union between tubular bars by means of a second pin in the basic pillar module shown in Figure 2a.
    Figure 3.- Shows a view of the top auction module of the abutment.
    10 Figure 4.- Shows a view of the lower end module of the abutment.
    Figure 5.- Detail of the interior and intermediate elevation of the pillar. The union between vertical substructures to form the pillars is done by means of elbows.
    15 Figure 6.- Detail of the external elevation of the pillar. The bracing of the pillar is carried out by means of fourth cables that join the two vertical substructures forming crosses.
    Figure 7.- Shows a view of a basic beam module of the type found in the beam span.
    Figure 8.- Shows a view of a basic beam module of the type found at the ends of the beam.
    25 Figure 9.- Shows a view of the transition module that allows the change of traction between the upper and lower cords, and which is preferably placed between two basic beam modules.
    Figure 10.- Shows a view of the union of two basic beam modules like the 30 shown in figure 7.
    Figure 11.- Shows a view of the union of two basic beam modules, one of them as shown in Figure 7 and the other as shown in Figure 8.
    Figure 12.- Shows a view of two basic beam modules connected by a transition module like the one shown in figure 9.
    5 Figure 13.- Shows a perspective view of the modules of figure 12.
    Figure 14.- It shows the detail of the union of the bars with section in "U", placed vertically in the pillars and horizontally in the beams, and of a second cable (4) that, attached to them, restricts its folding .
    10
    Figure 15.- It shows a view of the union of the ends of the beam with the top end module of the pillar.
    Figure 16.- Shows a view of the folded pillars.
    fifteen
    Figure 17.- Shows a view of the deployed pillar in which the positions of the bars and cables in the folded position and in the semi-deployed position can be seen in the discontinuous line.
    20 Figure 18.- Shows a view of the beam in the deployed position in which the positions of the bars and cables in the folded position and in the semi-deployed position can be seen in the discontinuous line.
    Figure 19.- Shows a view of the unfolded structure and the position of the beam before lifting up to its final position has been shown in dashed line 25.
    Figure 20.- Shows a view of the assembled structure.
    Figure 21.- Shows a view of the structure mounted using several overlapping porticos.
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    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    An example of realization of the present invention is described below with the aid of Figures 1 to 21.
    The modular folding structure described is made up of pillars and beams. Each pillar is a combination of two vertical substructures joined together by bars and cables, and each beam is a combination of two horizontal substructures that are also joined together by bars and cables. The union between the pillars and the beams is made by bars and cables.
    More specifically, the proposed modular folding structure comprises at least two pillars, shown in Figures 5 and 6, each formed by the union of two vertical substructures (SE1), as shown in Figure 1, joined between yes, and each of them comprising at least:
    - a basic pillar module (A), shown in Figure 2a,
    - a top auction module (B), shown in figure 3, and
    - a lower end module (C), shown in figure 4.
    Likewise, the modular folding structure comprises at least one beam, shown in Figure 13, formed at least by the union of two horizontal substructures (SE2), such as those shown in Figures 10 to 12, of which each horizontal substructure comprises at least :
    - a basic beam module (D), shown in figures 7 and 8.
    In a preferred embodiment, the modular folding structure comprises, on the beam, also at least one transition module (E), shown in Figure 9.
    Thus, a vertical substructure (SE1) has been represented in Figure 1. As seen in said figure, each vertical substructure (SE1) comprises:
    -at least one basic pillar module (A),
    -a module of upper auction (B), and -a module of lower auction (C).
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    In said figure 1 the vertical substructure (SE1) in unfolded position has been represented in continuous lines, and the vertical substructure (SE1) in folded position is shown in discontinuous lines.
    A basic pillar module (A) is shown in Figure 2a. Said basic pillar module (A) comprises:
    - four pairs of tubular bars (b1) joined two to two at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming four San Andres crosses that are arranged adjacent to each other and forming a square,
    -Three second pins (p2) that join the ends of the crosses of San Andres that are in contact, in the central area of the square,
    -four "U" bars (b2) arranged in a vertical direction on one side of the square joined to the lateral ends of two of the San Andres crosses on that side of the square by means of fourth pins (p4) and joined together by means of third pins (p3),
    -two first cables (c1) arranged in a vertical direction on the other side of the square and that are attached to the ends of the San Andres crossings on that side of the square by fifth pins (p5) and by a sixth pin (p6) to the point of union of the two crosses of San Andres between which they are arranged, and in said sixth pin (p6) there is additionally a cable collector (r1),
    -two second cables (c2) connected to the third pins (p3) and passing through one of the second pins (p2) and extend to the next second pin (p2).
