• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Modular lightweight construction system. The system allows to obtain constructions of very diverse nature from a series of pieces easily manipulated and assembled together manually, without the need for heavy machinery, obtained from micro-concrete or other similar moldable materials, so that the work is carried out dry and without the need for specialized labor. To this end, a series of modular pieces are involved in the system: pieces of flooring (1), half-module wall panels (2), entire module wall panels (3), window panels (4), beams (5), eardrums (6) and covers (7), so that the pieces of the system are assembled manually together and sequentially forming a structure of serial porticos embedded in the pavement, forming a stable exoskeleton as a whole that acts at the same time as structure, exterior enclosure and interior divisions, without needing other elements or materials to guarantee the stability of the building. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2635280A1
    申请号:ES201630241
    申请日:2016-03-01
    公开日:2017-10-03
    发明作者:Juan Carlos BOLAÑOS RUIZ
    申请人:Arquitectura Y Manufactura S L N E；Arquitectura Y Manufactura SLNE；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a lightweight modular construction system, specifically made from molded micro-concrete modules or other similar moldable materials 10 with high coefficients of compressive and flexural strength. The object of the invention focuses on three fundamental aspects, which are the following:
    • Develop an industrialized system of lightweight components made from 100% moldable composites (composites) such as micro-concrete -u others
    15 similar moldable materials-reinforced with metal and / or glass fibers, fully manufactured in molds, prepared and presented as a "mecan kit" to be sent anywhere and finally assembled following a simple manual to configure a building, in dry and by people without prior technical preparation.
    20 • Design the components of a lightweight construction system that can be handled regardless of sophisticated transport and assembly systems (such as large trailers or powerful lifting equipment), requiring only human strength and
    simple mechanical means.
    • Set up an industrialized manufacturing scheme for molding components of a lightweight modular construction system that allows large-scale development and implementation of different types of housing and other uses based on the combination of
    5 basic elements of the system.
    The invention is preferably located in the field of low-cost housing construction, although it is equally valid in the construction of temporary accommodation, for refugees or displaced persons, information stations, public transport stops, cafes or beach bars, until
    10 housing projects or hotel bungalows, among other uses on one or two floors. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Throughout the world there is a great unsatisfied demand for housing, associated with conditions of poverty, natural disasters and forced displacement caused by wars. The immediate or temporary solution (which in many cases becomes definitive) is given with improvised accommodation or shelters in tents or covered public enclosures.
    Currently, the construction industry in its different prefabrication specialties has the capacity - and the social obligation - to respond to the great need for housing with products that guarantee speed and quality in its execution.
    Although there are innumerable construction systems, when they are obtained based on conventional concrete pieces, they present a problem that focuses primarily on the following aspects:
    • They require specialized labor for assembly.
    • They have too large dimensions and therefore great weight to be able to
    5 be sent anywhere in the world without costs that make it economically viable.
    • Some of the parts or parts of the installation must be filled with fresh mortar, which complicates and slows the installation.
    • Components must be handled with heavy machinery, which complicates and makes installation more expensive.
    • Limitation in design when obtaining various typologies
    The invention is based on the use of smaller amounts of materials and energy for its transformation, given the small dimensions of the resistant sections of the components
    15 of the system, which are achieved thanks to the fact that they are manufactured with the latest generation micro-concretes - or similar moldable materials - reinforced with fibers that give it high resistance to compression and flexion.
    20 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The construction system that is recommended resolves in a fully satisfactory way the problem previously exposed in each and every one of the aspects mentioned, based on the use of micro-concretes - or other similar moldable materials - reinforced with metal or glass fibers, material that It represents significant advantages over traditional concrete, such as high workability, high strength, high durability, good acoustic and thermal insulation, which make it an ideal material for lightweight and low construction solutions
    5 cost.
    It is a material that allows the development of highly resistant elements with minimal quantities of raw materials compared to other construction systems in which cement is used, eliminating conventional steel reinforcement to be replaced by metal or glass fibers,
    10 being therefore immune to the corrosion of reinforcement bars.
    For this, the system of the invention is constituted from seven basic pieces, obtained in this material, that easily fit together and that are capable of forming an exoskeleton where each of the pieces works as part of the structure, at time that serves as an enclosure and
    15 building finishes.
