• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Formed stone, in particular paving stone, paving slab or edge edging stone, which is provided on at least one of its lateral surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) with at least one recess (7) or at least one projection (6), so that two adjacent molded blocks on the in the Recess (7) of a molding block engaging projection (6) of the other molded block are coupled to each other at a distance. The recesses (7) and the projections (6) are spherical cap-shaped and complementary to each other. In order to achieve a good load distribution in the composite at low load of the blocks and yet to allow easy laying of the blocks, it is provided that the tangential planes (t) to the wells (7) at the edge of an angle (α) of a maximum of 45 ° with the lateral surface (2, 5), in which they are provided, enclose. As a result, shear forces between molded bricks are partially converted into compressive forces, so that the shear forces on the protrusions are reduced.
    公开号:CH711377A2
    申请号:CH00980/16
    申请日:2016-07-27
    公开日:2017-01-31
    发明作者:Peter Nowotny Ing
    申请人:Peter Nowotny Ing；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a shaped block according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Such a shaped stone has been e.g. from AT 154 161 B known. In this solution, the molded blocks in the installed state have hemispherical depressions in the mutually opposite lateral surfaces, into which spherical molded bodies are inserted during installation. It is also described that the spherical shaped bodies are already cast in on one side of the shaped blocks during manufacture, so that the spherical shaped bodies do not have to be inserted during laying.
    If a molded block is loaded vertically in the composite, shear forces occur along the opposite lateral surfaces of two molded blocks with projections or depressions. These act normal to the axis of symmetry of the projection or the recess, so that although the vertical load on one shaped block is partially transferred to the neighboring blocks, there is a very high load in the area of the edges of the recesses or very high shear forces the projections, whereby no derivation of these shear forces takes place and they therefore fully act on the molded body and the edges of the depressions. For this reason, it is very easy for the edges of the depressions to break off or the shaped bodies to shear off.
    The aim of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a shaped block of the type mentioned, which better absorbs such shear forces in a composite.
    According to the invention, this is achieved in a molded block of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    According to the present invention, the depressions are therefore not hemispherical, but much flatter. The tangential planes to the depressions are steepest at their edge, i.e. at the transition to the outer surface (i.e. the angle to the outer surface is greatest). According to the invention, these tangential planes should have a maximum of 45 ° to the lateral surface. If you denote the radius of curvature of the indentations with r, then in the case that the tangential planes at the edge are exactly 45 ° to the outer surface, the radius of the spherical cap and the height of the spherical cap, so that the ratio of height to radius is around 0.41 , is. According to AT 154 161 B the ratio is (almost) 1, but according to the invention the ratio must be less than around 0.41. Since the depressions are complementary to the projections and there is a gap between adjacent shaped stones, the depressions are inevitably somewhat shallower than the projections (the depth of the depressions corresponds to the height of the projections less the distance between the shaped stones). The tangential planes at the edge of the projections can therefore include an angle greater than 45 ° with the lateral surface from which they protrude.
    These measures ensure that shear forces cause transverse forces, so that the composite of the shaped blocks is solidified and therefore can absorb greater forces without partial subsidence occurring. This can be illustrated by looking at only two shaped stones and moving them parallel to the lateral surfaces with the projections or depressions: they are pressed apart by the incline of the projections or depressions. In combination, this means that it comes under tension (under pressure), so that vertical loads are distributed over several shaped blocks without the projections being only subjected to shear stress, which is highly desirable. The load on the edges of the depressions is also reduced by their incline, so that there is hardly any risk of the edges of the depressions breaking off or the projections being sheared off.
    In order to make do with only one type of molded blocks according to the invention, the features of claim 2 are provided. As a result of these measures, the shaped blocks can always be laid in a position in which a projection of one shaped block engages in a depression in the adjacent shaped block.
    [0009] It is particularly advantageous to provide the features of claim 3. With these features, shear forces are absorbed even better, because if a shaped block is loaded vertically in a composite with such shaped blocks, then pressure is not only built up to the neighboring rows, but also within the row. This results in a very strong bond and larger tolerances can also be allowed in the manufacture of the shaped blocks without problems when they are laid.
    In the case of rectangular shaped stones, two projections or depressions can be provided on each of the longer outer surfaces and one projection or depression on each of the shorter outer surfaces.
    It is particularly useful if the projections or depressions are arranged vertically symmetrically. This is not only helpful when laying, because the shaped stone can also be laid upside down, but also has the effect that the forces are introduced centrally, which is ideal for absorbing compressive forces.
