blown sheet system with a ring-shaped die to extrude a tubular sheet and method for producing a cont

专利摘要:
“BLOWED SHEET SYSTEM WITH A RING-SHAPED MATRIX TO EXTRUDE A TUBULAR SHEET AND METHOD TO PRODUCE A CONTINUOUS BLOWED SHEET IN A BLOWED SHEET SYSTEM” It is described, in blown sheet systems, to provide a longitudinal stretching of the continuous sheet of double layer produced after delivery, more precisely, after the reversing unit and before the winder. It is also known to perform a drawing of the descending leaf, in which the leaf must then be preheated due to the long way of cooling the delivery. According to a first embodiment, the present invention describes heating the sheet above delivery and then treating it mechanically. The sheet can thus be brought in with little energy from a first heating level to a temperature level at which it can be easily processed. According to a second embodiment, the present invention describes providing a traction force breaking brake.
公开号:BR112014031115B1
申请号:R112014031115-3
申请日:2013-08-07
公开日:2021-01-19
发明作者:Edgar Gandelheidt
申请人:Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to a blown sheet system, a process for producing a continuous blown sheet and a sheet produced with it.
[0002] Blown sheet systems are known. The systems are fed with granulated synthetic materials which are then plasticized in extruders under the effect of high pressure, to form a viscous mass. This mass is formed in the form of a ring in a blowing head, escaping from the blowing head through an annular matrix. From the exit of the annular matrix, the dough already forms a tubular sheet. The tubular sheet is pulled upward over a tubular sheet forming zone, where compressed air is introduced into the tubular sheet. This produces a transverse stretching of the tubular sheet. Cooling of the melt is achieved at a tolerable distance from the annular matrix by means of an active cooling medium for the ascending tubular sheet. The tubular sheet, on its way upwards, goes through in a mostly partially crystalline state a calibration device and then a flattening unit that places it flat. The flattening unit leads the double layer web to a preliminary crushing unit. The preliminary crushing unit, in most cases, consists of a pair of rollers through which the space between the rollers - often called “nip” - passes the sheet. Preliminary crushing is followed by crushing, where the tubular sheet is definitively transformed into a two-layer continuous sheet, with virtually no air filling. At the latest from there, but better from the preliminary crushing, there is a double layer continuous sheet. The distance between preliminary crushing and crushing is dimensioned in such a way that the sheet, during transport between the two pairs of rollers, can release heat from the extrusion process. In this way, therefore, the tubular sheet is further cooled, so that it can then continue with its processing. This includes, for example, opening the tubular sheet, so that two separate continuous sheets appear.
[0003] Many systems work without preliminary crushing, leading the sheet from the flattening unit directly to crushing. Also in such a construction of the system, the ascending sheet is already so cooled when it reaches the pair of crushing rollers that a strong attack causes no or only minor damage to the surface of the sheet. For crushing, in normal cases, pulls the sheet upwards with a speed clearly greater than that which is extruded in the annular matrix. A speed ratio, for example, is 10: 1 to 20: 1. The blown sheet, immediately in the formation of the tube, above the annular matrix, is requested with compressed air inside and, thus, pulled in a transversal direction. At the same time, the pair of crushing rollers pulls the sheet upwards with high speed, so that below the freezing line a longitudinal stretching occurs.
[0004] Therefore, in all, the tubular sheet is biaxially stretched below the freezing line. Depending on the programmed use for the final sheet product, longitudinal or cross-sectional stretching may predominate.
[0005] However, a blown sheet system always needs to fight against the technical disadvantage that the quality of the optical sheet cannot compete with the quality of the sheet of fused sheets. This is because the rising tubular sheet shape cools relatively slowly. The longer the cooling process of the melt of the synthetic material lasts, the more opaque and poor the gloss becomes the surface of the sheet.
[0006] In order to be able to apply sufficient force with the pair of crushing rollers on the rising sheet, the sheet must be strongly cooled. In view of the slow cooling speed of the extruded sheet, this produces a high build height of the blown sheet systems. Above the crush, the double-layer web is shifted to the horizontal as quickly as possible, conducted to the side of the system and, from there, down to the subsequent treatment steps. Usually, a winder is located beside the system on the floor of the site, which rolls the double layer continuous sheet into a roll for future transport.
[0007] Before drawing the winder, drawing devices are sometimes provided, and in the scope of this patent application the term "stretch / stretch" serves as a generic term for "stretch" and "stretch".
[0008] A "drawing" unit stretches the sheet by 5%, in any case, in a longitudinal direction, preferably 50% and more, often also up to 1 000%. Such units are often called “MDO” which means “machine direction orientation”, that is, an orientation of the molecules of the synthetic material in the direction of the machine, that is, of the direction of transport of the material through the system.
[0009] A drawing unit is revealed, for example, in document DT 2 146 266. There, extruders invert in a frame above a vertical blowing segment. The pair of withdrawal rollers is followed by a group of rollers until a second pair of crushing rollers is reached. The second pair of crushing rollers rotates more quickly than the first, so that the double-layer web is drawn in the direction of the machine. The cooling path of the tubular sheet before the first pair of crushing rollers can be regulated, so that it passes through it at the maximum possible temperature, so that the stretching can ideally occur without adding temperature. The drawing ratio can also be regulated, simply by means of the second pair of crushing rollers, since the rollers that are part of the roller group are passive, or at least passive in the beginning.
[0010] As an alternative to MDO, a so-called flat position package can be provided as a drawing unit before the winder. This “stretches” the sheet irreversibly, usually between 0.5% and 5%, oriented in the direction of the machine, a fact that only serves to compensate for differences in travel length over the width of the double layer continuous sheet and in the stability directional direction of the web, so that the web can be better rolled and processed thereafter.
[0011] Both drawing systems, that is, an MDO and a flat position package, are quite technically comparable in this respect, as they perform a longitudinal drawing of the sheet. To do this, after a slower first roll, immediately afterwards or, for example, after other passive rollers, a roll with a faster drive operates. Due to the speed difference of the two rollers, which can also be performed as pairs of crushing rollers, which respectively transport the sheet with static friction, a change in the length of the sheet appears.
[0012] The distance between the two areas where the sheet is transported with the circumferential speed of the respective roll, is called the "drawing section" or, in the projection to the orientation of the machine, "drawing length".
[0013] In an approximately central section of the web wrapping around a roll, the web is transported with static friction, therefore, with the circumferential speed of the roll. Even before the web, at a lifting point, leaves the surface of the roll, the static friction ends. This is particularly significant when the next roll spins at a greater circumferential speed, that is, the web already passes the surface of the static friction roll for faster sliding friction and only then lifts off the surface of the roll.
[0014] The same principle can also be seen when entering a roll: The web already comes into contact with the rotating surface of the roll from a point of contact, but the static friction only begins beyond the point of contact.
[0015] In the interest of simplicity, we talk about “points” here. A continuous sheet rises from a roll on a lifting line, and with a contact line reaches a roll surface. In a lateral observation, however, the two-dimensional continuous sheet is reduced by one dimension to a line, accordingly, the survey line and the contact line are reduced respectively to points by one dimension.
[0016] It should be noted that for the transport of the sheet, instead of a roll, as a general rule, a pair of crushing rollers can also be used. In the interests of simplicity, the present patent application often refers only to one roll, however, it also refers to a pair of crushing rollers as a notorious technical replacement medium.
[0017] A pair of crushing rollers can, in principle, catch the sheet safely, as they catch the surfaces of the sheet on both sides. Also, a roll, picking up from one side, can actually also exert sufficient longitudinal force on the sheet, which depends, for example, on the configuration of the roll surface in interaction with the respective sheet to be processed and, for example , of the roll winding angle. Usually, in a simple driven roller, in any case, a tightening roller will be provided, in order to guarantee more safely that the sheet can actually be caught by the driven roller, excluding an accidental slip.
[0018] The present invention has the task of improving the state of the art or providing an alternative for it.
[0019] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, this task is solved with a blown sheet system, with an annular matrix to extrude a tubular sheet, with a tube forming zone for the longitudinal and transverse stretching of the tubular sheet , with a cooling medium for the tubular sheet that moves in a direction oriented towards the machine, with a flattening device for the tubular sheet to form a double layer continuous sheet, and with a pair of withdrawal rollers after of the cooling medium for the removal of the tubular sheet, and in the direction of the machine, after the pair of removal rollers, a path of treatment rollers is provided for the drawing of the double layer continuous sheet, with a heating medium for the double layer continuous sheet, the blown sheet system being characterized by the fact that the machine direction is oriented vertically from bottom to top, and the treatment roller path is arranged above the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[0020] Regarding the terms, it is necessary to define the following:
[0021] The "pair of withdrawal rollers" - as already explained above - can preferably be a simple pair of withdrawal rollers. However, it is also part of the aspect of the present invention that prior to the pair of withdrawal rollers a pair of preliminary withdrawal rollers is arranged, the delivery of which is often also referred to as crushing or crushing system.
[0022] In the case of such an arrangement with two pairs of rollers, the pair of withdrawal rollers that definitely make the crushing, as a general rule, is above the pair of preliminary withdrawal rollers.
[0023] In view of the rollers or pairs of rollers existing below it, the pair of withdrawal rollers, in principle, is distinguished by the fact that it conducts the hose, either completely or almost completely, flattened, that is, as continuous sheet double layer. The pair of withdrawal rollers catches the flattened sheet on its surface on both sides, also in order to reduce the possibility of compressed air pressed upwards out of the inside of the tubular sheet.
[0024] Often, the diameter of a delivery roll is about 300 mm, often diameters between 200 mm and 400 mm or more can be found. If preliminary delivery rollers were also provided, they often have the same size as the delivery rollers.
[0025] The "treatment roller segment" is a conveyor path designed for the double layer continuous sheet within which the double layer continuous sheet is intended to be subjected to mechanical and thermal treatment, and it can be a irreversible drafting and precisely oriented towards the machine, that is, seen in the local plane, in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor leaf.