    In figure 2b a zoom of the union is represented, by means of a second pin (p2) of the tubular bars (b1) of the ends of the four crosses of San Andres that make up the basic pillar module (A). The union of the tubular bars (b1) can be observed by means of the second pin (p2) and how the second cables are related in said second pin (p2). As previously described, one of said second cables (c2) passes through the second pin (p2) with the possibility of movement around it while the other second cable (c2) is fixedly connected to the second pin (p2) as seen in the figure.
    The third pin (p3) does not move towards the inside of the pillar because, as
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    observe in figure 14, the "U" bars (b2) can only be folded in one direction, and the second cable (c2) pulls in the opposite direction. This allows the position of the third pin (p3) to be fixed when the structure is deployed but does not prevent its correct folding During said folding the fourth pin (p4) and the second pin (p2) change their relative position without changing the length of the second cable (c2).
    In a preferred embodiment, in the sixth pin (p6) there is also a cable collection device (r1) so that, in the folded position of the pillar, the first cables (c1) are collected. This avoids unwanted cable entanglement problems.
    In Figure 3 a module of upper auction (B) is shown. As can be seen when comparing figures 2a and 3, the upper auction module (B) is similar to the basic pillar module (A) but with cables joining the upper ends of the San Andres crossings.
    More specifically, the upper auction module (B) comprises:
    -Two pairs of tubular bars (b1) joined two to two at their midpoint by means of a first pin (p1) forming two crosses of San Andres,
    -a second pin (p2) that joins the end of the San Andres crossings that is in contact with the basic pillar module (A),
    -two "U" bars (b2) arranged in a vertical direction on one side end of the upper auction module (B) and joined together by a third pin (p3) and joined the ends of the corresponding San Andres cross by means of seventh and eighth pins (p7 and p8),
    - a third cable (c3) arranged in a vertical direction between the ends of the San Andres cross of the other end of the upper auction module (B) attached to one of the ends by means of a fifth pin (p5) and passing through the ninth and tenth pins (p9 and p10) to be anchored by a seventh pin (p7) to the other end,
    -a second cable (c2) attached to the third pin (p3) and that passes through the tenth pin (p10) that joins both crosses of San Andres and extends to the second pin (p2).
    A lower auction module (C) is shown in Figure 4. This module is
    intended to join the lower ends of the San Andres crosses of the basic pillar module (A) that is arranged closer to the ground (or the surface on which the structure is installed).
    5 The lower end module (C) comprises a metal beam (r3) to which the lower ends of the lower San Andres junctions of the basic pillar module (A) are joined by a twelfth pin (p12) and a thirteenth pin (p13) in correspondence with each lower end of the basic pillar module (A) and a tenth pin (p11) in the center.
    10
    The tenth pin (p11) is a simple fixed support that allows the union with the ends of the San Andres crossings that are joined together. The twelfth pin (p12) and the thirteenth pin (p13) are fixed to the lower free ends of the basic pillar module (A) once the pillar is deployed. In the tenth pin (p11) two two diagonal bars (b1) and a second cable (c2) concur, in the twelfth pin (p12) a diagonal bar (b1) and a vertical bar (b2), and in the thirteenth pin ( p13) a diagonal bar (b1) and a first cable (c1).
    Figure 5 shows a pillar formed by two vertical substructures (SE1) 20 joined together by a plurality of elbows (b3) that join together the pins (p2, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9, p10 , p11, p12 and p13).
    Likewise, in figure 6 the same pillar of figure 5 is shown with fourth cable wires (c4) arranged in "X" between the fourth pins (p4) of the basic pillar modules 25 and the upper end modules of the pillar for bracing him
    Figure 7 shows a basic beam module (D). If the basic beam module (D) is configured to be arranged in the central part of the beam, said basic beam module (D) comprises, as shown in Figure 7:
    30-two tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin
    (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    - two horizontal "U" section bars (b2), joined by a third pin (p3) at the end common to both and by a fourth pin (p4) at the other end with the corresponding tubular bars (b1),
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    -a wheels (r2) on a fourteenth pin (p14) and a fifteenth pin (p15) arranged at the lower ends of the cross of San Andres,
    -a second cable (c2) that joins the third pin (p3), joining two "U" bars (b2) arranged between the upper ends, with both lower ends, passing through the fifteenth pin (p15) in one of the lower ends to the fourteenth pin (p14) of the lower opposite end.
