• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    An offshore drilling rig comprising: a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance/transfer position on a maintenance/transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centres.
    公开号:DK201300302A1
    申请号:DK201300302
    申请日:2013-05-20
    公开日:2014-12-01
    发明作者:Jesper Holck；Michael Kannegaard；Frederik Smidth
    申请人:A P Møller Mærsk As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Riser action on a drilling rig Technical Field
    The invention generally relates to offshore drilling rigs, often also referred to as offshore drilling platforms. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for handling marine riser joints on a floating drilling vessel such as a semi-submersible drilling rig or drill ship.
    background
    Floatable offshore drilling rigs are widely used in the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs below the sea floor, in particular at relatively high water depths.
    One type of floating drill structure is the semi-submersible drilling rig that typically obtains its buoyancy from ballasted, watertight pontoons located below the ocean surface and wave action. The operating deck can be located high above the sea level due to the high stability of the design, and therefore the operating deck is kept well away from the waves. Structural columns connect the pontoons and operating deck. Another type of floating drilling vessel is a drill ship.
    Such floating offshore drilling rigs utilize a variety of tubular equipment, such as drill pipes. Marine risers are a particular type of tubular equipment used in subsea drilling operations. The marine riser (in the present disclosure also simply referred to as the riser) is made up of marine riser joints. Most marine riser joints are large elongated structures, typically defining a main tube and a number of secondary tubes as well as a number of Buoyancy elements. During the drilling operation, the marine riser joints are typically assembled to a string of marine riser joints forming the riser and lowered towards the sea floor so as to create a string of marine riser joints extending from the drilling rig to the sea floor. The drill string is then advanced through the central tube of the marine riser. Marine risers joints are very large and heavy tubular elements; Typical risers joints are 50-75ft and even 90ft long and weigh many tons. Consequently, they are difficult to handle, for example when loading or offloading them to / from the drilling rig, e.g. from / to a supply ship. US 4,129,221 discusses riser handling on a drill ship where the riser joints are stored in horizontal orientation and hoisted to the well center by a crane.
    However, on many drilling structures it is preferred to store the riser joints in vertical orientation, as a vertical storage requires less deck space on the operational deck. US 8,052,369 discloses an offshore drilling rig where tubulars are stored in a shaft in vertical position. The tubulars are lifted out of the shaft and across the main deck of the drilling rig towards a catwalk machine, where they are brought into horizontal position and axially fed through a V-door in the derrick to the well center.
    It is generally desirable to provide a drilling rig and corresponding riser handling apparatus allowing efficient, loading and offloading of riser joints onto / from the drill rig (e.g. for maintenance of the riser joints) and / or for efficient maintenance of riser joints.
    summary
    Disclosed herein are embodiments of an offshore drilling rig.
    According to one aspect, disclosed herein is an offshore drilling rig comprising: - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well center; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centers; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance / transfer position on a maintenance / transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centers; and the prostrate maintenance / transfer position defines an axial direction that does not intersect with any of the one or more well centers.
    Embodiments of the drilling rig disclosed herein allow riser joints stored in an upright position to be placed in a prostrate position, e.g. on the main deck of the drilling rig, without interfering with ongoing drilling operations at any of the well centers.
    Once placed in the maintenance / transfer position, maintenance operations may be performed on the riser joint in a safe and efficient manner. Alternatively or additionally, the riser joint may be picked up from the maintenance / transfer position by a crane and lifted, in prostrate orientation, off the drilling rig, e.g. onto a supply vessel. Similarly, riser joints may be loaded from a supply vessel onto the maintenance / transfer position and then moved to the upright storage position.
    The term "well center" refers to a hole in the drill floor deck through which the drilling rig is configured to lower tubular equipment towards the seabed and, in particular, through which tubular equipment may be lowered all the way to the seabed. A well center is sometimes also referred to as a drilling center. It will be appreciated that the drill floor deck may comprise additional holes such as foxholes and mouseholes that may e.g. be used for building stands of tubulars but through which the drilling rig cannot lower tubular equipment to the seabed and / or through which the drilling rig cannot perform drilling into the seabed e.g. by lacking a system arranged to rotate a drill string with sufficient force such as a top drive or a turntable. In some embodiments, such an additional hole is a hole in the drill floor deck through which the drilling rig cannot progress a drill string through a riser system. In some embodiments, a well center is differentiated from an additional hole by having a diverter and / or a diverter housing arranged below so that drill string passed through the well center extends through said diverter or diverter housing.
    The offshore drilling rig may be a semi-submersible drilling rig, i.e. it may comprise one or more buoyancy pontoons located below the ocean surface and wave action, and an operation platform elevated above the ocean surface and supported by one or more column structures extending from the buoyancy pontoon to the operation platform. Alternatively, the offshore rig may be of a different type, such as a jack-up drilling rig or a drill ship.
    For the purpose of the present description, the term "mast" refers to a support structure upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck and supporting a hoisting system for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment (such as drill strings, casings and / or risers) towards the seabed so that drilling into the seabed can be performed. The mast may extend from the drill floor deck or from a deck different from the drill floor deck. The hoisting system may be a hydraulic hoisting system comprising upwardly extending cylinders for carrying the load to be hoisted or lowered typically via large sheaves mounted on top of the cylinders. In some embodiments, the hoisting system may be a draw works system. The mast of a drilling rig is sometimes formed as a derrick, a tower or other suitable support structure.
