• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    New device for direct measurement of the charge status of battery cells by means of the electrical resistance of the cell's casing. This new device is able to measure the real amount of energy stored in a cell, whose electrode in contact with the metal casing, is composed of a conductive liquid, as is the case of nickel / sodium chloride battery cells (Ni / NaCl). The aforementioned device uses physical and chemical characteristics to measure the actual amount of energy stored in disadvantage of the estimate obtained with the method currently used (current integration). In other words, in the cell type in question, the energy stored in the cell depends on the height of the column of conductive liquid that is in contact with the metal casing. Thus, the device described here measures the electrical resistance of the enclosure and associates this value with the amount of energy stored in the cell by its state of charge (from the English State Of Charge - SOC). The device presented here brings some benefits, in the sense of: 1) allowing the identification of the aging of the cell; 2) to avoid that the measurement error is cumulative over time and; 3) allow the expansion of the range of energy capacity used.
    公开号:CH711875A2
    申请号:CH01573/16
    申请日:2016-12-01
    公开日:2017-06-15
    发明作者:Dustmann Cord Henrich；Lopes Dos Santos Jeeves；Evangelia Kaninia Maria；Harald Bayer Michael
    申请人:Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu - Brasil；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The present report deals with the detailed description, followed by illustrative figures, of a device for the direct measurement of the state of charge of the cells of the batteries, by means of the electrical resistance of the cell casing.
    [0002] This new device is able to measure the real amount of energy stored in a cell, whose electrode in contact with the metal casing, is composed of a conductive liquid, as is the case of nickel / cell batteries Sodium chloride (Ni / NaCI). The aforementioned device uses physical and chemical characteristics to measure the actual amount of energy stored in disadvantage of the estimate obtained with the method currently used (current integration). In other words, in the cell type in question, the energy stored in the cell depends on the height of the column of conductive liquid that is in contact with the metal casing. Thus, the device described here measures the electrical resistance of the envelope and associates this value with the amount of energy stored in the cell by its state of charge (from the English State Of Charge - SOC). The device presented here brings some benefits, in the sense of: 1) allowing the identification of the aging of the cell; 2) to avoid that the measurement error is cumulative over time and; 3) allow the expansion of the range of energy capacity used.
    [0003] Currently, the use of batteries is the most appropriate solution to the needs of consumers of uninterrupted energy. The problem of the use of counters and sets of batteries is the periodic evaluation of its state of charge so that it is certain of the proper functioning of the same, given that battery leaks would cause serious damage to any system or user. For the verification of the capacity of the banks and the sets of batteries and for the measurement of its charge, the conventional test is used in which the elements are completely discharged on artificial charges such as large capacity rheostats. These conventional tests have a number of disadvantages in its use that affect the success of the battery due to factors such as: 1) the use of batteries during the test execution periods, which occurs on average over four hours; 2) the need to use many cables for connection and disconnection; 3) the long recharge time that damages the availability of the batteries for their immediate use: 4) the high cost of labor and of the equipment used for the test, such as the rheostats, ammeters, direct current clamp, benches of residual batteries; and other.
    [0004] New evaluation methods, faster than the traditional ones and more sophisticated instruments, capable of evaluating the charge state SOC of the banks and sets of batteries in terms of seconds, without resorting to long-term tests, are already available in the State of the art. These new methods satisfy a growing demand for reliability and speed. The device for the direct measurement of the state of charge of the battery cells through the electric resistance of the casing subject of the present patent is included in this category, in the sense of offering the user a device and a modern and effective method for measuring the SOC of a bank or set of batteries.
    [0005] Batteries play an important role in the current technological scenario. Its presence has been known since small applications such as mobile phones, laptops, among others, to large telecommunications and power generation systems using renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. The different technologies existing in batteries also allow its use in various other segments, as a continuous power source for lighting, moving in vehicles and as an aid for improving the quality of electricity in its generation and distribution systems. .
