• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The generation relates to a solid waste disposal plant. In another aspect, the production relates to the use of this plant for the treatment of organic material to obtain biogas and compost, where biogas is obtained both from a biogas reactor with leachate and from a process tank containing the solid waste.
    公开号:DK201500064U1
    申请号:DK201500064U
    申请日:2015-05-12
    公开日:2016-09-09
    发明作者:Christian Bøggild Smed Christensen
    申请人:Aikan As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The production relates in a first aspect to a plant for the treatment of solid organic material to obtain biogas and compost. In another aspect, the production relates to the use of the plant according to the first aspect of the production to treat organic material to obtain biogas and compost. Today, most of the solid organic waste goes from industry and households to incineration. Often, however, the energy consumption for combustion is not significantly less than what is achieved by the combustion. because of the water content of the waste. Thus, food waste and slurry typically contain about 70% water, so it takes a lot of energy to evaporate water away before the rest can burn. In addition, valuable nutrients are removed from their natural circulation by the burning of the waste and landfill of the resulting slag. This is especially a problem with regard to phosphorus, which is a globally dwindling resource. Against this background, increasing efforts are being made to recover organic waste through biological conversion. Degradation of organic matter is a process that occurs aerobically and / or anaerobically in nature in a complex interaction between many different organisms. Methods for promoting aerobic or anaerobic degradation of biological material have long been known for the production of compost and biogas, respectively.
    The anaerobic decomposition of organic matter can be roughly divided into the steps of hydrolysis and methanogenesis and often takes place in a biogas plant to produce methane as the main product. In addition, depending on the starting material, the degassed biomass can be a valuable fertilizer rich in nutrient salts.
    Composting as a way of producing aerobic degradation and fertilizer material has been known for millennia and has been described in many places.
    The decomposition of biological waste into biogas and compost can be carried out in a varying number of sub-processes, alternating between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, it is characteristic of the methods used that the solid waste typically has to be moved around to achieve the desired degree of oxygenation.
    An example of this is the newer plants ISKA® and BIOPERCOLAT® (DE19846336 A1). Here, the waste is hydrolyzed after a mechanical pre-treatment (eg filtering and separation of metal). The percolator is equipped with a stirring mechanism so that the waste is continuously transported through the plant. The percolation liquid is fermented under anaerobic conditions with biogas in the methane reactor. The water treated in this way is used directly as a percolating liquid or is separated for use after another purification. International patent application WO 2013/009706 describes a plant for degradation of organic material for biogas and compost, where the problem of relocation is solved by keeping the solid waste permanently in a process module where it is sequentially subjected to anaerobic and aerobic decomposition respectively. However, it is not possible to utilize all the biogas generated during the process, since only gas generated in a biogas reactor based on leachate from the hydrolysis in the process modules is collected. Against this background, it is intended to provide an improved plant for the treatment of solid organic matter to obtain biogas and compost so as to obtain better utilization of the biogas formed.
    In order to fulfill this purpose, according to the first aspect of the production, a plant for treating solid organic material for obtaining biogas and compost is provided, which plant comprises: at least one process tank 1, where solid organic material is filled and where hydrolysis and composting take place at different times. composting of solid organic matter takes place after the hydrolysis is completed, wherein the process tank has an air intake 16 and a biogas outlet 7, wherein the process tank has a drainage system 3 at or near its base, the drainage system allowing the flow of leachate out of the process tank during the hydrolysis phase to a buffer tank 5, wherein the drainage system also serves as a ventilation device through which air is sucked out of the solid organic matter into the process tank during the composting phase; a syringe system 2 arranged to spray leachate from the buffer tank onto the solid organic material in the process module during the hydrolysis phase; and a reactor tank 8 to which leachate is pumped from the buffer tank to produce biogas under anaerobic conditions; the biogas formed in the process tank 1 being passed through the biogas outlet and via a transport system 7 to headspace 9 over the reactor tank 8, where it is mixed with biogas from the reactor tank.
    With such a biogas outlet and transport system, it is also possible to utilize biogas formed in the process tank 1 during the anaerobic phase, so that the total amount of biogas for utilization is increased by at least 25%.