[0026] For the treatment roller path, at least two, three, four, five, six or more rollers (or pairs of crushing rollers) will be provided, and these must meet at least two, three, four, five, six or more different functions within the treatment roller segment. In particular are the functions: holding, heating, drawing, tempering, cooling, flattening, stamping or laminating.
[0027] A roller can perform several functions at the same time, for example, holding and heating.
[0028] As a general rule, the smallest possible number of rolls is desired.
[0029] The “heating medium” must be an active heating medium, that is, specially equipped with a heating spiral traversable by electric current, an infrared radiator, a laser emitter, a hot water passage line, a oil heating, generally a fuel operated heating with circuit and / or a comparable active heating medium. In the extrusion heat is generated. This, in any case, goes up. This and the fact that the tubular sheet carries heat inside it and transports it for delivery, means that, in any case, all parts of the system above the pair of withdrawal rollers are quite hot when the system is operating. However, the heating medium does not refer to these passively heated devices. On the contrary, an active heating medium must in fact be provided.
[0030] In most cases, such a heating medium will be recognizable by the fact that, in addition to the heating itself, it has a temperature sensor, or that the heating medium has a regulation, especially a hysteresis regulation.
[0031] In this context, it is necessary to draw attention to the fact that in the scope of the present patent application, whenever “regulation” is mentioned, it should also be included in the “command” content. The aforementioned “regulation” will then be especially a technical “regulation”, that is, with a sensor for the comparison of the current values, but also that a “command” is included, that is, for example, a heating spiral that only will be switched on at intervals and then switched off again.
[0032] Alternatively or cumulatively to a temperature sensor in the heating medium, a heating medium can also easily be distinguished from a component that has heated up during operation, as heating devices can already be used in a cold system for rapid heating of the respective heating medium. The heating medium, therefore, can be used for heating that happens more quickly than heating the system components in the upper area of the system during the operation of the system.
[0033] A positioning "above" the pair of withdrawal rollers is in an especially preferred embodiment such an execution where the path of treatment rollers are at least partly vertically directly above the pair of withdrawal rollers, in a projection in a horizontal plane that passes through the pair of withdrawal rollers, that is, would result in an intersection with the projection of the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[0034] Therefore, it may already be sufficient when a surrounding line around the treatment roller path can be designed in this way. Therefore, it is not necessary that one of the rollers of the treatment roller path can be projected horizontally with an intersection, the latter being a preferred embodiment.
[0035] It is considered as especially advantageous that at least one, two, three, four, five, six or more drums of the treatment roller path are axially parallel in the space of the delivery rolls.
[0036] Each individual roll - as already mentioned - can be replaced by a pair of crushing rollers respectively.
[0037] Alternatively or cumulatively, the rollers in the treatment roller path may be in the same order of magnitude as the pair of withdrawal rollers, for example, with diameters between 200 mm and 400 mm or more, preferably between 250 mm and 300 mm, also clearly smaller than the pair of withdrawal rollers, for example, with diameters between 100 mm and 200 mm or less.
[0038] A particularly compact arrangement arises when at least one roller of the treatment roller segment, preferably two, three, four, five six or more rolls of the treatment roller segment, can or can be projected horizontally so intersecting at least half or one of the delivery rollers. With such an embodiment, the rollers of the treatment roller path are located very compactly above the delivery rollers.
[0039] As an alternative and cumulatively it is advantageous if the rolls of the treatment roller segment, in projection on the horizontal, also intersect with each other, at least in half.
[0040] It is logical that, with an appropriate configuration, an overlap greater than half can be even more advantageous.
[0041] A slightly different geometric relationship, where the aforementioned projection does not directly produce an intersection with the delivery rollers, would not be so compact, however, it still remains within the extended scope of the present invention. It is possible to imagine an orbicular surrounding line around the pair of withdrawal rollers. The surrounding line constitutes a horizontal orbicular surface. When the vertical projection of one, several or even all of the rollers in the treatment roller segment into the surface occurs, or partially or even totally, a very compact form of the system is still achieved. In simple words, then the rollers in the treatment roller path are not necessarily precisely vertically above the pair of withdrawal rollers, but within a closer radius.
[0042] In a broader sense, the "above" can also be performed when the path of treatment rollers is provided laterally next to the pair of withdrawal rollers or in the upper area of the blown sheet system, but arranged at least with a roller of the treatment roller path geodesically higher than the pair of withdrawal rolls, preferably with several or even all the rolls of the treatment roller segment. In the case of a pair of rollers, the geodesic height of the nip of the pair of rollers is valid in this context.
[0043] With a special advantage, the arrangement according to an aspect of the present invention of the treatment roller path above the withdrawal roller pair, with a heating medium for the double layer web, can be used to heat the double layer continuous sheet through a temperature that the sheet has after passing through the delivery rollers. It has already been explained that the sheet, for a safe passage through the pair of withdrawal rollers, must have been cooled, since there are forces on the sheet. Therefore, there must have been a cooling to below temperature, where there is stability of the dimension, in order not to damage the sheet.
[0044] For the subsequent mechanical processing of the sheet, especially in the form of a drawing by means of tensile force, it can be advantageous when the sheet is heated. For example, MDO heats the sheet before mechanical longitudinal drawing by means of a high-powered heating roller.
[0045] The present invention recognized that the sheet on the way up instead of down, can take advantage of the heat coming from the extruders and the blowing head. In fact, it is not so easy to cool the sheet in the upward path, but within the path of the treatment rollers it can be started from the fact that smaller temperature gradients occur. In view of the document DT 2 146 266 it can be produced with a clearly better quality.
[0046] Because the present invention starts from the point where the first heat still exists, that is, the sheet is cooled enough to be able to be caught by the pair of withdrawal rollers - in other words, it is still relatively hot, therefore, not needing be heated so strongly. She suggests predicting the heating medium above the pair of withdrawal rollers, because there the heating medium does not need to heat up as much as would be the case in other positions in the system. For any mechanical treatment that requires heat, this arrangement also generates significant energy savings.
[0047] In the state of the art, such an arrangement is not found anywhere: the document EP 1 147 877 A2 reveals in its second form of execution, in figure 5, a production system for stretch type sheet, and in the segment of stretch between the pairs of stretching rollers is no longer the first heat, because there, the double-layer continuous sheet is driven off the pair of rollers to the side, and is only stretched much later. Especially there is little or no first heat from the blown leaf process.
[0048] The same goes for US 6 413 346 B.
[0049] US 2 976 567 shows a molten sheet system, no blown sheet system. Therefore, there is no pair of withdrawal rollers, in addition, the effect of the large heat accumulation above the blowing head and, therefore, above a pair of crushing rollers, does not exist.
[0050] In document US 7 396 498 B1 there is an optimal elongation of the double layer continuous sheet at the bottom, directly next to the blowing head, that is, in a certain way, on the floor of the room.
[0051] US 5 458 841 performs a longitudinal drawing between a pair of preliminary withdrawal rollers and the pair of withdrawal rollers, and just above the ascending blown sheet. However, there is no heating there for the sheet, but the document calls the stretch segment a “cold orientation zone”. In addition, no mechanical treatment takes place above the last pair of withdrawal rollers. Instead, by means of a bypass roller it is immediately driven to the horizontal and finally downwards.
[0052] In document DT 1 504 461 an internal element is provided for heating the tubular sheet. The first pair of withdrawal rollers does not close. The drawing after the first pair of withdrawal rollers happens with excess pressure passing through.
[0053] In document AT 267 160, the blown sheet receives a stamping inside the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[0054] The document AT 342 292 provides that the tubular sheet passes through a series of infrared radiators that raise the temperature of the tubular sheet to the temperature required for drawing. The tubular sheet is then stretched transverse to the direction of extrusion, compressed air is introduced through a tube, and at the same time it is stretched in its longitudinal direction with elements not shown that provide an air-tight closure of the tube, removing it with a speed that is greater than that speed with which it is transported by clamping rollers. The means not shown for longitudinal drawing are, therefore, the delivery rollers in this sense, and there is apparently no further treatment for these, without taking into account that the document extrudes from top to bottom and, in this way, in any way. being able to use the advantage of rising heat to a lesser extent.
[0055] The document CH 432 815 also deals with the construction of the system before the pair of withdrawal rollers, however, not the configuration after the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[0056] The same goes for document CH 475 082.
[0057] DE 2132259 C3 describes a more remote state of the art.
[0058] The document DE 102 42 174 A1 describes a conventional blown sheet system, and through the relationship between the circumferential speed of the crushing rollers and the internal pressure, the longitudinal stretching factor or the inflating factor needs to be adjusted. .
[0059] US 6 447 278 B1 discloses a lateral spacing of the double layer web directly after the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[0060] US 4 086 045 also shows a molten sheet system which is therefore not relevant in the present context, as no treatment takes place above the rising heat of the extruder.
[0061] Document US 3 768 949 shows an old way of implementing a reversal system, the delivery of the tubular sheet taking place by means of two individual rollers that press against each other, but together they form a pair of withdrawal rollers in the widest sense.
[0062] The document US 3 340 565 presents rotating cooling cylinders so that the cooling time can be progressively regulated.
[0063] US 3 116 787 again shows a molten sheet system that is remote in the art for lack of treatment steps above the hot extruder.
[0064] In document US 4 676 728 a reversal system with direction bars or rollers in vertical position is provided. The same goes for US 5,727,723.
[0065] In document DE 35 08 626 C1, the rollers can be separated to insert the tubular sheet that is arriving when starting the blown sheet system. Then, a comb-shaped displacement of the direction bars and deflection rollers to an operating position occurs.
[0066] Also in document DE 692 08 002 T2, a longitudinal stretching of the tubular sheet is carried out just above a preliminary delivery roller, that is, not after the pair of removal rolls. In addition, in the cold orientation zone there is no heating.
[0067] In GB 2 201 371 A, a tubular sheet is first unwound from a roll, then led upwards, above a blown sheet system, heated there, then led vertically downwards and inflated, and finally, removed and rolled up again. A heating after the pair of withdrawal rollers is not foreseen, in addition, no hot blowing head is foreseen, so that the heat that is formed on it does not exist and cannot be used.