    The form of production of the components by molding allows the definition of textures that grant special finishes to the surfaces seen.
    20 More specifically, it is envisaged that as a base piece a piece of pavement is defined, which consists of a modular piece molded with texture and in which wall panels that are detailed below are embedded.
    Each piece of pavement is molded with a projection (male) or groove (female) in its longitudinal edges, which allows it to be assembled with another piece of pavement by means of a tongue and groove joint facilitating its geometric correspondence and the correct alignment of the entire pavement as a whole . These pieces are molded with recesses or recesses that allow
    5 recessed rear wall panels in their assembly, facilitating their placement and theircorrect arrangement and alignment in the set.
    The second and third of the basic pieces consist of the wall panels, and which are materialized in vertical modular elements that are embedded in the floor by simple lace.
    This piece is manufactured in two variants, depending on the surface in plan to be covered, defining whole and half module wall panels, that is half the width of the floor or the same width as this.
    15 The fourth piece consists of a window panel, molded modular element with suitable shapes to receive directly to a swinging window and / or the glass if it is a window without opening.
    The fifth piece of the system is the beam, intended to rest on the wall panels; the beams, consisting of horizontal pieces, which incorporate a channel for water evacuation, which
    20 also serves to easily fix the corresponding cover, which will be detailed later.
    The sixth piece consists of an eardrum, an element that complements and collaborates with the beam to tie each structural axis transversely defined by the node formed by a wall panel and the
    beam.
    The seventh and final piece consists of a cover, which defines an element of auction, with an over-height to each space and that widely resists the weight of a person facilitating the maintenance 5 or the use of the cover as a planting area of plants or plant cover of isolation. This piece can have a laminar, vaulted, or folded surface.
    In the event that the construction has a second floor, this element goes on to work as a formwork or mezzanine caseton with a light concrete on it that serves as a platform for the assembly of the panels and other parts that will configure the second level, which it is armed in the same way as the ground floor.
    Assembly process.-From this structuring, and once the pavement is arranged, the wall panels are embedded in the pavement and secured to each other with threaded bolts and steel nuts, a
    Once these wall panels, the window panels and the interior divisions of the building are assembled, the eardrums are mounted on the panels, securing them together with threaded bolts and steel nuts.
    Each beam is then mounted supporting it on the wall panels and is secured through the
    20 holes arranged in the perimeter of the eardrum screws that are threaded to the bushings inserted in the beam.
    Finally, the roof pieces are mounted on the rafters of the beams and secured • Agility: Thanks to the lightness of the system components, the quick assembly
    to them by means of screws that pass through existing holes in their lower fins and are threaded to the bushings arranged inside the beams.
    5 All elements are assembled and secured by bolt, screw or mechanical block as appropriate.
    The design of couplings of all the pieces to each other guarantees the constructive precision, the tightness and the quality control of each typology to be built.
    10 15 From this basic modular structure, it is obvious that much more complex structures can be obtained, by overlapping modules, both horizontally and vertically, being able to obtain buildings with more than one floor. Like the acoustic and thermal insulation materials, the electrical and water networks can be housed inside the chamber of the wall panels which, once the installations inside are finished, can be trasdosados with finishing materials such as plaster or agglomerates to finish the interior of the enclosure.
    The sanitary networks are arranged below the pavements or on the base slab.
    twenty In this way, a lightweight modular construction system is achieved, among which the following are worth mentioning:witha series of advantages
    facilitates the type of dry joint designed to join the pieces allows a house to be built in a short time with hardly any construction knowledge following a simple assembly sketch. Also, the assembly can be done without industrial lifting means (such as cranes or crane trucks) managing to finish a house in a few days by
    5 assembly crew composed of three people.
    • Low environmental impact: This construction system offers an almost zero environmental impact since there is no waste or waste that pollutes the environment.
    10 • Sustainability: This system is formulated with architectural design criteria that meet environmental requirements such as natural ventilation, natural thermal and acoustic conditioning, without dependence on mechanical means or high energy consumption. Likewise, by taking less time in its execution and requiring less means of lifting and handling, its energy consumption is very low.
    • Ecology: By not using water at the construction site, this system is innovative as well as sustainable and respectful of the environment in which each unit is mounted.