    [0006] For uninterrupted power supply, the batteries are used in UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) which guarantee uninterrupted availability in critical environments such as hospitals, telephone exchanges and others. The use of UPS avoids emissions of pollutants to the detriment of other technologies used, such as diesel generators.
    [0007] For the application of the power source for displacement, there is a growing number of developed vehicles that use electricity for their propulsion. Within them we can find vehicles that mix technology with combustion and electricity to improve efficiency and reduce the emission of harmful gases, as well as others that use purely electricity as a power source, such as bicycles, cars , trains, buses, etc.
    Note that purely electric vehicles do not emit polluting gases.
    [0008] Elements for improving the quality of electricity, batteries can be useful for improving the quality of energy supplied by dealers, as they can reduce the variation in demand over time for the generators and avoiding variations in the amplitude and frequency of the energy that reaches consumers.
    [0009] Batteries, assemblies or battery banks are composed of a group of cells whose composition, quantity and arrangement generate an energy storage capacity that varies between 10-3Wh (milliWatt-hour) and hundreds of 108Wh (MegaWatt -Now). The measurement of the amount of energy stored in these batteries is a key element for its use.
    [0010] The communication of the quantity of stored energy is represented by the so-called state of charge of the SOC battery which is represented as a percentage from 0 to 100% in relation to the total charge of the battery. The SOC allows to estimate the remaining charge for a specific equipment or application, as well as to avoid having a very deep discharge or an overcharge which can cause damage to the battery or even risks for the user.
    [0011] For batteries with cells that have an electrode composed of a conductive liquid that is in contact with the metal casing, as is the nickel / sodium chloride (Ni / NaCI) cado, the most used method to estimate the Battery SOC is known as current integration.
    [0012] The current integration is a method that estimates the amount of energy stored by taking into account all the current that enters and that coming out of the battery through a mathematical integral operation.
    [0013] However, the measurement of the current present uncertainties arising from the sensor used to measure its value. Even using high-precision sensors, the small error that exists is accumulated over time. Accumulation of this error can cause a deep discharge or overcharging of the battery, which can damage it or cause risks for the user. In addition to this, the BMS battery management system (Battery Management System) can block the use of the battery to protect it, believing that it has a charge status not due.
    [0014] As a solution to this problem, the battery charger detects that it is charged when fully charged and communicates it to the BMS. The BMS, for its part, uses this information to clear the error accumulated over time.
    [0015] However, there are applications in which the battery is not fully charged during its use, which does not give the BMS the opportunity to compensate for the error accumulated over time. In this way, batteries that estimate their SOC by the current integration method cannot be used in this type of application.
    [0016] Another problem associated with the SOC estimate for current integration refers to the aging of battery cells. Over time, the amount of energy the cells can store decreases. Thus, when the BMS corrects the SOC error using the information provided by the charger that communicates the complete recharge of the battery, the amount of stored energy is no longer the same when the cells were new. Since the SOC percentage is based on the total energy capacity stored when the cell is new, this can cause the user to discharge the battery beyond what is allowed (deep discharge) which can cause damage to the battery cells. . To mitigate this problem, the BMS of commercial Nickel / Sodium Chloride (Ni / NaCI) batteries limits the discharge of the battery to a high value, typically 20%. The limitation of the discharge protects from the faster deterioration of the battery, but it does not allow to use the capacity available in it.
    [0017] Thus, the device for directly measuring the state of charge of the battery cells through the electric resistance of the casing subject of the present patent has the ability to measure the amount of energy stored in a cell whose electrode, in contact with the The metal casing is composed of a conductive liquid, as is the case of the cells of Nickel / Sodium Chloride (Ni / NaCI) batteries. This device uses physical and chemical characteristics of the cell to measure the real amount of energy stored in disadvantage of the estimate obtained with the method currently used (current integration).