    The wheels (r2) are arranged at the lower ends of the basic beam module (D) (there are also wheels (r2) at the lower ends of the transition modules (E)). In this way, during the deployment operations of the structure, the beams are deployed by moving them on the ground with the wheels (r2). This simplifies the assembly of the structure.
    In Figure 8 a basic beam module (D) is shown as shown in Figure 7 but inverted. The basic beam module (D) as shown in Figure 7 is arranged in the central part of the beam. If the basic beam module (D) is configured to be arranged at one end of the beam, it comprises, as shown in Figure 8:
    -Two tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    -two horizontal bars (b2) of section in "U", joined by a third pin (p3) at the end common to both and by a sixteenth pin (p16) and a sixteenth pin (p17) at the other ends with the bars corresponding tubular (b1),
    -a wheels (r2) in a sixteenth pin (p16) and in a sixteenth pin (p17) arranged at the lower ends of the cross of San Andres,
    -a second cable (c2) that joins the third pin (p3) of union of two bars in "U" (b2) arranged between the lower ends and both upper ends, passing through the eighteenth pin (p18) at one of the ends upper to the fourth pin (p4) of the upper opposite end.
    Figure 9 shows a transition module (E). Said module includes:
    - tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    -Two horizontal bars (b2) of "U" section between the upper ends and between the lower ends joined together by a nineteenth pin (p19) and a third pin (p3) respectively,
    - at each end of the cross of San Andres there is respectively a twenty-fifth pin (p20), a twenty-first pin (p21), a twenty-second pin (p22) and a twenty-third pin (p23), placing wheels (r2 ), in the twenty-first pin (p20) and the twenty-third pin (p23),
    -a fifth cable (c5) that joins the third pin (p3), joining two "U" bars (b2) arranged between the lower ends, with both upper ends, 10 passing through the twenty-first first pin (p21) in one of the upper ends, by the third pin (p3) joining the upper "U" bars (b2) and up to the twenty-second pin (p22) of the upper opposite end,
    - a sixth cable (c6) that joins the nineteenth pin (p19) connecting two bars (b2) arranged between the upper ends with both lower ends 15 passing through the twenty-third pin (p23)) at one of the lower ends, by the third pin (p3) of union of the bars in "U" (b2) and until the twentieth pin (p20) of the lower opposite end.
    The transition modules (E) are arranged between the basic beam modules (D) of the 20 ends of the beam (as shown in Figure 8) and the basic beam modules (D) of the beam span (as those shown in figure 7).
    Figure 10 shows a horizontal substructure (SE2) comprising at least two basic beam modules (D) equal, as shown in Figure 7. In this case, the two basic beam modules (D) are connected each other for a fourth pin (p4) and for a twenty-fourth pin (p24). In said twenty-fourth pin (p24) two tubular bars (b1), a second through cable (c2) and a second fixed through cable (c2) converge (said second cables (c2) are arranged in this twenty-fourth pin (p24) as the second cables (c2) are arranged in the second pin 30 (p2) shown in Figure 2b).
    Figure 11 shows a horizontal substructure (SE2) comprising at least two basic beam modules (D) arranged in different positions, that is, a basic beam module (D) as shown in Figure 7 and another as the one shown in the
    Figure 8. In this case, the union between crosses of San Andres is carried out by twenty-fifth pins (p25) in which two tubular bars (b1), a "U" bar (b2) and a second cable (c2) are joined which is arranged intern around the twenty-fifth pin (p25).
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    Figure 12 shows a horizontal substructure (SE2) in deployed position (represented in continuous lines), and in folded position (represented in discontinuous lines). The horizontal substructure (SE2) represented in said figure 12 comprises two basic beam modules (D) such as those shown in figure 10 that 10 are joined by a transition module (E).
    In this figure the unions are made by twenty-sixth pins (p26) and twenty-seventh pins (p27). In this case, in the twenty-sixth pins (p26) there are two tubular bars (b1), two bars in "U" (b2) and a second cable 15 (c2) through. Also, in the twenty-seventh pins (p27) there are two
    tubular bars (b1), a "U" bar (b2), a second through cable (c2) and a second fixed cable (c2).
