• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The machine (1) for enameling ceramic articles or the like comprises a support frame (2), movement means (3) of at least one article (p) associated with the support frame (2) and defining at least one surface of support (4) of the moving article along a first direction (5), at least one group for enameling (8) of the article (p) placed on the support surface (4), comprising the group for enameling (8) several nozzles (9) substantially aligned with each other in a decoration direction (10) transverse to the first direction (5) and in a position to define each enamel band in the article (p). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2632980A1
    申请号:ES201730117
    申请日:2017-02-01
    公开日:2017-09-18
    发明作者:Giancarlo FIANDRI
    申请人:TECNO ITALIA Srl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Machine and method for enamelling ceramic articles
    The present invention relates to a machine and a method for enamelling ceramic articles.
    In the field of ceramics, different methodologies for applying enamel on tiles are known.
    A first known methodology provides for the use of a device, called "bell" in jargon, which enables the formation of an enamel film under which the tile is passed.
    However, this first methodology has some drawbacks.
    First of all, it foresees an enormous use of enamel to maintain the continuity of the film which, in addition to involving a high cost, also entails a considerable increase in the weight of the tile. For this reason, the use of the bell is poorly suited for enamelling tiles made by the monocooking process which, as is well known, requires a reduced quantity and weight of enamel.
    Another drawback of this first known methodology is the difficulty of applying the enamel in a homogeneous manner on the tiles. In fact, the amount of enamel applied is greater at the edges of the tile and less in the central area.
    And not least, in order to cover the entire surface of the tile, the film defined by the bell must have an extension greater than the plate itself, which entails a significant waste of material. Enamel that falls out of the tile is usually recovered and reused. However, the recovered enamel has a different density compared to the original, giving as! place in different shades with respect to the initials.
    A second known methodology, defined in jargon as airless, provides for the application of enamel by spraying. More specifically, this methodology is carried out by means of several nozzles that pulverize the enamel, arranged inside the relative enamelling booths.
    But also this second known methodology has some drawbacks.
    In fact, this implies a high waste of material, up to 50% of the pulverized material, which remains in suspension within the corresponding cabin. To solve these inconveniences, most of the cabins currently used for this enamelling methodology are provided with an aspiration system, equipped with a filter to prevent the dispersion in the atmosphere of the powdered enamel particles that remain suspended inside. However, this causes added inconveniences, associated with the elimination of the enamel that accumulates in the filters and the fact
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    that the aspirated enamel, a percentage of which can be recovered and reused, instead has a different density than initially applied and, therefore, can give rise to different shades.
    Another drawback of this second described methodology is that it is difficult, particularly for medium and large sizes, to apply the enamel evenly on the surface to be covered.
    The main task of the present invention is to devise a machine and a method for enamelling ceramic articles or the like that allow to distribute the enamel evenly on the surface of said articles and at the same time reduce considerably, with respect to known methodologies, waste of material.
    Another purpose of the present invention is to devise a machine and a method for enamelling ceramic articles and the like that allow to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the known technique in the framework of a simple, rational, efficient, easy-to-use solution with a reduced cost .
    The present machine for enamelling ceramic articles according to claim 1 achieves the above purposes.
    The present method for enamelling ceramic articles according to claim 8 achieves the above purposes.
    Other features and advantages of the present invention will be mostly apparent in the description of a preferred, but not exclusive, form of execution of a machine and a method for enamelling ceramic articles and the like, illustrated by way of indication, but not limited to, the attached tables of illustrations in which:
    Figure 1 is an axonometric view of an enamelling machine according to the invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the machine of Illustration 1; Figures 3 to 6 are schematic views of some phases of the enamelling method according to the invention.
    In particular with regard to these illustrations, a machine for enamelling ceramic articles or the like has been indicated globally with reference number 1.
    The machine 1 comprises a support frame 2, to which displacement means 3 of at least one ceramic article P or the like are associated, for example of the type of a tile.
    The displacement means 3 define a bearing surface 4 of the mobile article P along a first direction, identified in the figures with the reference number 5.
    In the form of realization represented in the illustrations, the means of
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    displacement 3 comprise a pair of belts 6 separated from each other and wound around the corresponding pulleys 7.
    Timely, the displacement means 3 also comprise motor means 13 suitable for moving the support surface 4, and therefore the belts 6 in the embodiment shown along the first direction 5.
