• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Procedure for extracting viscous hydrocarbons remaining in tanks and pipes. Process characterized by including among its operations the injection into tanks and pipes of a stream constituted by hot air with high relative humidity and superheated water vapor precise at every moment to cause the flow of hydrocarbons to the extraction zone in an effective way and insurance. - cash. The free water vapor and that absorbed by the hot air allow to transmit large amounts of latent heat; additionally, the overheating increases the sensible heat and retards the cession of latent heat to the different temperatures of dew, propitiating a transmission of more uniform heat and with greater effective range. - insurance. The continuous injection of air avoids the generation of explosive atmospheres and the humidity conditions generated avoid fire risks. The procedure is applicable to oil tanks and pipes and viscous petroleum products. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2629156A1
    申请号:ES201600007
    申请日:2016-01-07
    公开日:2017-08-07
    发明作者:Evaristo Fontecha Cuetos
    申请人:Symiceis 2014 S L；Symiceis 2014 SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Extraction procedure of viscous hydrocarbons remaining in tanks and pipes.
     5
    Object of the invention

    Tanks and pipelines of petroleum products should be emptied regularly for periodic inspections, maintenance work, cargo changes or demolition. The object of the present invention is a method of extracting 10 viscous hydrocarbons characterized by an operation that reduces the viscosity of the hydrocarbons by injecting into the tanks and pipes a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and superheated water vapor .

    The procedure is applicable to tanks and pipelines of oil and viscous petroleum products, which are widespread in oil fields, oil refineries, port terminals, oil tankers, thermal power plants, petrochemical plants, etc.

    State of the art 20

    The process object of the invention has as background two methods of selective extraction of viscous hydrocarbons from storage tanks that on 04.28.2011 and on 01.01.2014 were subject to patent application by the same inventor as the present. The first request was granted on 07.27.2013 with the number ES 25 2391183 B1. The international search report of the mentioned patent indicated as background three documents that did not represent any impediment to its granting (US 105085242 A Great Eastern Bermuda LTD, GB 2101475 A British Petroleum CO PLC and US 3874399 A Fuji Oil CO LTD).
     30
    The present invention corrects a deficiency of its two background procedures, which is the limited heat transfer capacity of hot air to fluidize the remaining hydrocarbons in large tanks (Ø> 60 meters) or in the pipes of hundreds of meters long. Deficiency that becomes more evident in winter conditions or in the final phase of extraction, which causes that in the tanks a significant part of the hydrocarbons is not finally extracted and that in the pipes there are limitations in its length. What is not feasible is to increase the heat transmission with warmer air or with more air flow, since heating the air to very high temperatures is not possible in the areas where the procedure is applied (ATEX classified zones with temperature limitations for 40 electrical equipment, generally 200 ° C in petroleum products), and increasing hot air flows would imply exorbitant costs in the tanks for the acquisition of powerful electric heaters approved for ATEX areas and for the supply of large generator sets with their corresponding projects. temporary installation Added difficulties arise in the pipes, since increasing the flow rates of hot air injection would imply increasing the pressure in the pipes to unsafe extremes from the point of view of safety, due to the risk of fire associated with electrostatic currents air generated at high velocity and with minimal relative humidity in the pipes, a risk that determined that the pipes were not patented in the two previous procedures. In the second patent application the problem of heat input to the remaining hydrocarbons in the tanks was solved by adding to the procedure a specific operation based on the recirculation of hot water, but it is a complex operation that in practice offers unsatisfactory results.