    The shaped stones can be made of a hardening plastic material, e.g. Concrete, by casting or pressing in appropriate forms, but also made of natural stone, e.g. by milling with appropriate form cutters. Disc milling cutters are suitable for the projections; one milling process per projection can be used. The fact that the present invention can also be used with natural stones is a great advantage of the present invention compared to the projections most commonly used today, which can only be cast or pressed with reasonable effort. Today, natural stones are usually sawn, which means that no protrusions can be made. Milling also has the advantage of higher accuracy compared to sawing: when sawing natural stone, typical tolerances are 3 mm, when milling 1 mm.
    [0013] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. It shows:
    [0014] FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a shaped block according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a side view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1; 3 shows an end view of the shaped stone according to FIGS. 1 and 2; 4 shows a plan view of a composite of shaped blocks according to FIGS. 1 to 3; 5 shows a side view of this composite in the normal position; and FIG. 6 shows the composite according to FIG. 4 with a deflection due to a vertical load.
    The molded block according to FIGS. 1 to 3 has a substantially rectangular contact surface 1, from which the lateral surfaces 2 to 5 protrude vertically. Opposite the contact surface 1 is a top surface 8. On the jacket surface 3 protruding from one of the two longer side edges of the contact surface 1, there are two spherical cap-shaped projections 6 and on the opposite jacket surface 5, two complementary recesses 7. “Complementary” means that the recesses 7 are spherical cap-shaped and have a similar radius of curvature as the projections 6. The radius of curvature can differ by around 10% without losing the effect according to the invention, a slightly larger (e.g. 2-3%) The radius of curvature in the depressions is even advantageous.
    Furthermore, a recess 7 or a projection 6 is arranged on the end-face lateral surfaces 2 and 4. Overall, the molded block according to the invention is therefore provided with projections 6 on the adjacent jacket surfaces 3, 4 and with recesses 7 on the opposite jacket surfaces 5, 2. As a result, the mutually opposite lateral surfaces 3 and 5 or 2 and 4 have oppositely identical formations (projections 6 and depressions 7).
    The size of the spherical cap-shaped projections 6 is chosen so that the angle of a tangential plane t to the recess 7 at its circumferential circle with the lateral surface 2, 5, in which the recess 7 is provided, includes an angle α of a maximum of 45 ° . This ensures that shear forces acting along the corresponding lateral surfaces 2, 3, 4, 5 (that is to say in particular vertical forces) also cause transverse forces and the bond between the molded blocks is thereby strengthened.
    In a specific embodiment, the radius of curvature of the projections is 25 mm and their intersection radius on the lateral surface is 20.71 mm; the radius of curvature of the depressions is 26 mm and their intersection radius on the lateral surface is 16.62 mm. This results in an angle for the tangential planes of 56 ° for the projections and 40 ° for the depressions. The joint between two shaped stones is therefore around 6 mm.
    As can be seen from FIG. 4, the individual molded blocks according to FIGS. 1 to 3 are placed against one another with the end-face lateral surfaces 2, 4 to produce a row, the projection 6 of the lateral surface 4 into the recess 7 of the lateral surface 2 of the adjacent shaped block engages. Several such rows are placed next to one another, the lateral surface 3 then lying opposite the lateral surface 5 of the molded block of the adjacent row and the projections 6 of the lateral surface 3 engages in the projection 7 of the lateral surface 5 of the molded block of the adjacent row. As usual, the shaped stones in the rows are shifted against each other by half a stone length, so that each shaped stone is connected to two shaped stones in the adjacent row in order to achieve a flat bond. A coupling is thus achieved both within each row and between the rows by means of the projections 6 and the depressions 7. As usual, the joints 10 between shaped stones are filled with sand, but can also be filled with a hardening joint compound (e.g. cement mortar).
    As can be seen from Fig. 6, due to the spherical cap-shaped design of the recesses 7 and the projections 6, the shaped stones can pivot relative to one another by a small angle in each direction, whereby they then still lie flat against one another, i.e. in this case, too, no edges can be overloaded, as is often the case with conventional spacers. This results in varying widths of the sand-filled joints 10 between the shaped stones in a composite over the height of the shaped stones. If the bricks in the adjacent row are firmly seated and cannot join the vertical movement, the bricks in the adjacent row will be pushed away a little, i.e. the individual rows are braced against each other, so that the load on one shaped block is distributed over many shaped blocks without pure shear forces occurring, and the paving becomes considerably more stable overall.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. shaped stone, in particular paving stone, paving slab or edge edging stone, which is provided on at least one of its lateral surfaces (2, 3, 4, 5) with at least one recess (7) or at least one projection (6), so that two adjacent molded blocks on the in the recess (7) of the one mold block engaging projection (6) of the other molded block are coupled to each other at a distance, wherein the recesses (7) and the projections (6) are spherical cap-shaped and complementary to each other, characterized in that the tangential planes (t) to the recesses (7) at the edge of an angle (α) of a maximum of 45 ° with the lateral surface (2, 5), in which they are provided include.
