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    • 专利摘要:
    Feed based on agro-industrial by-products. The present invention relates to a feed comprising between 40% and 85% by weight of cereals and/or oleaginous and between 15% and 30% by weight of dried tomato. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2632663A1
    申请号:ES201630295
    申请日:2016-03-14
    公开日:2017-09-14
    发明作者:Eduarda Molina Alcaide；Manuel ROMERO HUELVA；Miguel Ángel RAMÍREZ FENOSA
    申请人:Zoitechlab Sl；Zoitechlab S L；Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Feed based on agro-industrial by-products
    DESCRIPTION
    The present invention relates to a feed based on agroindustrial by-products. Therefore, the invention falls within the field of the agro-livestock industry.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The production of small ruminants in the Mediterranean area is limited by the shortage of pastures and their low quality, especially during drying periods, being a frequent practice the use of cereal-based concentrates to feed livestock. The variability and increase in the prices of cereals and other raw materials in the last decade (Crop Prospects and Food Situation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, No. 4, December 2011) has also increased the need to turn to sources of alternative nutrients to cereals. The agri-food industry generates significant quantities of by-products, with great potential in this context. Its reuse in diets for ruminants can contribute to reducing production costs and their potential contaminant of the environment.
    In addition, the inclusion of vegetable by-products in animal feed may have an added value of great interest since secondary and present compounds in vegetables and other components represent a potential to improve the health of the animal and also of the consumer of animal products; they can even have an antimetanogenic effect and the reduction of methane emissions from livestock is key to reducing the environmental impact of animal production.
    The high water content of many by-products limits their inclusion in ruminant diets. Therefore, the development of economic and sustainable systems that allow the inclusion of these by-products in the diets without their nutritional and organoleptic properties being affected is essential.
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    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a feed based on agro-industrial by-products. Specifically, the present invention relates to a feed comprising dried tomato and optionally other agro-industrial by-products such as citrus pulp and beer bagasse.
    The feed of the invention has the following advantages:
    - Ruminants fed with the feed of the invention produce less methane;
    - agricultural by-products are used;
    - feed production costs are lower and stable as they have a lower proportion of cereals;
    - the milk produced by feed-fed ruminants has a healthier lipid profile.
    Therefore, a first aspect of the present invention relates to a feed comprising:
    - between 40% and 85% by weight of cereals and / or oilseeds; Y
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    The percentages by weight referred to the feed are both weight percent with respect to the total weight of the feed.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 50% by weight of cereals;
    - between 10% and 35% by weight of oilseeds; Y
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    I think any substance or product, including additives, is intended for oral feeding of animals, whether or not it has been completely or partially transformed.
    Cereals are understood as vegetables whose grains are used directly or after milling in animal and human feeding. Non-limiting examples of cereals are wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum, spelled, millet, rice and rye.
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    Oleaginous means vegetables from whose seeds or fruits oil can be extracted. Non-limiting examples of oilseeds are soy, palm elaeis, peanut, sunflower. In the context of the invention, malz is not considered an oilseed, but a cereal.
    Desiccated tomato means the destrlos or waste of crops, originating in dried greenhouses, or the dried residues produced in the tomato canning industry. Preferably, desiccated tomato means destrlos or crop waste. In the context of the invention, the dried tomato has a humidity of between 5% and 20% by weight with respect to the total weight of dried tomato, preferably between 10% and 15% by weight, more preferably between 12% and 13% by weight.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cereals are selected from maize, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum and any of their mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cereals are in the form of seed, bran, husk, flour and any of their mixtures.
    Bran means the product that is generated after refining and pulverizing the cereal grain and corresponds to the outer layers of the grain.
    Cascarilla means the husk or outer part of the cereal grain. It is generated in the husking process, leaving the shell completely dry and clean, and on the other hand the grain.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cereals are selected from maize, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum and any of their mixtures and the cereals are in the form of seed, bran, husk, flour and any of their mixtures .
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the oilseeds are selected from sunflower, soy and any of their mixtures.
