• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device generating electrical energy from wave energy comprising a floating body (1) with an interior space (1a) that houses an inertial mass (7, 7a, 7b, 7 ', 7 ", 10) connected to a system of power extraction and an anchoring device (15), in which the outer face (5) the stern (2) of the floating body has a convex contour in the form of a surface of a first transverse rectangular cylinder segment extending between opposite sides of the stern (2), while the outer face (6) of its bow (3) has a convex contour in the form of a second transverse rectangular cylinder segment extending between opposite sides of the bow (3). ), the outer face (5) of the stern (2) extending along a first arc (α) of at least 180º and the outer face (6) of the bow (3) along a second arc (β) of at most 90º. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2549369A1
    申请号:ES201430438
    申请日:2014-03-27
    公开日:2015-10-27
    发明作者:Alejandro GONZÁLEZ ANDREU；Alberto PIZA SEÑAS；Enrique MUÑOZ ARJONA；Francisco Javier MARÍN RODRÍGUEZ；Remy PASCAL；Ángel MARTÍN-BEJARANO SÁNCHEZ；Cristina RODRÍGUEZ BORDALLO；Alejandro TORRES MOLINA；Antonio Campos Marín；Antonio Luis RUIZ MONTERO；Francisco MONTERO CHACÓN；César；VIDAL PASCUAL；Raúl；GUANCHE GARCÍA
    申请人:Abengoa Seapower SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:


    Electric power generating device from wave energy.

    Field of the invention 5

    The present invention falls within the field of marine electricity generating devices and, particularly, in the field of electric power generating devices from wave energy.

    Background of the invention 10

    Electric power generating devices from wave energy use the energy inherent in waves in seas and oceans to generate electricity. Contrary to tidal devices do not take advantage of the energy difference between low tide and high tide, but the continuous movement of sea waves. fifteen

    Modern research on the means of conversion of gravitational waves due to wind began in 1974 with a publication by Salter (Salter, SH (1974). Wave power. Nature, 249 (3), 720–724. Doi: 10.1049 / esej: 20000303). In this article, a device called DUCK is presented. This is a device that converts wave energy into rotary pitching movement. The energy is extracted from the 20-pitch movement. Since this first publication, a large number of wave energy conversion devices were conceived. Among the most relevant devices are the so-called PELAMIS described in "Yemm, R., Pizer, D., Retzler, C., & Henderson, R. (2012). Pelamis: experience from concept to connection. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 370 (1959), 365–380. Doi: 10.1098 / rsta. 2011.0312 ", the device called OYSTER described in" Whittaker, TJ, Collier, 25 D., Folley, M., Osterried, M., Henry, A., & Crowley, M. (2007). The development of Oyster – A shallow water surging wave energy converter; Proceedings of the 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference. Porto, Portugal ", and OWC type plants described in "Heath, TV (2012). A review of oscillating water columns. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 370 (1959), 235–45. doi: 10.1098 / rsta.2011.0164 There are many other systems with different levels of development, different classifications can be found and t Technology types in the publication Falcão, A. F. D. O. (2010). Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14 (3), 899–918. doi: 10.1016 / j.rser.2009.11.003 ".

    Among the electric power generating devices from wave energy there are inertial devices such as those described in patent documents US8269365B2 (Clement et al.), US2013 / 033039A1 (Gordillo) and US2010 / 011539A1 (Paakinen), such such as the WELLO PENGUIN device of the Finnish firm WELLO OY and the SEAREV device, both inertial devices with solid internal masses, or devices with reference mass constituted of water such as devices such as the so-called UGEN described in "Fonseca, N. , & Pessoa, J. (2013). Numerical modeling of a wave energy converter based on 40 U-shaped interior oscillating water column. Applied Ocean Research, 40, 60–73. Doi: 10.1016 / j.apor. 2013.01.002 " , in document PT105368B, and in the desalination version of the device called DUCK described in "Salter, SH, Cruz, J., Lucas, J., & Pascal, R. (2007). Wave powered desalination; Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Sustainable Energy Resources in Arid Regions. Abu Dhabi. "
    Conventionally, wave devices extract energy from the waves by damping the movement of the device excited by the waves. For this, a kinetic reference is needed in order to obtain a relative movement between this body and a second body.

    Inertial devices usually refer to a category of wave device that uses the energy generated by the damping of the relative movement between the main body of the device and an internal mass associated with the device that acts as an inertial reference. This mass can be a solid or a liquid, and energy can be used to generate electricity or other products to be exported (desalinated water in the case of the DUCK device).
    Document PT105368B concerning the aforementioned UGEN device describes a device provided with a chamber with a water column for producing energy, and mention is made of a specific geometry of the floating body, this being described as asymmetric. Thanks to this geometry, the floating device allows coupling with drift and pitch movements.
    Document US20130033039A1 describes a device that uses the mechanical movement of a pendulum for energy production. This document mentions the three possibilities of energy extraction, mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic, although it does not mention the possibility of a device with the combination of all methods.
    In most current devices, the power extraction system (PTO - Power Take Off system) and
    The auxiliary equipment is in contact with the marine environment. This increases the chances of corrosion, thereby increasing the cost of operation and maintenance (O&M) of the device.