    In view of the above, it is clear that depending on the elements to be joined in each particular case, some pins or others are used.
    Figure 13 shows a beam formed by the union of two horizontal substructures (SE2) as shown in Figure 12. The union between said horizontal substructures (SE2) is carried out by means of elbows (b3). Said elbows (b3) 25 joining the pins (p4, p14, p15, p16, p17, p20, p21, p22, p23) of the ends of the horizontal substructures with each other.
    As previously described, in Figure 14, the elements that make up a side of the basic pillar module (A) are appreciated. This figure shows the 30 sections of the "U" bars (b2) and the limitation of movement of the third pin (p3).
    Figure 15 shows the connection between a beam and a pillar of the structure. More specifically, this figure shows the union of a basic beam module (D) with the upper end module (B).
    The materials of the bars (compressed elements of the structure) can be:
    - rolled or shaped profiles, preferably galvanized steel: for comparison with other materials, in terms of the structure's own weight,
    5 will involve a conventional steel of 275 N / mm2 of elastic Kmite, 210,000 MPa of longitudinal deformation module and 78.5 kN / m3 of specific weight;
    -aluminium with a durability rate A, according to Eurocodigo 9, for the compressed elements of the structure: assuming as average values an elastic limit of 150 N / mm2, a longitudinal deformation module of 70,000 MPa and a specific weight of 10 27 kN / m3, this solution means a weight saving of 37% compared to the solution in steel,
    to achieve the same resistance, and a 3% increase in weight compared to the steel solution, to achieve the same stiffness;
    - FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) in profiles manufactured by pultrusion, for which an elastic Krnite of 100 N / mm2, a longitudinal deformation modulus of
    15 700,000 MPa and a specific weight of 15 kN / m3 and in these circumstances, savings in
    weight against the steel solution is 47% to obtain a structure of equal strength, and 95% to obtain a structure of equal rigidity;
    An example of possible material for the cables (tensioned elements of the structure) 20 is 300 series stainless steel according to the AISI standard since it provides advantages from a mechanical and durability point of view.
    The present invention solves the problem of covering large lights by significantly reducing the transport and assembly problem of this type of structures.
    25
    It is a structure that essentially includes pillars and beams, consisting of bars and cables. The knots that join the bars and cables are articulated and allow the folding and unfolding of the structure.
    30 As Figures 1 and 12 show, the space occupied by the folded structure is much smaller than when it is in service and this makes storage and transportation much easier.
    On the other hand, the described configuration allows to identify the bars that suffer efforts
    of traction to replace them with cables to greatly reduce the weight of the resulting structure, and control its deformations through active testing operations.
    5 Cable entanglement is avoided by using a winding device. This allows to avoid that, in the cases where, due to the structure's geometry, part of the cables are stretched in a folded structure position, the cables are wound together and can cause failures in the folding and unfolding operations.
    10
    For the deployment and assembly of the structure, the folded pillars must be placed in the position they will finally occupy. It is convenient that the land on which it is installed is as flat as possible. Figure 16 shows this position. When the pillars have been placed in the corresponding position they are deployed as shown in Figure 17 (it is not necessary to deploy them simultaneously). For this, the pins (p12) and (p13) that ensure the union between the basic pillar modules (A) and the lower retention modules (C) must be fixed.
    Next, the beam unfolds horizontally, displaying the basic beam modules 20 (D) and the transition modules (E) as shown in Figure 18, and rises to its final position, where it joins with the auction modules. upper (B) of the pillars, as shown in Figure 19.
    The fully assembled structure is shown in Figure 20. Figure 21 shows the structure formed by a plurality of pillars and beams joined together.
    The geometry of the pillars is designed in such a way that the deployment can be done without the need for lateral stabilization and without the risk of collapse due to buckling.
    30 In any case, the basic pillar module (A) described, as well as the upper auction module (B) and the lower auction module (C) (figures 2, 3 and 4), are always arranged in pairs (as shown for example in figures 5 and 6) and connected to each other by means of elbows (b3) such as those shown in figure 5 and double cable-based triangulation systems (c4) as shown in figure 6.
    Figure 13 shows paired beams with elbows (b3). Paired beams do not carry transverse triangulation.
