• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a dowel (11) for fastening in a thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) with a hollow shaft (13) having a first and second end (15, 17) and a sealing area (19) at the second end (17) of the shaft, which can be positively received in a drill hole in the plaster layer of the ETICS. The sealing area is realized by a sealing element (19) arranged at the second end (17).
    公开号:CH711589B1
    申请号:CH01281/16
    申请日:2016-09-29
    公开日:2020-07-31
    发明作者:maag Stefan
    申请人:Dosteba Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of invention
    The invention relates to a dowel according to the preamble of claim 1, a set of egg-nem dowels and an insertion aid according to claim 17 and a method for fastening a dowel according to the preamble of claim 18.
    State of the art
    Various fasteners are known from the prior art for attaching objects to a Wäimedämmverbundsystem (ETICS) without the attachment protruding into the supporting layer behind the ETICS. Accordingly, such fastenings are only suitable for moderately heavy objects, as the strength of the ETICS, i.e. the plaster layer and the thermal insulation behind it, limits the load-bearing capacity.
    [0003] For example, so-called screw anchors or insulation material anchors, which have a thread height that increases sharply away from the tip, are known. However, such dowels cause relatively great damage to the plaster layer. Furthermore, the sealing of the plaster layer against external weather influences is not satisfactory.
    Holding systems are also known which, by means of a special hot air device, melt a cavity in the thermal insulation following the plaster layer. This cavity is sprayed with an injection compound, creating an adhesive collar behind the plaster layer. However, the production of the cavity is very complex. In addition, a separate hot air device must be purchased for this. This system also only works with fusible thermal insulation.
    From DE 10 2011 002 165 A1 an expansion dowel for an ETICS is known, which is expanded in the thermal insulation layer and engages behind the plaster layer of the ETICS without play. As a result, the expansion plug uses the strength of the plaster layer and the connection between the plaster layer and the thermal insulation for fastening. However, since the expansion plug can only slightly reach behind the plaster layer, the load-bearing capacity is low.
    Object of the invention
    From the disadvantages of the described prior art results in the present invention initiating task to develop a generic attachment to a thermal insulation system, which can be done quickly and with the least possible damage to the plaster layer and has an improved load-bearing capacity and seal against the thermal insulation.
    description
    [0007] Dowels for fastening in a composite thermal insulation system have a hollow shaft into which a screw can be screwed. The shaft has first and second ends. A sealing area is provided at the second end of the shaft so that no moisture can penetrate the ETICS in the area of the anchor. The sealing area can be realized by a sealing element arranged at the second end. This sealing element enables pressure to build up in the thermal insulation around the dowel without the drill hole acting as a leak. This tightness is used so that a 1- or 2-component adhesive can penetrate deeply into the thermal insulation. Open-pored or porous materials, for example expanded polystyrene or mineral wool, into which the adhesive can penetrate more easily, are therefore used as thermal insulation. The sealing element is therefore preferably designed to seal the borehole with excess pressure from a liquid adhesive. The overpressure of the adhesive in the ETICS is generated by injecting it into the dowel, for example with a cartridge gun. The adhesive, which is injected through the dowel, cannot escape back out of the ETICS through the drill hole, but has to penetrate the thermal insulation. It has been found that there is sufficient oxygen in the open-pored thermal insulation for a 1-component adhesive to harden. The 2-component adhesive hardens without the presence of oxygen in the thermal insulation.
    The object in the case of a dowel of the generic type is achieved in that at least one outlet opening is provided at the second end of the shaft. This position of the outlet opening enables the adhesive to penetrate particularly deeply into the thermal insulation just below the plaster layer, since the pressure of the injected adhesive is greatest at the beginning. Once the adhesive has penetrated the thermal insulation, the adhesive hardens and forms an adhesive collar in the thermal insulation. The adhesive collar ensures that the anchor does not tear out of the ETICS and is stabilized in its position. The position of the at least one outlet opening enables the adhesive collar to be particularly wide directly behind the plaster layer. This leads to a particularly high stability and tear-proofing of the adhesive dowel.
    Because the at least one outlet opening is preferably provided at a short distance from the sealing element at the second end, the pressure with which the adhesive enters the thermal insulation is greatest at the transition from the plaster layer to the thermal insulation and the penetration depth is in largest in this area. The adhesive forms a substantially conical adhesive collar around the dowel. This means that the anchor is particularly firmly anchored in the ETICS.