    On the other hand, the state of the art has floating bodies whose external geometry is improved in terms of extracting the power inherent in wave energy. 5

    Description of the invention

    The present invention aims to improve the qualities of wave devices of the state of the art by means of an electric power generating device from wave energy comprising 10
    a floating body with a stern, a bow, a bottom bottom that extends between the stern and bow, a width, an interior space and an upper base that extends between the stern and bow and a defined length between a foreground transverse that, seen in profile, passes through a rear end point at an intermediate height of the stern, as well as a second transverse plane that passes through a front end point in an upper part of the bow; fifteen
    a selected inertial mass between solid inertial masses and liquid inertial masses, and combinations of such masses, housed in the interior space of the floating body so that it is capable of maintaining an inertial position inside the floating body when performing oscillating movements in response to sea waves;
    a power extraction system connected to an electricity generating system mounted on the floating body, capable of generating electrical energy from relative movements between the inertial mass and the float device;
    at least one anchoring device connectable to a anchoring system that allows the floating body to keep its bow facing the waves and prevents translation of the floating body beyond a distance of a predetermined anchoring position; 25

    in which

    The stern comprises an external face having a surface-shaped convex contour of a first segment of rectangular transverse cylinder extending between opposite sides of the stern; 30
    the external face of the stern comprises a lower convex section and an upper convex section which, seen in lateral profile, are joined at the rear end point at the intermediate height of the stern and extend from there each in the direction of the bow;
    the bow comprises an external face having a surface-shaped convex contour of a second segment of rectangular transverse cylinder extending between opposite sides of the bow; 35
    the outer face of the bow extends between the front part of the lower section and, seen in lateral profile, the front end point at the top of the bow;
    the external face of the stern and the external face of the bow extend between a lower plane and a coplanar upper plane with the upper base of the floating body;
    the outer face of the stern extends along a first arc of at least 180O and the outer face 40 of the bow extends along a second arc of at most 90O.

    The inertial mass located in the interior space of the floating body can represent between 20% and 40% by weight of the volume of seawater displaced by the generating device.
    These characteristics allow the movement of the floating body in any degree of freedom. Particularly, the geometry of the floating body maximizes pitching movements, while ensuring longitudinal stability and minimizing the generation of waves caused by the floating body, so that the dissipation of energy inherent in the waves is reduced and energy is maximized of the waves transmitted to the inertial mass.
    The shape of the stern minimizes the resistance to longitudinal oscillation of the floating body, minimizing the generation of waves radiated by the ship. The closed shape of the floating body allows the essential components to be accommodated in their interior space, which allows to reduce the corrosion effect caused by the marine environment.
    The anchoring system is designed to allow an anchoring of the floating body to the bottom of the sea. The anchoring system is adapted so that the floating body maintains its position while limiting as little as possible its ability to convert wave energy into movement of altered, balancing and pitching, that is, the floating body is anchored at the bottom of the sea , but with freedom of movement. With the anchor, what is to avoid is excessive movement or displacement of the device in the plane (translations greater than 3 60 meters).

    The inertial mass acts as a reference so that, when the floating body moves in pitch, a relative movement is generated between the reference mass and the floating body. Energy is extracted from this relative movement and converted into electricity. 65

    According to an embodiment of the anchoring system, this comprises three flexible linear elements, such as chains or ends, whose upper ends are connected to a common anchoring device located at the point of rotation of the floating body, and whose lower ends are subject to each other. anchoring blocks, such as concrete blocks, arranged at the bottom of the sea in radial positions spaced apart from 120O. 5

    In one embodiment of the invention, the stern of the floating device has a maximum longitudinal extension between said first transverse plane and a third transverse plane that passes through a first intermediate point that delimits the bottom bottom in front of the stern of the floating body and a second intermediate point that delimits the back of the upper base in front of the stern. The upper base of the floating body extends 10 between the third transverse plane and the second transverse plane. The bow has a maximum longitudinal extension between the second transverse plane and a fourth transverse plane that passes through a third intermediate point that delimits the bottom bottom in front of the bow and a fourth intermediate point that delimits the upper base in front of the bow. On the other hand and according to this embodiment, the bottom bottom has a defined length between the third and the fourth transverse plane. fifteen

    The longitudinal extension of the bow can be between 80% and 150% greater, preferably between 90% and 120% greater, and more preferably 100% greater, than the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern, while the length The bottom bottom can be between 80% and 30% lower, preferably between 60% and 40% less, and more preferably 50% smaller, than the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern. twenty

    The lower convex section of the stern's outer face may have a height greater than the upper convex section or, alternatively, a height smaller than the upper convex section. This allows the convex sections of the outer face of the stern to be asymmetrical with respect to each other in their shapes.
    Preferably, the lower convex section of the external side of the stern has a height equal to the upper convex section, which leads to a symmetrical shape of the convex sections of the external face of the stern.

    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer face of the stern has a semicircular longitudinal section with a first radius corresponding to the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern and the outer face 30 of the bow has a longitudinal section of a quarter segment of circle defined by a second radius corresponding to the maximum longitudinal extension of the bow. In turn, according to this embodiment, the first radius is less long than the second radius, while the length of the bottom bottom is less than the first radius. This dimensional relationship between the radii and the bottom, which determines the external geometry of the floating body, can be represented by the following equations:


    R2 = n * R1

    d = R1 / n 40

    L = R2 + d + R1 for 1≤n≤2

    L = R1 + d + R2 * sin (bed (1-2 / n)) for 4> n> 2


    where R1 is the first radius, R2 is the second radius, d is the length of the bottom bottom, L is the length and n is a real number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 4.
    These equations allow to calculate the external geometry of the floating body from any value of n and based on a preset value of its length, its first radius, its second radius or the length of its bottom.

    This embodiment is particularly advantageous since it maximizes the boat's pitching movements, guaranteeing longitudinal stability and minimizing the generation of waves. This phenomenon allows dissipating energy not transmitted to the pendulum or column of water. The shape of the boat is such that it allows to absorb the greatest amount of energy transmitted by the waves due to its circular shape in the bow, and the circular shape of the stern minimizes the resistance to the boat's oscillation, minimizing the generation of irradiated waves by the ship The closed shape will ensure that the components remain inside the vessel or vessel, reducing the corrosion effect. 60

    Preferably, the first radius is 50% less long than the second radius. Also preferably,
    the length of the bottom bottom is shorter, preferably 50% shorter, than the first radius. These values would correspond to n = 2 in the equations indicated above.