    • Quality control: Since they are prefabricated elements there are three control rooms
    20 quality: a first in the industrial phase, the second in the selection of parts at the time of packaging and, finally, in the assembly.
    • Durability: The prefabricated characteristics have been revealed throughout
    more than a century as true advantages for the durability and stability of buildings. The high mechanical resistance of the latest generation micro-concrete and other similar materials - gives the system very favorable conditions to definitively solve constructions that require speed and consistency.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that will then be made and in order to help a
    A better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective view of the main elements involved in the lightweight modular construction system made in accordance with the object of the present invention.
    Figure 2.- Shows a detailed view of the pieces of the previous figure, some of which are represented both in elevation and in plan and / or profile, to be able to observe in greater detail their structural characteristics.
    Figure 3.- Shows a perspective detail of the union of two modules to a concrete screed.
    Figure 4.- Shows a perspective detail of the assembly between two roof modules at the beam level, which acts as a channel between both modules.
    Figure 5.- Shows a plan in plan of an enclosure obtained from two modules of the system5 constructive of the invention.
    Figure 6.- Shows a perspective and exploded view of the pieces that would be required to obtain the installation of Figure 5.
    10 Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of the assembly of figure 6 properly assembled.
    Figure 8 shows a plan in plan similar to Figure 5, but corresponding to a house also obtained from the modular combination of the construction system of the invention.
    15 Figure 9.- Shows a perspective and exploded view of the parts that would be required to obtain the installation of Figure 8.
    Figure 10 shows, finally a perspective view of the assembly of Figure 9 properly assembled.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The system proposed is based on the use of a series of pieces obtained based on molded micro-concrete -or other similar materials-reinforced with metal and / or glass fibers, of aqueous condition, self-leveling and self-compacting, to be poured into watertight molds and produce pieces of reduced weight and high resistance to bending and compression.
    According to Figure 1, it can be seen how seven basic parts participate in the system of the invention, all of them obtained in the material described above, and which are: pavement pieces (1), half-module wall panels (2), whole module wall panels (3), window panels (4), beams (5), eardrums (6) and roofs (7).
    As for the pavement pieces (1), they consist of essentially rectangular, flattened, prismatic elements with a weight between 90 kg and 120 kg, depending on the size of the design of the type to which they will be used. Each piece of pavement is molded with a projection (male) (8) and a groove (female) (9) in its longitudinal edges, which allows
    15 assemble it with another piece of pavement (1) determining a tongue and groove joint facilitating its geometric correspondence and the correct alignment of the entire pavement as a whole. These pieces are molded with recesses or recesses (10-10 ') that allow the subsequent recessing of the wall panels (2-3) in their assembly, facilitating their placement and their correct arrangement and alignment in the assembly.
    As for the half-module wall panels (2), they consist of a vertical modular element embedded in the pavement and on which the beam is supported. Each panel has a weight that varies between 20 kg and 40 kg. Each piece of panel-wall is molded with lower projections (11 ') by which to make it fit in the piece of pavement (1), specifically in its recesses (10').
    Similarly, the entire module wall panels (3), consist of vertical modular elements
    5 embedded in the pavement by lower projections (11), recessed in the recesses (10),elements on which the beam is supported, with each wall panel having a weightwhich varies between 40 kg and 80 kg.
    The wall panels allow the incorporation of thermal and acoustic insulating material into its inner chamber and then be covered inside the building by plasterboard, wood agglomerates or plastic materials to finish the interior of each room.
    The skin thickness of the wall panels is preferably 10 mm and is reinforced with a perimeter rib (19) 70 to 100 mm thick, thus generating a space or chamber where thermal and acoustic insulation material can be accommodated. and also locate the water and wiring pipes.
    The skin of the wall panels allows its configuration as a blind wall or as a lattice or openwork through its molding process, including negative elements that shape shapes in the mold
    20 of the gaps that can characterize the building depending on the place or environment for which it was designed.
    For its part, the window panels (4) also consist of a molded modular element with a recessed profile frame to directly receive the glass (12), without window frames, fixing it with silicone directly to the panel, while for the windows of opening are fixed directly to this window panel, swinging or pivoting sheets of metal, PVC or wood containing the glass and
    5 that close on the window pane and secure it directly.