    The term tubular equipment is intended to refer to tubular equipment that is advanced through the well center towards the sea floor during one or more stages of the drilling operation. In particular, the term tubular equipment refers to straight tubular elements that can be joined to form a string of tubular equipment. The tubular equipment may be selected from drill pipes and / or other tubular elements of the drill string, risers, liners and casings. Examples of tubular elements of the drill string include drill pipes, drill collars, etc. For the purpose of the present descriptions, these will also generally be referred to as tubulars.
    For the purpose of this description, the term drill floor deck is intended to refer to the deck of an operating platform of an offshore drilling rig immediately above which joints of tubulars are assembled to form the drill string which is advanced through the well center towards the seabed. The part of the drill floor deck in immediate proximity to the well center is normally referred to as the drill floor, which is the primary work location for the rig crew and / or machines performing similar functions, such as iron roughnecks. The drill floor normally includes a rotary table for rotating the drill string. The drill floor deck may be arranged at the same level as or at a different level than e.g. elevated from, a main deck of the drilling rig. The main deck may comprise storage space e.g. for storing heavy equipment such as BOPs and Christmas trees.
    The storage area for riser joints may be located in a riser bay having a floor that is recessed relative to the main deck. The riser bay me is sized such that less than 80%, e.g. less than 60%, e.g. less than 50%, e.g. less than 30% of the length of a riser joint stored upright in the riser bay extends above the main deck level or the level at which the maintenance / transfer position is located. Flence, the riser bay may be between 3 m and 30 m deep, e.g. more than 5 m, e.g. more than 10 m, e.g. more than 15 m, e.g. more than 20 m deep. A recessed storage position results in the center of mass of the drill rig to be lowered.
    Embodiments of the drilling rig disclosed herein allow loading / offloading of the riser joints without using the main hoisting system. Moreover, maintenance and / or other manipulations of the riser joints (including those requiring removal of the Buoyancy elements that surround the riser joint) may be performed on board the drilling rig, and without interfering with the drilling operation. The riser handling apparatus may be embodied as a single machine / device or as multiple machines / devices, e.g. a first riser handling machine and a second riser handling machine. The first riser handling machine may be operable to move a riser joint in upright orientation e.g. between a tilt position and a storage position of the riser; in particular the first riser handling machine may be operable to move an upright riser joint laterally, i.e. substantially horizontally, across the floor of the storage area. It will be appreciated that the first riser handling machine may be operable to lift an upright riser joint relative to the floor of the storage area, e.g. sufficiently high so as to lift the riser joint out of or into an attachment mechanism or guiding mechanism, e.g. less than 5 m, e.g. less than 3 m e.g. less than 2 m. However, the first riser handling machine does not need to lift the riser completely out of the recessed riser bay. The second riser handling machine may be operable, alone or in cooperation with the first riser handling machine, to tilt the riser joint between an upright and a prostrate orientation and, optionally, to elevate the riser joint from the tilt position to the maintenance / transfer position. In particular, the tilt position may be at the same level as the storage area or slightly elevated or recessed relative to the storage area, e.g. at less than 3 m, e.g. less than 2 m, e.g. less than 1 m. The first riser handling machine may be a crane, e.g. and gantry crane. The second riser handling machine may be an elevator device or a tilt mechanism comprising a pivotable support member.
    For the purpose of the present description, the term "upright" is intended to refer to a vertical or close to vertical orientation where a riser joint stands on one of its ends while the other end is pointing upward, e.g. an orientation defining a small angle compared to the vertical direction e.g. less than 45 °, such as less than 30 °, e.g. less than 20 °, e.g. less than 10 °, e.g. less than 5 °.
    Similarly, the term "prostrate" is intended to refer to a horizontal or close to horizontal orientation where a riser joint lies flat on the deck or a similar support, e.g. defining a small angle compared to the horizontal direction e.g. less than 45 °, such as less than 30 °, e.g. less than 20 °, e.g. less than 10 °, e.g. less than 5 °.
    In some embodiments, the drilling rig is a dual (or even multiple) activity rig where more than one main drilling operations and / or parallel operations may be performed through two or even more separate well centers. To this end, in some embodiments, the offshore drilling rig comprises two (or even more) well centers displaced from each other, and corresponding masts (or a common mast structure) and hoisting systems configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through the respective well centers.
    The present disclosure relates to various aspects including the drilling rig described above and in the following, corresponding methods, apparatus, and / or products. Each aspect may yield one or more of the benefits and advantages described in connection with the other aspects, and each may have one or more embodiments corresponding to the embodiments described in connection with one of the other aspects and / or disclosed in the appended claims.
    In particular, according to one aspect disclosed herein is an offshore drilling rig comprising: - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well center; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centers; - one or more tubular feeding apparatus operable to feed tubular equipment from a storage position to at least one of the one or more hoisting systems; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance / transfer position on a maintenance / transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centers; and wherein the riser handling apparatus comprises at least one riser handling device different from the one or more tubular feeding apparatus.
    The tubular feeding apparatus may comprise horizontal and / or vertical pipe handling equipment. The horizontal pipe handling equipment may be any suitable apparatus or device for moving tubules in a horizontal orientation, e.g. in the axial direction of the tubular. Examples of horizontal pipe handling equipment include catwalk machines, such as catwalk shuttles. The vertical pipe handling equipment may be any suitable apparatus or device for moving tubulars in a vertical orientation. Examples of vertical pipe handling equipment include column rackers, hydraulic rackers, and other types of rackers, hydraulic arms, gantry cranes, etc. or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the drilling rig comprises pipe feeding equipment configured to advance drill pipes from a pipe storage location towards the well center. The pipe storage may be located on one side of the well center. The riser storage area may be located on a different side, e.g. opposite the pipe storage location. Accordingly, a riser feeding equipment may be arranged to feed riser joints from the riser storage area to the well center, e.g. using an inclined chute when the riser storage area is recessed relative to the drill floor and / or main deck and laterally positioned in close proximity e.g. immediately next to the mast.