    A plurality of outlet openings is preferably arranged on the circumference of the second end. The outlet openings are preferably arranged symmetrically along the circumference of the dowel. This allows the adhesive to penetrate the thermal insulation as evenly and rotationally symmetrically as possible.
    The invention is preferably characterized in that the sealing element and the shaft are made of different plastics, the sealing element preferably consisting of a thermoplastic elastomer. The shaft provides the necessary stability for the dowel, whereas the sealing element is elastic enough to seal the drilled hole in the area of the plaster layer against an outflow of adhesive. The sealing element can also be made of a rubber material. The shaft and its tip are preferably injection molded from a glass fiber reinforced polyamide.
    It has proven expedient if an inlet opening penetrating the sealing element in the longitudinal direction is provided on the sealing element and in which a closure is formed. The closure prevents the adhesive from flowing out of the anchor when it is completely injected into the ETICS.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the closure has the function of a valve in that it can be opened by an overpressure at the inlet opening and can be closed by an overpressure in the cavity of the shaft. The closure therefore allows the adhesive to flow in only one direction, namely into the cavity of the shaft. The closure prevents the adhesive from leaking out of the hollow space of the shaft.
    [0014] The closure is expediently a membrane with at least one predetermined breaking point. The membrane is injection molded in one piece together with the sealing element. The predetermined breaking points break when the adhesive is injected into the inlet opening with pressure. This means that several sectors of the circle can be opened in the direction of flow. The circular sectors can be folded against the direction of flow and close the sealing element when the adhesive injected into the thermal insulation is pressed outwards. Together with the sealing element, the membrane prevents an adhesive that has been injected from escaping from the ETICS. The predetermined breaking points can be arranged anywhere on the membrane, but preferably cross each other. It would also be conceivable that there are no predetermined breaking points on the membrane. The membrane is then designed as an inwardly oriented cone with a central injection hole. Due to the conical shape, the injection hole is closed with overpressure by an adhesive present in the thermal insulation.
    The sealing element is preferably sprayed onto the second end. As a result, the sealing element is firmly connected to the shaft and can no longer detach from it.
    The invention is also preferably characterized in that the sealing element has a sealing area in the form of a truncated cone. As a result, the sealing element can be pressed against the borehole. The front end of the truncated cone preferably has a slightly smaller diameter than the borehole and the rear end of the truncated cone has a slightly larger diameter than the borehole. As a result, a reliable seal between the borehole and the sealing element can be achieved by pressing in the sealing element.
    The truncated cone expediently has a height such that it can penetrate the plaster layer. This feature enables the borehole in the plaster layer to be in contact with the sealing element, preferably along its entire height, and thereby be very well sealed.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of closed hollow bodies is provided in the shaft. The closed cavities preferably extend along the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The closed cavities act as a volume reduction of the shaft interior, as a result of which only one screw receptacle is left free in the shaft, into which a screw can be screwed by cutting into the screw receptacle. Despite the cavities, the pull-out force of the screw is guaranteed because the forces that occur are not very great. However, it may be necessary that the dowel has to be drilled out for larger screw diameters. The cavities are surrounded all around with dowel material so that the dowel is sufficiently stable to be able to hold a screw reliably. As a result of the volume reduction, no adhesive can penetrate into the shaft, as a result of which the adhesive volume to be injected can be reduced.
    In one embodiment of the invention, at least one vent for the escape of the air present in the shaft is provided at the first end. Consequently, no counterpressure can build up inside the shaft and the shaft can be filled with a low injection pressure. The ventilation is preferably implemented through small air holes in the tip.
    The first end can be shaped as a tip, but is preferably a separate part which can be connected to the shaft. As a result, the shaft can be removed from the mold more easily than if it had a point.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the outlet opening has internal dimensions between 1 mm and 5 mm and preferably between 2 and 3 mm. The outlet opening can be circular, but can also have other shapes, for example that of an elongated slot. This dimensioning ensures an even distribution of the adhesive in the thermal insulation.