    Many different types of organic material can be treated in the system, including municipal waste, industrial waste, garden waste and wastewater. In one embodiment, the buffer tank is integrated into the process tank. This results in savings due to less piping and maintenance as well as lower construction costs. Under each process tank, there is preferably a reservoir of 6-8 m3, formed as a cavity in a molded concrete foundation for the process tank. In a further embodiment, the plant may have a manifold tube connecting the process tank via the buffer tank to a biofilter, with at least one fog nozzle disposed in the manifold tube and in a roof over the biofilter. During the aerobic composting phase, the fog nozzles serve to reduce odor nuisance and cool air inlet from the process tank, providing a simple, efficient and space-saving alternative to a separate scrubber unit. The liquid from the mist nozzles, which is preferably water, collects ammonia and other odorous water-soluble compounds and at the same time ensures that the biofilter is kept moist for the microorganisms therein. The liquid in the fog nozzles may optionally have one or more odor-absorbing chemical additives, which may be, for example, surfactants such as dishwashing detergents or other detergents.
    The plant may also be provided with a pipe connection from the manifold pipe and from the biofilter to the reactor tank so that the liquid saturated with odorous compounds can be transferred thereto. In a preferred embodiment, the plant is located in a reception hall whose passive ventilation with ambient air can be controlled. This makes it possible in the composting phase to utilize an active suction from the process tank to the biofilter to create vacuum in the hall, as the purified air from the biofilter is directed directly to the surroundings of the receiving hall.
    In addition, for the purpose of the aforementioned object, according to the second aspect of the production, use is made of the plant according to the production for the treatment of solid organic material to obtain biogas and compost, which use comprises the steps of introducing solid organic material into the process tank, closing the process tank so that anaerobic conditions are built up. , allow hydrolysis to take place in the solid organic material to form liquid leachate, sprinkle the solid organic matter with collected leachate via the buffer tank and syringe system, pump leachate through the buffer tank into the reactor tank, allow methanogenesis to form biogas in the reactor tank, and subsequently in the process tank where the biogas formed in the process tank is passed through the biogas outlet and the transport system to the headspace above the reactor tank, and open to the air intake and by means of one or more pumps suck air via the air intake into the upper part of the process tank and on through the remaining solid org. Anionic material for the drainage system and further through the buffer tank and the manifold tube for the biofilter, so that aerobic conditions are established in the process tank for composting the remaining solid organic matter.
    Hereby, similar or similar advantages are obtained as with the plant according to the first aspect of the production.
    In a preferred embodiment, during the composting phase, odorous water-soluble substances are removed from the air sucked from the air intake to the biofilter by means of at least one mist nozzle in the manifold tube and in the roof over the biofilter. The liquid sprayed from the fog nozzles is preferably water and is conducted in an advantageous embodiment from the manifold tube and the biofilter via a pipe connection to the reactor tank.
    The plant is advantageously arranged in a reception hall where the passive ventilation thereof with air from the surroundings is controlled, so that in the composting phase a negative pressure is built up in the reception hall to reduce odor nuisance outside it.
    According to a third aspect of production, compost obtained by using the plant according to the second aspect of production is provided.
    A preferred embodiment of the invention will be illustrated below with reference to the non-limiting schematic figures, in which
    FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of a plant according to the anaerobic phase production.
    FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of an aerobic phase production apparatus. In FIG. 1 it is seen that each process tank 1 is fitted with a biogas outlet and transport system 7, so that biogas formed in the process tank can be fed to headspace 9 above the reactor tank 8 and for further utilization. Under each process tank is integrated a buffer tank 5 to which hydrolyzed compounds are fed from the process tank via a drainage system 3, from which leachate can be pumped with a pump 4 via one of the filters 6 to the reactor tank. In addition, from the reactor tank, degassed leachate can be pumped with the pump 4 via a number of the filters 6 into a syringe system 2 at the top of the process tank.
    FIG. 2 shows that each process tank is further provided with an air intake 16, which is provided with air from a reception hall 15. Furthermore, it is seen that each buffer tank is connected to a manifold tube 17 to a biofilter 12. Fog nozzles 14 are arranged in the manifold tube and in the roof. 13 over the biofilter. In the roof is a centered roof opening 18. In the following, an application of the plant according to a preferred embodiment of the production is carried out in the plant according to the figures.