    When the riser handling apparatus comprises more than one machine or component, one or some of these components may also be operable to feed riser joints from the riser storage area to the hoisting system. For example, the riser handling machine may comprise a gantry crane or similar device for laterally moving riser joints in upright orientation between a storage position and different transport positions; one transport position may be a tilt position as described herein while another, different, transport position may be a chute for feeding riser joints upward to the well center. When all elements of the riser handling apparatus are different from any tubular feeding mechanism that is operable to feed tubular equipment other than riser joints to the well center, a loading / offloading and / or maintenance of riser joints is facilitated even during ongoing drilling operations involving tubular equipment other than risers. Even when part of the riser handling equipment is also used for feeding riser joints to the well center, interference with drilling operations may be kept to a minimum.
    In some embodiments, the riser storage area is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the mast and recessed relative to the drill floor, thus allowing feeding of risers via a chute, e.g. an inclined chute towards the well center where the hoisting system can pick up the riser joint. Consequently, moving a riser joint from the storage position to the well center does not involve tilting the riser joint into a prostrate position. Consequently, the second riser handling equipment operable to tilt the riser joint is not needed for feeding the riser joints to the well center, and tilting of riser joints to the maintenance / transfer position may be performed without significant interference with the running of risers or other drilling operations.
    According to one aspect, disclosed herein is an offshore drilling rig comprising: - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well center; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centers; - one or more cranes, such as a mast crane, pedestal crane, or knuckleboom crane, operable to move tubular equipment across at least a portion of a main deck of the offshore drilling rig and / or operable to lift tubular equipment such as riser joints off the drilling rig; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems and different from said cranes, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance / transfer position on a maintenance / transfer area , which movement path does not intersect any of the well centers.
    Hence, the movement of riser joints between their storage position and a maintenance / transfer position does not require large deck cranes such as knuckleboom cranes. Hence, these may be used for other operations parallel to the riser movement between storage and maintenance / transfer positions, e.g. for lifting riser joints between the maintenance / transfer position and a supply vessel. Moreover movement of riser joints may be performed in a safe and efficient manner.
    According to one aspect, disclosed herein is an offshore drilling rig comprising: - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well center; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centers; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; at least one end of each of the marine riser joints, when stored in upright orientation at their respective storage positions, is located at a level below said maintenance / transfer position; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance / transfer position on a maintenance / transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centers; whereas the riser handling apparatus is operable to move a marine riser joint in upright orientation from its storage position to a tilting position; Where, at the tilting position, at least one end of the marine riser joint is located at a level below an upper end of the riser joint when the riser joint is in its storage position; and where the riser handling apparatus is operable to tilt the marine riser joint from the upright orientation at the tilting position to a prostrate orientation.
    Hence, the movement of riser joints between the storage and the maintenance / transfer position does not require cranes that have a lift capacity and height sufficient for lifting a riser joint in vertical orientation above and across the main deck. Moreover, the movement of riser joints is performed efficiently and safely.
    In some embodiments, at the tilting position, at least one end of the marine riser joint is located at a level below said maintenance / transfer position. Furthermore, in some embodiments, during movement from the storage to the tilt position, at least one end of the marine riser joint is located at a level below an upper end of the riser joint when the riser joint is in its storage position and / or below said maintenance / transfer position.
    From time to time, marine riser joints have to undergo maintenance operations, such as scheduled maintenance operations or maintenance occasioned by detected damages, malfunction, and wear and tear of the riser joint. Such maintenance operations may take several days and involve disassembly of parts of the riser joint such as removal of Buoyancy elements, and or operations such as sandblasting, paint removal, painting. To this end, marine riser joints are typically brought onshore to an onshore maintenance facility. However, with an increasing desire to increase the length of riser joints, transporting riser joints becomes more and more difficult. In particular, the transport of the riser joints between a harbor and a maintenance facility by truck becomes increasingly difficult. It would thus be desirable to increase the efficiency of the maintenance of riser joints.
    According to one aspect, disclosed herein is an offshore drilling rig comprising: - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well center; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centers; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints; - a maintenance / transfer area comprising a riser maintenance station; - a riser handling apparatus, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints between the storage area and the maintenance station.
    Hence, by providing a riser joints maintenance station on a drilling rig, the need for transporting riser joints from the drilling rig to an onshore maintenance facility is reduced or even eliminated.
    In some embodiments, the riser maintenance station comprises one or more riser manipulation devices, each operable to perform at least one or more of the following operations on a respective marine riser joint while the marine riser joint is located at a prostrate maintenance position at the riser maintenance station: - move the riser joint longitudinally and / or laterally - elevate one or both ends of the marine riser joint -rotate the riser joint around its longitudinal axis.
    In some embodiments, the riser maintenance station comprises a device operable to remove one or more Buoyancy elements from the marine riser joint while the marine riser joint is located at the maintenance station. Furthermore, the maintenance station may comprise one or more riser maintenance machines operable to perform one or more maintenance operations on a riser joint, such as sandblasting equipment, riser inspection equipment insertable into the riser joint, and / or the like.
    Consequently, efficient handling of the riser during maintenance is facilitated so as to allow personnel and / or equipment to access the riser from all sides.