    The present invention solves the aforementioned deficiency by injecting into the tank or pipe a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and the superheated water vapor that is needed at any time to cause the flow of hydrocarbons into the extraction zone of an effective and safe way, which means increasing the heat transfer capacity to the surface layer of remaining hydrocarbons in tanks with moderately sized equipment, whose consumption of electricity and water vapor can be satisfied by means of supplies They are usually available at petroleum products storage facilities. Additionally, overheating 10 increases the sensible heat of the injected current and retards the transfer of latent heat at the different dew temperatures, ostensibly expanding the effective range of heat transmission, which is especially relevant for the application of the procedure to the large tanks with floating oil roofs (Ø> 60 meters) and with viscous oil products pipes of many hundreds of meters in length. fifteen

    Another conclusive advantage of the present procedure with respect to the two antecedents is that the air with high relative humidity does not accumulate electrostatic charges because it has a conductivity much higher than the air with reduced relative humidity.
     twenty
    At the date of presentation of the present invention, the procedures most used in refineries to extract viscous hydrocarbons remaining in oil tanks are based on dilution by injecting non-viscous hydrocarbons supplied by the refineries themselves. In fuel oil and other viscous hydrocarbons tanks, the most common is to extract by means of suction and discharge trucks, with operators inside the tanks pushing the hydrocarbons towards the suction hoses. As far as viscous hydrocarbon pipes are concerned, the most widespread procedures are based on cleaning by means of nitrogen-propelled "pigs" and "flushing" by means of hoses and pressurized water heads. The process object of the patent has important advantages over the procedures referred to above, such as not requiring the injection of non-viscous hydrocarbons in the tanks to fluidize the remaining hydrocarbons or the injection of nitrogen for the inertization of the tanks and the pipes, extract the hydrocarbons without mixing them with the contaminants deposited at the bottom of the tanks, and make use of simple and easy-to-install equipment that eliminates the need for work and modifications on the roofs of the tanks or cuts in the pipes.

    Description of the invention
     40
    The method object of the invention comprises the following sequence of operations:

    - Measurements of the concentrations of flammable or toxic gases to prevent the associated risks, controls the temperature of extraction of hydrocarbons to prevent excessive heating and grounding of the equipment to dissipate electrostatic charges. Initially measurements are made of the flammable or toxic gases existing inside the tank or pipe, proceeding to its ventilation if the permissible concentration limits are exceeded. During the practice of the procedure, measurements are made on the air flow at its exit from the tank or pipe. The 50 temperature measurements of the hydrocarbons are made by thermometers installed in the external heating, filtering or pumping equipment.

    - Heating by means of the injection into the tank or pipe of a current constituted by hot air with high relative humidity and by the superheated steam that is needed at any moment to cause the flow of hydrocarbons towards the extraction area in an effective way and sure. The injection of air and water vapor into the tanks can be carried out with a high-pressure centrifugal fan with a static pressure of around 100 millibars, while higher pressure is needed in the pipes and is preferably carried out with a blower that transmits a static pressure around 50 millibars in the initial phase of extraction and that can exceed 1,000 millibars in the final phase. The high pressure centrifugal fan or blower forces the passage of atmospheric air and water vapor through an electric heater with baffles conveniently arranged to establish a turbulent flow that favors the absorption of moisture from the air. Taking into account that the moisture absorption capacity of the air increases with temperature, with the turbulent flow of the air and water vapor by an electric heater with baffles, the air is heated and absorbs a considerable amount water vapor, so that the relative humidity of the hot air increases to values as close to the saturation humidity as the sizing or configuration of the electric heater and the pressure transmitted by the high pressure centrifugal fan or the blower allow. As more heat input is required to maintain the flow of hydrocarbons to the extraction zone, 20 increasing amounts of water vapor are added which, whether absorbed by the hot air or if it remains free, overheats in the electric heater and injected into the tank or pipe. This achieves a heat input that reduces the viscosity of hydrocarbons in an effective and safe way.
     25
    • Cash. Free water vapor and that absorbed by hot air allow large amounts of latent heat to be transmitted; additionally, overheating increases the sensible heat of the injected current and retards the transfer of latent heat at different dew temperatures, leading to a more uniform heat transmission and with a greater effective range. 30

    • Insurance. The continuous injection of air prevents the generation of explosive atmospheres and the humidity conditions generated with the water vapor avoid fire risks.
     35
    The regulations that affect electrical equipment in ATEX classified areas establish the maximum temperature to be reached in the core of the electric heater, thus limiting the temperature at which the air flow and water vapor can be heated. In the case of oil, its self-ignition temperature or that of the evolved gases determines a limitation of 200 ° C (temperature class T3). The available water vapor 40 usually in the storage facilities is around 3 bar pressure, so that the water vapor would enter the electric heater at approximately 135 ° C and would have a maximum heating range of 65 ° C. This margin is not very significant in terms of the increase in sensible heat that can be obtained, but it is in relation to achieving a more uniform heat transmission and reaching the hydrocarbons farther from the injection point of the current, since overheating delays the moment when latent heat assignments occur at different dew temperatures.