    Solid biodegradable material is received in the reception hall 15. If the material is packaged, the bags are opened without decomposition. If the material contains impurities, a pre-sorting is carried out and if necessary mixed with structural material such as woody garden waste. The waste is transported with a mixer with unloading tape to a number of modular process tanks 1 and read inside them. In the first step (hydrolysis), the process tank modules 1 are filled with solid organic waste material. Each process tank module is designed as an insulated concrete compartment. The material is secured with a barrier and the process tank modules are closed with a gas-tight port so that anaerobic conditions can be built up. The degassed leachate from the reactor tank 8 is pumped with a pump 4 via filters 6 to the syringe system 2, which from the ceiling of the process tank distributes the leachate evenly over the solid material. The percolate leaches hydrolyzed organic compounds and reacted organic fatty acids, which run through the poured drainage system 3 at the bottom of the process module to an integrated buffer tank 5. The size of the buffer tank depends on the size of the process tank module, but is typically 6-8 m3. From the buffer tank, the concentrated leachate is fed via a filter 6 to a pump 4 which pumps it to the reactor tank 8 where the anaerobic decomposition takes place. In the second step (methanogenesis), biogas is generated from the decomposition of the concentrated leachate in the reactor tank 8. The reactor tank is in this case the type "Continuously Stirred Reactor" (CSR), but alternatively another type of reactor, e.g. of the type "Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket" (UASB) have been used. The type of reactor is selected depending on the expected material composition. Each reactor tank receives material from several process tank modules, and there may be one or more tanks for receiving liquid material in connection with the reactor tank. The reactor tank may additionally be provided with heating means. The biogas is collected in a headspace 9 above the liquid surface from which it is led to recovery. Percolation of solid material in each process tank module as described above proceeds for a period of 10 to 28 days, at which time the leachate of the leachate is reacted in the reactor tank 8. The percolation in the methanogenesis phase serves to return leached nutrients from the biogasification process to the solid organic matter. . During the latter part of the percolation period, biogas is also formed in the process tank module 1. The gas contribution from the process tank module will normally be less than that from the reactor tank, but by optimizing the conditions in the process tank module a considerable additional exchange of methane can be obtained. The gas pressure is continuously measured with a pressure valve mounted in the process tank. The biogas formed in the process tank module is passed through a transport system 7 to headspace 9 in the reactor tank 8, where it is mixed with biogas from the reactor tank and conducted for use. In the third step (aeration and composting), air intake 16 is opened in the roof of each process tank module and air is drawn from the upper part of the buffer tank 5 through the drainage system 3 and the solid organic material contained in the process tank module. The material is then oxygenated and the composting process begins. There is no need for external heat supply and the composting achieved in this way produces a wide circulation of highly degradable material that was not degraded during the anaerobic phase, while also ensuring a good hygiene condition in the finished compost product.
    The extract air from a number of process modules is collected in manifold tubes 17. For each process tank module, a fog nozzle 14 is mounted which blows liquid into the air flow when sucked from that module. The liquid cools the air, which is around 70 ° C, and the liquid collects ammonia and other odorous, water-soluble substances. The liquid is drained from the manifold pipe 17 and pumped to the reactor tank 8. The air is pumped from the manifold pipe 17 through the biofilter 12. In the bio filter, odorous compounds are reacted by microorganisms. The biofilter is covered with a light roof structure 13 which opens into a centered roof opening 18, from which the treated air is discharged to the surroundings of the receiving hall. Under the roof there is a mist nozzle system 14 which blows liquid into the exhaust air. The fog nozzle system is started when one of the process modules is aerated. The liquid from the mist nozzle system 14 in the roof 13 further collects ammonia and other odorous, water-soluble substances and at the same time ensures that the biofilter is kept moist for the microorganisms therein.
    The air inlet 16 in each process tank module receives air from the receiving hall 15 and the associated closed process areas. These areas are thereby evacuated for smelling air, and a slight suppression is created in the reception hall, thus reducing the odor load of the hall's surroundings.
    Depending on the nature and desires of the input materials for the final products, it may sometimes be necessary to optimize either gasification or composting part of the total process at the expense of the other part. The flexible arrangement of the system thus makes it possible e.g. to disconnect the biogas portion and simply expose the organic material in the process tank module to aerobic treatment for compost production. In this case, the total treatment time will be reduced, e.g. from 7 to 5 weeks, and the treatment capacity will increase by approx. 45%.