    In some embodiments, the maintenance station comprises a protective enclosure shaped and sized to accommodate one or more riser joints in a prostrate position separated from each other so as to allow service personnel to access each of the one or more riser joints from both lateral sides of the riser joint. Hence, the riser joint and maintenance crew is protected against humidity and bad weather during maintenance, and the surroundings of the maintenance station are protected from being adversely affected from e.g. sandblasting or other operations. The enclosure may be a housing completely enclosing the riser or it may be a structure that encloses the circumference of the riser joint but which has one or two open ends, or ends covered by doors or the like. The enclosure may have one or more closable access openings to allow riser joints to be moved into and out of the enclosure. For example, the access openings may be in the form of doors or hatches and / or a portion of the roof or wall that may be slidable or that may otherwise be opened. In some embodiments the enclosure may be collapsed, folded, or otherwise reduced in shape when not in use. For example, the enclosure may comprise a number of separately slidable sections which may be slid into one another when not in use so as to free up deck space for other uses.
    The riser maintenance station may be located on the main deck or another suitable operational deck or even under deck within the hole of the drilling rig. In some embodiments, the storage area comprises a riser bay recessed relative to an operational deck, e.g. the main deck, of the drilling rig, the riser bay having a floor and side walls connecting the floor and the operational deck; The maintenance station is located on a level below said operational deck, and the drilling rig comprises a passage from the floor of the riser bay and the maintenance station, e.g. a passage allowing an axial movement of a riser joint from the storage area to the maintenance station. The maintenance station may be located on the same level as the floor of the riser bay or on a different level, e.g. on a level between the floor level of the storage area and the operational deck or even below the floor level of the storage area.
    The riser maintenance station may be shaped and sized so as to allow a single riser joint or several riser joints, e.g. no more than 2, e.g. no more than 3, e.g. no more than 4 or even more riser joints to be placed inside the enclosure spaced apart far enough from each other that maintenance personnel and machines may access each riser joint from all sides. In particular, there may be a distance of at least 1 m, e.g. at least 1.5 m between adjacent riser joints and / or between a riser joint and a side wall of the enclosure. In some embodiments the riser joints may be located in separate enclosures or separate parts of a single enclosure. When the enclosure is adapted to accommodate several riser joints, the maintenance station may comprise multiple riser manipulation devices so as to allow concurrent work on multiple riser joints.
    It will be appreciated that a riser maintenance station as described herein may be used on drilling rigs where riser joints are stored in upright orientation as well as on rigs with prostrate riser joint storage.
    Further disclosed herein are embodiments of riser tilt equipment for tilting the riser joints from their upright storage position in the riser bay into a prostrate position for maintenance, either on the floor of the riser bay or on the main deck or other deck elevated from a riser bay floor.
    In particular, according to one aspect disclosed herein is a riser handling apparatus for moving a marine riser joint between an upright orientation and a prostrate orientation, the apparatus comprising an elongated support member for receiving and supporting at least a portion of the length of the marine riser joint, the support member being pivotally arranged around a pivot axis, and a drive mechanism configured to pivot the support member and a marine riser joint supported by the support member between an upright orientation where the riser is positioned on a first surface and a prostrate orientation where the riser is positioned on a second surface elevated relative to the first surface.
    The pivot axis may be fixed relative to the elongated support; alternatively the elongated support may be operable to move axially during the pivoting. The support member may support the entire length of the riser joint or a major portion of it at least 50%, e.g. at least 75%, e.g. at least 85%.
    The first surface may be at or near a riser bay floor as slightly elevated or recessed from the riser bay floor as described above. Similarly, the second surface may be at or near the main deck level, e.g. as described above. In some embodiments, the second level may be elevated above the main deck or it may be at a level between the first level and the main deck. For example, the maintenance / transfer bay may generally be provided at a level above e.g. directly above the level of the upper ends of the riser joints stored in upright position in the storage area so as to facilitate lifting the riser joint off the maintenance / transfer position by a crane. The support member may design one or more attachment devices, such as a clamp, a grapper, and / or a protrusion extending into a central tube of the riser joint, to secure the riser joint during the pivot operation.
    According to yet another aspect disclosed herein is a riser handling apparatus for moving a marine riser joint between an upright storage position on a storage surface and a prostrate maintenance / transfer surface elevated from the storage surface, the apparatus comprising: - a first hoisting device comprising an attachment device configured for attachment to a first end of a marine riser joint stored in its upright storage position, where a second end of the riser joint is positioned proximal to the storage surface; the first hoisting device being operable to move a marine riser joint in upright orientation from its storage position to a tilting position; - a second hoisting device located at the tilting position and comprising attachment device for receiving a second end of a marine riser joint suspended at its first end from said first hoisting device; The second hoisting system is operable to elevate the second end of the marine riser joint to the maintenance / transfer surface while and / or after the first end of the marine riser joint is moved to the maintenance / transfer surface.
    The attachment device for attachment to a first end of a marine riser joint may be a gripper or clamp of a crane, e.g. and gantry crane. The attachment device for receiving a second end of a marine riser joint may be a gripper or clamp similar to the attachment device for attachment to a first end of a marine riser joint, just oriented in the opposite direction, or another suitable device for securing the second end to the hoisting device. The hoisting device may comprise a hydraulic device, a drawer or other suitable device for lifting the second end of the marine riser joint.
    Brief description of the drawings
    FIG. 1 shows a semi-submersible drilling rig.
    FIG. 2 shows an example of a riser tilting apparatus where the riser joint is pivoted around a pivot axis.
    FIG. 3 shows an example of a riser tilting apparatus where the riser joint is placed on the floor of a riser bay.
    Figs. 4a-f show an example of a riser tilting apparatus.
    FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a riser enclosure placed on a deck of a drilling rig.
    FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a riser enclosure placed inside the hole of a drilling rig.
    FIG. 7 illustrates an example of walkways providing access to a riser.
    FIG. 8 (a, b, c) shows examples of handling a riser in a horizontal position.
    FIG. 9 shows an example of a riser support mechanism.
    FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of an example of a riser handling apparatus.
    FIG. 11 schematically illustrates different examples of a deck layout of a drilling rig.
    FIG. 1 shows a semi-submersible drilling rig 100 and how the riser joints 105 are loaded from a supply vessel 107 onto the rig, placed horizontally on the maintenance / transfer bay 106 at an edge of a riser bay 104, and then tilted into upright position by the riser handling apparatus 108, and stored in upright position in the riser bay 104. The riser joints may be moved between the vessel 107 and the maintenance / transfer bay 106 by a crane (not shown in Fig. 1) such as a knuckle boom crane, of the drilling rig.
    In this example the drilling rig 100 is a semisubmersible drilling rig but other rig types using vertical storage of riser joints are also feasible. The rig 100 comprises pontoons (not shown) from which support columns 123 extend upward, and a topside platform 124 supported by columns 123. During operation, the drilling rig floats on the ocean surface with the pontoons under the water and the support columns extending out of the water such that the topside platform is elevated above the water. To this end, the pontoons may be filled with ballast water so as to cause the rig to be submersed to the desired level.
    The topside platform comprises a main deck 125 and a drill floor deck 126 arranged elevated from the main deck. In other embodiments, the drill floor deck may be on the same level as the main deck.
    FIG. 1 further shows the mast 103 including the main hoisting system for raising / lowering tubular equipment through the well center, a pipe setback area 102 for drill pipes and catwalk machines 101 for advancing drill pipes to the mast 103. As can be seen, the loading / offloading of the riser joints from / to a supply vessel 107 does not involve the mast 103 or the catwalk machines 101, ie does not interfere with the drilling operation because the machines handling drill pipe and / or casing are not substantially affected. The drilling rig of FIG. 1 further comprises an accommodation structure 127 for the drill crew and other personnel. The accommodation structure is positioned right next to the riser bay 104, i.e. the riser bay 104 is sandwiched between the mast 103 and the accommodation structure 127. It will be appreciated that, the deck layout may be different from the example of FIG. 1. Flowever, it is generally desirable to provide efficient utilization of the limited space on a drilling rig and often the riser storage area is positioned in close proximity to other structures. It is therefore desirable to facilitate riser handling that does not require unnecessary space and that interferes only little, if at all, with other operations, in particular the drilling operation. While other positions of the riser storage are possible as well, when the riser storage area is located directly next to the mast as in the example of FIG. 1, riser joints may be fed efficiently to the well center, e.g. using a chute. When tubulars other than riser joints, such as drill pipes, are stored on another side of the mast 103, e.g. a side opposite from the riser joints as in FIG. 1, a particularly efficient handling of tubulars is provided and concurrent handling of drill pipes and riser joints is further facilitated.
    FIG. 2 shows an example of a riser tilting apparatus where a riser joint is pivoted around a pivot axis 212 and placed on the main deck while supported by a pivotable, elongated support member 213. The elongated support member 213 has mounting elements 215 at its respective ends that laterally extend from the support element. The mounting elements may be operable to elevate the riser joint in its vertical position and / or to rotate the riser joint around its axis.
    FIG. 3 shows an example of a riser tilting apparatus where the riser joint is lowered onto the floor of the riser bay 104, typically using a gantry crane 309 that traverses the riser bay. During the tilt operation, the upper end of the riser joint may be suspended from and supported by the gantry crane 309. To this end, the gantry crane comprises a grapping tool 313 or another suitable attachment tool for attachment to an end of the riser joint. allowing the riser joint to be lifted and moved. The riser joint is moved to the tilting apparatus and the lower end of the riser joint is attached to a pivoting mount 310 positioned at or near the floor of the riser bay, e.g. at or near a side wall of the riser bay. During this movement, the riser joint only needs to be elevated from the floor of the riser bay sufficiently high so as to allow free movement of the riser joint in its upright orientation across the floor of the riser bay. After being fastened to the pivoting mount 310, the gantry crane 309 guides the riser joint downwards in a tilting motion as indicated by arrows 311 and 312, such that the riser joint ends up resting on the floor of the riser bay 104. To this end , the grapping tool 313 may comprise a pivotable element, eg as illustrated in fig. 3. In some embodiments, once the riser joint is positioned in the floor of the riser bay, it may be axially moved e.g. through an opening in one of the side walls of the riser bay and into a maintenance station.
    In some embodiments, having the riser joint fixed at both ends provides for controlled flipping motion. It is typical for drilling vessels having vertical riser storage that a gantry crane is used to pick up riser joints from the storage position and to transport them in upright orientation towards the drill floor / well center. In some embodiments the same gantry crane is used to perform the function of the gantry crane 309. However, compared to a conventional gantry crane for handling risers, the gantry crane 309 has an extended reach to allow the riser grapping tool 313 to be extended further towards the bottom of the riser bay. In some embodiments the grapping tool can be operated in a vertical range of more than 1 meter, such as more than 5 meters, such as more than 10 meters, such as more than 15 meters, such as more than 20 meters, such as more than 25 meters. In some embodiments the gantry crane 309 is arranged so that the riser grapping tool allows tilt of grappled riser joint of about 90 degrees. In some embodiments a separate gripping tool is mounted for moving risers towards the drill floor with little or no allowance for tilting the riser and the flipping operation with a greater allowance for tilting such as at least up to 90 degrees. In some embodiments an overhead crane, such as a knuckle-boom crane, performs the function of the gantry crane 309.