    In a particular embodiment of the invention, the solid inertial mass comprises at least one main pendulum connected to a transverse axis disposed in the interior space of the floating body. This transverse axis is in turn connected to the power extraction system.

    According to an alternative of this particular embodiment, the inertial mass may comprise two main pendulums 5 of equal masses, or a main pendulum and at least one additional pendulum of greater or lesser mass than the main pendulum.

    According to another alternative of this particular embodiment, the main pendulum can be arranged between at least one pair of additional pendulums, which guarantees the transverse stability of the device, arranged in the interior space of the floating body, each of the additional pendulums connected to an individual transverse axis connected in turn to the power extraction system. Each pendulum of each pair of additional pendulums can have a mass less or greater than the main pendulum that will be established according to the resonance period that is to be achieved, that is, for small masses resonances will be achieved at large frequencies and for large masses will be achieved a resonance at smaller frequencies. When several pairs of additional pendulums are provided, each additional pendulum of a pair may be arranged next to one of the additional pendulums closest to the main pendulum.

    Each pendulum can be connected to an individual axis, or some or all pendulums can share a common axis. In another embodiment some pendulums may be connected in group to a common axis and others in another group to another common axis or to individual individual axes.

    Each axis can be individually connected to its own electricity generator, or some or all axes can be connected to one or more shared electricity generators.
    According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the inertial mass comprises a single main pendulum free to move in any degree of freedom and connected to the power extraction system, by means of a converter mechanism, so that the single main pendulum transmits the movements of the floating body caused by waves to the converter mechanism.
    According to the invention, the inertial mass can also comprise at least one complementary pendulum connected to a longitudinal axis arranged in the interior space of the floating body.

    The power extraction system may be electro-mechanical, such as an electro-mechanical system with an axis of rotation of the electricity generator perpendicular to the axis of oscillation of the pendulum in which case the axis of oscillation 35 is physically connected to the generating device, or a hydraulic system, such as a hydraulic system in which the axis of rotation of the electricity generator is jointly and severally connected to a hydraulic pump, preferably of oil, connected on the one hand to the axis of oscillation of the pendulum and, on the other, to a hydraulic engine.
    The oscillating movement of the floating body due to the waves causes the pendulum to move, whose axis activates the electro-mechanical generator or the hydraulic pump. In the first case, electric power is produced directly, while in the second case the hydraulic fluid would be pumped to a hydraulic motor of the electricity generator. In both cases the generated electrical energy is poured into the network through a cable that connects the device to the mainland power grid. Four. Five

    In order for the relative speed between the pendulum and the vessel to be as high as possible, it is desirable that the center of gravity of the pendulum be as far as possible from the center of gravity of the ship. Because the center of gravity of the pendulum is a constant variable over time, the only variable that can be modified is the center of gravity of the ship. This can be achieved by a change of ballast through 50 pumps specially included in the generating device for this purpose. This ballast can comprise ballast water chambers.

    In another particular embodiment of the invention, the liquid inertial mass comprises a mass of liquid confined in at least one tank module with an annular closed circuit comprising a lower passage and an upper passage 55 as well as a rear passage and a forward passage a through which the underpass and the overpass communicate.

    The mass of the liquid forms a column leaving the underpass completely full and the front and back passage partially filled. Similarly, the overpass will be filled with gas along with the parts of the front and rear passages that do not contain liquid.

    According to this embodiment, the annular circuit extends longitudinally in the interior space of the floating body between the stern and the bow, which allows the mass of liquid to move in the annular closed circuit towards the stern or towards the bow of the floating body , depending on the oscillating movements made by the floating body in response to sea waves. The power extraction system may comprise at least
    a turbine selected from pneumatic turbines arranged in pneumatic connection with an overpass of the annular closed circuit that is filled with gas, hydraulic turbines arranged in hydraulic connection with an underpass of the annular closed circuit, and combinations of such turbines.

    In the case of both types of turbines the electricity generator can be located inside or outside the closed circuit 5. In the case of the pneumatic turbine, an arrangement can be used in which two or more annular closed circuits share the turbine. This can be done by connecting the overpasses of said circuits through a conduit and introducing the turbine into that conduit.

    Also, when, according to this other particular embodiment, a plurality of tank modules is provided, at least one of them may contain a mass of water greater than the mass of water contained in other tank modules, such that the volume of the mass of water contained in each tank module is adapted to a particular type of waves whose waves cause the oscillating movements of the floating body.

    In the case of pneumatic turbines, it is convenient that the liquid does not come into contact with the pneumatic turbine 15, so that to avoid this problem a membrane or plate could be coupled between the liquid and the gas.

    The pneumatic connection may comprise a pneumatic connection system selected between individual pneumatic connection systems that connect a tank module with a single individual turbine, 20 common pneumatic connection systems that connect several tank modules with a shared pneumatic turbine, and combinations of such pneumatic connection systems. In turn, the hydraulic connection may comprise a hydraulic connection system selected from individual hydraulic connection systems that connect a tank module with a single individual hydraulic turbine, shared hydraulic connection systems that connect several tank modules with a shared hydraulic turbine , and combinations of such hydraulic connection systems.

    The physical location of the liquid mass distribution will be that in which the resonance period of the water column coincides with the maximum resonance frequency of the location where the device is installed. This means that in each engineering phase of the generating device, a tight design must be carried out taking into account the location. When the floating body moves, the liquid is forced to move in the opposite direction, creating a current within the annular closed circuit, and displacing the air that closes the circuit.

