• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method of construction of the external enclosures of buildings and prefabricated panel for its execution. The present invention relates to a prefabricated panel for the construction with the improved functional properties in terms of the comfort of the dwellings, improvement of the thermotechnical properties and of the fire resistance, as well as reduction of the intensity in the use of the hand of work for its assembly and a method of projection, manufacture and assembly of the enclosures that comprise the panel described. The prefabricated panel is based on a metal frame composed of thermo-profiles with lattice in the shape of "louver" with the integration of mobile anchors and handling system, filled with thermoacoustic insulation. The panel presents a total degree of industrialization since it has the final finish of the exterior face, carpentry and glazing, rain gutters and other accessories made under the conditions of the manufacturing workshop. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2628326A1
    申请号:ES201600087
    申请日:2016-01-27
    公开日:2017-08-02
    发明作者:Gleb YAKUSHEV YAKUSHEV
    申请人:Gleb YAKUSHEV YAKUSHEV；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    5
    A METHOD OF CQNSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL CLOSURES OF BUILDINGS AND PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION
    TECN1CA SECTOR
    The present invention belongs to the construction sector and more specifically to the 10 methods of construction of the exterior enclosures of residential, public and industrial buildings and in addition to the construction elements intended for the execution thereof.
    The main object of the present invention is a prefabricated panel for construction with improved functional properties in terms of contortion of homes, improvement of thermotechnical properties and fire resistance, as well as reduction of the intensity in the use of Labor for assembly.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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    The patent “METHOD TO ERECT OUTER WALL OF BUILDING AND MULTILAYER BUILDING PANEL FOR ITS REALIZATION" is now known "{ref .: RU2440471 (C1) international classification: E04B2 / 26; E04B2 / 88; published 20.01.2012) in which it is described following procedure: the metal frame of the panel is assembled in horizontal position 25 by adding a fiber cement panel on its outer face, then, in the vertical position, the structure of the panel is filled with thermal insulation of low mineral wool density and closes the intrados of the panel with laminated plasterboard The multilayer panel is installed between building slabs, by means of fixing elements, so that panel flies 1/3 to 'A of its thickness. Forged and perimeter pillars 30 are lined with insulation and closed with fiber cement panel flush with the panel finish.The drawbacks of the method described above are as follows:
    1. The installation of the panels between the building slabs does not allow compensation for the damages of the execution of the supporting structure of the building, which implies the formation of uncontrollable cracks between the panels.
    35 2. The panel has open joints with slabs and adjacent panels which implies the
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    high demands on its sealing.
    3. The panel is mounted on the floor and therefore occupies part of the east.
    4. After the assembly of the panels, additional work on the finishing of the facades and finishing of the slab and pillar edges is required.
    5. As thermal insulation, mineral or basaltic rock wool panels of low density are used since the only way to install the insulating plates between the vertical profiles of the pre-assembled framework is through their previous deformation.
    6. The insulants of rock wool or low density basaltic wool, to get wet and in the process of its operation, settle. This settlement produces free spaces (gaps) between the panel and insulation framework, which entails the decrease of thermo-technical properties.
    7. For the protection of the insulator against moisture, the waterproof vapor barrier film is used, which prevents the effect of permeation of the structure of water vapor enclosures and the possibility of drying the insulator, making them non-breathable.
    8. The prefabricated panels described above do not consider geometric deviations and damage to the building structure. The method of installing Neva panels resulted in a lack of tightness of the facade.
    9. The useful life of low density rock wool insulators is shorter than the useful life of buildings, which will lead to the repair of the enclosures, even until they are completely disassembled.
