• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board of lng ships, which allows obtaining hydrogen from the excess of bog generated on board through a reforming process, increasing the overall performance of the installation. To increase the efficiency of the module for obtaining hydrogen, the waste heat generated in the vessel is also used. Hydrogen can be stored under pressure in separate tanks inside the vessel's own cargo tanks at cryogenic temperatures. Hydrogen can be used as fuel in the electric generation or propulsion system with the only emission of water vapor through the leaks, being able to navigate through eca zones or with emission limitations without any problem. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2628277A1
    申请号:ES201600088
    申请日:2016-02-02
    公开日:2017-08-02
    发明作者:Ignacio ARIAS FERNÁNDEZ；Manuel ROMERO GÓMEZ；Ramón FERREIRO GARCÍA；Javier ROMERO GÓMEZ
    申请人:Universidade da Coruna；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board LNG ships.
    Object of the invention
    The object of the present invention is the use of excess Boil Off Gas (BOG), generated on board ships carrying Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), transforming it into hydrogen through a reforming process, for use as fuel, increasing in this way the overall performance of the installation and reducing pollutant emissions.
    Technical field of the invention
    The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy and propulsion, using methane (CH4) to obtain hydrogen through a reforming process and its use as a clean fuel in LNG ships, both in the propulsion system with engines and turbines.
    Background of the invention
    The Natural Gas (GN) trade is constantly growing due to high demand internationally. This demand is mainly supplied by sea transport on LNG ships. In conventional systems, the cargo is transported in a liquefied state under cryogenic conditions at -163 ° C and at a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric.
    The LNG cargo is transported in cryogenic tanks isolated from the external environment, but inevitably heat transfer exists, generating vaporization of the cargo, known as BOG. The BOG on its way out of the cargo tanks is treated, separating methane from the other components of the GN. Once the methane is separated, the pressure is raised in a two-stage compressor called Low Duty (LD), which corresponds to the intake pressure of the propulsion system. After compression, the methane temperature is stabilized in a cooler (Glycol / Water).
    Below is a brief description of the use of the BOG according to the different operating situations of the vessel:
    a) In a situation of navigation, the most common, the BOG is used as fuel in the propulsion plant and the excess is burned in the Gas Combustion Unit (UCG) or in the boiler, without any energy use.
    b) When the ship is anchored, the generated BOG would be consumed in the power generation plant, taking into account that the load would be minimal and the excess of BOG would be higher, so that the GCU or boiler will burn it more.
    c) In cargo operations, the generated BOG is sent to the ground, to avoid overpressures in the tanks, due to the danger of burning BOG in the UCG. Also in the discharge operations, BOG is supplied from the ground to prevent the generation of vacuum in the tanks and maintain adequate pressure inside. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient BOG management method that allows an increase in the overall performance of the installation, since it is reduced by the burned BOG in the UCG or boiler without any energy use. To do this, excess BOG will be treated in a hydrogen generation system, preferably
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    by means of a reforming process while optionally you can use electrolysis, partial oxidation, Kvaerner or autothermal reforming, obtaining a fuel with a higher calorific value and with the possibility of being used as fuel with the only emission of water vapor.
    At present, the strict anti-pollution regulations regulated by the MARPOL agreement in Annex IV restrict the use of fuel with high sulfur content as well as polluting emissions.
    The generated hydrogen can be stored under pressure in independent tanks inside the ship's own cargo tanks, to achieve a cryogenic temperature thus allowing a greater amount of storage. In this way, hydrogen could be used at a port where anti-pollution measures are more stringent and even, replacing systems such as Cold-Ironing.
    A search for patents related to the use of BOG in LNG vessels for the generation of hydrogen and its storage on board is carried out. As a result of this search, only the patents mentioned below have been found. Stressing that none of them deals with the generation of hydrogen from the generated BOG.
    In the patent number US 20060174627 A1 an integration of a GN supply system as engine fuel and a BOG re-plant is presented.
    In the patent number US 20060174627 A1 an LNG processing plant is presented, where GnL regasification is carried out with the integration of a system for the generation of electric energy. In US 20060174627 A1 a storage container for cryogenic liquids with an external and internal container is presented and thus performs a better geometric adaptation.
    In the current state of the technology related to the generation of hydrogen from the BOG, by means of a reforming process along with its storage, no similar technological alternative of the characteristics of this invention is known.
    Brief Description of the Invention
    The invention consists of a hydrogen generation plant by reforming LNG ships from excess BOG, stored under pressure in independent tanks inside the ship's own cargo tanks, to achieve a cryogenic temperature thus allowing, a greater amount of storage.
    Description of the figures
    In this section, the components that constitute the hydrogen generation and storage system in LNG vessels from the BOG generated in cargo tanks are described in an illustrative and non-limiting manner, where reference is made to Figures 1 and
    2.
    Figure 1. Gas management system.
    Figure 2. Hydrogen storage system.
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    The components referenced in Figure 1 are identified as follows:
    1. LNG cargo tanks.
    2. BOG generator.
    3. BOG gas separator.
    4. Exchanger (BOG / hydrogen).
    5. Low-Duty Compressor (BOG).
    6. Methane / Water or glycol heat exchanger.
    7. Module for obtaining hydrogen by reforming.
    8. Electric propulsion and generation system.
    9. Gas combustion unit.
    10. Heat exchanger for recovery of residual heats of the ship in the refurbishment module.
    11. Heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen with water or glycol.
    12. Hydrogen compressor.
    13. Heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen with water or glycol.
    14. Hydrogen tanks.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The hydrogen generation plant by reforming LNG ships from the BOG and stored under pressure in independent tanks inside the ship's own cargo tanks, is constituted by the elements shown in Figures 1 and 2.