    The height at which the liquid column has to reach in the annular closed circuit depends on the draft of the floating body, that is, the part of the floating body submerged in the seawater. The draft influences the total weight of the generating device and the location of its center of gravity. The draft depends on the height of the wave. For small waves, less than 4 m, the draft must be greater than the operating draft (10 m in a preferred embodiment), being lower for the opposite case (wave heights greater than 4 m).
    The shape of the floating body and the distribution of the weights of the generating device are designed to maximize pitching movement over a wider range of incident wave periods. Additionally, the ability to extract energy from the device to convert incident wave energy can be controlled in multiple ways.
    Thus, by means of the ballast system described above, the distribution of weights in the floating body can be altered to adapt to the typical period of the sea state. For this, at least one chamber with ballast water is added to modify the center of gravity of the floating body.

    Also, the inertia of the inertial mass can be regulated to vary its resonance periods. fifty

    In the case of a solid inertial mass, this can be achieved, for example, by varying the radius of inertia of the pendulum of its connecting element to its oscillation axis. In this way this length can vary, for example, depending on the type of sea. In seas with a low peak period (Tp <7 sg), such as the Mediterranean Sea, the interaction between the floating body and the pendulum can be maximized, increasing the length of the radius of the pendulum, while in seas with a period High peak (Tp> 11 sg), such as the Pacific Ocean, the length of the pendulum can be reduced to maximize that interaction between the floating body and the pendulum.

    In the case of a liquid inertial mass in a generating device in which pneumatic turbines are used, 60 the gas pressure inside the annular closed circuit can be regulated, to adapt the characteristics of the turbines to the hydrodynamic needs of the generating device , for which valves can be arranged to regulate the gas pressure in the circuit. Normally the gas pressure in the circuit is the atmospheric pressure, but it could be given some pressure to extract more energy (the higher the pressure, the more energy can be obtained from the turbine). This pressure increase has to reach a balance with the size of the device.

    As can be deduced from the above, the generating device according to the present invention is very versatile in terms of the use of wave energy for the generation of electrical energy. Thus, on the one hand, this allows, based on the external geometry of its floating body, to capture energy, by choosing the arrangement of its inertial mass in parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the waves, 5 the device being able to absorb the most degrees of freedom, such as forward movement in the direction of the waves corresponding to the X axis in the coordinate system, altered corresponding to the Z axis in the coordinate system, pitch corresponding to rotations with respect to the X axis, and balancing corresponding to rotations with respect to the Y axis, perpendicular to the direction of the waves.
    Brief description of the figures

    To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to an example of practical implementation thereof, a set of figures in which with character is accompanied as an integral part of the description Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

    Figure 1 is a schematic profile view showing the external geometry of a first embodiment of the floating body of a device according to the invention.
    Figure 2 is a schematic rear perspective view of the floating body shown in Figure 1, inside which a first embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged.

    Figure 3 is a schematic rear perspective view of the floating body shown in Figure 1, in which a second embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged. 25

    Figure 4 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the floating body illustrated in Figure 2.

    Figure 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the floating body illustrated in Figure 1, in which a third embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged. 30

    Figure 6 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the floating body illustrated in Figure 1, in which a fourth embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged.

    Figure 7 is a schematic sectional view along the line I-I that can be seen in Figure 6. 35

    Figure 8 is a schematic sectional view along line II-II that can be seen in Figure 6.

    Figures 9A-9C show a sequence of movements of the floating body shown in Figure 1 floating in waves of the sea. 40

    Figure 10 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the floating body illustrated in Figure 1, in which a fifth embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged.

    Figure 11 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the floating body illustrated in Figure 1, in which a sixth embodiment of an inertial mass is arranged inside.

    Figure 12 is a side plan view of an embodiment of the mooring system for the floating body illustrated in Figure 1.
    These figures include reference signs that identify the following elements:

    1 floating body
    1st interior space
    1b upper base 55
    2 stern
    3 bow
    4 bottom bottom
    5 stern outer face
    5th lower convex section 60
    5b upper convex section
    6 external face of the bow
    6th lower convex section
    6b upper convex section
    7 main pendulum 65
    7th additional pendulum
    7b additional pendulum
    7 'complementary pendulum
    7 '' single main pendulum
    8, 8 ', 8' 'wand
    9 transverse axis 5
    9 'longitudinal axis
    9 '' converter device
    10 body of water
    10th level of water body
    11 tank module 10
    11th underpass
    11b overpass
    11c rear step
    11d front step
    12 pneumatic turbine 15
    13 hydraulic turbine
    14 elastic linear element
    15 anchoring device
    16 anchoring block
    17 power cord 20

    Floating body width
    d bottom bottom length
    F seabed
    L length of floating body 25
    Or wave
    O1 wave crest
    O2 valley between waves
    Lower flat PI
    PED front end point 30
    PET rear end point
    PI1 first intermediate point
    PI2 second intermediate point
    PI3 third intermediate point
    PI4 fourth intermediate point 35
    PS flat top
    PT1 transverse foreground
    PT2 transversal background
    PT3 third transverse plane
    PT4 transverse fourth plane 40
    R1 first radio
    R2 second radius
    S sea surface
    α first arc
    β second arc 45

    Description of embodiments of the invention

    The floating body -1- shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises an interior space -1a-, an upper base -1b, -a stern -2-, a bow -3-, and a lower bottom -4- that extends between the stern -2- and the bow -3-. fifty

    The floating body has a length -L- defined between a first transverse plane –PT1- vertical that passes through a rear end point –PET- at an intermediate height of the stern -2-, as well as a second transverse plane –PT2- vertical passing through a forward end point - PED - at the top of the bow -3-. The floating body -1- has a width –A- uniform along its length –L-. 55

    The stern -2- is defined longitudinally between the first transverse plane –PT1- and a third transverse plane –PT3- vertical that passes through a first intermediate point –PI1- that delimits the rear part of the bottom bottom -4- of the stern - 2- and by a second intermediate point –PI2- that delimits the rear part of the upper base -1b- in front of the stern -2-. The upper base -1b- of the floating body -1- extends between this third transverse plane –PT3- and 60 the mentioned second transverse plane –PT2-.