    Then, the machine 1 comprises at least one group for the enamelling 8 of the article P placed (the group of enamelling) on the support surface 4.
    According to the invention, the group for enamelling 8 comprises at least several nozzles 9 substantially aligned with each other along at least one decoration direction, identified in the illustrations with the double arrow 10, transverse to the first direction 5. More specifically , the nozzles 9 are located at a predefined distance "d" (along the decoration direction) and fixed one of the other.
    Each nozzle 9 is prepared to apply an enamel band on the article P of the same width, so that the adjacent bands are joined together to define a substantially homogeneous enamel layer.
    Advantageously, the nozzles 9, in case the inclination of the decoration direction 10 with respect to the first direction 5 is less than 90 °, enamel can be sprayed sequentially.
    More in detail, the nozzles 9 only spray enamel after article P has passed below them.
    Preferably, the nozzles 9 can spray enamel at a pressure of less than 1 bar, so that a substantially continuous stream of enamel and so on! define a band of enamel in the article P. The sequential activation of the nozzles 9 helps to avoid sudden drops in pressure and keep so! almost constant spray pressure.
    Preferably, the enamelling group 8 is mobile in rotation about an axis, identified in Figures 1 and 2 with the letter A, in order to vary the inclination of the decoration direction 10 with respect to the first direction 5.
    Advantageously, the rotation axis A is substantially perpendicular to the bearing surface 4.
    As can be seen in the illustrations, the first address 5 and the decoration address 10 belong to two surfaces substantially parallel to each other.
    More specifically, the first direction 5 and the decoration direction 10 are substantially horizontal, while the axis A is substantially vertical.
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    In the embodiment shown in the illustrations, the enamelling group 8 is also mobile in rotation around another axis B arranged transversely to the axis A, to allow an operator access to the nozzles 9.
    Preferably, the machine 1 comprises at least one electronic control unit equipped with a data processing unit and at least one programmable memory connected to each other from the operational point of view.
    The programmable memory can be pre-configured with at least the dimension "D" of the article P along the second direction 11 and the processing unit is programmed to deactivate, between the nozzles 9, those that are outside the dimensions defined by Article P along the second direction 11.
    Therefore, they participate in the enamelling of article P, preferably, only the nozzles 9 that are located within the dimensions defined by article P along the second direction 11 or, at most, also those that are at the height of the lateral edges.
    In other words, in the event that an article P of the type of a rectangular or square tile, once its width has been configured (or its dimension D along the second direction 11), the processing unit deactivates the nozzles that are at a distance greater than D / 2 from the center line of the support surface 4.
    In addition, the machine 1 comprises sensor means 12, for example of the type of a photoelectric cell, for detecting the front part Pa and the back part Pb of the article P during its advance along the first direction 5, which are connected to the processing unit from an operational point of view. Also the motor means that move the support surface along the first direction 5 are operatively connected to the data processing unit, so that the forward speed of the support surface is also known.
    In the case of an article P with a substantially square or rectangular shape, the front part Pa therefore corresponds to the forward side of the article and the rear part to the side parallel to it.
    In addition, the programmable memory can be pre-configured with the distance, along the first direction 5, between the sensor means 12 and at least one nozzle 9. More specifically, the position of the sensor means 12 with respect to the frame 2 is fixed and , therefore, its distance along the first direction 5 of the enamelling group 8 (and therefore of the nozzles 9), with the latter in a predefined position, is known and can be configured in the programmable memory.
    Then, the processing unit is able to calculate the distance between the sensor means 12 and the nozzles 9 by varying the angle of inclination of the decoration 10 with the
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    first direction 5.
    Therefore, the processing unit is programmed to calculate the distance between the sensor means 12 and the nozzles 9 as a function of the angle of inclination between the decoration direction 10 and the first direction 5 and the time elapsing between the detection of the front part Pa and the rear part Pb by the sensor means 12 and the moment in which they reach each nozzle 9, the speed of advance of the support surface 4 being known.
    More specifically, the data processing unit can activate the spraying of the enamel by means of the nozzles 9 only once the article P has passed below them. In other words, the nozzles 9 can spray enamel once the front part Pa of the article P has reached the nozzles and interrupt this spraying once the rear part Pb of the article has exceeded them. The nozzles 9, being placed in succession with each other along the first direction 5, are in a position to spray enamel sequentially.