    [0018] Some documents of the patent exist which describe equipment and methods for measuring the state of charge of the batteries, but none of them describes the configuration, the application form and the operation of the device described herein. Among these documents we can highlight the following: [0019] TW 201 327 993 (A) ELECTRODE FOR REDOX FLOW BATTERY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SA-ME, ELECTROLYTE FOR REDOX FLOW BATTERY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, SELECTIVE ION CONCENTRATION METER FOR ELECTROLYTE , METHOD FOR MEASURING SELECTIVE ION CONCENTRATION. This invention relates to a redox flow battery system, more in detail, to a redox flow battery electrode and a method for manufacturing the same of an electrolyte of the system; an ion concentration meter (charge) and an electrolyte concentration meter of the system, which comprises a micro energy-generating hydraulic apparatus, with the inclusion of a turbine with a water rotary propeller introduced by means of a conduit pipe and a generator of direct current (DC) energy, with DC current production by rotation of the turbine wing and a redox flow battery, with the inclusion of a multilayer electrode in which there is a plurality of electrodes with various layers.
    [0020] JPH 04 144 076 (A) CAPACITANCE METER FOR ZN-BR BATTERY. This invention has a device for measuring the residual capacity by determining the mass of an oscillating vibrating tube to measure the condition in which a Zn-br.
    [0021] JPS 58 115 375 (A) RESIDUAL CAPACITY METER OF STORAGE BATTERY. This document presents a meter in a simple and adequate way to determine the residual capacity of a battery for storing energy, by controlling a counter that uses a timer and the response to a discharge factor identified starting from the difference between the exploitation voltage and measurement circuit voltage.
    [0022] JPS 5 491 271 (A) STORAGE BATTERY RESIDUAL QUANTITY METER. This document presents a device for measuring the remaining amount of energy by means of telecontext, using a specific gravity detection electrolyte, which consists of a measuring float, which can move vertically in a guide tube containing a weight in magnetic material and gas for the floatation is a float to keep it above the liquid level, which is integrated with a guide tube containing a transducer to convert the relative distance in the vertical direction in relation to the weight in a measurable electrical quantity.
    [0023] JPS 6 041 778 (A) SPECIFIC GRAVITY METER FOR STORAGE BATTERY ELECTROLYTE. This invention consists of a specific gravity meter for electrolyte of the energy storage battery, providing a specific gravity meter processing signal output circuit with a sensitivity correction circuit and a zero correction circuit. This leads to a detector characterized by high precision and structural permutability.
    [0024] JPH 04 301 379 (A) CAPACITY METER FOR ZINC-BROMINE BATTERY. This document presents a meter for achieving adequate control of a battery, correcting a calculation value to a charge condition with a time measurement value during the flow of a branch current in which the appropriate SOC value can be calculated.
    [0025] JPS 56 148 075 (A) BATTERY DISCHARGE METER. This document presents a meter for the discharge status of the battery, with its value read directly without relating the external discharge conditions with the magnitude of a discharge current, electrolyte temperatures, battery life and the like, compensating indication of the reception meter until the battery voltage drops. Realized through a power source circuit connected to the battery that measures the discharge current of the battery identified by a derivation, a circuit for subtracting the output voltage of a reference generator and the output of a voltage measurement circuit, where the value that is proportional to the voltage drop is measured with a differential amplifier at the derivation voltage output and sends the result to a multiplier circuit.
    [0026] Below we refer to the Figures that accompany this descriptive relationship for a better understanding and illustration of the same, where we see:
    Fig. 1 illustrates the relationship between the amount of accumulated energy and the height of the column of conductive liquid close to the cell envelope, emphasizing the dependence between the SOC of a cell and the height h of the conductive liquid near the envelope, where the SOC can be obtained by a linear function of the height h for a given temperature T.
    Fig. 2 presents the experimental result obtained for a nickel / sodium chloride (Ni / NaCl) cell for four different temperatures. In this fig. 2, the corresponding linear functions for each of the temperatures tested are shown, showing the linear function of the SOC with the resistance of the envelope Rm and the dependence with the temperature T, emphasizing the experimental result for the SOC relationship as a function of four different temperatures: 260 ° C, 280 ° C, 300 ° C and 330 ° C.