    In turn, the bow -3- is defined longitudinally between the second transverse plane –PT2- and a fourth transverse plane –PT4- vertical that passes through a third intermediate point –PI3- that separates the front part of the bottom bottom -4- from the bow -3- and by a fourth intermediate point -PI4- that separates the upper base -1b- from the floating body 65- from the bow -3-.

    Bottom bottom -4- has a length –d- defined between the third –PT3- and the fourth transverse plane –PT4-.

    The stern -2- comprises an outer face -5- which has a convex contour in the form of a surface of a first segment of rectangular transverse cylinder that extends between opposite sides of the stern -2-, and which has a lower convex section -5a- and an upper convex section -5b-. On the other hand, the bow -3- comprises an outer face -6- which has a convex contour in the form of a surface of a second segment of rectangular rectangular cylinder that extends between opposite sides of the stern -2-, and which also has a lower convex section -6a- and an upper convex section -6b-.
    As can be seen, the lower convex sections -5a, 6a-and the upper convex sections -5b, 6b- extend between a lower plane -PI- coplanar with the bottom -4- of the floating body -1- and an upper plane –PS- coplanar with the upper base -1b- of the floating body -1-.

    The lower convex section -5a- of the outer face -5- of the stern -2- extends from the first transverse plane 15 -PT1- downwards in the direction of the third transverse plane -PT3- until joining the bottom -4- of the floating body -1-, while the upper convex section -5b- of the outer face –5- of the stern -2- extends from the first transverse plane –PT1- upwards towards the third transverse plane –PT3- up to join the upper base -1b- of the floating body -1-. Thus, the first circular cylinder segment corresponding to the outer face -5- of the stern -2- has a semicircular section with a first radius -R1-, and extends in correspondence with a first arc of a first angle –Α- of 180O.

    Thus, the lower convex section -6a- of the outer face -6- of the bow -3- extends-, starting from the bottom bottom -4-, from the fourth vertical plane –PT4-upwards towards the upper base -1b- of the floating body -1- moving away from the bottom bottom -4-, while the upper convex section -6b- of the outer face -6- of the bow -3- 25 extends from the lower convex section -6a- until reaching the second transverse plane –PT2- at the height of the upper plane –PS- of the floating body -1-. In this way, the second arc is defined between the upper plane –PS- and the fourth transverse plane –PT4-. With this, the second circular cylinder segment corresponding to the outer face -6- of the bow -3- has a quarter circle section with a second radius R2, and extends in correspondence with a second arc with a second angle - β- of 90O. 30

    The angles –α, β - of the respective convex contours of the outer face -5- of the stern -2- and of the bow -3- total a total of 270O.

    The external geometry of the embodiment of the floating body -1- illustrated in Figure 1 is defined by the first radius -R1-, the second radius -R2-, the length -d- of the bottom bottom -4- and the length - L- related according to the equations already indicated above:

    R2 = n * R1
    d = R1 / n

    L = R2 + d + R1 for 1 <n <2

    L = R1 + d + R2 * (without (bed (1-2 / n)) for 4> n> 2 45

    where n is a real number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 4.

    The width –A- of the floating body -1- is determined based on the energy that you want to absorb. If the wave front is larger, a wider width is convenient for greater energy extraction. The width –A- will also give 50 stability to the floating body -1-.

    The total length L of the floating body -1- can be, for a preferred case of the invention, between 20m and 40m, while the width -A- admissible could be at least 15m for a length of 40m.
    Preferably, n = 2. To calculate the dimensions of the radii R1 and R2 and of the length -d- of the lower section -4- according to the embodiment of Figure 1 in which n = 2, for a floating body with a length -L- is, by For example, of 28 m, applying the equations indicated above, the following results:

    28m = 2 * R1 + R1 / 2 + R1 → 3.5R1 = 28m → R1 = 28 / 3.5m → R1 = 8m 60

    d = 8m / 2 → d = 4m

    R2 = 2 * 8m → R2 = 16m
    As you can see, the equations allow to calculate the external geometry of the floating body -1- from
    of any value of n and based on a preset value of its length –L-, its first radius –R1-, its second radius –R2- or its length –d- its bottom -4-.

    Figures 2 and 4 show an embodiment of the generating device, in which the inertial mass is formed by a set of pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- arranged in the interior space -1a- of the floating body -1-. These figures 5 show (like Figures 5-8 and 10-12) the floating body -1- floating in a state of rest on the surface -S- of the seawater.

    The set of pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- comprises a main pendulum -7- of greater mass, a first pair of additional pendulums -7a- of medium mass and arranged on both sides of the central pendulum -7-, as well as a 10 second pair of additional pendulums -7b- of reduced mass and arranged on respective sides of the first pair of the second additional pendulums -7a-. The pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- are connected through individual rods -8- to respective individual transverse axes -9- mounted on the floating body -1-. Each transverse axis -9- is connected, in a conventional manner, to an energy extraction system ("Power Take Off" = "PTO" - not shown in the figures) to convert kinetic energy generated by relative displacements between the pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- and the floating body -1- that cause the reciprocating movement of the transverse axis -9-, in propulsive energy to propel an electricity generator (not shown in the figures), also in a way yes conventional. All these elements are within the interior space -1b- of the floating body -1-. There is a possibility that the pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- are connected to the same transverse energy extraction line or to the same turbine in the case of cameras. twenty