[0068] WO 2005/102666 A1 presents a blown leaf system, where either the distance between the pair of preliminary withdrawal rollers and the pair of withdrawal rollers can be regulated by means of a vertical adjustment mechanism, or where a rotating disk with several rollers is provided, in both cases the double layer continuous sheet, after the pair of withdrawal rollers, is first guided laterally and then downwards.
[0069] Above the treatment roller path, a device for changing direction bars can be provided, especially inside a reversing unit. The reversing unit provides by means of the reversing rotation of direction bars and / or rollers a uniform placement of eventual points of non-uniform thickness of the tubular sheet, in order to obtain a winding result in a very uniform sum in the roll. A reversing unit can be seen, for example, in EP 0 673 750 A1.
[0070] Within the scope of the present patent application, a reversal unit should not be understood as a "treatment roller segment".
[0071] A treatment roller path also preferably includes exclusively rollers, bars of change of direction or other means are also conceivable in order to guide or change the direction of a sheet.
[0072] In addition, a reversal does not include any active heating for the double layer continuous sheet.
[0073] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the task set reveals a blown sheet system, with an annular matrix for the extrusion of a tubular sheet, with a tube forming zone for the longitudinal and transverse drawing of the sheet tubular, with a cooling medium for the tubular sheet moving in the direction of the machine, with a flattening for the tubular sheet to form a double layer continuous sheet, and with a pair of withdrawal rollers after the cooling medium for the removal of the tubular sheet, and after the pair of withdrawal rollers a path of treatment rollers is provided for the longitudinal stretching of the double layer continuous sheet, possibly with a heating medium for the double layer continuous sheet, the The treatment roller path features a first drawing roll and a second drawing roll that follows the first drawing roll, the pair of drawing rollers being prepared to be raised. connected with a speed of delivery roll, and the second drawing roll being prepared to operate with a speed of drawing roll which is greater than the speed of the delivery rollers and the speed of the first drawing roll, so that in the operation of the blown sheet system, the double layer continuous sheet is stretched between the first and the second drawing roll, oriented towards the machine, and the blown sheet system is characterized by the fact that inside the treatment roller segment, before and / or on the first drawing roller, a pulling force break brake is provided which inhibits a pulling force rupture of the second drawing roller for the withdrawing roller pair.
[0074] Regarding the terms, it is worth explaining here that the second drawing roll, due to its greater circumferential speed, exerts a tractive force on the approaching double layer continuous sheet. This pulling force, in the almost stationary production process, follows the principle of "actio = reactio". For this reason, it is necessary to have, in the opposite direction of the machine of the second drafting roll, a support for the absorption of this pulling force. According to the state of the art in document DT 2 146 266, this bearing was the pair of withdrawal rollers. However, the present invention has recognized that the maximum potential of a blown leaf system cannot be achieved by far. In order to be able to absorb the pulling force of the fast-acting drawing roller, the clamping force of the delivery rollers against each other must be very high. The question of whether or not the two sheet layers are welded on the nip of the delivery rollers depends not only on the temperature, but also on the pressure of the two continuous sheets on top of one another on the nip. Therefore, when the clamping force on the nip is increased, in order to be able to absorb the pulling force of the drawn roller quickly, accordingly, the sheet must respectively be guided through the nip of the delivery rollers at a lower temperature. When, on the other hand, the present invention is followed and the traction force break brake is installed between the drawing roller (possibly the first, in any case the second) that is driven more quickly than the delivery rolls, then the force traction of the stretch segment that is reaching the delivery rollers is reduced or even eliminated. The clamping force of the two delivery rollers at the nip of the delivery rollers can then be adjusted to a minimum and, ideally, it only needs to be dimensioned with the help of those parameters that reign in the direction of the machine upstream of the pair of rollers. withdrawal. For, ideally, no traction force of the drawing segment should reach the pair of withdrawal rollers, therein needing to be stored.
[0075] As "traction force rupture brake" can be considered as several measures, simple passive rollers should not be part of. Among them, however, the following three achievements must be part:
[0076] As the first of the three concrete variations, the traction force rupture brake may have a speed-regulated holding roller. This means a roll whose speed can be regulated without gradation or graduated, and in rolls this always means the circumferential speed. In particular, it is worth considering that the speed of the holding roller must be adjustable in relation to the speed of the second drawing roller.
[0077] The holding roller can be the first drawing roller, but it can also be arranged before the first drawing roller.
[0078] The preferred embodiment provides that the holding roll is disposed directly above the pair of withdrawing rollers and that it is followed by the first and the second drawing roll. In the event of such an execution, the first drawing roller can either be passive, or it can be driven slower than the second drawing roller, above all, at least more or less with the speed of the withdrawal roller pair.
[0079] As a second concrete variation, it is conceivable that the traction force break brake has a clamping roller. A pinch roll makes it difficult to slip the double layer web around the surface of a roll. In this way, in a preferred embodiment, a clamping roller can be abutted against the holding roller. In the especially preferred embodiment, also in this constellation, the holding roller is the first roller in the treatment roller path and / or the last roller before the first drawing roller.
[0080] The third variation to be called concrete provides that the traction force break brake has a contact angle to surround a first roller within the treatment roller path at least 160 °, preferably at least 180 °. Preferably, the first roll is the holding roll. As an alternative to the holding roller, it is conceivable to provide an optional heating roller, preferably at a lateral distance from the roller sequence consisting of the holding roller and the two drawing rolls, so that a web can be heated on both sides. firstly on the first side by the optional heating roller, then on its second side by the retaining roller which at the same time can be designed as a heating roller, which is especially advantageous for thicker sheets.
[0081] In order to obtain a lower constructive height of the blown sheet system, it may be advantageous to provide a transverse orientation for the rolls of the treatment roller segment, with a "transverse" orientation when there is a double layer continuous sheet. goes more horizontal than vertical. Especially a double layer continuous sheet is imagined that at least essentially goes horizontally. Given the path of the web around rollers or bars of change of direction, the path can be defined through the path of the actual sheet and / or the position of the axes of rotation of two rollers or bars of change of direction.
[0082] Especially it is imaginable that the connection paths between two, three, four, five, six or more rollers are, without exceptions or with exceptions between them, more horizontal than vertical.
[0083] Preferably, two, three, four, five, six or more rolls must be arranged horizontally in relation to each other.
[0084] In fact, from US 6 413 346 B1 it is already known to provide a treatment roller path with several pairs of rollers and drawing segments between them, in a transversal path towards the vertical extrusion direction. But, the document roll pairs are located exactly horizontally on the side of the withdrawal roll pair, then leading further down to a winder. A unit of turn bars is not revealed in the document. For this reason, it makes sense, in the document, to carry the web transversely to the side, since then it needs to be driven downwards.
[0085] If in the document there was a reversing device above the pair of withdrawal rollers, then the sheet would need after the treatment roller segment, again to reach above the delivery. This thought, until now, has meant that system builders do not conduct the web across the stretch - even though quite short - between delivery and reversal, not to mention conducting horizontally. Because each piece of the path, through which the web is guided laterally, it then needs to be driven back which makes a large number of rollers necessary.
[0086] The aspect present here recognized, however, that it can sometimes make sense to provide for a greater number of rollers and / or change bars in a segment of treatment rollers. However, a blown sheet system with a reversing unit has a significantly lower construction when the various rollers in the treatment roller path between the withdrawal and the reversing unit are arranged as horizontally as possible. With a lower construction height, a height of the production room is also necessary, so that considerable costs can be saved.
[0087] The treatment roller path may have a temperature regulation that causes the heating medium to heat the double layer web at the entrance of the treatment roller path by less than 80 K, preferably by less than 30 K .
[0088] It is insignificant if the regulation determines the current temperature, for example, on the double layer continuous sheet or on the roller surface when a heating roller is used. In practice, a variation is preferred, where the temperature of a fluid return is measured in the roller.
[0089] Theoretically the regulation can even exist without a temperature sensor, since in the case of a predefined temperature course of the melt in the blowing head and rising above that until withdrawal, it is relatively well known at what temperature the continuous sheet of double layer enters the treatment roller segment.
[0090] The main point in the heating medium in the treatment roller path is to provide a heating that is just a little above the inlet temperature of the double layer web.
[0091] In general, it should be noted that the temperature indications mentioned in the scope of the present patent application must be understood as average technical temperatures. In practice, temperatures fluctuate over the length of a roll, that is, over the width of the web, most of the time in any case by 1 to 4 K.
[0092] Thus, the energy balance of the blown leaf system can be optimized: the cooling of the rising tubular leaf is regulated in such a way that when it reaches the calibration device and on the delivery rollers, it is sufficiently cold. It then passes through the mechanically critical point on the delivery roll, and then only needs to be heated to a very small extent in order to be easily extendable.
[0093] For sheets, for example, polypropylene can be used. In the endothermic process, that is, during melting and extrusion, the melting starts at about 160 ° C to 168 ° C. During the rise, that is, during the cooling of the leaf, crystallization, however, occurs at 115 ° C to 135 ° C. Below these temperatures, the double-layer web can be crushed operationally by the pair of withdrawal rollers, and pulled. After the pair of withdrawal rollers, a heating of, for example, 10 K to 50 K is enough to not take the sheet back to the melting point, but to still be able to stretch the web with procedural safety.
[0094] It is also conceivable that the ambient temperature TU at the site of the blown leaf system is about 30 ° C. Then, in conventional systems, the web reaches the drawing device at about 30 ° C, often at a temperature just above that. Due to the strong movement of air on the web surface - due to the fast forward movement of the web - in general it is possible to observe a rapid drop in the temperature of the web, as soon as the web after passing through the web. withdrawn, it is transported laterally. For, on removal, the double layer continuous sheet most often has a temperature between about 60 ° C and about 80 °.