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    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the oilseeds are in the form of flour, husk and any of their mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the oilseeds are selected from sunflower, soy and any of their mixtures and the oilseeds are in the form of flour, husk and any of their mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 40% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 35% by weight of oilseeds; Y
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    These feeds produce less methane per gram of dry matter.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato; Y
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp.
    These feeds even produce a more pronounced decrease in methane than the one immediately before.
    Citrus pulp means the by-product resulting from the extraction of juice from the citrus fruits. The resulting pulp is formed by the skin, segments of the fruit and seeds. In the context of the invention, the citrus pulp has a humidity of between 5% and 20% by weight with respect to the total weight of citrus pulp, preferably, between 10% and 15% by weight, more preferably between 10% and 12% by weight.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 25% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp; Y
    - between 5% and 10% by weight of bagasse of beer.
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    These feeds lead to a decrease in methane produced and an increase in total volatile fatty acids.
    Beer bagasse means the by-product of the beer industry obtained after pressing and filtration of the must that is generated after fermentation of the cereal. In the context of the invention, the beer bagasse has a humidity of between 2% and 15% by weight with respect to the total weight of beer bagasse, preferably, between 5% and 12% by weight, more preferably between 7.5% and 9.5% by weight.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 25% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 10% by weight of bagasse of beer; Y
    - between 2% and 8% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    Brewer's yeast means the fungus that is obtained from barley after a series of treatments and drying processes that make it suitable for human consumption. Brewer's yeast comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus and any of its mixtures. In the context of the invention, beer yeast has a humidity of between 2% and 15% by weight with respect to the total weight of beer yeast, preferably, between 5% and 12% by weight, more preferably between 6.5% and 8.5% by weight.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed comprises:
    - between 30% and 33% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 17% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast.
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    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, cereals comprise corn, wheat and sorghum. Preferably they comprise corn seeds, wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cereals comprise wheat and sorghum, preferably comprise wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the oilseeds are selected from sunflower meal, soybean husk, soybean meal and any of their mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, cereals comprise corn, wheat and sorghum. Preferably they comprise corn seeds, wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds and the oilseeds are selected from sunflower meal, soybean husk, soybean meal and any of their mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cereals comprise wheat and sorghum, preferably comprise wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds and the oilseeds are selected from sunflower meal, soybean husk, soybean meal and Any of your mixtures.
    In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the feed as defined above comprises:
    - between 0% and 7% by weight of corn seeds;
    - between 15% and 22% by weight of wheat bran;
    - between 0% and 15% by weight of sunflower flour;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean husk;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of sorghum seeds;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean meal;
    - between 4% and 7% by weight of wheat seeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of pulp of titricos;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
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    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast; preferably the feed as described above comprises:
    - between 15% and 22% by weight of wheat bran;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean husk;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of sorghum seeds;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean meal;
    - between 4% and 7% by weight of wheat seeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of feed as described above to feed ruminants, preferably the ruminant is selected from goat, sheep and cow, more preferably the ruminant is a goat, even more preferably the goat It is a Murcian-Grenadian goat.
    Ruminant means an animal that has a digestive system consisting of the rumen-rumen, omasum and abomasum. The food is fermented by anaerobic fermentation in the reticulum before being digested.
    A cow means a ruminant belonging to the subspecies Bos primigenius Taurus, either female or male.
    Sheep means a ruminant belonging to the subspecies Ovis orientalis aries, either female or male.
    Goat means a ruminant belonging to the subspecies Capra aegagrus hircus, whether female or male.
    Murcia-Granada goat means a goat that belongs to that goat breed, which sits mainly in the provinces of Granada, Murcia and Albacete, dairy aptitude.
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    A third aspect of the present invention relates to milk produced by a feed fed ruminant as described above, preferably the ruminant is selected from goat, sheep and cow, more preferably the ruminant is a goat and even more preferably it is a Murcian-Grenadian goat.
    Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived, in part, from the description and, in part, from the practice of the invention. The following examples are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
    EXAMPLES
    The invention will be illustrated below by tests carried out by the inventors, which show the effectiveness of the product of the invention.