    The pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- are arranged in such a way that the center of gravity of the device is at the point that allows the relative velocity between the pendulum -7, 7a, 7b- and the floating body -1- to be as much as possible For this, it is necessary that the center of gravity of the mass of each pendulum -7, 7a, 7b- be as far away from the center of gravity of the floating device -1-. Because the center of gravity of the pendulums -25 7, 7a, 7b- is a constant variable over time, the only possible variable that can be modified is the center of gravity of the floating body -1-. It is possible to modify the center of gravity of the floating body -1- in a conventional way, by means of a change of liquid ballast, for example water, through hydraulic pumps (not shown in the figures) mounted on the floating body -1- For this purpose. This ballast can comprise water chambers (not shown in the figures). 30

    The pitching of the floating body -1- due to the incident waves causes relative movements between the pendulum -7, 7a, 7b-, and its transverse axis -9-. These relative movements are used to drive, for example, an electro-mechanical generator that produces electric power directly, or a hydraulic pump that pumps oil to propel an electro-mechanical generator, or a multiplier device connected to an electricity generator 35 (not shown in the figures).

    The different sizes of the pendulums -7, 7a, 7b-allow that of each size (larger, medium, reduced) to adapt to the different wave states responding to the different resonance frequencies of the same. As a rule, the adaptation to the incident wave train in the floating body of the generating device occurs depending on the number of pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- and the size of each of them, in order to allow a maximum of power of the pendulum assembly -7, 7a, 7b-.

    Figures 3 to 8 show an embodiment of the generating device, in which the inertial mass is formed by a mass of liquid -10-, such as seawater, fresh water or other type of liquid, confined in three modules of tank 45 -11- independent. Each tank module -11- comprises an annular closed circuit with an underpass -11a-, an overpass -11b- which are connected to each other by a rear passage -11c- and a forward passage -11d-. The liquid mass -10- is contained in the lower passage -11a- and up to a liquid level -10a- in the rear-11c- and front -11d- lateral steps, due to the effect of the communicating vessels. Above the liquid level -10a-, the side passages -11c- and the overpass -11b- are filled with a gas, such as air. 50 The transition bends between the respective steps -11a, 11b, 11c, 11d- are preferably rounded to reduce flow losses, although they can be bevel bevels.

    In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, a pneumatic turbine -12- connected to an electricity generator, is interspersed in an intermediate part of the overpass -11b- in a plane normal to the main direction 55 of the swell. The pneumatic turbine -12- limits the movement of the gas displaced by the liquid -10- caused by the swell incident on the floating body -1-.

    According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, when, in response to an incident wave, the bow -3- of the float body -1- rises from its stern -2-, the liquid level -10a- will progressively occupy a proportion 60 greater than the rear passage -11c- and a smaller proportion of the front passage -11d-, so that the gas contained between the liquid level -10a- in the rear passage -11c- and the pneumatic turbine -12- is compressed to then flow under pressure through the pneumatic turbine -12-, propelling it, towards the forward passage -11d-. On the other hand, when, after the wave has passed and the bow -3- descends into a valley between waves and descends from the stern -2- of the floating body -1-, the mass of liquid -10- will progressively occupy a greater proportion 65 of the front passage -11d- and a smaller proportion of the rear passage -11c-, so that the contained gas
    between the liquid level -10a- and the pneumatic turbine -12- is compressed to then flow under pressure through the pneumatic turbine -12-, propelling the air for rotor movement and generating energy in this way,

    In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, a hydraulic turbine -13- connected to an electricity generator, is inserted in an intermediate part of the underpass -11a- in a plane normal to the main direction of the swell. The hydraulic turbine -13- limits the movement of the liquid -10- with respect to the annular closed circuit, caused by the swell incident on the floating body -1-.

    According to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6, when, in response to an incident wave, the bow -3- of the float body -1- rises from its stern -2-, the liquid level -10a- will progressively occupy a proportion 10 greater of the rear passage -11c- and a smaller proportion of the front passage -11d-, so that a flow of liquid occurs through the hydraulic turbine -13-, producing the movement of the turbine rotor for the generation of Energy. On the other hand, when, after the wave has passed and the bow -3- descends into a valley between waves and descends from the stern -2- of the floating body -1-, the mass of liquid -10- will progressively occupy a greater proportion of the front passage -11d- and a smaller proportion of the rear passage -11c-, 15 so that there is a flow of liquid towards the front passage -11d- that propels the hydraulic turbine -13-.

    The tank modules -11- can be designed to have different sizes to accommodate different volumes of water masses -10- in their closed circuits. In this way and analogously to that described above 20 with reference to Figures 2 and 4, each mass of water -10- is allowed to act in a different optimal way depending on the wave train arriving. Not all bodies of water will be optimal for the same wave, but as a whole they will achieve an optimum for the use of the energy of all the incident waves in the floating body -1-
    The systems with pneumatic turbine -12- are especially useful in rough seas and, therefore, very energetic with greater frequency of waves, while the systems with hydraulic turbine -13- are especially useful in quieter seas and, therefore, less energy with less frequency of waves, since hydraulic turbines -13- require lower flow velocity of water bodies -11- than pneumatic turbines -12-. 30