    Example
    A plant according to the invention is provided, consisting of 10 process tank modules per biogas reactor tank to ensure continuous biogas production and optimal utilization of the material. Each process tank module has an internal volume of 600 m3, and each module is alternately filled with a mixture of 200 tonnes of solid organic waste and 100 tonnes of structural material in the form of garden waste and wood chips.
    The anaerobic phase (hydrolysis and methanogenesis) is carried out in each module for 3 weeks, and biogas with a methane content of about 75% is obtained. Subsequently, the aerobic composting phase proceeds for 4 weeks in each module. The processing capacity per module is hereby 1500 tonnes of household waste per year.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Plant for the treatment of solid organic matter for obtaining biogas and compost, where the plant comprises: at least one process tank 1, where solid organic matter is filled and where hydrolysis and composting takes place at different times, composting of solid organic material takes place after the hydrolysis is completed, wherein the process tank has an air inlet 16 and a biogas outlet, the process tank having a drainage system 3 at or near its base, the drainage system allowing flow of leachate liquid out of the process tank during the hydrolysis phase to a buffer tank 5, where the drainage system also serves as a ventilation device through which air is sucked out of the solid organic matter into the process tank during the composting phase; a syringe system 2 arranged to spray leachate from the buffer tank onto the solid organic material in the process module during the hydrolysis phase; and a reactor tank 8 to which leachate is pumped from the buffer tank to produce biogas under anaerobic conditions; the biogas formed in the process tank 1 being passed through the biogas outlet and via a transport system 7 to headspace 9 over the reactor tank 8, where it is mixed with biogas from the reactor tank.
    [2]
    An installation according to claim 1, wherein the buffer tank is integrated into the process tank.
    [3]
    The system of claims 1 and 2, wherein a manifold tube 17 connects process tank 1 via buffer tank 5 to a biofilter 12, with at least one mist nozzle 14 disposed in the manifold tube 17 and in a roof 13 above the biofilter 12.
    [4]
    An installation according to claims 1-3, wherein the installation is further provided with a pipe connection from manifold pipe 17 and from biofilter 12 to reactor tank 8.
    [5]
    An installation according to claims 1-4, wherein the installation is located in a reception hall and where the passive ventilation of the reception hall with ambient air can be controlled.
    [6]
    Use of the plant according to claims 1-5 for treating solid organic material to obtain biogas and compost, comprising the steps of a) introducing solid organic material into process tank 1, b) closing process tank 1 so that anaerobic conditions are built up, c) allowing d) sprinkle the solid organic matter with collected leachate via buffer tank 5 and spray system 2, e) pump leachate via buffer tank 5 to the reactor tank 8, f) allow methanogenesis to form biogas in the reactor tank 8 and subsequently in the process tank 1, where the biogas formed in the process tank 1 is fed via biogas outlet and transport system 7 to headspace 9 over the reactor tank 8, and g) open to air inlet 16 and by means of one or more pumps suck in air via air inlet 16. in the upper part of the process tank 1 and on through the remaining solid organic material for drainage system 3 and on through buffer tank 5 and manifold tubes 17 to biofilter 12 so that aerobic conditions are established in the process tank for composting the remaining solid organic matter.
    [7]
    Use of the system according to claim 6, wherein odorous water-soluble substances are removed from the air which in step g) is sucked from the air inlet 16 to the biofilter 12, by means of at least one mist nozzle 14 in the manifold tube 17 and in the roof 13 over the biofilter.
    [8]
    Use of the system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the system is arranged in a reception hall and wherein the passive ventilation of the reception hall is controlled so that in step g) a negative pressure is built up in the reception hall to reduce odor nuisance outside it.
    [9]
    Use according to claims 6-8, wherein the liquid from manifold tubes 17 and biofilter 12 is fed via a pipe connection to the reactor tank 8.
    [10]
    Use of the system according to claims 7-9, wherein the liquid used in the at least one mist nozzle 14 is water optionally added to odor absorbing chemical additives.
    [11]
    Compost obtained using the plant according to claims 6-10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK201500064Y3|2017-02-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKBA201500064U|DK201500064Y3|2015-05-12|2015-05-12|Plant for the treatment of solid organic material, and the use thereof|DKBA201500064U| DK201500064Y3|2015-05-12|2015-05-12|Plant for the treatment of solid organic material, and the use thereof|
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