[0095] For the stretching process in a flat position package, temperatures around 80 ° C are often sufficient. For a previous stretching process of an MDO, in most cases temperatures around 85 ° C are sufficient. And for stretching in the scope of an MDO, temperatures around 100 ° C to 105 ° C for polyethylene, 130 ° C to 140 ° C for polypropylene, and around 70 ° C for polyamide should reign on the web. Thus, directly after removal, depending on the application case, heating for only a few K is sufficient, or even simply maintaining the temperature, which is also made possible by a heating medium.
[0096] In an especially preferred embodiment, the treatment roller path features a heating roller to heat the double layer continuous sheet for easier treatment within the treatment roller segment.
[0097] A heating roller is a roller that is mechanically engaged with the double layer continuous sheet as soon as the blown sheet system comes into operation. Along a predetermined segment of the roll surface, defined by the contact angle, the double-layer web is in contact with the heating roll. Especially during this contact phase, a good heat flow goes from the heating roll to the sheet.
[0098] The heating roller itself runs inside, for example, as close to the surface as possible, as an active heating medium.
[0099] It can be predicted that a heating roller is prepared for the generation of a segmented temperature profile along its roller length. A division, for example, into two, three, four or more segments can be envisaged. The individual segments can be traversed, for example, by different heating fluids, or within the roll or on the roll active heating means can be provided. If the roll can generate a segmented temperature profile, the sheet can receive a targeted temperature profile.
[00100] A heating station for the double layer continuous sheet can also be performed in another way and not with a heating roller, for example, with a heating segment with thermal radiators.
[00101] An analogous thought can also be transmitted to all the following types of "rollers", which should be understood only as examples for "seasons" - if preferred.
[00102] Preferably, the heating station, that is, mainly the heating roller, has a temperature gauge so that it can be adjustable within a firmly definable temperature range. This temperature range must be so adjustable that the temperature resulting from the outgoing double layer web is less than 80 K, preferably less than 30 K or 20 K, above that of the approaching double layer web .
[00103] Illustrated in three examples:
[00104] In a flat position package in the treatment roller segment, the inlet temperature of the double layer continuous sheet can be, for example, 69 ° C, that is, a usual temperature in the removal roller pair. If for the drawing in the scope of the flat position package a temperature of 80 ° C is desired, then the heating station should heat the double-layer web only by about 20 K. Compared with a conventional system, where the web double layer, for example, is first stretched on the floor of the production room, that is, with an inlet temperature to the flat position package of about 30 ° C, a fact that requires a subsequent heating for about 50 K, now the amount of energy for the subsequent heating of 30 K is saved.
[00105] It is suggested that the double layer continuous sheet, when leaving the heating roller, has a high temperature between +5 K and +80 K. Preferred values are: a. + 5 K to +20 K for a package flat layer, especially with an outlet temperature of about 80 ° C; b. + 5 K to +25 K for a previous drawing [restretch], especially with about 85 ° C at the outlet.
[00106] It is suggested that the treatment roller path has a drawing segment for a longitudinal drawing of the double layer continuous sheet.
[00107] It has already been explained above that a drawing segment is carried out constructively by the fact that, in the direction of the machine, first, a holding roller or other holding means is provided. After which the drawing segment has on its side away from the machine direction a drawing roller, or, as explained above, a drawing roller pair, for faster transport of the double layer web than on the roller retention.
[00108] For example, in the case of diameters of the same size as a holding roller and a drawing roller, a higher rotation speed can be set on the drawing roller and a lower rotation speed on the holding roller. In both cases, it is the circumferential speed according to the value. Depending on how the sheet passes through the treatment roller segment, a stretch segment can be achieved both with the rollers rotating in the same orientation, and also with rollers rotating in the opposite orientation. If the sheet, within the drawing segment, crosses the direct connection of the two roll axes, then the rollers must extend in the opposite direction, otherwise, in the same direction of rotation.
[00109] A “stretch” ratio within the stretch segment is preferably 1: 2 to 1: 4, especially from 1: 2 for the previous stretch sheet for agricultural use. In general, a stretch ratio in the stretch segment from 1: 2 to 1: 1 can be considered advantageous, but especially the scope mentioned first from 1: 2 to 1: 4.
[00110] An “elasticity” ratio within the stretch segment is greater than 1: 1, but preferably only up to more or less 1: 1.05.
[00111] The holding roller can preferably take on two functions, that is, for example, being a heating roller or otherwise being the heating station.
[00112] In general, it is worth calling attention to the fact that, within the scope of this patent application, the indeterminate numerals "one", "two" etc. they should not be interpreted as “precisely one”, “precisely two” etc., but, in normal cases, as an indeterminate article. Information such as "one„ "," two ... "etc., should be interpreted as meaning" at least two. " etc., if it does not result from the respective context that we speak of only “precisely one”, “precisely two” etc.
[00113] In a particularly broad thought, even the delivery roller or the pair of withdrawal rollers, ideally in the form of a pair of crushing rollers, can be the means of heating, and eventually even serve simultaneously as a roll of retention. However, as a general rule, this would produce a worse form of execution, since a heated delivery roll always carries the risk of overheating the sheet already in the mechanical contact of the delivery, damaging it in an uncontrolled manner. Finally, the pair of withdrawal rollers also acts for the treatment roller path indirectly as a retention mechanism, since it predefines a certain narrow speed range. Also, for the reasons given above, it is preferred that between the pair of withdrawal rollers and the drawing roll which transports considerably more quickly, at least one roll which transports more slowly compared to the drawing roll is provided as a holding roll. .
[00114] The drawing segment or the drawing length as such can ideally have a maximum length of 120 cm, especially a maximum length of 50 cm or 15 cm, above all a maximum of 10 cm or 5 cm.
[00115] During the inventors' tests it became evident that a shortest stretch segment possible is advantageous, in order to keep a transverse contraction of the double layer continuous sheet as small as possible. On the other hand, it facilitates considerably the insertion of the double layer continuous sheet when starting the system, when between the rolls of the treatment roller path there is a free distance of at least 5 cm, preferably of at least 10 cm. The top of the sheet can then be inserted more easily between the rollers.
[00116] It is preferred that at least one of the rollers that make up the treatment roller segment, can be moved or rotated out of its position to facilitate insertion. This principle can be adopted from US 4 086 045 without being an inventive step.
[00117] It is suggested that the treatment roller path after the drawing segment has a tempering roller or a pair of temperature regulating rollers or another temperature regulating station in order to loosen the continuous sheet of double layer after drawing.
[00118] Tests by the inventor's prototypes have shown that a memory effect of the drawn sheet on the drawing segment towards the machine can be considerably reduced if the drawing segment is followed by a second active heating device, especially in the form of a station temperature control with a tempering roller.
[00119] The first tempering roll can also be the drawing roll, and / or one or more temperature regulating rollers can be provided.
[00120] In the temperature regulation segment, the double layer continuous sheet should have a temperature between -5 K to +30 K, preferably between +/- 0 K and +20 K, respectively in comparison with the temperature of the double layer continuous sheet in the drawing area.
[00121] Preferably, the drawing roll is at the same time realized as a first tempering roll, which can still be followed by a first or even a second tempering roll.
[00122] Preferably, several temperature regulating rollers have the same temperature regulation, that is, they are regulated in such a way that during the path they supply the same temperature to the double layer continuous sheet. In practice, this is easily adjusted - subject to divergence - with the help of setting the same temperature as the reflux of the heating fluid.
[00123] The concept of “same temperature regulation” will not be abandoned when subsequent rolls provide slightly different temperatures to the double-layer web, especially in an oscillation range of +/- 5 K or +/- 10 K.
[00124] It may be desirable to purposely generate an upward or downward temperature cascade in the double layer continuous sheet by means of the heating and / or temperature regulation rollers.
[00125] As a general rule, each station, mainly the heating station, temperature regulation station and the refrigeration station, can have several rollers to be traversed successively by the double layer continuous sheet. In this way, adjusting the leaf temperature to the desired values is made easier.
[00126] Finally, it is suggested that the treatment roller path has a cooling station for the double layer continuous sheet, especially a cooling roller, mainly with an active cooling medium.
[00127] In the temperature cascade mentioned above it is suggested that the double layer continuous sheet cooling station generates a temperature jump between -5 K and -80 K, especially between -10 K and -20 K, especially of about 60 ° C and / or about room temperature, and / or up to about 40 ° C to 60 ° C. An existing reversal provides a safe process even with leaf temperatures of around 60 ° C.
[00128] A cooling roller can already be understood as a cooling roller when it does not have any active heating medium, preferably, however, it has an active cooling medium.
[00129] In particular, a cooling roller may have an appropriate heat dissipating medium, for example, a water circuit or other fluid circuit for a cooling medium that enters the refrigeration roller and exits the refrigeration roller through a line.
[00130] In a preferred embodiment, a heat exchanger, an electrically driven fluid pump and / or a cooling pump are integrated into the circuit and connected to the cooling roller.
[00131] The treatment roller path can advantageously have a regulation for an improvement of the flat position, with a longitudinal stretching of the double layer continuous sheet by 0.5 to 5%.
[00132] As an alternative, the treatment roller path can have a regulation to stretch, precisely for a longitudinal stretching of the double layer continuous sheet by more than 5%, preferably by more than 100%, or by more than 500 %. Above, data has already been mentioned for a possible configuration for a stretch, that is, as MDO, with a stretch ratio within the stretch segment from ideally 1: 2 to 1:10, and / or with a stretch ratio of the roller. retention to the cooling roller ideally 1: 2 to 1: 4.
[00133] Above, possible temperature jumps between the outlet temperatures of the double layer continuous sheet of the rollers or of different execution stations within the treatment roller segment have already been explained.
[00134] Regardless of the other general conditions mentioned above, it is suggested that the treatment roller path features a heating roller for the double layer continuous sheet with a temperature degree of + / 0 K or from +1 K to +80 K or more in the case of fast moving double layer continuous sheets, especially of polypropylene, especially compared to the previous station seen in the direction of the machine, and / or the temperature of the delivery roller.