    Example 1 - In vitro test
    A control diet (DC), consisting of alfalfa hay and commercial concentrate (control) was tested in the ratio 1: 1 and 4 experimental diets in which cereals and other conventional raw materials of the commercial concentrate are replaced by a mixture of by-products Processed tomato, orange pulp, beer bagasse and brewer's yeast (diets T100, T100C, T100CB and T100CBY, respectively).
     control T50 T75 T100 T100C T100CB T100CBY
     Ingredients (% by weight)
     Malz Seeds  25 12.5 6.25 - - - -
     Wheat bran  21.1 21.06 21.06 21.06 16.06 16.06 16.06
     Sunflower meal  12 12 12 12 7 - -
     Soybean husk  10 10 10 10 10 10 10
     Sorghum seeds  10 10 10 10 10 10 10
     Soybean flour  10.9 10.89 10.89 10.89 10.89 10.89 5.89
     Wheat seeds  5.22 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.22 5.22
     Calcium carbonate  1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07
     Beetroot Molasses  1 1 1 1 1 1 1
     Sepiolite  1 1 1 1 1 1 1
     Palm soap  1.21 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26
     Salt  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
     Dried tomato  - 12.5 18.75 25 25 25 25
     Citrus pulp  - - - - 10 10 10
     Bagasse beer  - - - - - 7 7
     Yeast beer  - - - - - - 5
     Mining mix - 2 vitamin  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
     Rupromin®balance 3 buffer  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
     Nutrients
     Dry matter, g / kg MF  89.72 89.09 88.81 88 89.38 87.16 88.68
     Organic material (%)  82.08 80.73 80.58 79.88 80.87 77.98 81.43
     Ashes (%)  5.41 6.23 6.63 7.04 7.21 7.04 7.08
     Gross protein (%)  18 17.39 17.98 18.56 16.99 16.45 17.4
     Ethereal Extract (%)  3.11 3.75 3.71 3.68 3.59 4.17 3.55
     Neutral Detergent Fiber (%)  29.9 25.33 26.68 28.04 26.59 27.06 26.9
     Acid fiber Detergent (%)  12.2 14.16 15.19 16.23 16.1 15.58 12.5
     Lignin acid Detergent  1.85 45.35 15.19 6.41 5.99 5.7 1.84
     Metabolizable Energla, MJ / kg MS  10.6 10.29 10.13 9.96 10.21 10.44 10.4
     UFL1  0.92 0.89 0.88 0.865 0.89 0.92 0.91
    Table 1. Composition in ingredients (g / 100 g) of the concentrate and of the mixtures of by-products tested.1 Forage unit in milk is the net energy of 1 kg of standard barley for milk production. It corresponds to 1700 kcal of Energla Neta.2 The mining-vitamin mixture comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, and 5 salts of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine, cobalt and selenium. 3 Rupromin®
    Balance is a long-acting buffer in the rumen for dairy cattle and beef cattle, which includes calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium oxide and yeasts.
    5 Two 72h incubation series were performed. In each of the series 4 bottles are inclined for each of the studied diets and 4 white ones.
    In each bottle (120 ml capacity) 0.5 g of the corresponding diet were incubated and 60 ml of inoculum are added (mixture of ruminal content from 10 cannulated goats and the following buffer solution (Goering, HK, and Van Soest PJ 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Appliccations), Agric. Handbook No. 379. ArsUSDA. Washington, DC).
     Compound  g / i
     Na2HPO4  5.7
     KH2PO4  6.2
     MgSO4.7H2O  0.6
     CaCl2.2H2O  13.2
     MnCl2.4H2O  10.0
     CoCl2.6H2O  1.0
     FeCl3.6H2O  8.0
     NaHCO3  37.0
     (NH4) HCO3  2.0
     Resazurine  1.0
     Cystelna - HCl  6.25
     NaOH (1 N)  40.0
     Na2S  6.25
    Table 2. Buffer solution used in in vitro fermentation.