    Fig. 3 shows the steps contained in a Lock-in type amplifier, where the voltage output Vout amplifies the component of the input voltage signal Vin with a frequency defined in VREf and ignores the components of other frequencies, functioning as a filter that amplifies the frequency chosen as reference.
    Fig. 4 illustrates the example of some signals deriving from the operation of the Lock-in amplifier presented in fig. 3, highlighting the signals contained in the Lock-in amplifier of fig. 3.
    Fig. 5 illustrates the circuit used to measure the Vdp / Vdm relationship which is proportional to the relation Rm / Rp. The measurement system works by applying an alternating current between the two ends of the cell (points A and B). This alternating current generates a potential difference between the points C and E of the figure (Rp measurement region) and E and D of the figure (Rm measurement region). These two regions (Rp and Rm) generate a small potential difference proportional to the current used and to the resistances Rp and Rm, respectively. These signals are: 1) amplified, 2) multiplied by a reference signal Vs of the current source and 3) filtered. After these operations the voltages Vdp and Vdm are generated, respectively.
    Fig. 6 shows a cell of a commercial nickel / sodium chloride battery used to perform the validation tests of the device of the present invention.
    [0027] A non-limiting preferential embodiment of the present device, object of this patent, is described below, where the configuration, size and application can vary and adapt to each model and type of cell desired; in addition to this, one of the constructive possibilities that lead to the realization of the described object and the way in which it works is described.
    [0028] The device for direct measurement of the state of charge of the battery cells through the electric resistance of the casing subject of the present patent uses physical and chemical characteristics of the cell composing the battery whose electrode, in contact with the metal casing ( typically one of the poles of the cell) is composed of a conductive liquid, as is the case of the cells of nickel / sodium chloride batteries.
    [0029] The amount of energy accumulated in the cell type of the battery is directly linked to the accumulation of conductive liquid in the vicinity of the cell envelope, as shown in fig. 1. That is, the SOC is a function of the height of the column formed by the conductive liquid (h), represented by SOC = / (h) [0030] The dependence between the SOC and the height of the column of the conductive liquid is linear. The greater value that can be attributed to h corresponds to 100%, while the lower value that can be attributed to h corresponds to 0% of the SOC.
    In this context, the device proposed here measures the height h and its value is related to the SOC of the cell. To this end, the concept of electrical resistance is used.
    [0031] Considering that the casing is composed of a conductive material and that the resistance of the conductive liquid of the electrode is low compared to that of the casing, the value of the measured resistance of the casing will change according to the height of the column h. The greater the height h, the lower the resistance measured in the casing (Rm).
    [0032] The relationship between the SOC and the resistance Rm depends on the structure and composition of the cell. In other words, this relationship depends on: the conductivity of the material that makes up the envelope; from the conductivity of the electrode conductive liquid; by the size of the cell; and the current cell temperature.
    [0033] The value of Rm (measured resistance) is also a function of temperature, since the variation of the same leads to the expansion or contraction of the material of the casing. This being the case, the resistance Rm is a function of the height h and of the temperature T, represented by Rm = / 1 (h, T).
    [0034] Thus, the linear function that relates the SOC and the measured resistance Rm must be calibrated for cells with different characteristics. Once the calibration is performed, its result can be used for similar cells. As an example, fig. 2 presents the experimental result obtained for a nickel / sodium chloride based cell for four different temperatures: 260 ° C, 280 ° C, 300 ° C and 330 ° C.