[00135] As an alternative or cumulatively it is suggested that the treatment roller path has a drawing roller for the double layer continuous sheet with a temperature degree of -10 K, preferably +5 K, up to +30 K , or +50 K or more in the case of fast moving double layer continuous sheets, compared to the previous station seen in the direction of the machine.
[00136] As an alternative or cumulatively it is suggested that the treatment roller path has a tempering roller for the double layer continuous sheet, with a temperature degree of -10 K, preferably from +5 K, to +30 K, or +50 K or more, in the case of fast moving double layer continuous sheets, compared to the previous station seen towards the machine.
[00137] As an alternative or cumulatively it is suggested that the treatment roller path has a cooling roller for the double layer continuous sheet, with a temperature degree of -10 K to -80 K, or -100 K in the case fast-moving double-layer continuous sheets, compared to the previous station, seen in the direction of the machine.
[00138] In order to obtain the lowest possible construction of the entire system, especially when a reversing unit is arranged above it, it is suggested that the path of treatment rollers present in the path of the double layer continuous sheet two segments partial cross-sectional orientation, preferably three partial cross-sectional segments, in particular traversing respectively a vertical upward direction on the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[00139] Regarding a “transverse” orientation, it has already been explained above that it must already exist when in a direction of view from the side of the rollers, that is, parallel to the orientation of the axis of rotation of the rollers, the direct connection between two subsequent rolls is horizontal rather than vertical, that is, at most 45 ° in front of the horizontal, preferably at most 30 °, preferably more preferably, at most 15 °, 10 ° or 5 °.
[00140] Decisive for the height of construction is not the path of the sheet, but the arrangement of the different rollers. The sheet, regardless of the predetermined roll arrangement, can be sized to run on one or the other side, due to its virtually negligible thickness, it does not require any real construction height.
[00141] In this case, it may even be advantageous that the sheet in the partial segments arranged transversely is less horizontal than the connection between the two roller axes.
[00142] The characteristic described above that a partial segment crosses a vertical upward direction over the pair of withdrawal rollers must be understood that the predicted leaf path between the two subsequent rollers crosses that vertically arranged virtual plane that is above the nip of the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[00143] In such a configuration, therefore, rollers are arranged on both sides of the vertically upward plane on the pair of withdrawal rollers, with the sheet moving overlapping on the sides, preferably going in a shuttle, so that a very long sheet movement path is obtained for the treatment roller segment, but at the same time, the construction height is kept low.
[00144] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the treatment roller path has three equally oriented partial segment segments, especially traversing only one vertical upward direction over the withdrawal roller pair.
[00145] In such an embodiment, for example, four rollers are arranged at least essentially in a line, and precisely in a line that runs transversely to the direction of ascent, preferably almost or exactly horizontal.
[00146] For insertion, the treatment roller path may have an insertion aid with a roller being displaceable or rotatable. This has already been explained. The depth of gearing (threading) can preferably be adjusted to desired measures, that is, ideally, it can be controlled electronically through a system command.
[00147] It should be noted that, in addition to the longitudinal stretching of the double-layer continuous sheet, means for transverse stretching can also be provided, for example, with guide ways arranged in a divergent manner, in which singular claw means, such as tweezers or needles that finally pull the web across the machine direction.
[00148] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the task placed is solved with a process for the production of a continuous blown sheet in a blown sheet system, mainly in a blown sheet system as described above, with the steps - Extrude a tubular sheet; - Inflate the tubular sheet in a tube-forming zone for the transverse stretching of the tubular sheet; - Cool the ascending tubular sheet with a cooling medium; - Flatten the tubular sheet to form a double layer continuous sheet with a flattening device; - Deliver the double layer continuous sheet with a pair of withdrawal rollers under longitudinal stretching of the tubular sheet; the process being characterized by the following steps: - Conducting the double layer web above the pair of withdrawal rollers further up and through a path of treatment rollers with a heating medium in order to heat the web double layer; - Treat the double layer continuous sheet in the treatment roller segment, especially stretching the double layer continuous sheet in a stretch segment of the treatment roller path and / or - Conduct the double layer continuous sheet within the roller path of treatment around a first drawing roll and around a second drawing roll following the first drawing roll, - the pair of withdrawal rollers being driven with a speed of delivery roll, and the the second drawing roll is driven with a drawing speed that is higher than the speed of the delivery rolls and the speed of the first drawing roll, so that during the operation of the blown sheet system (1) the double layer continuous sheet is drawn between the first and the second drawing roller towards the machine, - within the treatment roller segment, before and / or on the first drawing roller, a traction force breaking brake is provided which prevents a pulling force rupture from the first drawing roller to the withdrawing roller pair, so that the pulling force breaking brake represents a bearing for the absorption of the pulling force.
[00149] It has already been explained above that these treatment steps represent a great advantage. Due to the fact that the sheet in the form of the double layer continuous sheet above the delivery rollers continues to be driven upwards, a long continuous sheet conduction is avoided which prevents further cooling of the sheet by consuming energy after the pair of rollers. withdrawal.
[00150] In this way, the sheet can be taken from the first heat, with only a little additional energy, to a better temperature level for the treatment and then be stretched, especially stretched, or be treated in another way, for example, the surface may undergo treatment and / or the sheet may be stamped, and / or components may be joined or inserted, such as, for example, active or passive oscillating circuits, often referred to as RFID chips, and / or the sheet may receive a radiation, and / or the sheet can be laminated, and / or a corona treatment of the surface can be carried out, and / or the sheet can be stamped, and / or a glue can be applied, and / or an anti-sticking agent can be applied, and / or an anti-fog coating can be applied, and / or a purposeful temperature regulation of the double layer continuous sheet can be performed to support the migration of additives when additives need to migrate to the sheet surface in order to act there, so that one subsequent temperature regulation or storage can be dispensed with, migration in essence is a function of temperature.
[00151] A purposeful influence may or may not be exerted on the shrinkage values of the sheet. By setting the temperature sufficiently long, the shrinkage after drawing can be reduced until the generation of a so-called “dead leaf”, without shrinkage. Alternatively, an increase in the retraction values, especially the retraction values in the direction of the machine, can be obtained through the purposeful "freezing" of stresses.
[00152] A purposeful adjustment of the tendency to roll may or may not be made until the tendency to roll is inhibited in asymmetric sheet structures.
[00153] For the above applications, the process described here and the blown sheet system described here can be used to advantage.
[00154] For the insertion of the double layer continuous sheet when starting the blown sheet system, one or more rolls of the treatment roller path can be moved or rotated from their working position, and the double layer continuous sheet can be armed after insertion by repositioning or turning back.
[00155] Finally, according to a fourth aspect or modality of the present invention, the task placed is solved with a sheet produced with a blown sheet system and / or by means of a process as described above.
[00156] Both the system and the process have a noticeable and understandable effect on the finished sheet: it produces a biaxially stretched sheet, especially homogeneous when the first heat molecules are immediately reheated again and then stretched, instead of letting them cool down first .
[00157] After the sheet once cooled, it needs to be heated very quickly to the desired temperature range - in order for the blown sheet system to work with economic viability - which will produce the sheet properties described that are not uniformly predictable.
[00158] The quality of the sheet product produced with the suggested process is also clearly advantageous on the sheet, if the parameters in the blown sheet system are adjusted appropriately in accordance with the present invention.
[00159] Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with the help of six examples of execution making reference to the drawing, which show:
[00160] Figure 1 schematically shows, in a vertical cutting plane, vertically to a pair of withdrawal rollers, a first variation of a treatment roller path with five rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them.
[00161] Figure 2 shows in a view unchanged from figure 1 a second variation of a treatment roller path with five rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them.
[00162] Figure 3 shows in a view unchanged from figure 1 a third variation of a treatment roller path with five rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them.
[00163] Figure 4 shows schematically, in a vertical cutting plane through a pair of withdrawal rollers, a fourth variation of a segment of treatment rollers, with five rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them, with a height minor construction, especially as execution for an MDO unit.
[00164] Figure 5 shows schematically in a vertical cutting plane through a pair of withdrawal rollers, a fifth variation of a segment of treatment rollers, with four rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them, especially as execution for a flat position package.
[00165] Figure 6 shows in a highly schematic way a possible sixth variation for a treatment roller path with the lowest possible construction height.
[00166] Figure 7 shows a diagram for the generation of the longitudinal traction force a over a longitudinal stretch ε of a sheet of synthetic material.
[00167] Figure 8 shows schematically, in a vertical cutting plane through a pair of withdrawal rollers, a sixth variation of a segment of treatment rollers, with five rollers and a reversing unit arranged above them.
[00168] Figure 9 shows schematically in a vertical cutting plane through a pair of withdrawal rollers a seventh variation of a segment of treatment rollers, with six rollers for four treatment stations and with a reversing unit arranged above them .
[00169] The blown sheet system 1 (only shown at the top) of figure 1 consists essentially of an extruder, a blowing head with a ring-shaped die, a rising segment disposed above it for an extruded tubular sheet, a calibration device, a flattening unit, and a pair of withdrawal rollers 2 above the flattening unit, a first delivery roll 3 being carried by a first support 4 finely adjustable in its position, whereas the second delivery roller 5 is supported on a sliding bearing support 7 and can be horizontally displaced by an adjustment cylinder 6. The adjustment cylinder 6 can move the second delivery roller 5 horizontally, bringing it closer to the first delivery roller 3 and moving away from it.
[00170] Above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, a path of treatment rollers 8 is provided. In the segment there are five rollers, precisely a first roll 9, a second roll 10, a third roll 11, a fourth roll 12, and a fifth roll 13.
[00171] The five rolls of the treatment roller path 8 are arranged alternately on different sides of a virtual plane 14 that runs parallel to central axes 15 (marked by way of example) of the two delivery rolls and that passes vertically through the nip between the two delivery rolls. The virtual plane means the plane through which the flat sheet would pass if the flat sheet, coming from the nip of the delivery rollers, would simply rise vertically upwards. In the vertical section, vertically to the central axes 15, the virtual plane 14 appears as a vertical line, following the vertical upward direction of the sheet and starting at the nip of the pair of withdrawal rollers.