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    At 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of fermentation, the pressure and volume of gas produced in each bottle were measured. At 24 h the fermentation is stopped in two bottles of the blank and in 2 of each of the diets, the pH of the content was determined, an allotrate of the gas produced was taken to determine its concentration in methane and an allotrate was sampled to the analysis of volatile fatty acids (AGV).
    After 72 hours of incubation the fermentation was stopped in the other two bottles of the blank and two by diet. Next, the fermentation kinetics for each diet was determined using the SAS program. The amount of by-product included in each 5 diet, its final cost and the methane ratio: AGV.
     Control 0S1 T 75 T 100 T 100 C T 100 CB T 100 CBY 1 Ul P-value
     pH  6.70 6.71 6.69 6.7 6.68 6.71 6.68 0.02 0.091
     Gas production, ml / g MS Incubated  338a 343ab 346abc 350bc 352c 364d 362d 1.36 <0.001
     CH4, ml / ml gas produced  0.1225b 0.133b 0.103a 0.108a 0.094a 0.102a 0.107a 0.01 <0.001
     CH4, ml / g MS incubated  42.3cd 45.7d 35.7ab 37.7b 33.1a 37.2ab 38.7bc 0.63 <0.001
     CH4 / AGVs, ml / mmol  7.80b 7.96b 6.05ab 6.37ab 5.63a 6.11ab 6.37ab 0.25 0.02
     A, mL  118a 121ab 121ab 121ab 123b 125b 124b 0.68 0.004
     c, h-1  0.079a 0.081a 0.087ab 0.096bc 0.098bc 0.102c 0.103c 0.01 0.001
     Total AGVs, mmol  2.51a 2.63ab 2.69b 2.69b 2.68b 2.73b 2.75b 0.01 0.005
     AGVs, mmol / 100 mmol
     Acetic  64.8 65.5 64.3 65.3 66 64.8 65.4 0.14 0.82
     Propionic  21.5 21.7 22.7 22.2 21.7 22.3 22.2 0.38 0.99
     Isobutyric  1.19 1.12 1.12 1.1 1.05 1.08 1.04 0.02 0.97
     Butyric  9.54 8.96 9.15 8.87 8.68 9.16 8.82 0.24 0.99
     Isovaleric  1.63 1.49 1.49 1.41 1.34 1.38 1.27 0.05 0.99
     Valerico  1.34 1.27 1.28 1.21 1.18 1.23 1.19 0.01 0.61
     Acetic / Propionic  3.08 3.05 2.89 2.99 3.09 2.95 3.01 0.06 0.99
    Table 3. Effect of the type of diet on different parameters of ruminal fermentation
    in vitro AGVs, volatile fatty acids; A, Aslntota gas production; c, Rate of degradation of the diet. 1 Standard Error of the Average. MS: dry matter 10 a b c d means within the same row with different superscript differ with a P <
    0.05
    The results show that the diet with a better fermentation was the T100CBY based on the values of A, c and AGV production and includes the largest proportion of 15 by-products.
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    The diets of the invention promoted greater gas production, total AGVs and degradation rate (P> 0.004) in vitro than the control diet.
    On the other hand, the production of CH4 was lower (P <0.02) with the problem diets without changes in the acetic / propionic ratio (P = 0.99).
    Example 2 - In vivo test
    14 Murciano-Grenadine goats (40.4 ± 4.39 kg of live weight (PV) were used in half of their third lactation, divided into two groups that were fed with the control diet and the T100CBY, respectively. animals were fed once a day (9:00 a.m.) with hay and the corresponding concentrate in sufficient quantity to meet the energetic and protein needs established for goats in lactation.After 20 days of adaptation to the diets, allots were taken from the milk produced and the quantities of food consumed and rejected for 5 days were quantified.Then, during two days methane production was measured using individual methacrylate chambers and a gas analyzer (Romero-Huelva et al., Journal of Dairy Science , 95: 6015-6026, 2012).