    - Removal of the tank from a slightly higher air flow rate than that provided, by means of a centrifugal fan installed in the lower external area of the tank envelope and as far away as possible from the injection point. It is thus possible to transmit the heat more evenly and to force a slight depression in the tank that avoids losses of hot air and water vapor through the sealing ring in the floating roof tanks
    or through vents in fixed roof tanks. This operation is not necessary in the extraction of hydrocarbons from the pipes, because there are no possible losses of hot air or water vapor, except for the ends of the pipe.

    - Additional heating, by means of heating devices located inside the tank and external heat exchangers, to facilitate the operations of extraction, filtering and transfer of hydrocarbons to the point designated for this purpose. The heating devices inside the tank (heating coils, ATEX electrical resistors, etc.) must be located very close to the suction lines or they can be integrated in them, so that the heating of the hydrocarbons is simultaneous to their extraction. As an example of integrated devices are the simultaneous suction and heating devices, which are connected to the end of the suction hoses and have two differentiated chambers, a suction chamber through which the hydrocarbons circulate and another heating chamber through which it can circulate water vapor or house an electric heating system. The rest of the 15 equipment necessary for the practice of the procedure (heat exchangers, filters and pumps) are conventional, with the exception of the pumps, which must be approved for areas with risk of formation of explosive atmospheres. Once the heat input ceases to be effective and the hydrocarbon flow to the extraction zone ends, the application of the procedure is terminated. The temperature at which the hydrocarbons must be heated depends on their characteristics and is generally between 30ºC and 70ºC, temperature achievable in the pipes without the need for additional heating. The application of the procedure to the pipes can require a previous extraction of hydrocarbons until reaching a level of filling that allows the circulation of the air stream and water vapor from one end of the pipe to the other. 25 As the level of hydrocarbons in the pipes allows it, the pressure at which the current is injected and the flow of water vapor injected are increased, always in a controlled manner so as not to cause avalanches that impede the circulation of the current of air and water vapor through the pipe. Water vapor acts as an air adjuvant to complete the extraction of hydrocarbons and has a degreasing effect of the pipe. The stream of air and water vapor injected into the pipe must have a free outlet at the opposite end of the injection so that in its advance it drives the hydrocarbons out of the pipe. The hydrocarbons are collected in a container located under the outlet end of the pipe and are immediately pumped to the point designated for that purpose. Once the extraction of the hydrocarbons has been completed, the supply of water vapor is interrupted and the hot atmospheric air injection is maintained until the pipe is completely dry.

    Description of the attached figure 40

    A scheme of the procedure applied to a floating roof tank -1- is shown in Figure 1. The high-pressure centrifugal fan -2- drives atmospheric air and water vapor -3-, forcing its turbulent flow through an electric heater with deflectors -4- and injecting hot air with high relative humidity and water vapor 45 superheated in the tank, while a centrifugal fan -5- extracts from the tank an amount of air slightly higher than the injected and releases it to the atmosphere. Simultaneous heating and suction devices -6-, filters -7- for retention of large solids, heat exchanger -8-, a filter unit -9- for retention are installed in the hydrocarbon extraction zone of solids of small size and a pump -10-, by means of which the extraction, heating, filtering and transfer of hydrocarbons are carried out to the point designated for this purpose -11-.


    Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention

    A representative example of application of the procedure is presented in the extraction of the remaining oil in the floating roof tanks, very advantageous application when the floating roof is in its maintenance position, supported on its legs 5 support at the bottom of the tank, which It means limiting the height of the tank and facilitating the heating of the remaining oil. The sequence of operations is as follows:

    - Measurements of flammable or toxic gas concentrations, oil extraction temperature controls and equipment grounding. In the event that oil overheating or inadmissible concentrations of flammable or toxic gases were detected, the heating would be interrupted immediately and the ventilation of the tank would be maintained until the required safety conditions were recovered.
     fifteen
    - Heating by injecting into the tank a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and the superheated water vapor necessary to reduce the viscosity of the surface layer of the remaining oil and cause its flow to the extraction zone. The heating of the air, the simultaneous absorption of moisture by the air and the overheating of the water vapor are achieved by forcing the turbulent flow of atmospheric air and water vapor by an electric heater with baffles. As more heat input is required to maintain the flow of oil to the extraction zone, increasing amounts of water vapor are added. In addition to yielding the corresponding latent heat at the phase change, once condensed water vapor favors the flow of hydrocarbons 25 towards the extraction zone.

    - Removal of the tank from a slightly higher air flow rate than that provided by a centrifugal fan installed in the manhole that is furthest from the point of injection of the current, in order to achieve a more uniform transmission of heat and force a slight Depression in the tank that prevents losses of hot air and water vapor through the sealing ring.

    - Additional heating, by means of heating devices located inside the tank and external heat exchangers, to facilitate the operations of extracting, filtering and transferring the oil to the point designated for this purpose. Once the heat input ceases to be effective and the flow of oil to the suction lines ends, the application of the extraction procedure is terminated, leaving the oily sludge and the fractions of the oil with high levels at the bottom of the tank melting temperature for removal by conventional methods. 40
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]

    1. Procedure for extracting viscous hydrocarbons remaining in storage tanks characterized by including among its operations the injection into the tanks of a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and steam 5 of superheated water.
    The procedure consists of the following operations:
    - Measurements of concentrations of flammable or toxic gases, controls of the temperature of extraction of hydrocarbons and grounding of the equipment.
    - Heating of the hydrocarbon surface layer by injecting into the tank a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and by the amount of superheated water vapor needed at any time to cause the hydrocarbon flow to the area Extraction The heating of the air, the simultaneous absorption of moisture by the air and the overheating of the water vapor are achieved by forcing the turbulent flow of atmospheric air and water vapor by an electric heater with baffles.
     twenty
    - Removal of the tank from a slightly higher air flow rate than that provided by a centrifugal fan installed in the lower external area of the tank envelope and as far away as possible from the injection point.
    - Additional heating of hydrocarbons by means of heating devices 25 located inside the tank and external heat exchangers.
    - Extraction, filtering and transfer of hydrocarbons to the designated point for this purpose.