    Also, the programmable memory can be pre-configured with the desired distance T between the nozzles 9 along the second direction and the processing unit is programmed to rotate the enamelling group 8 around the corresponding axis A until the distance between the nozzles 9 along the second direction 11, calculated as a function of the preconfigured distance d and the angle between the decoration direction 10 and the first direction 5, corresponds substantially to the preconfigured distance T.
    In other words, in the case of an article P of a rectangular or square shaped tile, once its width (or its dimension D along the direction 11) is set and the distance T that must be between a nozzle 9 and another, opportunely chosen according to the type of enamel used and its density, the processing unit rotates the enamelling group 8 around axis A until the preconfigured distance T is achieved. More in detail, the processing unit, knowing the distance d between two consecutive nozzles along the decoration direction 10 and the rotation angle of the enamelling group, calculates in each case the distance between the nozzles 9 along from the second address 11.
    The method according to the invention for enamelling ceramic articles or the like using the machine according to the description above is described below.
    The method object of the present invention therefore provides for the supply of a machine 1 provided with the frame 2, the displacement means 3 and the enamelling group 8.
    Then, the method in question provides for the placement phase of one or more articles P on the support surface 4 defined by the displacement means 3, its progress along the first direction 5 and the enamel spray phase by means of the minus some of the nozzles 9.
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    Preferably, some are selected from among the nozzles 9, prepared to spray enamel. More specifically, the nozzles 9 that are outside the dimensions of the article P along the second direction 11 are deactivated, whereby the nozzles 9 prepared to spray enamel are those that are located at a distance from the central line of the support surface 4 less than or equal to D / 2.
    Preferably, the spraying of the enamel by means of the nozzles 9 does not begin until the article P passes under the nozzles; the latter being able to spray enamel sequentially.
    More in detail, the method in question provides for a phase of detection of the front part Pa and the rear part Pb of each article P during its advance along the first direction 5, a phase of calculation of a first time interval which passes between the detection of the front part Pa and the moment in which the front part reaches each nozzle 9, a phase of enamel spraying by the latter at the end of each first time interval, a calculation phase of a second interval of time elapsing between the detection of the back part Pb and the moment in which it reaches each nozzle 9, and a phase of interruption of the enamel spraying at the end of each second time interval.
    Enamel spraying by means of the nozzles 9 is therefore carried out sequentially, in the specific case that the angle between the decoration direction 10 and the first direction 5 is less than 90 °, or it begins at the end of each first calculated time interval and is interrupted at the end of each second calculated time interval.
    More in detail, the phases of:
    - Configuration of the distance between the sensor means 12 and at least one nozzle 9 with the enamelling group 8 in a predefined position.
    - Detection of the angle between the decoration address 10 and the first address 5.
    - Calculation of the distance between the nozzles 9 along the first direction 5, this calculation depending on the predefined distance along the decoration direction 10 and the angle between the latter and the first direction 5.
    - Calculation of the distance between the sensor means 12 and the nozzles 9.
    - Calculation of the time intervals that take the front part Pa and the back part Pb
    of each article P in arriving at the nozzles 9, this calculation depending on the distances calculated above and on the speed of advance of the support surface 4.
    The phases of calculation of the distance between the nozzles 9 depending on the angle of
    inclination between the decoration address 10 and the first address 5, of the distance
    between the sensing means 12 and the nozzles 9, of the aforementioned time intervals and the consequent activation and interruption of the enamel spraying are carried out by a processing unit as a result of its connection with the sensor means 12, with the motor means 13, with the enamelling group 8 (in order to detect the angle of inclination between the decoration address 10 and the first address 5) and with the memory
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    programmable in which the aforementioned predefined values are configured.
    Advantageously, the method in question also provides for the preconfiguration phases of the distance T, along the second direction 11, of the distance between the nozzles 9 and the rotation of the enamelling group 8 until reaching the preconfigured distance T .
    The distance T is chosen in due course depending on the type of enamel used and its density, so it can vary depending on the width of the enamel bands applied by the nozzles 9.
    Alternatively, in order to regulate the width of the enamel bands applied by the nozzles 9, it is possible to modify the spray pressure of the enamel.
    More in detail, an operator previously configures the distance T in the programmable memory and the data processing unit is programmed to rotate the enamelling group 8 until the distance between the nozzles 9 along the second direction 11 does not correspond substantially with the distance T.