    The window panels. whose weight is between 30 and 50 kg, they can be complemented by superimposing other elements such as mosquito nets, blinds, grilles or lattices that can be housed in them thanks to the shapes with which they are molded from the factory.
    As for the beams (5), they are horizontally elongated pieces, with a variable weight of between 60 and 150 kg, depending on their length, with an inverted trapezoidal section, whose upper base defines a recess with a double step (13) that it allows the support of the ends of the roof (7), and defines the water drainage channel of the roof.
    The eardrums (6) consist of elements that complement and collaborate with the beam (5) to transversely tie each structural axis defined by the knot formed by the wall panel (3) and the beam
    (5) . Its weight is between 10 and 30 kg. Such eardrums can be materialized as a blind cap,
    frame to accommodate a glass, frame to house a mosquito net or a perforated lid as a draft to facilitate the entry of light and the exit of hot air.
    Finally, the cover (7) consists of a closing element that resists the weight of a person
    facilitating the maintenance or use of the roof as an area for planting plants or plant cover for insulation This piece can have a laminar shape, vault, or folded surface, placing its weight between 30 and 60 kg per unit.
    5 As stated previously, in the case where the construction has a second floor,this element goes to work as a formwork or mezzanine caseton, arranging on it alightweight concrete that serves as a platform for mounting panels and other parts thatthey will configure the second level, which is armed in the same way as the ground floor.
    10 From this structuring the assembly process is as follows:
    Once the pavements are arranged on a firm base of pillars or a concrete screed (15), with their corresponding mesh (16), according to each design, the wall panels (3) are embedded in the pavement and secured to each other with threaded bolts and steel nuts (17), all as is
    15 can be seen in figure 3.
    After mounting the wall panels (3), window panels (4) and the interior divisions of the building, the eardrums (6) are mounted on the panels (3) securing each other with threaded bolts and steel nuts (17 ), as shown in Figure 4; then the beam (5) is mounted resting on the panels
    20 wall (3) and is secured through the holes arranged in the perimeter of the eardrum screws (18) that are threaded to the bushings inserted in the beam.
    Finally the cover pieces (7) are mounted on the steps (13) of the
    beams (5) And they are secured to them by means of screws (18 ') that pass through existing holes in their lower fins and are threaded to the bushings arranged inside the beams.
    All elements are assembled and secured by bolt, screw or mechanical plug according to the5 case
    The design of couplings of all the pieces to each other guarantees the constructive precision, the tightness and the quality control of each typology to be built.
    10 The joints between the pieces can be sealed with rubber bottoms, polyurethane foam, silicones or putties to ensure their tightness.
    In this way, the pieces of the system are assembled manually with each other and sequentially forming a structure of serial frames embedded in the pavement so that each
    The gantry consists of two vertical supports and a beam-channel (5) supported on them so that each vertical support is composed of two wall panels (3) that are aligned aligned or perpendicular.
    The fixation of these basic pieces together forms a stable exoskeleton that acts at the same time as structure, exterior enclosure and interior divisions, without requiring other elements or materials to guarantee the stability of the building.
    It only remains to point out finally that the spaces configured by modules of 40 and 82 cm can add between 1.60 m and 10.60 m with heights between 2.40 m and 3.20 m. With this system, different typologies can be configured for habitable or complementary uses from 10m2 to 120 m2. The system allows different applications for uses that can range from information stands, public transport stops, cafes or beach bars, to housing projects or hotel bungalows, among others, on one or two floors.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]

    [18 ]
    18 .- Lightweight modular construction system, characterized in that it is constituted from a series of pieces obtained in micro-concrete reinforced with metallic and / or mineral and / or organic fibers, specifically the following:
    • pavement pieces (1),
    • half module wall panels (2),
    • whole module wall panels (3),
    • window panels (4), 10 • beams (5),
    • eardrums (6)
    • and covers (7). All of them with dimensions and weights that allow their manipulation and assembly manually and sequentially forming a structure of serial frames embedded in the pieces
    15 pavement, forming as a whole a stable exoskeleton that acts at the same time as structure, exterior enclosure and interior divisions.