    [2]
    2. Procedure for extracting viscous hydrocarbons remaining in pipes 30 characterized by including among its operations the injection into the pipes of a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and superheated water vapor.
    The procedure consists of the following operations: 35
    - Measurements of concentrations of flammable or toxic gases, controls of the temperature of extraction of hydrocarbons and grounding of the equipment.
    - Previous extraction of hydrocarbons from the pipe, if necessary, until reaching a level of filling that allows the flow of air and water vapor from one end of the pipe to the other.
    - Heating of hydrocarbons by injecting into the pipeline a stream consisting of hot air with high relative humidity and by the amount of superheated water vapor 45 needed at any time to cause the flow of hydrocarbons to the established extraction zone at the opposite end of the pipe. The heating of the air, the simultaneous absorption of moisture by the air and the overheating of the water vapor are achieved by forcing the turbulent flow of atmospheric air and water vapor by an electric heater with 50 deflectors.
    - Extraction of the hydrocarbons by the end of the pipe opposite the injection and transfer them to the point designated for that purpose. As the level of
    hydrocarbons in the pipes allow it, and always in a controlled way so as not to cause avalanches that impede the circulation of the air and water vapor flow through the pipe, the pressure at which the current and the steam flow are injected are increased of water provided until the hydrocarbon extraction is complete.
     5
    - Injection of hot atmospheric air into the pipe until it is completely dry.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    ES2629156B1|2018-07-27|Extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons remaining in tanks and pipes
    US20220057081A1|2022-02-24|Heat Exchanger
    CN104114808A|2014-10-22|Heated crude oil pipeline
    ES2835026T3|2021-06-21|Gas flow heating system and installation using this system
    BR112012017835A2|2016-04-19|neutralization of gaseous pollutants by artificial photosynthesis
    CN105627336A|2016-06-01|Treatment device for pitch smoke
    ES2104215T3|1997-10-01|GAS OPERATED INFRARED RADIATION RADIATOR FOR HEATING PURPOSES.
    US20140360702A1|2014-12-11|Fluid recirculating economizer
    CN103743104A|2014-04-23|Safe-to-use heat carrier furnace
    WO2015110679A1|2015-07-30|Method for the selective extraction of remaining viscous hydrocarbons in storage tanks
    ES2727155A1|2019-10-14|Extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons from storage tanks and process equipment |
    CN103982892A|2014-08-13|Economizer with condensed water guide plate
    CN201756180U|2011-03-09|Movable fuel oil heating system
    ES2529475B1|2015-12-04|Water vapor boiler purge energy recovery equipment
    ES1075003U|2011-07-12|Heat exchanger
    JP2013031401A|2013-02-14|Snow melting device of multi-span type vinyl house
    ES2796092B2|2021-07-05|SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF VISCOSE HYDRO-CARBIDE FROM TANKS AND OTHER CONTAINERS
    US4658868A|1987-04-21|Asphalt pumping system and method
    US5423374A|1995-06-13|Heat exchanger for flue gas
    US20120024498A1|2012-02-02|Fluid Recirculating Economizer
    RU166538U1|2016-11-27|RESERVOIR FOR OIL PRODUCTS
    CL2016001856A1|2017-03-24|An apparatus for heating fluid that includes a tank for maintaining the fluid to be heated, and a fuel laminate that includes a fuel mixture that includes reagents and a catalyst, and an electric resistor or other heat source in thermal communication with the mixture of fuel and catalyst.
    ES2735198T3|2019-12-17|Method for cleaning a large tank for a flammable liquid and device for it
    US20200132295A1|2020-04-30|Heating device
    RU130678U1|2013-07-27|HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2629156B1|2018-07-27|
    WO2017118766A1|2017-07-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5425814A|1991-12-10|1995-06-20|Serv-Tech, Inc.|Method for quick turnaround of hydrocarbon processing units|
    US20060254620A1|2005-05-13|2006-11-16|Union Tank Car Company|Process for cleaning asphalt tank cars|
    ES2391183B1|2011-04-28|2013-08-01|Evaristo Fontecha Cuetos|PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF HIGH-VISCOSITY HYDROCARBONS REMANENT IN STORAGE TANK FUNDS.|
    ES2544575B1|2014-01-24|2016-06-29|Evaristo Fontecha Cuetos|Selective extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons remaining in storage tanks|ES2727155A1|2018-04-12|2019-10-14|Cuetos Evaristo Fontecha|Extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons from storage tanks and process equipment |
    ES2796092B2|2020-06-03|2021-07-05|Cuetos Evaristo Fontecha|SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE EXTRACTION OF VISCOSE HYDRO-CARBIDE FROM TANKS AND OTHER CONTAINERS|
    法律状态:
    2016-09-29| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: SYMICEIS 2014, S.L. Effective date: 20160923 |
    2018-07-27| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2629156 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180727 |
    2021-09-29| FD2A| Announcement of lapse in spain|Effective date: 20210929 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201600007A|ES2629156B1|2016-01-07|2016-01-07|Extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons remaining in tanks and pipes|ES201600007A| ES2629156B1|2016-01-07|2016-01-07|Extraction procedure for viscous hydrocarbons remaining in tanks and pipes|
    PCT/ES2016/000139| WO2017118766A1|2016-01-07|2016-12-23|Method for the extraction of residual viscous hydrocarbons in tanks and pipes|
    [返回顶部]