    To reduce the filling volume of the shaft with adhesive, a plurality of longitudinal struts is provided on the inside of the shaft. A screw screwed into the dowel can cut into the longitudinal struts.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of pull-out safeguards are formed on the outside of the shaft. These pull-out safeguards can be webs or grooves oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction, on which the adhesive forms a form-fitting connection with the dowel. Another aspect of the invention relates to a set consisting of a dowel according to the description above and an insertion aid with an indentation surface. According to the invention, the insertion aid has an extension which can bridge the sealing element and can establish a direct connection between the indentation surface and the shaft. When the dowel is pressed into the ETICS, the sealing element is free of compressive forces and is not deformed when the dowel is pressed into the borehole and can move freely. This improves the sealing properties of the sealing element.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for fastening an anchor in an ETICS. According to the invention, a liquid adhesive is injected into the shaft with such a pressure that it penetrates through the outlet openings into the thermal insulation of the ETICS, preventing the liquid adhesive from escaping between the sealing element and the powder coating. The adhesive can spread on the outer wall of the shaft, since there is less flow resistance between the shaft wall and the insulating material than in the insulating material. The adhesive collar can therefore form along the entire length of the dowel. An adhesive collar forms, which holds the dowel positively under the plaster layer in the ETICS.
    Further advantages and features emerge from the following description of two exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. It shows, not to scale:<tb> <SEP> FIG. 1: an axonometric view of the anchor according to the invention;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 2: a longitudinal cross section through the dowel;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 3: a plan view of a sealing element of the anchor;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 4: a detailed view of the anchor in the area of the sealing element;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 5: a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the anchor;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 6: a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the anchor;<tb> <SEP> FIG. 7: an axonometric view of an insertion aid;<tb> <SEP> Figure 8: a side view of the insertion aid and<tb> <SEP> FIG. 9: a longitudinal section through the dowel inserted into a thermal insulation with a formed adhesive collar and screwed-in screw.
    In the figures, a dowel is shown which is designated as a whole by the reference numeral 11. The dowel 11 has a hollow shaft 13 with first and second ends 15, 17. The shaft 13 is preferably manufactured from a plastic, for example a polyamide with glass fiber reinforcement, using injection molding technology. A sealing element 19 is arranged at the second end 17. The sealing element 19 is made of an elastic plastic, for example a thermoplastic elastomer or a type of rubber, and is preferably molded onto the second end 17 of the shaft 13. It is also conceivable that the sealing element is pushed onto the second end 17 in a form-fitting manner and is thereby held on it. The first end 15 of the shaft 13 can be shaped as a point. To simplify removal of the shaft 13 from the mold, however, it is preferred that the tip 18 is a separate part which can be connected to the shaft. It is conceivable, for example, if the tip 18 is clipped into the first end 15 by means of hooks.
    The anchor 11 according to the invention is designed to be held on a composite thermal insulation system. In the context of this application, a thermal insulation composite system (ETICS for short) is to be understood as a facade insulation with an insulating material and a plaster base layer. The insulating material is preferably a porous, open-pored material and is usually attached to an external masonry. The plaster base layer is a plaster layer that is reinforced with a fabric.
    The dowel 11 is inserted into a drilled hole 21 pre-drilled on the ETICS. The borehole (21a, 21b) penetrates the plaster layer 23 and optionally the insulating material 25 (FIG. 5). What is significant for the invention is that the sealing element 19 is able to seal the borehole 21a in the plaster layer from the interior of the ETICS in as liquid-tight a manner as possible.
    After the dowel 11 is inserted into the ETICS, the plaster layer 23 and the sealing element 19 form a transition that is as liquid-tight as possible. The sealing element 19 encloses an inlet opening 27 for a 1- or 2-component adhesive. An insertion aid 29 is used to insert the dowel 11 into the ETICS without the sealing element 19 being deformed during insertion and thereby impairing the sealing properties (FIGS. 7 and 8). The insertion aid 29 has a pressing surface 31 and an extension 33. The extension 33 is inserted into the inlet opening 27 and bridges the sealing element 19. The extension 33 then has contact with the second end 17. The compressive force which a user exerts on the pressing surface 31 can therefore be transmitted directly to the shaft 13. The sealing element 19 is not deformed when the dowel 11 is pressed in and can nestle against the drilled hole 21a in the area of the plaster layer 23 in a sealing manner.
    In order to improve the sealing function of the sealing element 19, the sealing element 19 has the shape of a truncated cone. The height of the sealing element 19 is to be dimensioned such that it penetrates the plaster layer 19. This ensures that the drill hole 21a in the plaster layer 23 is sealed over the entire thickness of the plaster layer 23.