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    In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the inconveniences mentioned in the previous sections, the method of construction of the building enclosures and a prefabricated panel have been developed, which are described below:
    According to the method of construction of panels, object of the present patent, first the supporting structure of the building is raised. Individually, the building's enclosures are mounted creating the thermal envelope with exact compliance with the execution project and with the independence of the geometric shape of the slabs thanks to the anchoring system of the enclosure panels that allows the enclosure to be adjusted and leveled. The union between the building structure and the envelope formed by the panels is carried out by means of an anchoring system consisting of the mobile elements with the capacity of regulation in three directions. Said system consists of two components: horizontal regulation anchor plate (7) comprising a metal element that is anchored to the building floor slab and is regulated in the horizontal piano and an integral element of the panel - anchor hook (8), in turn, it guarantees a smooth regulation of the panel on the vertical piano and a firm fixation. The mechanism of the mobile hook (8) consists of a system of movement through a threaded surface. In its upper part, which coincides with the upper edge of the panel, the mobile hook (8) has a regulating element (17) in the form of the head of the adjusting screw and its hidden part located inside the panel represents a threaded bolt which, when turned, produces a rise or fall of the hook.
    The panels are installed hanging out of the perimeter of the slab on the support plates (horizontal fasteners) that allow to compensate for any type of acceptable geometric deviation.
    The union between the panels is based on a tongue and groove assembly system. Each panel has the elements "male" (12) in the contour of the perimeter and in the response part - "female" (13) .This type of link between the panels discards the presence of the cracks forming the homogeneous thermal envelope.
    Each panel that arrives at the work consists of the exterior finish (4) according to the edification project, window jambs, windowsills, glazed carpentry (10) (previously installed in the manufacturing plant). This degree of prefabrication does not require additional finishing work on the “in situ” facades and allows the building construction speed to be considerably increased. The inner face is sheared "in situ" with any known technique. In the drawings represented the best solution in terms of water vapor permeability based on tongue and groove plasterboard. This way they avoid
    totally the possible condensations and the panel, for the characteristic of all its layers it is considered as “unilayer
    The thermal envelope formed by panels outside the perimeter of the floor eliminates the possibility of freezing of the supporting structure (11) of the building and the presence of the 5 thermal bridges in the areas of the slab edges and perimeter pillars.
    The manufacturing quality of the enclosure panels and the thermal envelope of the building in general is guaranteed by means of the application of high quality materials and by the prefabrication method based on the mechanical construction industry is controlled. at all stages of the manufacturing process.
    The predetermined degree of precision of all the elements of the enclosure panel is 0.1 mm.
    The core of the enclosure panel comprises a frame (1) that determines strength and stiffness characteristics and a thermo acoustic insulating material (3) which can be a liquid material that hardens once it has been poured into the frame, or plates of high density basaltic rock wool. These materials do not suffer any type of settlement.
    The liquid insulation of foamed sodium glass is an ecological material, does not produce allergies, non-flammable and does not keep fire propagation. In it mold fungi are not created.
    20 The elements of the thermo framework (1) are manufactured in such a way that they guarantee an unlimited number of geometric configurations of the panel, thus adapting to the requirements of the specific type of building.
    The frame elements comprise different types of thermoprofiles (14), plates, consoles and anchoring elements (8). On the integral frame profiles 25 the thermo-characteristic grooves (2) in the form of a “Louver” trellis are prepared by means of punching. This type of trellis does not weaken the profile because it does not remove the metal but forms a new geometn'a increasing the resistance properties of the profile The thermo-grooves or thermo-lattices are located along the lagoon in a scanned order and the open side part of the lattice is oriented towards the center of gravity of the section of the profile. The trellis also ensures good adhesion between the thermo shell and the monolithic thermo acoustic insulation material.
    The outer face of the prefabricated panel (4) is generally solved with one of the following types of façade: ventilated façade, the finish layer being not limited in the variety of materials, or thermoscoated painted lining.
    35 The variety of exterior finish (4) of the enclosure panels is not limited and applies
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    on the panels in production factory conditions.
    Likewise, the panel can contain any architectural element, such as imposts, cornices, moldings, etc., according to the architectural design of the building.
    Because of its composition, the panel is considered as “unilayered” because all the component layers have the same coefficient of water vapor permeability and therefore are homogeneous. As described above, the panel does not lack the vapor barrier (film), moisture and wind.