    The BOG generated on LNG ships can be triggered by two different means.
    By transferring heat through the walls of the cargo tanks (1) to the transported LNG, or by a BOG generator consisting of a heat exchanger with water vapor (2).
    BOG is treated in a gas separator (3), where only methane is used in the mixture of gases that make up the GN. The methane at the outlet of the separator (3), which is at a cryogenic temperature, is sent to a heat exchanger (4) where the generated hydrogen is cooled to reduce its storage temperature.
    After heat exchange with hydrogen, methane is compressed from the pressure of the tanks to the working pressure of the system in a Low-Duty compressor (5).
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    The temperature of methane is then stabilized in a glycol or water exchanger (6), thus guaranteeing the appropriate conditions for the system of hydrogen generation (7), propulsion and electric generation (8) and UCG (9).
    Once methane has been treated, it will be fed to the following systems:
    - Module for obtaining hydrogen by reforming (7).
    - Electric propulsion and generation system (8).
    - UCG (9).
    The BOG produced in cargo tanks (1) is mainly used in the electric propulsion and generation system (8). But when the BOG generation is higher than the one consumed by the propulsion and electric power generation system (8), this excess of bOg is sent to the hydrogen obtaining module preferably by means of a reforming process while optionally electrolysis can be used, partial oxidation, Kvaerner or autothermal reforming (7). To increase the efficiency of the module for obtaining hydrogen (7), the residual heat existing in the vessel is used to heat the water or even the generation of steam necessary for the reforming process. The sources of residual heat on board can be exhaust gases, jacket cooling water and auxiliary systems or any other source that allows it. This residual heat will be used in one or more heat exchangers (10) in the reforming module (7).
    The UCG (9) is used exclusively for emergency situations in which the excess of BOG generated on board could not be managed in any of the processes explained above.
    Once the hydrogen is generated and at the exit of the reforming module (7). it is cooled in a heat exchanger with glycol or water (11), before being compressed in the hydrogen compressor (12) until storage pressure. At the exit of the hydrogen compressor (12), the hydrogen is again cooled in the heat exchanger (13) and then sent to the heat exchanger with the BOG (4) to reach the temperature as close as possible to that of the cargo tanks (1). Finally, it is stored under pressure in independent tanks (14) inside the ship's own cargo tanks (1), to achieve a cryogenic temperature, thus allowing a greater amount of storage.
    Hydrogen produced from methane and stored on board has the utility of being able to be used as an independent fuel or by mixing with GN.
    Description of preferred embodiments of the invention
    Consistent with the description of the invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention "Hydrogen Generation Plant for On-Board Installation of LNG Ships" is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
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    1. Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board LNG ships, characterized by comprising:
    1. LNG cargo tanks.
    [2]
    2. BOG generator.
    [3]
    3. BOG gas separator.
    [4]
    4. Exchanger (BOG / hydrogen).
    [5]
    5. Low-Duty Compressor (BOG).
    [6]
    6. Methane / Water or glycol heat exchanger.
    [7]
    7. Module for obtaining hydrogen by reforming.
    [8]
    8. Electric propulsion and generation system.
    [9]
    9. Gas combustion unit.
    [10]
    10. Heat exchanger for recovery of residual heats of the ship in the refurbishment module.
    [11]
    11. Heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen with water or glycol.
    [12]
    12. Hydrogen compressor.
    [13]
    13. Heat exchanger to cool the hydrogen with water or glycol.
    [14]
    14. Hydrogen tanks.
    [2]
    2. Hydrogen generation plant for on-board installation of LNG vessels, according to revindication 1a, characterized by the use of the BOG generated on board for the obtaining of hydrogen.
    [3]
    3. Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board LNG ships, according to revindication 2a, characterized by the preferably use of a reforming process while optionally using electrolysis, partial oxidation, Kvaerner or autothermal reforming to obtain hydrogen.
    [4]
    4. Hydrogen generation plant for on-board installation of LNG vessels, according to claim 3a, characterized by the use of waste heat generated on board to increase the efficiency of the hydrogen generation process.
    [5]
    5. Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board LNG ships, according to revindication 4a, characterized by the storage of hydrogen under pressure in independent tanks inside the ship's own cargo tanks at cryogenic temperature.
    [6]
    6. Hydrogen generation plant for installation on board LNG ships, according to revindication 5a, characterized by the possibility of consuming the hydrogen generated as fuel.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2628277B2|2017-12-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0069717A1|1981-07-08|1983-01-12|Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S|Method for utilizing boil-off gas from cryogenic liquids as fuel in a dual gas/oil-burning diesel engine, and a system for utilizing the method|
    JPH02109792A|1988-10-20|1990-04-23|Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd|Liquefied gas transport ship|
    US20090215328A1|2006-10-13|2009-08-27|Rolls-Royce Plc|Mixed propulsion system|
    EP2444314A1|2010-05-07|2012-04-25|Daewoo Shipbuilding&Marine Engineering Co., Ltd.|Electricity generating device of lng carrier and method thereof|
    法律状态:
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