    The adhesive is injected into the dowel 11 through the inlet opening. The adhesive penetrates a closure. The closure is preferably a membrane 35 which is formed from the same material as the sealing element 19. The sealing element 19 and the membrane 35 are preferably injection-molded in one piece and injection-molded onto the shaft 13. The second end 17 of the shaft 11 is preferably shaped in steps. The steps can be encapsulated with the sealing element 19, as a result of which a particularly firm connection can be established between the shaft 11 and the sealing element 19 (FIG. 4). The membrane 35 is designed in such a way that it fulfills the function of a valve which allows adhesive to penetrate into the shaft, but prevents outflow in the opposite direction of flow. FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the membrane 35 has several predetermined breaking points 37. At least 4 predetermined breaking points 37 arranged in a cross shape are expedient. The pressure of the adhesive breaks the predetermined breaking points 37, whereby several circular segment-shaped flaps 39 arise. The flaps 39 pivot inward and allow the adhesive to pass. The number of flaps 39 is determined by the number of predetermined breaking points 37. FIG. 4 shows that the closed membrane 35 is oriented inward in the direction of the shaft 13. This makes it easier for the membrane to be pressed on by the adhesive pressure. The inward orientation of the membrane 35 also ensures that it cannot be pressed outward by the adhesive located in the shaft 13 after the injection. The inner surface of the flaps 39 is preferably designed in such a way that the pressure of the adhesive in the shaft 13 reliably presses the flaps 39 shut.
    In the first embodiment, the adhesive first fills the interior of the shaft. In order that too much adhesive is not required to fill the interior of the shaft 13, longitudinal struts 40 are formed on the inside (FIGS. 2 and 5). The longitudinal struts 40 also have the effect that a screw 42 screwed into the dowel 11 holds very well in the dowel 11, since the screw 42 can cut into the longitudinal struts 40. So that in this first embodiment the cavity of the shaft can be filled with adhesive up to the first end 15 or to the tip 18, ventilation openings 41 are provided at the first end 15 through which the air displaced by the adhesive can escape into the insulating material 25.
    In the second embodiment according to Figure 6, closed hollow bodies 43 are provided along the shaft 13, which are surrounded by the dowel material. The hollow bodies 43 reduce the internal volume of the shaft so that only one screw receptacle 45 is provided. The adhesive can therefore not penetrate the shaft 13, or penetrate it only to a limited extent, since the path through the outlet openings 47 has less flow resistance than the screw receptacle 45. Hollow bodies 43 which bulge in the direction of the longitudinal axis and which extend along the longitudinal axis have proven advantageous. As a result, the screw 42 is firmly held in the dowel 11 without the dowel material being destroyed.
    In the first embodiment of the dowel 11, the shaft 13 is filled with adhesive, so the adhesive flows through the outlet openings 47. In the second embodiment, the adhesive flows through the outlet openings 47 immediately after passing through the membrane 35, since it is not in the shaft 13 can penetrate. The outlet openings 47 are arranged as close as possible to the inside of the plaster layer 23. The outlet openings 47 preferably have an inside diameter of 2 to 3 mm. The injection pressure of the adhesive allows the adhesive to penetrate the insulating material 25 and to a greater extent around the outlet openings 47. As a result, an adhesive collar 45 is formed in the insulating material 25 around the outlet openings 47 (shown in FIG. 5 by framed polygons). If the adhesive collar has hardened, it forms an excellent pull-out protection and stabilization of the anchor 11 according to the invention in the ETICS.
    The adhesive penetrates even further into the insulating material 25 along the shaft 13. However, it can no longer penetrate as deeply into the insulating material 25 as around the outlet openings 47, since the pressure along the shaft 13 decreases. In order to force the adhesive into the insulating material 25, cross struts 51 extend on the outside of the shaft 13 in the circumferential direction.It is essential that the adhesive penetrates deeply, especially in the area of the plaster layer, as this ensures that the dowel 11 is extremely safe to pull out. The adhesive collar 45 is shaped essentially in the shape of a cone as the pressure in the insulating material 25 decreases. As a result, the dowel 11 is firmly anchored and stabilized in the ETICS. A quantity of approx. 15 to 50 ml of 1- or 2-component adhesive has proven itself for gluing the dowel 11 in an ETICS. The amount of adhesive depends on the dowel size and the desired size of the adhesive collar. Tearing out of the anchor 11 is reliably avoided by means of the anchor 11 according to the invention and the injected adhesive.