    Another characteristic of the panel is that it can be disassembled at any time, recycled without waste and without manufacturing waste or reused again.
    The technical result of the invention:
    • Increase of the speed of the realization of the enclosures of buildings
    • Elimination of thermal bridges in floors by moving the enclosure structure outside the perimeter of the supporting structure.
    • The construction features of the panels allow, regardless of the possible collapse of the building structure, to achieve a tight bond between panels and perfect flatness of the facade.
    • Increase of the useful surface of the plant characterized by the displacement of the enclosure outside the floor slab leaving the latter free of the component parts of the traditional enclosure.
    • Increase of the useful life of the building enclosures characterized by the completion of the finishing and installation work of carpenter and its glazing in factory conditions.
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    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where the illustrative and non-limiting nature has been represented. next:
    Figure 1- Shows an overview of the prefabricated panel for construction.
    Figure 2 - Shows an overview of the lower corner of the panel and thermoprofile.
    Figure 3.- Shows a thermoprofile with a lattice in the form of “Louver”
    Figure 4 - Shows an anchor in the form of a mobile metal plate.
    Figure 5 - Shows a mobile anchoring element that integrates the prefabricated panel and the “female” element of the union with an upper panel.
    Figure 6.- Shows a union between the panel and the structure of the building (forged) by means of the mobile anchors.
    Figure 7.- Shows the tongue and groove joint between two panels and the way of anchoring to the floor. Figure 8.- Shows the general view of the method of construction of the enclosures with prefabricated panels.
    Figure 9.- Shows a view of the inner face of the two panels installed with their corresponding interior finish (surface preparation), carpentry with glazing and finishes of the hollows of the windows.
    Figure 10.- Show the profile! from the panel anchored to the floor by mobile anchors.
    Figure 11.- Shows the general section through the prefabricated panel window.
    The works prior to the elaboration of the panels include the elaboration of a 3D model of the structure of a building and can use 3D laser scanning for the 5 existing structures. Subsequently, the future thermal contour of the building is modeled and then it is divided into elements (panels) that are individually modeled each type at a more detailed level.
    Once the exact three-dimensional models and their deployments for manufacturing have been created, the framework is manufactured (1) Fig. 1, which in turn comprises the plurality of 10 horizontal and vertical metal profiles with the lattice punching in the form of “Louver” characteristics (2) of the thermo profile (14). The outer profiles fold together forming tongue and groove assembly elements for connection with other thermal contour panels. The frame elements are assembled by means of a rivet (15). Inside the frame (1), the hook-shaped movable fasteners (8) are installed, which allow the panel to be leveled in height (inside a vertical piano) after its hanging on the building slab. In the corners of the panel frame - if necessary there may be other positions according to the calculation - the reinforcement elements with threaded holes (6) are installed for the subsequent installation of the eye bolt type anchors for the movement of the panels and fixing between different units during transport to the construction site.
    Once the frame (1) is prepared with all its component elements, it is filled with thermo acoustic insulating material (3), which can be made of high density basaltic mineral rock wool, or liquid foamed sodium glass material.
    For the filling of the frame with foamed sodium glass, the structure of the frame 25 itself serves as a lost formwork. The liquid material has the structure of fine pores and, therefore, provides a low thermal conductivity of the element (panel), as well as, a part of the pores that are open, easily transmits water vapor and lowers levels of noise
    The absence of gaps or open spaces between the inside of the profiles of the frame 30 and thermo acoustic insulating material provides high efficiency of the thermo profiles (14) - components of the frame.
    On the outer face of the frame (1) the outstanding metal profiles are installed in height in accordance with the thickness of the thermosetting layer provided. Ace! same, the jambs of the windows, windows and the doors of balconies and / or terraces are formed. The 35 elements described above form, at the same time, the lost formwork for the
    pouring of thermos plating.
    After pouring the thermo-acoustic insulating material (3) and its setting and hardening, on its surface, of the outer face of the panel, thermosetting is applied with surface preparation and painting is done.