[00172] The first roll 9, the third roll 11 and the fifth roll 13 are on a first side 16 of the virtual plane 14; the second roll 10 and the fourth roll 12, on the other hand, are located on a second opposite side 17 of the virtual plane 14.
[00173] At the same time, all five rollers of the treatment roller path 8 are positioned so close to each other vertically that a horizontal projection of the rollers onto the virtual plane 14 results in an overlap of the first roll 9 with the second respectively. roll 10, from the second roll 10 with the third roll 11, from the third roll 11 with the fourth roll 12, and from the fourth roll 12 with the fifth roll 13, and this in precisely about a third of the entire diameter size of the five rolls.
[00174] The first four rollers 9, 10, 11, 12 of the treatment roller path 8 are the same size, whereas the two delivery rollers 3, 5 of the withdrawal roller pair 2 and the fifth roll 13 are bigger.
[00175] The distances 18 (marked by way of example) of the five rolls of the treatment roller path 8 to each other are at least 50 mm respectively.
[00176] The first roller 9 is equipped with speed regulation, so that its surface speed in rotation can be regulated very precisely for a given measure.
[00177] The second roller 10 is equipped with a drive and a regulation, which can regulate the second roller 10 for a circumferential speed clearly greater than that of the first roller 9.
[00178] The third and fourth roll 11, 12 can be operable, for example, at the same speed as that of the second roll 10 or, preferably, slower than that of the second roll 10.
[00179] The fifth roll 13 can also be operable, for example, at least in essence with the same speed as that of the fourth roll 12 or, preferably, slower than that of the fourth roll 12.
[00180] It should be noted that it may be advantageous to decrease the speed after a drawing, in order to allow tension relief in the sheet.
[00181] In addition, the first roller 9 is equipped with an active heating medium and a temperature sensor (both are not shown), precisely, a pipe for a heating fluid with a connection that conducts heat to the surface of the first roll 9, while the temperature sensor can either determine the surface temperature by means of a non-contact measurement of the first roll 9 and / or the double layer web coming out.
[00182] Preferably, the temperature sensor is arranged in a return of the heating fluid, so that, under the acceptance of a certain inaccuracy, it can be assumed that the leaf leaves a little colder than the return temperature of the fluid of heating.
[00183] Ideally, the outlet temperature of a double layer continuous sheet is exactly the temperature of the roll surface. However, in practice, the leaf coming out will often be a little hotter or colder, depending on whether it has been cooled or heated by the roller.
[00184] The technician in the subject, for the execution of an especially precise execution form, can measure the exit temperatures of the sheet of the various rolls, for example, without contact, by means of an infrared sensor, and with the help of the current temperatures of the sheet, adjust the roller temperatures.
[00185] The second roll 10, the third roll 11 and the fourth roll 12, independently of each other, can also be respectively equipped with such an active heating medium.
[00186] In any case, a roll, in this case, the fifth roll 13, is equipped with an active cooling medium.
[00187] Above the treatment roller path 8 there are two bypass rollers 19 without actuation (marked as an example), on the way to a reversing unit 20 arranged above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, and the roller path of treatment 8, the bypass rollers 19 and the reversing unit 20 are well known in the state of the art and therefore do not need to be explained in detail.
[00188] Both the two delivery rollers 3, 5 of the withdrawal roller pair 2 as well as the five treatment rollers in the treatment roller path 8 and, finally, also the bypass rollers 19, are supported on their sides in a machine frame 21.
[00189] Two temperature control devices 22 (marked as an example) are provided beside the machine frame 21. With the temperature control devices 22, the tempered rollers of the treatment roller path 8 are connected by means of cooling medium lines or heating medium lines, preferably also by means of temperature sensor data lines ( not shown). In the temperature regulation devices 22, electronic micro-controllers (not shown) are provided or with access to the temperature regulation devices 22 (which are not shown) that can carry out the adjusted regulation of the temperature of the tempered rollers with the help of the fluid return.
[00190] During the operation of the blown sheet system 1, a tubular sheet (not shown) is extruded by the extruder (not shown) through the ring-shaped die (not shown). The tubular sheet is pulled along the blown sheet system 1 upwards, through the calibration device (not shown) and the flattening device (not shown). At the end of the flattening, the tubular sheet is largely flat and in this form it enters the pair of withdrawal rollers 2. From this point it is a double layer continuous sheet 23.
[00191] The double-layer web 23 can be selectively driven in a straight upward direction above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, coinciding with the virtual plane 14, between rollers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the path of treatment rollers 8 and then be guided to the bypass rollers 19 and from there to the reversing unit 20.
[00192] In this case, the blown leaf system 1 corresponds to a conventional blown leaf system. The reversing unit rotates during the operation of the blown sheet system 1, thus generating in a coil (not shown) on the floor of the assembly place (not shown) a sheet winding to be wound as uniformly as possible.
[00193] In an alternative - and preferred in this case - conduction path, in contrast, the double layer continuous sheet 23 passes around the five rollers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the treatment roller path 8, being that due to the geometry of the rollers with each other, in any case in the second roll 10, third roll 11 and the fourth roll 12 results in a contact angle greater than 180 °. The contact angle of the first roll 9 depends especially on the positioning height of the first roll 9 in relation to the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, and the diameters of the three rollers and, in addition, the distance of the first roll 9 from the virtual plane 14. In the arrangement chosen here, the contact angle on the first roller 9 is about 170 °.
[00194] The same goes for the fifth roll 13, in which case in particular the positioning in relation to the virtual plane 14, the first deflection roller 19, and the diameter between the fifth roller 13 and the first deflection roller 19 is relevant. .
[00195] In the configuration described, the double layer continuous sheet 23 goes upwards, in the direction of extrusion, that is, towards the machine, crossing the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 and there, first in a clockwise direction (all information on the clockwise and counterclockwise directions refer to the observation of the cutting plane of the figures) is conducted around the first roller 9. The first roller 9 serves as a holding roller. At the same time, the first roller 9 is traversed by a first of a total of three heating or cooling circuits within the treatment roller path 8, precisely by a heating circuit.
[00196] In a configuration of the first variation of the blown sheet system 1 in figure 1, the double layer continuous sheet 23 can arrive from the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, for example, with a sheet inlet temperature of about 60 ° C to about 80 ° C.
[00197] The first roll 9 is regulated in such a way that its circumferential speed is the same as the double layer web 23 experienced in the pair of withdrawal rollers 2. In the distance between the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 and the first roll 9, the double layer web 23 does not undergo any mechanical influence.
[00198] Because of the wide contact angle of the double layer web 23 around the first roll 9, the double layer web 23 moves on the first roll 9 with static friction, therefore, with exactly the same speed as defines the surface of the roller, also if the friction friction does not exist along the entire contact angle.
[00199] The first temperature circuit, ie the heating circuit that passes through the first roller 9 in its function as a holding roller, is adjusted, for example, to a temperature difference in the leaf between +5 K and +10 K , relative to the temperature of the sheet at the outlet of the first delivery roll 3 above. Therefore, the double layer web 23, when passing around the first roll 9, is heated by 5 K to 10 K. This small temperature difference is enough to significantly increase the processing capacity of the double layer web 23, because the blown leaf system 1 is regulated in such a way (below the area shown in figure 1) that the leaf only cools down during the ascent and, thus, when crossing the two delivery rollers 3, 5 it still presents a temperature that is quite high, in the example tested, between 60 ° C and 80 ° C.
[00200] With only very little energy that needs to be provided by the temperature regulating device 22, the sheet can very quickly be brought from the first heat to a very processable heat level, in order to facilitate longitudinal stretching.
[00201] The second roll 10 of the present execution example is performed as a stretch roll. In positive tests, it was driven with circumferential speed three times to four times higher than in the first roll 9. In stretching ratios that were 1: 3, a leaf quality resulted that seemed more appropriate for a previous drawing of forage ensiled; however, with a higher stretch ratio number, that is, more to 1: 4 or more, it resulted in better processability, especially with regard to the optical quality of the sheet.
[00202] The second roll 10, that is, the stretching roll, in the positive tests, was predicted as the first of all three rolls of a second temperature circuit, precisely of a temperature regulation circuit. The tempering circuit passes through the second roll 10, the third roll 11 and the fourth roll 12. The temperature at the reflux of the temperature regulation circuit has been adjusted to + 5 K to + 20 K compared to the reflux of the first roller 9 , that is, the holding roller.
[00203] Thus, second roller 10 fulfills two functions: on the one hand it is a stretching roller, on the other hand it is a temperature regulation station in the form of a tempering roller.
[00204] The third roll 11 and the fourth roll 12 are performed as temperature regulating rollers, that is, they essentially maintain in any case the temperature level of the stretch roller quite high and thus produce a relaxation of the layer web double stretched 23, a fact that helps to minimize a memory effect of the retraction that would otherwise occur.
[00205] The fifth roller 13, performed as a refrigeration roller, is connected to the third of the three temperature circuits, precisely to a refrigeration circuit. The temperature level at the backflow of the refrigeration circuit ideally was between -10 K and -20 K compared to the backflow of the previous roll, that is, of the last tempering roll.
[00206] In all five rolls of the treatment roller path 8, the double layer web 23 circulates predominantly with static friction. Ideally, therefore, the five rollers have a coating on the surface, especially a spiral groove or a silicone coating.
[00207] It is logical that at least one contact roller or one tightening roller can be provided for each roller. In prototype tests, however, it has already become evident that an operation without contact rollers is entirely sufficient.
[00208] As a means of heating and cooling for the temperature regulation devices 22 and the three temperature regulation circuits, water has been used.
[00209] At the exit, the blown leaf system 1 was operated with a leaf speed between 94 meters per minute and 340 meters per minute, and with a stretch ratio between the first roll 9 and the fifth roll 13 between 1: 2 and 1: 3, the smaller stretch ratio being appropriate, that is, more 1: 2, better for silage pre-stretch products.