    [28 ]
    28 ._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 18, characterized in that the pavement pieces (1) consist of essentially prismatic-rectangular, flattened elements,
    20 incorporating a projection (male) (8) and a groove (female) (9) in its longitudinal edges for tongue and groove coupling, as well as recessed or recessed (10-10 ') for recessing the wall panels (2- 3) in its assembly.
    3 "'.- Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 1", characterized in that the half-module (2) and whole-module (3) wall panels consist of vertical modular elements embedded in the pavements and on which beams are supported, of an amplitude equivalent to half or identical to the width of the pavement piece (1), including a edge
    5 thicker perimeter that determines an inner chamber, likewise some projections (11-11 ')by means of which to make it fit in the piece of pavement (1), specifically in its recesses (1010 ').
    4 "'.- Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 4"', characterized in that the wall panels incorporate thermal and acoustic insulating material in their inner chamber, which can be coated by plasterboard, wood agglomerates or plastic materials to finish the interior of each enclosure.
    5 "'._ Lightweight modular construction system according to claim 1", characterized in that the window panels (4) consist of a molded modular element with a recessed profile frame
    15 to directly receive the glass (12), without window frames, fixing it with silicone directly to the panel, while for the opening windows, swinging or pivoting sheets of metal, PVC or wood containing the glass and that close on the window pane and secure to it directly.
    20 63._ Lightweight modular construction system according to claim 13, characterized in that the thickness
    The skin of the wall panels is 10 mm and is reinforced with a perimeter rib (19) 70 to 100 mm thick.
    [78 ]
    78 ._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 18, characterized in that the skin of the wall panels allows its configuration as a blind wall or as a lattice or openwork.
    5 88 ._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 18, characterized in that the beams
    (5) they are materialized in horizontally elongated pieces, with an inverted trapezoidal section, whose upper base defines a recess with a double step (13) to support the ends of the roof (7), and which in turn defines a water evacuation channel for the building.
    10 98._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 18, characterized in that the eardrums (6) consist of elements that complement and collaborate with the beam (5) to transversely tie each structural axis defined by the node that forms the wall panel (3) and the beam (5), being able to materialize in the form of a blind cover, frame to accommodate a glass, frame to house a mosquito net or a perforated lid as a draft to facilitate the entry of light and the exit of air
    15 hot.
    [108 ]
    108 ._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 18, characterized in that the cover (7) consists of an end element that can have a laminar shape, a vault, or a folded surface.
    11 3 ._ Lightweight modular construction system, according to claim 13, characterized in that the parts are assembled by means of mechanized bolt, screw and / or mechanical block joints.
    [3 ]
    3.. Lightweight modular construction system, according to previous claims, characterized in that the joints and joints between the pieces are sealed with rubber bottoms, polyurethane foam, silicones or putties to guarantee their tightness.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2635280B1|2018-07-10|
    WO2017149184A1|2017-09-08|
    MX2018010566A|2019-02-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR483834A|1916-02-21|1917-08-14|Const Economiques Soc D|System of dismountable reinforced concrete constructions|
    FR1435718A|1965-06-09|1966-04-15|Improvements in the construction of beams intended to support roofs formed by corrugated plates|
    FR1581735A|1968-07-23|1969-09-19|
    AU606293B2|1988-08-09|1991-01-31|Norman Tonkin|Building construction|
    ITMC980016A3|1998-02-20|1999-08-20|Garofoli Spa|PREFABRICATED MODULAR HOUSING UNIT|
    ES2357628B1|2008-12-05|2011-11-08|Aridos Bahoto, S.L.|MODULAR CONSTRUCTION OF POST-CONCRETE CONCRETE PARTS.|
    ES2386052B1|2010-12-13|2013-03-21|Corpus Consulting & Services, S.L.|CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF HOUSES OR MODULAR BUILDINGS WITH PREFABRICATED PANELS|
    法律状态:
    2018-07-10| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2635280 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180710 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201630241A|ES2635280B1|2016-03-01|2016-03-01|LIGHT MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM|ES201630241A| ES2635280B1|2016-03-01|2016-03-01|LIGHT MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM|
    MX2018010566A| MX2018010566A|2016-03-01|2017-03-01|Lightweight modular construction system.|
    PCT/ES2017/070114| WO2017149184A1|2016-03-01|2017-03-01|Lightweight modular construction system|
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