     EEM P-value diet
     Control  T100CBY
     Live weight (kg)  43.3 45.7 1.09 0.34
     Metabolic weight1 (kg)  16.9 17.6 0.33 0.34
     Intake, g MS / dla
     Alfalfa  637 664 13.3 0.37
     Concentrated  883 838 16.1 0.19
     Total  1,521 1,502 11.5 0.50
     Intake, g MS / kg PV0.75
     Alfalfa  37.8 37.8 0.93 0.99
     Concentrated  52.4 47.7 1.50 0.12
     Total  90.3 85.5 1.86 0.23
    Table 4. Intakes of goats fed with experimental diets. 1 Metabolic weight: calculated from live weight (PV) raised to the power of 0.75.
    As can be seen in Table 4, the total intakes of dry matter, concentrate and alfalfa observed in vivo were similar (P> 0.19) for the diets tested.
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    As can be seen in Table 5, CH4 emissions were reduced (P = 0.03) by approximately 26% in goats fed the T100CBY diet. This reduction could be due to the increase in propionic (P = 0.03).
     EEM P-value diet
     Control  T100CBY
     Methane emissions
     CH4, l / dla  52.5b 38.3a 3.68 0.03
     CH4, l / Kg MSI  34.5b 25.5a 2.38 0.03
     CH4, l / Kg PV075  3.11b 2.18a 0.23 0.01
     pH  7.27 7.17 0.14 0.77
     NH3-N, mg / 100ml  39.2b 24.4a 3.44 0.002
     Total AGVs, mmol / l  75.4 78.3 3.96 0.76
     mmol / 100mmol
     Acetic  66.4 69.4 0.84 0.07
     Propionic  10.4a 13.1b 0.66 0.01
     Isobutyl  2.49 2.21 0.20 0.56
     Butlrico  15.7 11.6 1.15 0.07
     Isovaleric  3.46 2.32 0.33 0.07
     Valerico  1.48 1.33 0.06 0.27
     Acetic / Propionic  6.36b 5.31a 0.28 0.03
    Table 5. Emissions of methane, and average values of pH, NH3-N, total and individual concentration of AGVs in the rumen of goats fed with experimental diets. a b Means within the same row with different superscripts differ by P <0.05
    The milk production of goats fed T100CBY was lower (94 g / dla) than that of the control group (P = 0.006).
     EEM P-value diet
     Control  T100CBY
     Milk Production, g / day1
     Milk  1,287b 1,193a 46.6 0.006
     Fat (Ethereal Extract)  67.1 62.8 1.23 0.07
     Protelna  43.7 44.8 0.66 0.51
     E.Q2  111 108 1.54 0.28
     Milk composition,%
     Fat (Ethereal Extract)  5.22 5.27 0.04 0.51
     Protect  3.40a 3.75b 0.08 <0.001
     E.Q2  8.62a 9.02b 0.09 <0.001
     Somatic Cells, x 1000 / mL  2,096 1,761 418 0.73
    Table 6. Effect of diet on milk production and its composition. 1 Weighted average of the data collected during the sampling and measurement period of CH4. 2 Cheese extract: it is the result of the sum of the fat content and protema.a ’b Stockings within the same row with different superindices differ with a P <0.05.
    5 However, the long-chain fatty acid composition of goat milk fed with the diets of the invention varies with respect to the milk of goats fed the control diet: a significant increase is observed (P <0.01) in the concentrations of linoleic acid (c9c12C18: 2), linolenic acid (c9c12c15C18: 3), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (c9t11C18: 2) and total polyunsaturated 10 (approximately 15%, 36%, 32% and 20%, respectively). In addition there has been an increase (P <0.01) in oleic acid (c9C18: 1), myristoleic (c9C14: 1), palmitoleic (c9C16: 1) and total monounsaturated acids and a reduction (P <0.04) of saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid (C18: 0), behenic acid (C22: 0) and totals (approximately 20%, 41% and 4%, respectively). In general, diet 15 T100CBY promoted a healthier fatty acid profile in goat's milk (Simopoulos, Experimental Biology and Medicine, 233: 674-688, 2008).