    Figures 9A-9C illustrate three stages of the pitching movement of the float body -1- against the swell that moves in the direction of the arrow with white fill shown in both these figures and in Figures 4-6, 8 and 10-12 .
    Thus, in figure 9A it can be seen that, when a wave -O- hits the floating body -1-, its bow -3- emerges from the water and remains in an elevated position with respect to the stern -2-. As the wave passes -O- along the floating body -1-, the bow -3- descends again until leveling with the stern -2-, as shown in Figure 9B, when the floating body -1- is found on the crest –O1- of the wave –O-. Then, according to the wave -O- goes through the floating body -1-, its bow -3- descends into a valley -O2- between waves -O- and is at 40 a lower position with respect to its stern -2- , as shown in Figure 9C, and the bow -3- is faced with a new wave -O-. Due to the specific geometry of the floating body -1- previously described, the pitching movements of the floating body -1- are maximized, guaranteeing its longitudinal stability and minimizing the generation of wake waves thus minimizing the dissipation of energy not transmitted to the mass inertial
    Figure 10 shows another embodiment of the generating device comprising, in addition to the pendulums -7, 7a, 7b- described above with reference to Figures 2 and 4, a complementary pendulum -7'- connected through its rod -8 ' - to a longitudinal axis -9'-. The function of this complementary pendulum -7'- is to take advantage of the balancing movements of the floating body -1- for the generation of electrical energy, for which its longitudinal axis -9'- can be connected, for example and in analogy to the above described with respect to the transverse axis -9-, for example to an electro-mechanical generator that produces electric power directly, or a hydraulic pump that pumps oil to propel an electro-mechanical generator, or a multiplier device connected to a electricity generator (not shown in the figures).

    Figure 11 shows another embodiment of the generating device comprising a main pendulum -7 '' - single 55 with a rod -8 '' connected to a converter device -9 '' - itself conventional which in turn is connected to, by For example, an electro-mechanical generator that produces electric power directly, or a hydraulic pump that pumps oil to propel an electro-mechanical generator, or a multiplier device connected to an electricity generator (not shown in the figures).
    According to the embodiment, the single pendulum -7 '' - is free to move in any degree of freedom and transmits the movements of the floating body -1- caused by the waves through its rod -8 '' - to the converter device -9 '' -.

    Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of a funding system whereby the floating body -1- is anchored at the bottom -F- of the sea. According to this embodiment, the anchoring system comprises three flexible linear elements -14-, 65 such as chains or ends, whose upper ends are connected to an anchoring device -15-
    common located at the point of rotation of the floating body -1-, and whose lower ends are subject to two anchoring blocks -16-, such as concrete blocks, arranged at the bottom -F- in radial positions spaced apart from each other at 120O.

    Figure 12 also shows an electrical cable -17- through which the electrical energy generated by the electricity generator is transmitted, in a conventional manner, to an electrical network that connects to the ground.

    In this text, the word “understand” and its variants (such as “understanding”, etc.) should not be interpreted in an exclusive way, that is, they do not exclude the possibility that what is described includes other elements, steps, etc.
    On the other hand, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments that have been described but also covers, for example, the variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, as regards the choice of materials, dimensions, components, configuration, etc.), within what follows from the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]

    1.- Electric power generating device from wave energy comprising
    a floating body (1) with a stern (2), a bow (3), a bottom bottom (4) that extends between the stern (2) and the bow (3), a width (A), an interior space (1a) and an upper base (1b) that extends between the stern (2) 5 and the bow (3), and a length (L) defined between a first transverse plane (PT1) that, seen in lateral profile, passes by a rear end point (PET) at an intermediate height of the stern (2), as well as a second transverse plane (PT2) passing through a front end point (PED) in an upper part of the bow (3);
    an inertial mass (7, 7a, 7b, 7 ', 7' ', 10) selected from solid inertial masses (7, 7a, 7b, 7', 7 '') and liquid inertial masses (10), and combinations thereof masses, housed in the inner space (1a) of the floating body 10 (1), so that it is capable of maintaining an inertial position inside the floating body (1) when performing oscillating movements in response to marine waves (O);
    a power extraction system connected to an electricity generating system mounted on the floating body (1), capable of generating electrical energy from relative movements between the inertial mass (7, 7a, 7b, 7 ', 7' ', 10) and the float device (1); fifteen
    at least one anchoring device (15) connectable to a anchoring system (14, 16) that allows the float body (1) to keep its bow (3) facing the waves (O) and prevents translation of the float body (1 ) beyond a distance of a predetermined anchoring position;
    characterized because
    the stern (2) comprises an outer face (5) having a convex contour in the form of a surface 20 of a first segment of rectangular transverse cylinder extending between opposite sides of the stern (2);
    the outer face (5) of the stern (2) comprises a lower convex section (5a) and an upper convex section (5b) which, seen in lateral profile, are joined at the rear end point (PET) at the intermediate height of the stern (2) and extend from there each in the direction of the bow (3);
    the bow (3) comprises an outer face (6) having a convex contour in the form of a surface of a second rectangular circular circular segment extending between opposite sides of the bow (3);
    the outer face (6) of the bow (3) extends, seen in lateral profile, between the front part of the lower section (4) and the front end point (PED) at the top of the bow (3);
    the outer face (5) of the stern (2) and the outer face (6) of the bow (3) extend between a lower plane (PI) and an upper plane (PS) coplanar with the upper base (1b) of the floating body (1); 30
    the outer face (5) of the stern (2) extends along a first arc (α) of at least 180O and the outer face (6) of the bow (3) extends along a second arc (β) of at most 90O.

    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that
    the stern (2) has a maximum longitudinal extension between the first transverse plane (PT1) and a third transverse plane (PT3) that passes through a first intermediate point (PI1) that delimits the bottom bottom (4) in front of the stern ( 2) and by a second intermediate point (PI2) that delimits the rear part of the upper base (1b) in front of the stern (2);
    the upper base (1b) of the floating body (1) extends between the third transverse plane (PT3) and the second transverse plane (PT2); 40
    the bow (3) has a maximum longitudinal extension between the second transverse plane (PT2) and a fourth transverse plane (PT4) that passes through a third intermediate point (PI3) that delimits the bottom bottom (4) in front of the bow (3 ) and by a fourth intermediate point (PI4) that delimits the upper base (1b) in front of the bow (3);
    the bottom bottom (4) has a defined length (d) between the third (PT3) and the fourth transverse plane (PT4). Four. Five

    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal extension of the bow (3) is between 80% and 150% greater, preferably between 90% and 120% greater, and more preferably 100% greater , that the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern (2).
    [4]
    4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the length (d) of the bottom bottom (4) is between 80% and 30% less, preferably between 60% and 40% less, and more preferably 50% smaller, than the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern (2).