    In practice, it has been found that the described invention achieves the aims pursued and in particular it is stressed that the machine object of the present invention allows the surface to be enameled to be coated homogeneously.
    The enamelling by means of a plurality of nozzles at the same distance from each other, each of which is in a position to apply a wide identical enamel band on the surface to be coated, allows the entire surface of the article to be homogeneously enameled.
    In addition, the fact of spraying enamel sequentially and only once the article to be enameled has passed under the corresponding nozzles also allows to minimize waste.
    Waste that is reduced even more thanks to the deactivation of the nozzles that, depending on the dimensions of the article that is desired to be enameled, are not useful for decorating the article, or that they spray enamel outside the surface object of coating.
    Likewise, the fact that the nozzles in charge of spraying the enamel are activated sequentially makes it possible to keep the spray pressure practically constant and, therefore, a substantially uniform application of the enamel in the different areas of the article.
    The possibility of rotating the enamelling group allows it to adapt flexibly, according to the specific requirements of the case, or the type and density of the enamel, the distance between the nozzles along the direction perpendicular to that of the advance of the article , in order to obtain the optimal application of the enamel.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
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    1. Machine (1) for enamelling ceramic devices or the like, which includes:
    - A support frame (2).
    - Travel means (3) of at least one article (P) associated with said support frame (2) and defining at least one support surface (4) of the mobile article along a first direction (5).
    - At least one enamelling group (8) of said article (P) placed on said support surface (4).
    Characterized by the fact that said enamelling group (8) includes several nozzles (9) substantially aligned with each other along a decoration direction (10) transverse to said first direction (5) and suitable for defining each of them a band of enamel on said article (P).
    [2]
    2. Machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said nozzles (9) are located at a predefined distance from each other along said decoration direction (10).
    [3]
    3. Machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said enamelling group (8) is mobile in rotation around the corresponding axis (A) to modify the inclination of said decoration direction (10) with respect to to said first address (5).
    [4]
    4. Machine (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said enamelling group (8) is mobile in rotation about an axis (A) substantially perpendicular to said support surface (4).
    [5]
    5. Machine (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said first address (5) and said decoration direction (10) belong to two surfaces substantially parallel to each other.
    [6]
    6. Machine (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized by the fact that said nozzles (9) are in a position to spray enamel sequentially.
    [7]
    7. Machine (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized by the fact that it includes at least one electronic control unit comprising at least one data processing unit and at least one programmable memory and by the fact of including suitable sensor means (12) for detecting the front part (Pa) and the back (Pb) of the article (P) while moving along said first direction (5) and connected from the operational point of view to said processing unit and by the fact that these displacement means (3) integrate motor means (13) in disposition to move said support surface (4) along said direction (5) and connected from the operational point of view to said
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    data processing unit.
    [8]
    8. Machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that said memory can be previously configured with the dimension of the article (P) along a second direction (11) transverse to said first direction (5) and due to the fact that said processing unit is programmed to deactivate, between said nozzles (9), those located outside the dimensions of the article (P) along said second direction (11).
    [9]
    9. Machine (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said processing unit is in a position to calculate the time that elapses between the detection of the front part (Pa) and the rear part (Pb) through the sensor means (12) and the moment in which the front and the back reach each of the nozzles (9) and activate the latter once the mentioned article (P) passes under the nozzles, being able to previously set in said programmable memory said first address (5) between these sensor means (12) and at least one of these nozzles (9) with said enamelling group (8) in a predefined position, and knowing the angle between said address of decoration (10) and the aforementioned first direction and the speed of advance of said support surface (4).
    [10]
    10. Machine (1) according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that said memory can be previously configured with the distance (T) of these nozzles (9) along a second direction (11 ) transverse to this first direction (5) and by the fact that said processing unit is programmed to rotate this enamelling group (8) around the corresponding axis (A) until the distance between said nozzles (9) a along said second direction corresponds to this preconfigured distance (T).
    [11]
    11. Method for enamelling articles, comprising the following phases of:
    - Supply of at least one machine (1) that includes a support frame (2), displacement means (3) of at least one article (P) associated to said support frame (2) and defining a support surface (4) for the mobile article itself along at least one first direction (5), an enamelling group (8) comprising several nozzles (9) substantially aligned with each other along at least one decoration direction ( 10) transverse to said first direction (5).