    5 In an example of realization, the basic beam module (D) can comprise wheels at its lower ends. In this embodiment, the wheels would be in the nodes arranged in the lower area (p14, p15, p16, p17, p20, p23) to facilitate the deployment of the beam during the assembly of the structure.
    10 It is also the object of the present invention a folding and unfolding process of a modular folding structure as previously described comprising the following steps:
    -Place the folded pillars in their final position and deploy the pillars,
    -fix the twelfth pin (p12) and the thirteenth pin (p13) of the lower auction module 15 (C),
    - place the beam in its position between the pillars and deploy the beam by displacing the basic beam modules (D) and corresponding transition modules (E) on the wheels (r2),
    -connect the second cable (c2) of the basic beam module (D) that is at the end of the beam to the third cable (c3) of the upper end module (B) and raise the beam to its final position, by means of wheels (r2) of the basic beam module (D) that slide over the bars with a "U" section (b2),
    - join the ends of the beam with the corresponding upper end modules (B).
    25 After the lifting stage of the beam (or beams), by controlling the tension of the first cable (c1) of the basic pillar module (A), and of the second cable (c2) of the basic beam module (D) , this arrow can be adjusted. Each cable is adjusted with tensioners.
    In essence, the proposed system is designed to function as a portico with a span of 30 and a height, with rigid joints between beams and pillars, and articulated supports of the pillars on the ground.
    For those cases in which the gravitational load is dominant over the horizontal (which the designer or the user can guarantee by giving sufficient surface weight to the
    envelope element), the resulting bending moments on the beam will pull the outer faces of the pillars, the lower face of the beams in the center of the opening, and their upper face at the ends.
    5 For the description of stresses, the entire upper line of the beam will be called “upper cord”, consisting of the plurality of second cables (c2) and “U” section bars (b2) corresponding to the basic modules of beam (D) and transition modules (E). Likewise, the entire lower line of the beam will be referred to as the "lower cord".
    10
    The distribution of stresses in the structure makes it possible to replace, in the manner described, the bars of the lower cord or upper cord that are not compressed by cables. That is to say, as it has been done in structures in the state of the art, bars pulled by cables have been replaced, and thus the basic beam modules (D) and the transition modules (E) can be folded and deployed.
    Also, by controlling the tension of the cables, the deformation of the beams can be limited, adapting it to different load configurations or to the requirements that impose the integrity of the enclosure element (in case the structure is to be covered with an enveloping element during use) or simply the appearance of the set.
    In all the realization examples, the tensioned cord (so called the union of the first cable (c1) that is continuously connected to the third cable (c3)) runs 25 along the outer face of the pillars and has continuity with the upper face of the beams at both ends of these.
    The change of the tractions of the upper cord to the lower cord of the beams occurs at an indeterminate point of the beam, depending on the load states that the structure undergoes. By appropriately designing a permanent load distribution model, the level of uncertainty in the change of position of the pulled cord can be limited.
    As previously described, the transition module (E) depicted in Figure 9
    It is the one that allows to make the transition of the bent cord. In cases where uncertainty is reduced in the change of traction of the traction, only a transition module (E) in the beam is necessary. In case the level of uncertainty is greater, the structure must comprise a plurality of modules of transition (E) along the length in which the sign inversion in the axial effort of the upper and lower cords may occur. .
    The nodes (p14, p15, p16, p17, p20, p23) found in the lower part of the beam can be seen in Figures 7, 8 and 9. These knots (p16-p23) comprise
    10 preferably anchoring elements that allow to fix the envelope (cover that is placed on the structure and that can be, for example, a textile cover), allowing to cover a large space in a minimum time, with the possibility of disassembly and transfer of the structure equally immediately.
    15 The beam elevation stage is carried out through the first cable (c1) of the basic abutment modules (A) that have continuity with the third cable (c3) of the upper auction module (B), and with the second cable (c2) of the basic beam module (D) through the "U" section tubes (b2) of the basic pillar modules (A).
    The method can also comprise an additional stage in which the first cables (c1) and the second cables (c2) of the basic abutment module (A) and the upper end module (B) that are connected to the second are tensioned cables of the basic beam modules (D) and the fifth cable (c5) and the sixth cable (c6) of the transition module (E).