    FIG. 4 shows another example of a riser tilting apparatus. During the tilt operation, the upper end 410 of the riser joint may be fastened to and suspended from a gantry crane 309 which transverses the riser bay 104 where it is understood that the gantry crane 309 may share one or more of the features discussed in relation to the gantry crane of Fig. 3.The lower end of the riser joint is supported and lifted by an elevator 411. Hence, as illustrated in FIG. 4a, the riser joint is first moved in upright orientation from its storage position onto a riser elevator 411 which may slide one end of a riser 105 between a position on the floor of the riser bay 104 and up to or above the main deck level 125 or another operational deck of the platform. The elevator is lifted, while the gantry crane 309 lowers the upper end of the riser joint so as to tilt the riser joint into horizontal position, as illustrated in Figs. 4b-4e. Finally, the riser joint is moved axially to the maintenance / transfer position as illustrated in FIG. 4f. While Figs. 4b-e illustrate a process where the elevator 411 is lifted competitively with the lowering of the gantry crane 309, it will be appreciated that, alternatively, the gantry crane may initially lower the upper end of the riser joint while the elevator remains in its bottom position, eg similar to the tilting operation shown in fig. 3. Once in a horizontal orientation, the gantry crane and elevator may then be lifted so as to raise the riser joint while in horizontal orientation.
    FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a riser enclosure 501 placed on a deck 125 of a drilling rig. When the riser 105 has been moved to a horizontal position it can be enclosed to accommodate various tasks being performed on the riser. Such an enclosure may be used to protect people working on the riser from adverse weather but may also be applied to shield operations such as sand blasting and painting. The enclosure may be located on, for example, the main deck 125. In this example, the enclosure is shown in conjunction with the riser tilting apparatus of FIG. 2, but it might as well be used with other embodiments of riser tilting apparatus, for example, but not limited to, the ones shown in FIG. 3 and 4. The shape, size and exact location may vary accordingly, for instance the enclosure may be expandable, have a telescopic functionality to accommodate and / or be removable. In some embodiments, the enclosure can be opened or removed to allow a riser joint to be moved in or out in the horizontal position. In some embodiments the enclosure is elevated above the main deck 125 along with the riser joint when placed in the horizontal position e.g. to allow for instance a forklift to pass under.
    FIG. 6 illustrates another example of storing a riser 105 horizontally in an enclosed space 601 with the purpose of performing various tasks on the riser. In this example, the riser joint 105 is elevated and moved to a horizontal position. It is then moved axially into the hull of the platform 124 through a designated hatch 602 in the riser storage bay wall into a closed compartment 601 inside the platform. It should be noted that several degrees of enclosure closure can be achieved, i.e. by moving the riser further or less into the hole 124, so the riser is either fully or partially enclosed. In one embodiment the riser is placed partially in the compartment in the hull and a removable / collapsible enclosure is used to enclose the entire riser. It will be further appreciated that the closed compartment 601 may be provided at different levels relative to the main deck and relative to the floor of the riser bay. For example, the closed compartment may be located at the same level as the floor of the riser bay, thus allowing the riser joint to be axially moved into the compartment, once the riser joint has been lowered on the floor of the riser bay, e.g. as described in connection with FIG. 3 above, without the need for lifting the riser joint to another level. In jet another embodiment the riser joint may be lowered into an enclosed space below the floor of the riser bay, e.g. by an elongated elevator; or through an elongated hatch in the floor of the riser bay.
    FIG. 7 illustrates an example of walkways providing access to a riser 105 placed horizontally on a drilling rig 100. In order to perform various tasks requiring the presence of personnel, a means of accessing the entire length of the riser is often desirable. In this example, the walkway 701 is fixed to the elongated support member 213 as described in Fig 2 and located on the main deck 125. In this example the enclosure is shown in conjunction with the riser tilting apparatus of Fig. 2, but might as well be used with other embodiments of riser tilting apparatus, for example but not limited to, the ones shown in FIG. 3 and 4. Walkways are relevant in the case where e.g. the riser has a full or partial overhang, for example over the riser bay 104, or if the horizontal maintenance / transfer position of the riser is elevated from the deck.
    The access ways as shown in FIG. 7 may be fixed rigidly to a support structure as shown, but other solutions may also be applied, e.g. the walkways may be moved into place by means of a skid or rail system, by being lifted in place by a crane or lifting system or it could be foldable (such as folding up along the sides of the elongated support member) to save space in the support structure's vertical position.
    FIG. 8 (a, b, c) shows examples of handling a riser in a horizontal position. When the riser is placed in a horizontal position, there are several ways of manipulating it in order to perform the desired tasks. In some embodiments the riser is placed in a handling apparatus 803 capable of lifting and / or rotating the riser. In some embodiments the functionality of the handling apparatus is integrated into the maintenance / transfer bay. In some embodiments, the functionality of the handling apparatus integrated into the elevator of FIG. 4 or the elongated support member which in some embodiments acts as the maintenance / transfer bay when the riser is held in the horizontal orientation / position. In FIG. 8a the riser 105 is resting on a bed 801 which is connected to mounting elements 802, 804 mounted at each end of the riser. In some embodiments, one or more of the mounting elements 802, 804 are removable from the bed 801 for instance to provide a more compact arrangement when the handling apparatus is not in use. In some embodiments the mounting elements 802, 804 comprise riser grapping / stabbing tools and being arranged for engagement / disengagement with the riser placed on the bed 801, thus allowing the riser to be lifted in or out of the bed 801 in a horizontal position.