     T100CBY EEM P- value control
     Saturated
     C6: 0  2.62 2.65 0.06 0.6
     C8: 0  3.31 3.2 0.11 0.89
     C10: 0  11.9 11.3 0.37 0.68
     C11: 0  0.28a JO 5- o '0.02 <0.001
     C12: 0  4.37 4.26 0.11 0.9
     C14: 0  10.4 10 0.21 0.24
     C15: 0  0.65a 0.85b 0.03 <0.001
     C16: 0  29.8 29.1 0.45 0.44
     C17: 0  0.63a 0.74b 0.02 <0.001
     C18: 0  7.62b 6.06a 0.26 <0.001
     C20: 0  0.13 0.15 0.01 0.32
     C21: 0  0.55 0.62 0.04 0.55
     C22: 0  0.19b 0.11a 0.01 <0.001
     Total saturates  72.6b 69.5a 1.02 0.04
     Monounsaturated
     c9C14: 1  0.20a 0.22b 0.01 0.01
     c9C16: 1  0.87a 1.11b 0.03 <0.001
     1c9C18: 1  15.8a 18.6b 0.44 <0.001
     c11C18: 1  0.34a 0.43b 0.02 0.01
     t9C18: 1  1.23 1.24 0.14 0.76
     Total monounsaturated  18.4a 21.7b 0.48 <0.001
     Polyunsaturated
     c9c12C18: 2  1.97a 2.32b 0.07 0.01
     c9t11CLA  0.48a or '0.03 <0.001
     C18: 2 n-6  0.56 0.6 0.02 0.41
     c9c12c15C18: 3, alpha LNA  0.24a 0.38b 0.02 <0.001
     20: 3 n-6  0.15 0.16 0 0.27
     C20: 4 n-6  0.18a 0.31b 0.02 <0.001
     Total Polyunsaturated  3.59a 4.47b 0.13 <0.001
     According to origin2
     <16 carbon atoms  33.8 32.9 0.7 0.76
     16 carbon atoms  30.7 30.2 0.45 0.6
     > 16 carbon atoms  30.1a 32.5b 0.42 0.01
     Zn3 / Zn6  0.10a 0.13b 0.01 0.01
     atherogenicity index  3.45b 2.81a 0.12 <0.001
    Table 7. Composition in long-chain fatty acids (g / 100 g of total fat) in the milk fat of goats fed with experimental diets. a b Means within the same row with different superscripts differ by P <0.05. 1 Contains trans-12, cis-10 + trans-15 C18: 1 as minor components. 2 <16 carbon atoms represent de novo synthesized fatty acids,> 16 carbon atoms represent preformed fatty acids captured from the bloodstream, and 16 carbon atoms are fatty acids that come from both sources. * Approximately 2.6% of unidentified fatty acids.
    The animals were ordered by hand every day before the food was supplied and milk production and density were measured. Allcuotas of milk were taken that were stored at -30 ° C, to determine their composition in fatty acids. The composition of the food samples and rejected samples were analyzed according to
    AOAC procedures (Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).
    The statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed using a simple ANOVA 5 of the SPSS program (IBM SPSS Statistics v.19, IBM Corp., Somers, NY). Differences between means were analyzed using the Tukey test.
    权利要求:
    Claims (35)
    [1]
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    1. I think it includes:
    - between 40% and 85% by weight of cereals and / or oilseeds; Y
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    [2]
    2. I think according to the previous claim, which includes:
    - between 30% and 50% by weight of cereals;
    - between 10% and 35% by weight of oilseeds; Y
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    [3]
    3. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cereals are selected from marsh, wheat, barley, oats, sorghum and any of their mixtures.
    [4]
    4. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cereals are in the form of seed, bran, husk, flour and any of their mixtures.
    [5]
    5. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oilseeds are selected from sunflower, soy and any of their mixtures.
    [6]
    6. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oilseeds are in the form of flour, husk and any of their mixtures.
    [7]
    7. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 30% and 40% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 35% by weight of oilseeds; Y
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato.
    [8]
    8. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 30% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato; Y
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    [9]
    9. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 25% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp; Y
    - between 5% and 10% by weight of bagasse of beer.