    [2]
    2. molded block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided on a lateral surface (5, 2) with at least one recess (7) and on the opposite lateral surface (3, 4) with at least one projection (6).
    [3]
    3. shaped brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the projections (6) on two adjoining lateral surfaces (3, 4) and the recesses (7) on the said lateral surfaces (3, 4) each opposite lateral surfaces (5, 2) are.
    [4]
    4. molded block according to one of claims 1 to 3 with a substantially rectangular footprint (1), characterized in that at the from the longer side edges of the footprint (1) upstanding lateral surfaces (3, 5) two recesses (7) and two Projections (6) are arranged and on the other lateral surfaces (2, 4) each have a recess (7) or a projection (6) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. molded block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the projections (6) or depressions (7) are arranged vertically symmetrically between the contact surface (1) and the top surface (8).
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    DE2752545A1|1978-06-08|FLOOR COVERING WITH JOINTED PANELS
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    DE3116540C2|1983-09-22|Floor covering element, laying unit formed from several floor covering elements and association of floor covering elements
    AT517559B1|2018-08-15|cast stone
    EP0671508A2|1995-09-13|Pavement
    DE4211799A1|1992-10-29|VERBUNDSTEIN OR COMPOSITE PLATE
    EP0423281B1|1993-03-17|Slab lining
    AT394222B|1992-02-25|MOLDED STONE, PREFERRED CONCRETE
    EP0510486B1|1994-05-04|Composite stone resp. composite plate
    DE2226460A1|1973-12-06|LARGE BLOCK
    DE4244333C2|2001-05-17|Composite stone or composite panel
    DE102010061473A1|2012-06-28|Plate, particularly concrete slab, for use in plate-aggregates of parking decks, has top side, bottom side, and four side surfaces, where fixing element is embedded on side surface
    EP0021240B1|1985-10-02|Building block
    DE3311015A1|1984-10-04|Hollow block
    AT521506B1|2020-02-15|cast stone
    AT326053B|1975-11-25|TUBULAR COMPONENT
    EP0851065B1|2003-05-07|Building set for the construction of dry walls, retaining wall, and the like
    DE102014016007B4|2016-07-14|Fiber-optic component with fiber-optic composite structure for buildings and facades and manufacturing processes
    DE925457C|1955-03-21|Molded wall element as permanent formwork for structures made of cast concrete, especially for barrier walls and. like
    AT326326B|1975-12-10|BUILDING ELEMENT FOR Erecting Masonry
    AT341167B|1978-01-25|COMPONENT FOR ERECTING WALLS
    AT246388B|1966-04-12|Shuttering block
    DE2061349C3|1974-07-04|Support for the panels of a panel covering arranged over a waterproofing layer of buildings
    AT20548B|1905-06-26|Process for the production of cement slabs with an asphalt surface.
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE202016104132U1|2016-08-08|
    AT517559B1|2018-08-15|
    CH711377B1|2020-08-31|
    AT517559A1|2017-02-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1796973A|1924-11-12|1931-03-17|Wright Rubber Products Company|Paving block|
    US1984393A|1932-09-23|1934-12-18|Brown Phillip|Interlocking building brick|
    AT154161B|1936-11-04|1938-09-10|Ind En Bouwmaterialen Handelmi|Process for connecting two components that are to be attached next to one another and movable with respect to one another, as well as connections made using this process|
    US6715965B2|1999-09-30|2004-04-06|Redi-Rock International, Llc|Retaining wall blocks and retaining walls constructed from such blocks|
    US20050252122A1|2002-03-25|2005-11-17|Peter Geiger|Brick kit|
    US6874293B2|2003-03-17|2005-04-05|Redi-Rock International, Llc|Protruding planter block for retaining wall|
    GB2419612A|2004-10-28|2006-05-03|Brett Landscaping Ltd|Block for use in permeable pavements|
    US8876438B2|2010-07-30|2014-11-04|Redi-Rock International, Llc|Process for casting concrete wall blocks for use with geogrid|
    法律状态:
    2020-10-15| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: ING. PETER NOWOTNY, AT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ING. PETER NOWOTNY, AT |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50668/2015A|AT517559B1|2015-07-27|2015-07-27|cast stone|
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