    - Enamel spraying by means of at least some of these nozzles (9), the latter being suitable for defining each of them an enamel band on the article (P).
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the nozzles (9) are located outside the dimensions of the article (P) along a second direction (11) transverse to said first direction (5) .
    [13]
    13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said enamel spraying only takes place once the article (P) has passed under
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    said nozzles (9), the nozzles being able to spray enamel sequentially.
    [14]
    14. Method according to one or more of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the front part (Pa) and the rear part (Pb) of said article (P) are detected while moving along said first direction ( 5), by calculating a first time interval that elapses between the detection of the front part (Pa) and the moment in which the front part reaches each of the nozzles (9), spraying enamel by means of the latter at the end of said first time interval, which elapses between the detection of the rear part (Pb) and the moment in which the rear part reaches each nozzle (9), interrupting the enamel pulverization by means of the latter at the end of said second time interval .
    [15]
    15. Method according to revindication 14, in which said machine comprises sensor means (12) suitable for detecting the passage of the front part (Pa) and the back part (Pb) while the product (P) advances along said first address (5), characterized by the fact of integrating the following phases of:
    - Configuration in the memory of the distance along said first address (5) between said sensor means (12) and at least one of said nozzles (9) with said enamelling group (8) in a predefined position.
    - Detection of the angle between the decoration address (10) and the first address (5).
    - Detection of the speed of advance of said support surface (4).
    - Calculation of the distance between said nozzles (9) along the first direction (5) according to the aforementioned angle detected between said decoration direction (10) and said first direction (5).
    - Calculation of the distance between said sensor means (12) and the nozzles (9) along the first direction (5) as a function of said distance configured between said sensors (12) and at least one of said nozzles ( 9), of said detected angle and of said distance calculated between said nozzles (9).
    - Calculation of said time intervals based on said distance calculated between said sensor means (12) and said nozzles (9) and said forward speed detected.
    [16]
    16. Method according to one or more of claims 11 to 15, wherein said nozzles (9) are located at a predefined distance (d) from each other along said decoration direction (10) and wherein said enamelling group (8) is mobile in rotation around the corresponding axis (A) to modify the inclination of said decoration direction (10) with respect to said first direction (5), characterized by understanding the phases from:
    - Configuration of a desired distance (T), along said second direction (11), between each of said nozzles (9) and adjacent to it.
    - Rotation of said enamelling group (8) around the corresponding axis (A) until reaching the aforementioned distance (T) set.
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    引用文献:
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    US5077653A|1988-11-28|1991-12-31|Christian Barlet|Process and device for programmed spreading of an active product on the surface of the ground|
    US20050255249A1|2002-05-29|2005-11-17|Dirk Schlatterbeck|Method for applying coatings to surfaces|
    US20040163589A1|2002-08-28|2004-08-26|Amtec Kistler Gmbh|Device for applying a coating agent|
    WO2014149695A1|2013-03-15|2014-09-25|Applied Materials, Inc.|Apparatus for material spray deposition of high solid percentage slurries for battery active material manufacture applications|
    WO2014149898A1|2013-03-15|2014-09-25|Applied Materials, Inc.|Complex showerhead coating apparatus with electrospray for lithium ion battery|
    US20060093751A1|2004-11-04|2006-05-04|Applied Materials, Inc.|System and methods for inkjet printing for flat panel displays|
    ITMO20060038A1|2006-02-07|2007-08-08|Syfal Spa|APPARATUS FOR DECORATION OF CERAMIC TILES|
    IT1398100B1|2010-02-02|2013-02-07|Palumbo|INK JET PRINTING DEVICE AND METHOD, FOR SURFACES WITH SURVEYS OR RECEIVERS|
    ITMO20100206A1|2010-07-09|2012-01-10|Tecno System S R L|DIGITAL MACHINE FOR DECORATION OF CERAMIC TILES|CN108527624B|2018-05-25|2020-03-24|重庆新康洁具有限责任公司|Glaze spraying equipment for sanitary appliance|
    法律状态:
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    2019-03-06| FA2A| Application withdrawn|Effective date: 20190228 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT102016000010647|2016-02-02|
    ITUB2016A000063A|ITUB20160063A1|2016-02-02|2016-02-02|MACHINE AND METHOD FOR THE ENAMELLING OF CERAMIC ARTICLES|
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