    [5]
    5. Device according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the lower convex section (5a) of the external face 55 of the stern (2) has a height selected between greater heights and lower heights and a substantially equal height, than the upper convex section (5b).

    [6]
    6. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that
    the outer face of the stern (2) has a semicircular longitudinal section with a first radius (R1) 60 corresponding to the maximum longitudinal extension of the stern (2);
    the outer face of the bow (3) has a longitudinal section of a quarter circle segment defined by a second radius (R2) corresponding to the maximum longitudinal extension of the bow (3);
    the first radius (R1) is less long, preferably 50% less long, than the second radius (R2).
    [7]
    7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the length (d) of the bottom bottom (4) is shorter,
    preferably 50% smaller, than the first radius (R1).
    8-. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inertial mass represents between 20% and 40% by weight of the volume of seawater displaced by the generating device.
    9-. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid inertial mass comprises at least one main pendulum (7) connected to a transverse axis (9) disposed in the interior space (1a) of the floating body (1), the transversal axis (9) in turn connected to the power extraction system.
    [10]
    10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one additional pendulum (7a, 7b) having a mass smaller than the main pendulum (7 ') connected to the power extraction system, each pendulum being (7, 7a, 7b) connected to the power extraction system, by means of a transverse axis (9) selected between individual transverse axes for each pendulum (7, 7a, 7b), common transverse axes that group the connection of at least two pendulums (7, 7a, 7b), and combinations of such transverse axes. fifteen

    [11]
    11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that
    the main pendulum (7) is arranged between at least one pair of additional pendulums (7a, 7b) arranged in the interior space (1a) of the floating body (1),
    each of the additional pendulums (7a, 7b) is connected to the power extraction system; twenty
    Each pendulum (7a, 7b) of each pair of additional pendulums (7a, 7b) has a smaller mass than the main pendulum (7).

    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a single main pendulum (7``) free to move in any degree of freedom and connected to the power extraction system, 25 by means of a converter mechanism -9 '' -, so that the main pendulum -7 '' - only transmits the movements of the floating body -1- caused by the swell to the converter mechanism -9 '' -.

    [13]
    13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one complementary pendulum (7 ') connected to a longitudinal axis (9') disposed in the interior space (1a) 30 of the floating body (1).

    [14]
    14. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    The liquid inertial mass comprises a mass of liquid (10) confined in at least one tank module (11) comprising an annular closed circuit (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) comprising a lower passage (11a) 35 and a passage upper (11b) as well as a rear passage (11c) and a forward passage (11d) through which the lower passage (11a) and the upper passage (11b) communicate;
    the liquid mass (10) forms a water column contained in the lower passage (11a), a lower part of the forward passage (11d) and a lower part of a rear passage (11c) to a liquid level (10a);
    above the liquid level (10a), the front passage (11d) and the rear passage (11c) and the upper passage (11b) 40 are filled with gas;
    the annular circuit (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) extends longitudinally in the interior space (1a) of the floating body (1) between the stern (2) and the bow (3);
    the mass of liquid (10) moves in the annular closed circuit (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) towards the stern (2) or towards the bow (2) of the floating body (1), depending on the oscillating movements made by the floating body 45 (1) in response to marine waves (O);
    The power extraction system comprises at least one turbine selected from pneumatic turbines (12) arranged in pneumatic connection with an upper passage (11b) of the annular closed circuit which is filled with gas; hydraulic turbines (13) arranged in hydraulic connection with an underpass (11a) of the annular closed circuit, and combinations of such turbines. fifty

    [15]
    15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that
    it comprises a plurality of tank modules (11);
    at least one tank module (11) contains a mass of water (10) greater than the mass of water (10) contained in at least one other tank module (11); 55
    the volume of the water mass (10) contained in each of the respective tank modules (11) is adapted to a particular type of swell whose waves (O) cause the oscillating movements of the floating body (1);
    The pneumatic connection comprises a pneumatic connection system selected between individual pneumatic connection systems that connect a single tank module (11) with a single pneumatic turbine (12) 60, common pneumatic connection systems that connect several tank modules (11) with a pneumatic turbine (12) shared, and combinations of such pneumatic connection systems; Y
    The hydraulic connection comprises a hydraulic connection system selected between individual hydraulic connection systems that connect a tank module (11) with a single individual hydraulic turbine (13), shared hydraulic connection systems that connect several tank modules (11) with a shared hydraulic turbine (13), and combinations of such hydraulic connection systems.





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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2549369B1|2016-08-05|
    WO2015144956A1|2015-10-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4110630A|1977-04-01|1978-08-29|Hendel Frank J|Wave powered electric generator|
    US4258269A|1979-05-03|1981-03-24|Junjiro Tsubota|Wave power generator|
    FR2876751B1|2004-10-15|2007-01-19|Centre Nat Rech Scient Cnrse|APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING WAVE ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY|
    TWM381681U|2010-01-12|2010-06-01|shi-xiong Chen|Seesaw type water wave electric generator|
    ES2449579T3|2010-01-21|2014-03-20|Íñigo Echenique Gordillo|Wave electricity generation system by oscillation|
    CN203796483U|2013-09-30|2014-08-27|无锡津天阳激光电子有限公司|Ship form pendulum bob type sea wave electric generator|FR3073013B1|2017-10-26|2019-11-29|Seaturns|FLOATING MOTION DEVICE|
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    PCT/ES2015/070209| WO2015144956A1|2014-03-27|2015-03-23|Device for generating electricity from wave energy|
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