    5 Likewise, the painted thermosetting finish can be replaced by any finish known in the market or its imitations.
    After the completion of the entire process, the metal frame (1) of the panel is thermally and acoustically protected, as well as its functional properties and fire resistance are considerably increased.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
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    1. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures of the type comprising a metal framework formed by a plurality of vertical and horizontal profiles (14) and profiles (12) in the form of recesses and projections for tongue and groove joint between adjacent panels, which incorporates a filling with a thermoacoustic material (3) characterized in that all the metal profiles (14) that are part of the frame have lattices of the "Louver" type (2) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the same in a scanned order made by the deformation in the sheet metal by a punching procedure generating a unilateral window on the surface.
    [2]
    2. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 1 characterized in that the metal profiles (12) that form the edges of the panel and that incorporate incoming and outgoing also have the "Louver" type trellises (2) throughout length.
    [3]
    3. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 1 characterized in that it has a system for the elevation and manipulation of the panel comprising screwed holes (6) for lifting eye bolt in each panel edge in the upper parts and lower.
    [4]
    4. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 3, characterized in that the areas where the screwed holes (6) for lifting and handling are located are reinforced inside the frame with application of thicker metal plates that are located in the corner areas of said framework.
    [5]
    5. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 1 characterized in that the prefabricated panel incorporates the exterior finish (4), the custom carpentry (10) with its glazing, the water vents (16), the elements architectural and other elements and accessories required by the project.
    [6]
    6. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it integrates metal fastening and leveling elements type hook (8) located at the ends of the upper part of the panel adjustable in the vertical piano by the movement independently . Said fixing elements have a regulating element (17) in the form of a threaded bolt which, when turned, produces an ascent or descent of the hook by the principle of movement by rosea.
    [7]
    7. Prefabricated panel for the construction of enclosures, according to claim 6, characterized in that the same intermediate fixing elements in the form of a mobile hook can be added between the main hooks located at the ends of the upper part of the panel in case of need justified by the calculations
    5 8. Enclosure system characterized by being formed by the panels
    prefabricated described in the preceding claims and pieces (7) as plates that allow to achieve the alignment of the panels and the union thereof to the floor. The prefabricated panels have the integrated metal fastening and leveling elements hook type (8) located at the ends of the upper part thereof. The pieces (7) comprise a metal body in the form of a plate
    variable thickness that has a cross at its free end. They are installed in the perimeter of the slab, leaving the free end closest to the perimeter. The hooks of! panel fit and rest on the crossbar of the piece (7). The plates (7) have two or more longitudinal grooves that allow them to be anchored to the floor and 15 regulated horizontally.
    [9]
    9. Enclosure system comprising prefabricated panels described above according to claim 8 characterized by the tongue and groove joint (12) between adjacent panels so that the edge profiles of the panels have recesses and protrusions with lattice of the "Louver" type (2 ).
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    同族专利:
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    ES2628326B1|2018-05-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3760540A|1971-09-08|1973-09-25|P Latoria|Pre-cast concrete building panels|
    US5424118A|1994-01-25|1995-06-13|Mid-South Industries, Inc.|Interlocking insulative panel construction|
    US20060075703A1|2004-10-09|2006-04-13|Simmons Robert J|Defined relative-motion tongue-and-groove building-surfacing-panel interface|
    RU120118U1|2012-03-28|2012-09-10|Закрытое акционерное общество "Полиметалл-М"|MULTILAYER BUILDING PANEL|
    WO2013151466A2|2012-04-02|2013-10-10|МОЧАЛОВ, Александр Вадимович|Wall enclosure, hinged panel for installation of said wall enclosure , unit for hinge-mounting said hinged panel and unit for hermetically sealing the joints between such panels|
    法律状态:
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    ES201600087A|ES2628326B1|2016-01-27|2016-01-27|A method of construction of the external enclosures of buildings and prefabricated panel for their execution|ES201600087A| ES2628326B1|2016-01-27|2016-01-27|A method of construction of the external enclosures of buildings and prefabricated panel for their execution|
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