    FIG. 8b shows the riser elevated by means of the mounting elements 802. In this position the entire outer geometry of the riser is accessible for instance to allow 360 degree inspection of the riser, to allow removal and / or mounting of buoyancy elements, painting and / or sand blasting.
    FIG. 8c illustrates an alternative means of achieving the above described movement options. By means of a gantry crane 309 pinning the riser at one end, and a mounting element 802 pinning it at the other, the riser can be elevated and rotated. A bed (not shown) similar to the bed 801 can also be included to allow the riser to be lifted in or out of the bed 801 in a horizontal position. When the riser is placed in the horizontal position via methods using the gantry crane 309 without an elongated support member 213 the bed 801 may be removable to allow the riser to be positioned vertically in the bay as well as being lifted in or out of the bed 801 in horizontal position. It will be appreciated, though not explicitly shown in fig. 8, that the handling apparatus may be enclosed or enclosed in an enclosure, e.g. as described in connection with FIG. 5 or 6.
    FIG. 9 shows an example of a riser support mechanism 901. A riser is shown to be elevated along the way to the maintenance / transfer bay 106 (not shown), for example in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 4 where it is located at the top of the riser bay 104 and level with the maintenance / transfer bay - in this case also the main deck. In many cases, the riser will be raised at least a little from the main deck 125 to allow for a bed 801. To allow the riser to be shifted onto the maintenance / transfer bay, a device 901 is provided with an arm structure 903 rotating a support member 902 out over the riser bay and shifts under the riser 105 to provide support. This allows the riser elevator to remove its support from the riser and to slide out of the way to allow the riser, now supported by the support member, to slide onto main deck 125. Alternative embodiments performing the described support function include a sliding skid system embedded in the main deck, a dedicated support device moving parallel to the edge of the riser bay or allowing the support structure of the riser elevator 411 to skid onto the main deck 125 or maintenance / transfer bay 106.
    FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a riser handling apparatus 1001 similar to the apparatus of FIG. 2 and operable as a maintenance / transfer bay where the riser joint 105 can be elevated and rotated for maintenance as indicated by arrow 1002 and arrow 1003, allowing for removal of buoyancy elements 1004. FIG. 10 further illustrates how a riser joint may be lifted (arrow 1005) onto the apparatus by a crane (eg when offloading the riser joint from a supply ship), and how the riser joint can be tilted into upright position for storage in the riser bay (arrows 1006 and 1007).
    FIG. 11 schematically illustrates different examples of a deck layout of a drilling rig 100 where the maintenance / transfer position 1101 is positioned at different locations. The deck layout shows the position of the main mast 103 above the well center, the riser bay 104, storage areas 1102 for drill pipes, deck cranes 1103, and the maintenance / transfer bay 1101. The given position serves to illustrate examples, other variations may also apply. The deck cranes 1103 may e.g. be used for offloading / loading riser joints between the maintenance / transfer position 1101 and a supply vessel. As can be seen in FIG. 11, the riser joints are stored side by side, e.g. supported by fingerboards or another suitable arrangement. The storage positions are arranged such that they leave passageways 1106, 1105 allowing riser joints to be moved in upright orientation towards the well center along passageway 1105 and toward the tilting position 1107 along passageway 1106. In particular, when the titling position is located in longitudinal extension of or at a longitudinal end of a straight passageway, the tilting of the riser joint is facilitated without interfering with other, stored riser joints.
    FIG. 12 shows an example of a riser tilting apparatus similar to that of FIG. 2. Flowever in this case the elongated support member 213 is extendable in the axial direction as shown by arrow 1202 so that the top mounting element 1201 can raise a riser joint mounted in apparatus. A lower mounting element (similar to mounting element 215, not shown) is optional but can be arranged to follow the riser joint upwards as the support member extends. Alternatively the elongated support is telescopic and optionally without the lower mounting. This has the effect that the pivoting point is moved downward relative to and along the riser joint, causing the riser joint to extend further away from the bay when placed in the horizontal position in the maintenance / transfer bay. This may, for example, provide a clearer path for lifting a riser in and out of the riser / maintenance bay.
    The force needed to raise the riser and the support can be supplied by the apparatus e.g. via a lifting cylinders or a pulley system arranged to extend or contract the support member 215. In some embodiments all or part of the external force may be applied by an overhead crane e.g. coupled to the top mounting element 1201. In this way a mechanically simple device is achieved.
    Although some embodiments have been described and shown in detail, the invention is not restricted to them, but may also be embodied in other ways within the scope of the subject matter defined in the following claims. In particular, it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    In device claims enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims or described in different embodiments does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
    It should be emphasized that the term "comprises / includes" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps , components or groups thereof.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1] 1. An offshore drilling rig comprising - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance/transfer position on a maintenance/transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centres; and wherein the prostrate maintenance/transfer position defines an axial direction that does not intersect with any of the one or more well centers.
    [2] 2. An offshore drilling rig according to claim 1; comprising one or more tubular feeding apparatus operable to feed tubular equipment from a storage position to at least one of the one or more hoisting systems; and wherein the riser handling apparatus comprises at least one riser handling device different from the one or more tubular feeding apparatus.
    [3] 3. An offshore drilling rig comprising - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; - one or more tubular feeding apparatus operable to feed tubular equipment from a storage position to at least one of the one or more hoisting systems; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance/transfer position on a maintenance/transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centres; and wherein the riser handling apparatus comprises at least one riser handling device different from the one or more tubular feeding apparatus.