    [0035] Considering that the expansion / contraction effect is significant only in the material of which the casing is constituted, the need to know the cell temperature to determine the SOC value can be avoided. Therefore, a reference resistance Rp (standard resistance) measured in a region in which there is no influence of the conductive liquid in its resistance is measured. Thus, the SOC can be described as a linear function of the relation Rm / RP, represented by SOC = / SOC (Rrr / Rp) [0036] Thus, the device of this invention has as its main purpose the one of measuring the cell SOC. batteries whose electrode in contact with the metal casing is composed of a conductive liquid. This same device can be used to measure the height of a column formed by a conductive liquid inside a metal casing. To this end, it is only necessary to calibrate the device by relating the height of the column of conductive liquid to the resistance measured in the casing.
    [0037] In this situation, the level of conductive liquid (h) is a function of the state of charge of the cell (SOC) and of the temperature T, so we can write that h = / 2 (SOC, T) Ma, the dependence of this function in relation to the temperature is definitely small and can be forgotten.
    [0038] By unifying the functions / 2 and / 1 we can write that: Rm = / 3 (SOC, T).
    [0039] Setting the temperature in T0 the function / 3 becomes invertible turning into a function / το that relates the SOC and the resistance Rm for a given temperature T0. That being the case: SOC = / T0 (Rm) [0040] In this way, the linear function / το must be calibrated for cells with different characteristics. Once the calibration is performed, its result can be used for similar cells.
    [0041] In short, through reasonable assumptions, the / To function can be defined. The assumptions are the following: the temperature dependence in function / 2 is not considered; the resistance of the conductive liquid is not expressive when compared to the resistivity of the material used in the cell's casing; and the temperature distribution in the cell is homogeneous.
    [0042] To measure the resistance Rm, a reference current r is applied in the casing and the difference in potential Vm is measured on the region which incorporates the maximum and minimum height of the conductive liquid column (h). Having said this, Rm can be determined starting from the equation Rm = Vm / IR.
    [0043] In this situation three difficulties can be encountered and surrounded: [0044] The first is the low value of the resistance Rm to be measured, this resistance of the envelope tends to have only a few hundred micro-ohms (μΩ).
    [0045] The second is the influence of the charging current. Since the battery casing is generally used as a negative pole, the current flow between the cell and the application (charging current lt) also passes from the resistance Rm together with the reference current lR, e.
    [0046] The third is the influence of the temperature in the resistance Rm- Here the value of the resistance Rm varies with the temperature variation requiring a curve that relates Rm with the SOC for each temperature.
    [0047] To solve these drawbacks generated by the low Rm value and the influence of the charging current lt is used a Lock-in type signal amplifier, which functions as an amplifier and filter with a reference signal. This type of amplifier generates an advantage in the amplitude of the input signal component Vin with a specific frequency (in this case, the frequency of the reference current Ir) by filtering the other components of the signal, including the effects caused by the charging current 11. .
    [0048] For this device a specific Lock-in amplifier has been developed, consisting of: a circuit with basic operation of four phases through their elements shown in fig. 3. This Lock-in amplifier has: a signal amplifier that widens the input voltage signal Vin to be measured; a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO, from the English Voltage Controled Oscillator), which is the component that generates a sinous signal based on the frequency of the reference VREf signal, a phase detector (PSD, from Phase Sensitive Detector), where this phase detector is implemented through a signal multiplier; and a low-pass filter that filters the components of the signal with a frequency above the established cut-off frequency.
    [0049] The operation of the Lock-in amplifier is shown in fig. 4, which shows an example of the reference signal Vref, of the signal outgoing from the VCO (VVco) and of the input signal Vin. This being the case, in this type of amplifier the output voltage from the amplifier (VAp) is a function of the input voltage and proportional to the amplifier advantage, in which the output voltage from the oscillator is controlled by the voltage VCO (VVco)> and the output voltage from the phase detector - PSD (VPSD) is given by the output of an analog multiplier. That said, the voltage signal at the PSD output (VPSD) is composed of two different frequencies. A date from the sum of the frequencies of the input signal and the reference signal (ws + wr) and another given by the subtraction of this frequency (ws- wr). When the frequency differences match and the signal passes from the low-low filter, the output voltage signal of the Lock-in amplifier (Vout) is obtained with a given amplification gain. Thus, using the voltage signal measured in the region that involves the maximum and minimum height of the conductor liquid column (h), as input (Vin = Vm) = thus the difficulties related to the low resistance Rm and the influence of the charging current lt, having to resolve the influence of the temperature in the resistance value Rm.