[00210] In several embodiments of the present invention, the blown sheet system 1 provides, above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2, a treatment roller path 8 with a heating means for the double layer web 23, that is, with the fluid circuit heated on the first roll 9, and in addition with the temperature regulation circuit on the second roll 10, the third roll 11 and the fourth roll 12.
[00211] In the present case, several active heating means are even provided for the double layer web 23, precisely in total four different rollers.
[00212] The provision of a heating medium in several rolls, at least in three rolls, especially with two different fluid circuits, is also an advantage in itself.
[00213] In the second embodiment of the present invention there is a transverse-oriented treatment roller path above the removal roller pair 2 respectively, since, from roller to roller within the treatment roller path 8, the rollers between they constitute an angle of 35 ° to 40 ° in front of the horizontal, that is, they are oriented more horizontally than vertically. This means that the rollers, due to their sufficient lateral displacement, can be arranged in a construction so low that in a projection of the virtual plane 14 overlap results, in total, therefore, they present a construction height less than the addition of the diameters of the five rollers. .
[00214] In the second variation of a blown sheet system 1 'in figure 2, the system up to the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 can be of identical or similar configuration.
[00215] Above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 and below the reversing unit 20, five rollers are again arranged, i.e., a first roll 9 ', a second roll 10', a third roll 11 ', a fourth roll 12 'and a fifth roll 13', before that on top, then a deflection roll 19 is provided.
[00216] The five rollers perform the same function as described in the first variation of figure 1, there are also the same three tempering circuits.
[00217] But, in the second variation, the second roll 10 ’and the fourth roll 12’ are arranged on the same side of the virtual plane 14 as the first roll 9 ’, the third roll 11’ and the fifth roll 13 ’. Therefore, all rollers are arranged on the same side of the virtual plane 14.
[00218] A direct connection between the nip of the withdrawal roller pair 2 and the bypass roller 19 is free, so that the double-layer web 23 can selectively be conducted directly vertically upwards, without passing around the rollers on the treatment roller path 8.
[00219] However, preferably this variation is also designed as an MDO system, that is, for the longitudinal stretching of the sheet even beyond the plastic fluidity of the double layer continuous sheet 23.
[00220] The five rolls of the treatment roller path 8 have a very small clearance distance that is below 5 cm. When starting the blown sheet system 1 ', therefore, it is only very difficult, in the operating position shown by the rollers of the treatment roller path 8, to insert the sheet between them, also when the rollers are driven in the direction of rotation respectively opposite to its predecessor.
[00221] For the insertion of a beginning (not shown) of the double layer continuous sheet 23, two rolls, precisely the second roll 10 'and the fourth roll 12' can be moved to the left, that is, to the opposite side from the virtual plane 14. The double-layer web 23 can then simply be inserted vertically between the five rolls, then the second roll 10 'and the fourth roll 12' are again moved to the same side 17 of the virtual plane 14, how the remaining three rolls are positioned, and the extrusion process can be operated as a Steady State process.
[00222] Preferably, the second roll 10 'can be moved to the imaginary plane of the axes of the rollers 9', 11 ', 13' or even to, in addition, resulting in a stretch segment that can be adjusted progressively . In preliminary tests, drawing length adjustment appeared technically appropriate for the process, for example, because the passage through the imagined plane resulted in a greater tolerance for defects in the face of defects.
[00223] In the insertion position of the second roll 10 'and the fourth roll 12', the blown sheet system 1 'can be operated like a conventional blown sheet system.
[00224] In the third variation of a blown sheet system 1 '' in figure 3, the same construction was chosen in essence as in the second variation of the blown sheet system 1 'in figure 2, however, the five rollers of the roller path of treatment 8 '' are all on the first side 16 of the virtual plane 14. Since an entry side in the reversing unit 20 is also on the first side 16 of the virtual plane 14, the path can go directly from the fifth roller 13 '' to the reversing unit 20. A bypass roller 19 is not required.
[00225] The fifth roll 13 '' is arranged in such a way in relation to the previous rollers, that its edge facing the virtual plane 14 protrudes beyond the previous four rollers, so that the double layer continuous sheet 23 can be driven, without insertion and without crossing the treatment roller path 8, around the four previous rollers. The contact angle of the double layer web 23 around the fifth roll 13 '' is likewise, without insertion, almost 90 °, in an inserted state up to almost 180 °, so that a sufficient guide is guaranteed.
[00226] Also in the third variation of the blown leaf system 1 '' in figure 3 - as in the second variation of the blown leaf system 1 'in figure 2 - a meshing of the second and fourth roll is provided, so that with a straight simple insertion the top of the sheet can be threaded at the start of the system.
[00227] Also the fourth embodiment of the blown sheet system 1 ’’ ’in figure 4 is identical to the variations described above, up to a pair of withdrawal rollers 2’ ’’.
[00228] That first delivery roller 3 '' 'which is on the same side 16 of the entrance to the reversing unit 20 is displaceable in the fourth variation of the blown sheet system 1' '' for insertion and to close the pair of 2 '' withdrawal rollers. In contrast, a second delivery roller 5 ’’ ’which is on an opposite side 17 of the virtual plane 14 is, in principle, stationary.
[00229] Above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 '' 'are horizontally arranged side by side four rolls of a treatment roller path 8' '', and laterally and at height offset, a fifth roll 13 '' '.
[00230] Regarding the virtual plane 14 above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 '' ', three rollers of the treatment roller path 8' '' are on the second side 17, here, the right, whereas two rollers of the treatment roller path 8 '' 'are on the first side, that is, the left, of the virtual plane 14, that is, on the same side of the entrance to the reversing unit 20.
[00231] A frame of the machine frame 21 '' 'for the rollers of the treatment roller path 8' '' has a protrusion 24 for that, which faces a main body of the frame of the machine 21 '' 'protrudes laterally . The first roller 9 ’’ ’is supported on the projection 24.
[00232] Due to the horizontal arrangement of several rolls of the 8 '' treatment roller path side by side, in the present case, therefore, in the totality of four rolls of the 8 '' treatment roller path, the sheet system blown 1 '' 'as a whole has a very low construction, although above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2' '' and the treatment roller path 8 '' 'the reversing unit 20 is still arranged.
[00233] Two of the rollers within the 8 '' 'treatment roller path, in the present case, the second 10' '' roll and the fourth 12 '' roll, again are carried out in a shiftable way by engaging, so that insertion into the system when starting is made easier. Precisely in tight space conditions, a rotation can also be envisaged, for example, the second roll 10 '' 'can be executed so that it can rotate around the first roll 9' '', at the same time, the fourth roll 12 ' '', for example, around the fifth roll 13 '' 'or around the third roll 11' ''.
[00234] In a straight extension above the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 '' ', that is, in the virtual plane 14, a straight path 25 was left open for the double layer continuous sheet 23, so that the continuous sheet of double layer 23 can also be produced without traveling the path of 8 '' 'MDO treatment rollers. In this case, it ascends directly to a straight path deviation roller 26 and from there it continues to an entrance 27 of the reversing unit 20.
[00235] Alternatively, the double layer web 23 can be conducted along an MDO path 28 that rotates directly to the opposite side 17 of the virtual plane 14, relative to the entrance 27, passing outside, around the first roll 9 ' '' There follows the passage already described above, through the remaining four rollers that also perform the same functions as described above.
[00236] From the fifth roll 13 '' ', the double layer continuous sheet 23 finally goes, either through another bypass roller 29, or directly, to the entrance 27 of the reversing unit 20 when the circumference of the fifth roll 13 '' 'is enough.
[00237] The fifth roller 13 '' 'which serves as a cooling roller and / or another bypass roller 29 by chance, as well as other refrigeration units, can be displaced with each other or with respect to each other, precisely separately or together, so that the cooling becomes easily adjustable. For example, the fifth roller 13 ’’ ’and the other deflection roller 29 can be supported together on the frame of the machine which rotates about an axis that is parallel to the axis of the shown rollers; or, for example, the other bypass roller 29 can be displaced or vertically swiveled down, so that with very simple movements the contact angle of the double layer web 23 in the MDO 28 path around the fifth roller 13 '' 'can be adjusted and dosed with virtually no graduation. Even in the case of a predefined cooling temperature, it is then possible to adjust the cooling effect before the double layer web 23 enters the reversing unit 20.
[00238] A similar idea can be realized, for example, with the first roller 9 '' '' which ideally serves as a holding roller and at the same time as a heating roller. It can also be moved in height or laterally, so that, due to the altered geometry of the MDO path of the double layer web 23, an altered contact angle around the first 9 '' roll results and an altered drawing length .
[00239] An equal effect can also be obtained with another tightening roller provided there.
[00240] In the fifth variation of the blown sheet system 1 '' '', again a flat position segment 30 is above a pair of withdrawal rollers 2, and above, a reversing unit 20 with an inlet 27.
[00241] Within the flat position segment 30, a first roller 31, a second roller 32, a third roller 33 and a fourth roller 34 are provided. From there, a designated leaf path is provided through a number of passive bypass rolls. 35 (the first is marked as an example) for entry 27 in the reversal unit 20.
[00242] The four rollers of the flat position segment 30, in turn, are provided at a lateral distance from the virtual plane 14, so that a straight path 25 results for the double layer web 23 of the pair of withdrawal rollers 2 directly to the first passive bypass roller 35, and from there, continuing to the reversing unit 20, when the double layer web 23 must not pass through the flat position system.
[00243] Alternatively, the double-layer web 23 can be guided to the first roll 31 - in the present case, for example, around a first offset 36 -, from there, around the second roll 32, from there , around the third roll 33 and, finally, around the fourth roll 34, until the double layer web 23 also in this flat position path 37 again enters straight path 25.
[00244] Respectively two of the four rollers in total of the flat position segment 30 are essentially at the same height. They form a pair with a low build height respectively. A projection on the virtual plane 14 results in an overlapping area between the first roller 31 and the second roller 32 and even a coincidence between the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34.
[00245] But a small overlap is enough to achieve a lower construction height compared to a construction as shown in figures 2 and 3.
[00246] All four rollers in the flat position segment 30, ideally, have a clamping roller 38 (marked as an example) which are respectively pivoted by a clamping arm 39 (marked as a title) example), into the respective roll.