    25
    The second cables (c2) of the basic pillar module (A) and the upper auction module (B), as well as the third cable (c3) of the upper auction module, are permanently deployed and tensioned. The second cables (c2) of the basic beam modules (D) also remain permanently deployed and tensioned and
    30 are also part of the cable that is pulled to mount the structure. The transition modules (E) comprise a fifth cable (c5) and a sixth cable (c6) that are permanently deployed and tensioned. In the transition module (E), both at the upper end (upper cord previously described) and at the lower end (lower cord previously described) the elements are duplicated, that is, both in the
    upper as in the lower there is a "U" section bar (b2) and fifth cable (c5) or sixth cable (c6) that are partially housed in said "U" section bars (b2).
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1.- Folding modular structure characterized by comprising at least:
    - two pillars, each of them formed by the union of two vertical substructures joined between each other and each one comprising at least:
    - a basic pillar module (A),
    - a top auction module (B), and
    - a lower auction module (C),
    - a beam, formed at least by the union of two horizontal substructures of which each one comprises at least:
    - a basic beam module (D),
    and the modular folding structure is characterized by:
    -the basic pillar module (A) is flat and includes:
    - four pairs of tubular bars (b1) joined two to two at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming four San Andres crosses that are arranged adjacent to each other and forming a square,
    -Three second pins (p2) that join the ends of the crosses of San Andres that are in contact, in the central area of the square,
    -four "U" bars (b2) arranged in a vertical direction on one side of the square joined to the lateral ends of two of the San Andres crosses on that side of the square by means of fourth pins (p4) and joined together by means of third pins (p3),
    -two first cables (c1) arranged in a vertical direction on the other side of the square and that are attached to the ends of the San Andres crossings of that side of the square by fifth pins (p5) and sixth pins (p6) to the point of union of the two crosses of San Andres between which they are arranged, and in said sixth pin (p6) there is additionally a cable collector (r1),
    -two second cables (c2) attached to the third pins (p3) and passing through one of the second pins (p2) and extend to the next second pin (p2),
    -the upper auction module (B) comprises:
    -Two pairs of tubular bars (b1) joined two to two at their midpoint by means of a first pin (p1) forming two crosses of San Andres,
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    -a second pin (p2) that joins the end of the San Andres crossings that is in contact with the basic pillar module (A),
    -two "U" bars (b2) arranged in a vertical direction at one side end of the upper auction module (B) and joined together by a third pin (p3) and joined the ends of the corresponding San Andres cross by means of Seventh and eighth pins (p7 and p8),
    - a third cable (c3) arranged in a vertical direction between the ends of the San Andres cross of the other end of the upper auction module (B) attached to one of the ends by means of a fifth pin (p5) and passing through a ninth and tenth pins (p9 and p10) to be anchored by a seventh pin (p7) to the other end,
    -a second cable (c2) attached to the third pin (p3) and that passes through the tenth pin (p10) that joins both crosses of San Andres and extends to the second pin (p2),
    -the lower end module (C) includes:
    -a horizontal beam (r3) intended to be supported on a surface,
    -a tenth pin (p11), a twelfth pin (p12) and a thirteenth pin (p13) connecting the beam (r3) and the lower ends of the basic pillar module (A) that is attached to the lower auction module (C),
    -the basic beam module (D) comprises:
    -if it is configured to be arranged in the central part of the beam:
    -Two tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    - two horizontal "U" section bars (b2), joined by a third pin (p3) at the end common to both and by a fourth pin (p4) at the other end with the corresponding tubular bars (b1),
    -a wheels (r2) on a fourteenth pin (p14) and a fifteenth pin (p15) arranged at the lower ends of the cross of San Andres,
    -a second cable (c2) that joins the third pin (p3), joining two "U" bars (b2) arranged between the upper ends, with both lower ends, passing through the fifteenth pin (p15) in one of the lower ends to the fourteenth pin (p14) of the opposite lower end;
    -if it is configured to be arranged at one end of the beam:
    -Two tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    -two horizontal bars (b2) of section in "U", joined by a third pin (p3) at the end common to both and by a sixteenth pin (p16) and a sixteenth pin (p17) at the other ends with the bars corresponding tubular (b1),
    -a wheels (r2) in a sixteenth pin (p16) and a seventeenth pin (p17) arranged at the lower ends of the cross of San Andres,
    -a second cable (c2) that joins the third pin (p3) of union of two bars in "U" (b2) arranged between the lower ends and both upper ends, passing through the eighteenth pin (p18) at one of the ends upper to the fourth pin (p4) of the upper opposite end.