    [0050] To outline the dependence caused by the temperature variation, it is possible to use a reference resistance Rp measured on a region that depends only on the temperature (RP (T)), that is, above the maximum level at which the conductive liquid can arrive. Using this resource can obtain a simple linear relationship to measure the battery SOC given by: SOC = / soc (Rm / RP)] ·
    In which / soc is a linear function that needs to be calibrated for a given cell structure and composition.
    [0051] To implement the functionalities to obtain the state of charge of the cell (SOC) a circuit is used whose scheme is illustrated in fig. 5. In the mentioned circuit, five metal wires are soldiers on connection points A, B, C, D and E in the cell.
    [0052] The points A and B correspond to the connections of the metal wires with the cell which allow the flow of the alternating current of reference ls.
    [0053] The pair of connections C and E correspond to the potential meters used to measure the voltage Vp in the reference resistance Rp (resistance of the region of the casing which does not come into contact with the conductive liquid), originating from the current passing through the 'cell envelope (reference current ls plus the charge current of the cell / J. Finally, the pair of extensions E and D correspond to the potential meters used to measure the voltage Vm in the measurement resistance Rm (resistance of the region that incorporates the maximum and minimum heights h of the column formed by the conductive liquid), originated by the current that passes into the cell's casing.
    [0054] The circuit shown in fig. 5 has two identical Lock-in amplifiers. The first has as input signal the voltage Vp measured on the reference resistance Rp and the second has as input signal the voltage Vm measured on the measurement resistance Rm.
    [0055] Making a comparison between the circuit of fig. 5 and the operating scheme of the Lock-in amplifier, in fig. 3, we have that: since the reference current 4 is sinusoidal, the voltage output from the voltage controlled oscillator VCO (Vvco) corresponds to the voltage Vs on the resistance Rs; Γ signal amplifier is implemented with a differential operational amplifier. The phase detector is implemented with the analog multiplier; and the low-pass filter is implemented with a cut-off frequency of less than 20 Hz. In short, by relating the signals of the scheme of fig. 5 with the signals presented in the Lock-in amplifier operating diagram in fig. 3 we have: Vp and Vm which correspond to Vin; Vs corresponds to VVCo and Vdp and Vdm correspond to VOur- Finally we reach the relation SOC = / soc (Vdm / Vdp) So it is observed that SOC is directly proportional to a Vdm / Vdp function.
    [0056] In a preferential form, the device for direct measurement of the state of charge of the cells of the batteries through the electric resistance of the casing subject of the present patent, is a device that measures the resistance in a determined region of the casing and associates this value to the amount of energy stored in the cell through its state of charge (SOC), through the use of at least two Lock-in filter circuits, which measure the resistance of two regions of the cell envelope using a reference current ls applied between the upper end of the cell, by connection A, and the lower end of the cell, through connection B, by a circuit containing a resistance Rs which generates a reference voltage Vs.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    [0057] The two regions measured by the Lock-in filters are delimited by the connections: C, placed immediately under connection A; and E, placed above the greatest height at which the conductive liquid can reach the cell. To measure the reference resistance Rp through the voltage Vp the connections are used: D, placed immediately above the connection B; and E, the measurement resistance Rm through the voltage Vm. [0058] Each of the Lock-in amplifiers is essentially composed of a circuit, which contains a differential amplifier, a phase detector realized through an analog multiplier linked to the reference voltage Vs; and a low-pass filter. [0059] Each of the Lock-in filter amplifiers generates an amplified and filtered signal with voltage respectively Vp and Vm, which are processed through a microprocessor to obtain the result of the measurement of the SOC of the battery. [0060] Thus, the device for direct measurement of the state of charge of the battery cells through the electric resistance of the casing subject of the present patent, which describes a device capable of measuring the amount of energy stored in a battery cell, whose composition uses a conductive liquid such as an electrode