    [4] 4. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of the preceding claims; comprising one or more cranes operable to move tubular equipment across at least a portion of a main deck of the offshore drilling rig; wherein the riser handling apparatus is different from said cranes.
    [5] 5. An offshore drilling rig comprising - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; - one or more cranes operable to move tubular equipment across at least a portion of a main deck of the offshore drilling rig; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems and different from said cranes, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance/transfer position on a maintenance/transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centres.
    [6] 6. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of the preceding claims; wherein at least one end of each of the marine riser joints, when stored in upright orientation at their respective storage positions, is located at a level below said maintenance/transfer position; wherein the riser handling apparatus is operable to move a marine riser joint in upright orientation from its storage position to a tilting position; wherein, at the tilting position, at least one end of the marine riser joint is located at a level below an upper end of the riser joint when the riser joint is in its storage position; and wherein the riser handling apparatus is operable to tilt the marine riser joint from the upright orientation at the tilting position to a prostrate orientation.
    [7] 7. An offshore drilling rig comprising - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints in upright orientation side by side in respective upright storage positions; wherein at least one end of each of the marine riser joints, when stored in upright orientation at their respective storage positions, is located at a level below said maintenance/transfer position; - a riser handling apparatus, different from the hoisting systems, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints along a movement path between its upright storage position and a prostrate maintenance/transfer position on a maintenance/transfer area, which movement path does not intersect any of the well centres; wherein the riser handling apparatus is operable to laterally move a marine riser joint in upright orientation from its storage position to a tilting position; wherein, at the tilting position, at least one end of the marine riser joint is located at a level below an upper end of the riser joint when the riser joint is in its storage position; and wherein the riser handling apparatus is operable to tilt the marine riser joint from the upright orientation at the tilting position to a prostrate orientation.
    [8] 8. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a riser maintenance station, at the maintenance/transfer area.
    [9] 9. An offshore drilling rig comprising - a drill floor deck having one or more holes, each defining a well centre; - one or more masts upwardly extending relative to the drill floor deck, and one or more first hoisting systems, each supported by at least one of the one or more masts and configured for hoisting and lowering tubular equipment through at least one of the one or more well centres; - a storage area for accommodating marine riser joints; - a maintenance/transfer area comprising a riser maintenance station; - a riser handling apparatus, adapted to move at least one of said marine riser joints between the storage area and the maintenance station.
    [10] 10. An offshore drilling rig according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the riser maintenance station comprises a riser manipulation device operable to perform at least one or more of the following operations while the marine riser joint is located at a prostrate maintenance position at the riser maintenance station: - move the riser joint longitudinally and/or laterally - elevate one or both ends of the marine riser joint -rotate the riser joint around its longitudinal axis.
    [11] 11. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of claims 8 through 10, comprising a protective enclosure shaped and sized to accommodate one or more riser joints in prostrate position separated from each other so as to allow service personnel to access each of the one or more riser joints from both lateral sides of the riser joint.
    [12] 12. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of claims 8 through 11, wherein the riser maintenance station comprises a device operable to remove one or more Buoyancy elements from the marine riser joint while the marine riser joint is located at the maintenance station.
    [13] 13. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of the claims 8 through 12, wherein the storage area comprises a riser bay recessed relatively to an operational deck of the drilling rig, the riser bay having a floor and side walls connecting the floor and the operational deck; wherein the maintenance station is located on a level below said operational deck, and wherein the drilling rig comprises a passage from the floor of the riser bay and the maintenance station.
    [14] 14. An offshore drilling rig according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a crane operable to lift the riser joint from the prostrate maintenance/transfer area and to lower the marine riser joint on a transport vessel.
    [15] 15. A riser handling apparatus for moving a marine riser joint between an upright orientation and a prostrate orientation, the apparatus comprising an elongated support member for receiving and supporting at least a part of the length of the marine riser joint, the support member being arranged pivotally around a pivot axis, and a drive mechanism configured to pivot the support member and a marine riser joint supported by the support member between an upright orientation where the riser positioned on a first surface and a prostrate orientation where the riser is positioned on a second surface elevated relative to the first surface.
    [16] 16. A riser handling apparatus for moving a marine riser joint between a upright storage position on a storage surface and a prostrate maintenance/transfer surface elevated from the storage surface, the apparatus comprising: - a first hoisting device comprising an attachment device configured for attachment to a first end of a marine riser joint stored in its upright storage position, where a second end of the riser joint is positioned proximal to the storage surface; the first hoisting device being operable to move a marine riser joint in upright orientation from its storage position to a tilting position; - a second hoisting device located at the tilting position and comprising an attachment device for receiving a second end of a marine riser joint suspended at its first end from said first hoisting device; wherein the second hoisting system is operable to elevate the second end of the marine riser joint to the maintenance/transfer surface while and/or after the first end of the marine riser joint is moved to the maintenance/transfer surface.
    [17] 17. A riser handling apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the first end of the marine riser joint is elevated relative to the maintenance/transfer surface when the marine riser joint is at its upright storage position, and wherein the second hoisting system is operable to elevate the second end of the marine riser joint to the maintenance/transfer surface while and/or after the first end of the marine riser joint is lowered to the maintenance/transfer surface.
    [18] 18. A riser maintenance station for a drilling rig comprising a riser manipulation device operable to perform at least one or more of the following operations while the marine riser joint is located at a prostrate maintenance position at the riser maintenance station: - move the riser joint longitudinally and/or laterally; - elevate one or both ends of the marine riser joint; -rotate the riser joint around its longitudinal axis; -remove or attach one or more Buoyancy elements from/to the marine riser joint.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
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