    [2]
    2. Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises a transition module (E) in the beam, and said transition module (E) comprises:
    - tubular bars (b1) joined at their midpoint by a first pin (p1) forming a cross of San Andres;
    -Two horizontal bars (b2) of "U" section between the upper ends and between the lower ends joined together by a nineteenth pin (19) and a third pin (p3) respectively,
    - at each end of the cross of San Andres there is respectively a twenty-first pin (p20), a twenty-first pin (p21), a twenty-second pin (p22) and a twenty-third pin (p23), and in the twenty-second and twenty-third (p20, p23) are some wheels (r2),
    -a fifth cable (c5) that joins the third pin (p3) of union of two "U" bars (b2) arranged between the lower ends, with both upper ends, passing through the twenty-first first pin (p21) in one of the upper ends, by the third pin (p3) joining the upper "U" bars (b2) and up to the twenty-second pin (p22) of the upper opposite end,
    -a sixth cable (c6) that joins the nineteenth pin (p19) of union of two bars (b2) arranged between the upper ends with both lower ends passing through the twenty-third pin (p23) at one of the lower ends, by the third pin (p3) of union of the bars in "U" (b2) and until the twentieth pin (p20) of the opposite lower end.
    [3]
    3. - Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the pillars are formed by two vertical substructures (SE1) joined together by means of elbows (b3) joining the pins (p2, p4, p5, p6, p7, p8, p9, p10, p11, p12,
    5 p13) of both substructures (SE1).
    [4]
    4. - Folding modular structure according to claim 3 characterized in that the pillars additionally comprise, in correspondence with each basic pillar module (A), cables (c4) arranged in a cross position in "X" configuration joining the
    10 vertical substructures by way of bracing.
    [5]
    5. - Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that each beam is formed by the union of two horizontal substructures (SE2) joined together by means of elbows (b3) joining the pins (p4, p14, p15, p16, p17, p20, p21, p22,
    15 p23) of the ends of the horizontal substructures with each other.
    [6]
    6. - Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the tubular bars (b1) and the "U" bars (b2) are in rolled or shaped steel profiles.
    20 7.- Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the bars
    Tubular (b1) and "U" bars (b2) are made of aluminum or fiber reinforced polymer.
    [8]
    8. - Folding modular structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the cables (c1, c2, c3) are made of steel.
    25
    [9]
    9. - Folding and unfolding procedure of a modular folding structure as described in claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    -Place the folded pillars in their final position and deploy the pillars,
    30 -fix the twelfth pin (p12) and the thirteenth pin (p13) of the lower end module (C),
    - place the beam in its position between the pillars and deploy the beam by displacing the basic beam modules (D) and corresponding transition modules (E) on the wheels (r2),
    -connect the second cable (c2) of the basic beam module (D) that is at the end of the beam to the third cable (c3) of the upper auction module (B) and raise the beam to its final position to its final position , by means of wheels (r2) of the basic beam module (D) that slide over the bars with a "U" section (b2),
    5-join the ends of the beam with the corresponding upper end modules (B).
    [10]
    10. - Folding and unfolding procedure according to claim 9, characterized in that the stage of elevation of the beam is carried out through the first cable (c1) of the basic pillar modules (A) that have continuity with the third cable (c3 ) of the module
    10 of top end (B), and with the second cable (c2) of the basic beam module (D) through the "U" section tubes (b2) of the basic pillar modules (A).
    [11]
    11. - Folding and unfolding procedure according to claim 9 characterized in that it comprises an additional stage of tensioning the first cables (c1) and the second
    15 cables (c2) of the basic pillar module (A) and of the upper auction module (B) that are connected to the second cables of the basic beam modules (D) and the fifth cable (c5) and the sixth cable ( c6) of the transition module (E).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US188266A|1877-03-13|Improvement in fire-escapes |
    US430935A|1890-06-24|edwards |
    US506571A|1893-10-10|Lift-bridge |
    US722166A|1902-10-25|1903-03-03|Charles E Taft|Truck.|
    US1909431A|1926-08-30|1933-05-16|Joseph B Strauss|Lift bridge|
    US1708113A|1927-06-29|1929-04-09|Alvah K Allen|Collapsible tower|
    US3593481A|1969-03-19|1971-07-20|Tom T Mikulin|Extensible structure|
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