    [10]
    10. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 30% and 35% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 25% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 20% and 30% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 10% by weight of bagasse of beer; Y
    - between 2% and 8% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    [11]
    11. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 30% and 33% by weight of cereals;
    - between 15% and 17% by weight of oilseeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    [12]
    12. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the cereals comprise maize, sorghum and wheat.
    [13]
    13. I think according to the previous claim, where the cereals comprise maize seeds, wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds.
    [14]
    14. I think according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cereals comprise wheat and sorghum.
    [15]
    15. I think according to the previous claim, where the cereals comprise wheat bran, sorghum seeds and wheat seeds.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    [16]
    16. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oilseeds are selected from sunflower meal, soybean husk, soybean meal and any of their mixtures.
    [17]
    17. I think according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:
    - between 0% and 7% by weight of maize seeds;
    - between 15% and 22% by weight of wheat bran;
    - between 0% and 15% by weight of sunflower flour;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean husk;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of sorghum seeds;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean meal;
    - between 4% and 7% by weight of wheat seeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    [18]
    18. I think according to the previous claim that includes:
    - between 15% and 22% by weight of wheat bran;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean husk;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of sorghum seeds;
    - between 8% and 12% by weight of soybean meal;
    - between 4% and 7% by weight of wheat seeds;
    - between 23% and 27% by weight of dried tomato;
    - between 6% and 12% by weight of citrus pulp;
    - between 5% and 9% by weight of beer bagasse; Y
    - between 3% and 7% by weight of brewer's yeast.
    [19]
    19. I think according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the dried tomato has a humidity of between 5% and 20% by weight.
    [20]
    20. I think according to the previous claim, where the dried tomato has a humidity of between 10% and 15% by weight.
    [21]
    21. I think according to any of claims 8 to 11, 17 or 18, wherein the citrus pulp has a humidity of between 5% and 20% by weight.
    twenty
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    30
    35
    [22]
    22. I think according to the previous revindication, where the citrus pulp has a humidity between 10% and 15% by weight.
    [23]
    23. I think according to any of claims 9 to 11, 17 or 18, wherein the beer bagasse has a humidity of between 2% and 15% by weight.
    [24]
    24. I think according to the previous revindication, where the bagasse of beer has a humidity of between 5% and 12% by weight.
    [25]
    25. I think according to any of claims 10, 11, 17 or 18, wherein the brewer's yeast has a humidity of between 2% and 15% by weight.
    [26]
    26. I think according to the previous revindication, where beer yeast has a humidity of between 5% and 12% by weight.
    [27]
    27. Use of the feed according to any of claims 1 to 26 to feed ruminants.
    [28]
    28. Use according to the previous revindication, where the ruminant is selected from goat, sheep and cow.
    [29]
    29. Use according to any of claims 27 or 28, wherein the ruminant is a goat.
    [30]
    30. Milk produced by a feed fed ruminant according to any one of claims 1 to 26.
    [31]
    31. Milk according to the previous revindication, where the ruminant is selected from goat, sheep and cow.
    [32]
    32. Milk according to any of claims 30 or 31, wherein the ruminant is a goat.
    [33]
    33. Milk according to the previous revindication, where the goat is a Murcian-Grenadian goat.
    [34]
    34. Milk according to any of claims 30 to 33 comprising between 18% and 19% by weight of oleic acid with respect to total fat.
    5 35. Milk according to any of claims 30 to 34 comprising between a
    2% and 3% by weight of linoleic acid with respect to total fat.
    [36]
    36. Milk according to any of claims 30 to 35 comprising less than 7% by weight of stearic acid with respect to total fat.
    10
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4145447A|1973-03-22|1979-03-20|Said Stanton E. Fisher, By Said Bernard W. Weinrich|Highly compacted animal food system|
    CN102028113A|2010-10-18|2011-04-27|新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧科学院饲料研究所|Process for preparing daily ration of beef cattle for producing functional beef|CN107897108A|2017-10-28|2018-04-13|云南丁琦农牧业发展有限公司|The cultural method of black bone sheep|
    CN107926835A|2017-11-17|2018-04-20|广西博白县春福林家庭农场|A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich sheep|
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