    Legend:
    11 dowel 13 shaft 15 first end of shaft 17 second end of shaft 18 tip as a separate part 19 sealing element 21a, 21b borehole in the ETICS 23 plaster layer 25 insulating material 27 inlet opening 29 insertion aid 31 pressing surface 33 extension 35 membrane 37 predetermined breaking point 39 flaps 40 Longitudinal struts 41 Ventilation openings 42 Screw 43 Closed hollow body 45 Screw receptacle 47 Outlet openings 49 Adhesive collars 51 Pull-out locks, cross struts
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1. Dowels (11) for fastening in a thermal insulation composite system (i.e. ETICS) with- A hollow shaft (13) for screwing in a screw having a first and second end (15, 17) and- A sealing element (19) arranged at the second end (17) of the shaft, which can be positively received in a borehole (21a) of the plaster layer (23) of the ETICS,characterized,that at least one outlet opening (47) is provided at the second end (17) of the shaft (13).
    [2]
    2. Dowel according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing element (19) is designed to seal the borehole (21a) against a liquid adhesive which has an excess pressure brought about by the adhesive injection.
    [3]
    3. Dowel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing element (19) and the shaft (13) consist of different plastics, the sealing element (19) preferably consisting of a thermoplastic elastomer.
    [4]
    4. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the sealing element there is provided an inlet opening (27) which penetrates the sealing element (19) in the longitudinal direction and in which a closure (35) is formed.
    [5]
    5. Dowel according to claim 4, characterized in that the closure (35) has the function of a valve in that it can be opened by an overpressure at the inlet opening (27) and can be closed by an overpressure in the shaft (13).
    [6]
    6. Dowel according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the closure is a membrane (35) with at least one predetermined breaking point.
    [7]
    7. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing element (19) is injection-molded onto the second end (17) or the sealing element (19) is positively slipped onto the second end (17).
    [8]
    8. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing element (19) has a sealing area in the form of a truncated cone.
    [9]
    9. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of outlet openings (47) is arranged on the circumference of the second end (17).
    [10]
    10. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of closed hollow bodies (43) is provided in the shaft (13).
    [11]
    11. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one vent (41) for the escape of the air present in the shaft (13) is provided at the first end (15).
    [12]
    12. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first end (15) is shaped as a point.
    [13]
    13. Dowel according to claim 12, characterized in that the tip is a separate part (18) which is releasably connected to the shaft (13).
    [14]
    14. Dowel one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective outlet opening (47) has internal dimensions between 1 mm and 5 mm and preferably between 2 and 3 mm.
    [15]
    15. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of longitudinal struts (40) is provided on the inside of the shaft (13).
    [16]
    16. Dowel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of pull-out safeguards (51) are formed on the outside of the shaft (13).
    [17]
    17. Set of a dowel (11) according to one of the preceding claims and an insertion aid (29) with a pressing surface (31),characterized,that the insertion aid (29) has an extension (33) which can bridge the sealing element (19) and can establish a direct connection between the pressing surface (31) and the shaft (13).
    [18]
    18. Method for fastening an anchor (11) in an ETICS, in which- a borehole (21a) is drilled into the plaster layer (23) of the ETICS,- a dowel (11) according to one of claims 1-16 is inserted into the ETICS through the drill hole (21a) so that the sealing element (19) is flush with the plaster layer (23),- A liquid adhesive is injected into the shaft (13) with such a pressure that it penetrates through the respective outlet openings (47) into the thermal insulation (25) of the ETICS and the liquid adhesive escapes between the sealing element (19) and the plaster layer ( 23) is prevented and- a certain volume of liquid adhesive is injected.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102016218880A1|2017-03-30|
    CH711589A2|2017-03-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102011002165A1|2010-11-04|2012-05-10|Fischerwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg|Attachment to a thermal insulation composite system and expansion dowel for mounting in a thermal insulation composite system|DE102018221504A1|2018-12-12|2020-06-18|Adolf Würth Gmbh & Co Kg|Plastic expansion dowel, method for fastening a screw and a plastic expansion dowel and arrangement with a plastic expansion dowel|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH14132015|2015-09-29|
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