and this is in contact with the metal casing, has a new and unique configuration that gives it great advantages in relation to the devices of the same application currently used and devices on the market. Among these advantages we can mention: [0061] The fact of allowing the elimination of the cumulative measurement error over time, since this device has the ability to measure the real amount of energy stored in the cell. In this way, there is no dependence of the accuracy of the current sensor used in the current integration method. Thus, the use of this device allows to renounce the need to totally recharge the battery periodically to compensate for the eroded accumulated over time and the battery with this device can be used in applications that do not completely recharge the battery; [0062] The fact of having an extension of the capacity range of the energy used: In the battery mentioned as an example nickel / sodium chloride, the range of energy capacity used by the cells is 20% to 100%, that is, only 80 % of energy storage capacity is actually exploited. This limitation is used to prevent a deep discharge induced by the SOC estimation error, both for the uncertainty of the current sensor and for the aging of the cell. Since the present invention communicates the actual amount of stored energy, it is possible to make the most of the capacity of the batteries since it is safe to increase the energy capacity to be effectively exploited; [0063] The fact of allowing to identify the aging of the cell: considering that knowing the real amount of energy stored in the cell, it is possible to measure the fall in its charge capacity, which characterizes its aging. By identifying this aging, the batteries can be redirected to other applications whose use characteristics (longer charge and discharge cycles with lower current amplitude) can prolong the useful life of the battery. [0064] Thus, due to the characteristics of con figuration and operation described above, we can clearly see that the DEVICE FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE CHARGE STATE OF BATTERY CELLS THROUGH THE ENVELOPE'S ELECTRIC RESISTANCE, is a new device for the State of the Technology that it is covered by the conditions of innovation, inventive activity and unprecedented industrialization, which make it deserve the Privilege of the invention patent. claims
    1. DEVICE FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE CHARGING STATE OF BATTERY CELLS THROUGH THE ENVELOPE'S ELECTRIC RESISTANCE, a device capable of measuring the amount of energy stored in a battery cell whose composition uses a conductive liquid such as an electrode and this is a contact with the metal casing, whereby the device measures electrical resistance in a specific region of the casing and associates this value with the amount of energy stored in the cell through its State of Charge (SOC), characterized by a device which measures resistance in a given region of the envelope and associates this value with the amount of energy stored in the cell through its state of charge (SOC), through the use of at least two Lock-in filter circuits, which measure the resistance of two regions of the cell envelope using a reference current ls applied between the east upper end of the cell, by connection A, and the lower end of the cell, through connection B, by a circuit containing a resistance Rs which generates a reference voltage Vs.
    [2]
    2. DEVICE FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE CHARGING STATE OF BATTERY CELLS THROUGH THE ENVELOPE'S ELECTRIC RESISTANCE, according to claim 1, characterized by the presentation of at least two parallel Lock-in amplifiers, where the two regions measured by the Lock- in are delimited by the connections: C, placed immediately under connection A; and E, placed above the greatest height at which the conductive liquid can reach the cell. To measure the reference resistance Rp through the voltage Vp; the connections are used: D, placed immediately above connection B; and E, the measurement resistance Rm through the voltage Vm.
    [3]
    3. DEVICE FOR THE DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE CHARGING STATE OF BATTERY CELLS THROUGH ELECTRIC RESISTANCE OF THE SOCKET, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each of the Lock-in amplifiers is essentially composed of a circuit, containing an amplifier. differential, a phase detector realized through an analog multiplier linked to the reference voltage Vs; and a low-pass filter, with generation of an amplified and filtered signal with voltage Vp and Vm respectively, which are processed to obtain the measure of the SOC of the battery.
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