[00247] In the present execution example, only two of the clamping rollers are provided, that is, the first roll 31 which serves as the holding roll and the heating roll, and the second roll 32 which serves as the drawing and tempering roll.
[00248] Between the first roll 31 and the second roll 32 a stretch segment 40 is formed and in the circumferences of the first roll 31 and the second roll 32 great tangential forces are formed.
[00249] In contrast, the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 are executed as cooling rollers, the surface speeds, in accordance with that surface speed of the second roller 32, are regulated in such a way that there are no further expansions, or even slower, so that relaxation can form.
[00250] The described form of execution is idealized as a flat position package, that is, usually with a maximum stretch of 1: 1.05. The draft length is quite long compared to the MDO variations.
[00251] The longer dwell time resulting from this in the drawing segment is advantageous for a wide process window.
[00252] Since only small stretches are performed, small actuation powers are sufficient. Individual drives are also not necessary, since the sheet only works a minimum. Therefore, it is completely sufficient that the holding roller and the second roller 32 are respectively driven and that their speed is adjustable.
[00253] Since only a low temperature level and therefore a low energy level need to be reached, according to the inventors' prototype tests, heating with water is completely sufficient.
[00254] When executing the flat position package, the second roll preferably has the same temperature as the first roll. The first roller serves as a heating and holding roller. The second roller serves as a drawing and tempering roller. The segment between the second roll and the subsequent third roll is then a temperature regulating segment.
[00255] However, in a form of MDO execution, a stretch of 1:10 or even more is possible without problems.
[00256] The stretch length should be as short as possible, in order to reduce the transversal contraction, the so-called Neck-In.
[00257] The conduct of the process is clearly more critical, as only a very short residence time can be recorded in the very short stretch gap.
[00258] Since more rolls need to be seasoned, there is a higher energy consumption, and a temperature regulation segment is necessary for a very long time.
[00259] The drives need to be quite strong in order to overcome the stretch limit of the synthetic material and to easily exceed the fluidity range.
[00260] Individual activations are suggested, in order to allow an individual process to be conducted.
[00261] For an improvement of the simple flat position, an MDO dimensioning, in fact, is too big and thus, in normal cases, economically unfeasible.
[00262] Since high temperatures are required in MDO, oil heating in normal cases is suggested.
[00263] Also in the fifth variation of execution in figure 6, a processing segment of transversal extension, specifically a horizontal one for four rolls, is provided above the pair of withdrawal rollers, with a cooling roll being placed on top, and above the pair of withdrawal rollers, a straight passage of the double layer continuous sheet would be possible.
[00264] Within the horizontal orientation roller segment, two rollers can be moved again, that is, a second roll can be rotated around the first roll, and a fourth roll is displaceable or rotatable and on the other side of the virtual plan 14.
[00265] In the remainder, the fifth variation in figure 6 can be used in a blown sheet system in the same way as the variations described above.
[00266] Regarding the behavior of the sheets to be processed here, a graphic explanation is shown in the diagram in figure 7.
[00267] In an abscissa 41 the longitudinal stretch ε of the sheet is recorded, in an ordinate 42, in contrast, the longitudinal tension within the sheet, that is, a value proportional to the longitudinal tensile force within the sheet. The longitudinal tension is marked with the letter a.
[00268] Starting from a zero point 43, the sheet usually behaves with an upward longitudinal stretch ε in a linear stress increase field 44. After a certain longitudinal stretch ε * or accompanying tension o *, the sheet leaves the range increase in linear tension, and the tension curve flattens, that is, it presents a smaller rise in relation to the abscissa 41.
[00269] From the longitudinal stretch ε *, the longitudinal expansions introduced are irreversible.
[00270] The tension then assumes a first maximum of 45. At this point the so-called plastic fluidity of the sheet begins. The εstreck longitudinal drawing is called the drawing limit. A fluidity band 46 extends from the first maximum 45 of the longitudinal tension o, called ostreck, to that band branch 47 which is again ascending, where the longitudinal tension o again reaches the ostreck tension.
[00271] From there, the longitudinal tension again increases constantly with the increasing ε longitudinal stretching, until a sudden failure occurs in the form of a rupture of the leaf 48.
[00272] From the reaching again of the ostreck tension until the rupture of the leaf an MDO 49 working segment extends.
[00273] On the other hand, a working segment of a flat position package is located in the range below the linear stress increase field 44, however, below the εstreck stretch limit. In the field of increased linear stress 44, that is, until the longitudinal stretching ε *, the sheet remains elastic.
[00274] Therefore, in simple words, the stretching of a flat position package occurs between ε * and the local maximum. On the other hand, the stretching of an MDO occurs from reaching the ostreck again.
[00275] The treatment roller path 50 in figure 8 corresponds in its construction with five rolls, in principle, to the second variation of figure 2 and to the third variation of figure 3, but with its first roller 51, its third roller 52 and its fifth roll 53 immediately comprises three interlocking rollers, while its second roll 54 and its fourth roll 55 are made in a stationary rotary manner.
[00276] For the insertion of the double layer continuous sheet at the beginning of a blowing process, the three rolls engaging, that is, the third roller 52, the third roller 52 and the fifth roller 53 are taken out of their engaged position, in the figure 8, therefore, to the left of the virtual plane 14, so that the double-layer web can simply be taken from a nip 56 of the pair of withdrawal rollers 57 vertically upward to a bypass roller 58. The bypass roller 58 is the first roller that lies beyond the treatment roller path 50. From the bypass roller 58, the double-layer web is guided transversely to an inlet 59 of a reversing unit 60.
[00277] The first roller 51, when engaged, cannot only be moved into the plane of the stationary rolls, that is, the second roller 54 and the fourth roller 55, (in figure 8, shown by a first contour 61 of the first roller 51 engaged). On the contrary, the first roller 51 can be moved across this plane, so that the central axis of the first roller 51 moves beyond that plane which is formed by the central axes of the second roller 54 and the fourth roller 55. The first roller 51 can therefore assume a position for the blowing operation (in figure 8, shown by a second contour 62 of the first roller 51).
[00278] In prototype tests it was evident that preferentially progressive adjustability of the gear depth, especially then with a gear depth crossing the plane of the stationary rollers, can be advantageous for the safety of the process and the resulting sheet quality.
[00279] The treatment roller path 63 according to the seventh variation in figure 9 shows a slightly different construction:
[00280] Above the pair of crush rollers 64, the path of treatment rollers 63 is in vertical orientation.
[00281] A first roller 65 is constructed as a heating roller and at the same time as a holding roller. It can be moved across the virtual plane 14 in a geared manner. The gearing has already been described above several times. Its advantages and also the possibility of a mesh crossing the plane of the static rollers are considered to be known.
[00282] A second roll 66 is provided with a clearly smaller diameter than the first roll 65.
[00283] A third roll 67 is also provided with a smaller diameter than the first roll 65, preferably, as in the present case, constructed with the same diameter as the second roll 66.
[00284] The second roll 66 and the third roll 67 constitute a stretching station where the third roll 67 is executed in engagement. Due to the progressive adjustability of at least one of the two rollers 66, 67 of the stretching station, the stretching length can be adjusted progressively, a fact that has proved to be very advantageous in the prototype tests.
[00285] The second roller 66, which at the same time is a first roller of the stretching station, is preferably driven with the same circumferential speed as the first roller 65, that is, like the large holding roller. Regarding the function of the holding station, the second roller 66 would belong more to the holding station than to the stretching station, and precisely, together with the first roller 65. Only with regard to its diameter, it is also possible to combine the second roll 66 together with the third roll 67 to the stretching station.
[00286] The two small rollers, that is, the second roll 66 and the third roll 67, are not heated, but driven. This makes it possible to construct the second roll 66 and the third roll 67 with very small diameters.
[00287] But, the third roll 67 is driven with a circumferential speed greater than the second roll 66. Between the second roll 66 and the third roll 67, therefore, a stretch segment is formed for the double layer web.
[00288] Assuming that under the given geometric conditions there is a static friction of about 70 ° around the circumference of the third roll 67 which is activated more quickly, then the drawing length of the drawing segment in large roll diameters between about from 250 mm to 290 mm, and small roll diameters between 100 mm and 140 mm, is about 15 cm to 19 cm, specifically, in a prototype test, about 17 cm.
[00289] Following the third roller 67 which is driven more quickly, a first tempering roller 68 and a second tempering roller 69 are provided in the treatment roller path 63, the latter of which can also be placed in its working position so gearing up.
[00290] The two temperature regulating rollers 68, 69 are followed by a cooling roller 70 - in the present example, with a slightly larger diameter. The cooling roller 70 has a contact roller 71.
[00291] The cooling roller 70 constitutes, together with its contact roller 71, the last station of the treatment roller path 63. From there, the double layer continuous sheet is taken to the entrance of the reversal.
[00292] The rollers in the treatment roller path 63 are arranged very closely together, with a vertical clearance of only approximately 10 mm to 30 mm, in order to obtain the lowest possible construction height.
[00293] Preferably, several or even all of the roller surfaces of the treatment roller path 63 have a rough surface, with good touch, ideally with silicone inserted.

权利要求:
Claims (26)
[0001]
1. Blown sheet system (1) with a ring-shaped die to extrude a tubular sheet, characterized by the fact that the system has a tube forming zone for drawing the tubular sheet in the longitudinal and transverse directions, has a cooling medium for the tubular sheet moving in the machine direction, a flattening unit for the tubular sheet to form a double layer continuous sheet (23), and with a pair of withdrawal rollers (2, 57) after the cooling medium for the removal of the tubular sheet, where after the pair of withdrawal rollers (2, 57) a treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) is provided for the longitudinal stretching of the double layer continuous sheet (23 ) in the longitudinal direction, the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) having a first drawing roller and a second drawing roller followed by the first drawing roller, in which the pair of drawing rolls (2, 57) is adapted to be triggered at a withdrawal speed, and the The second drawing roller is adapted to operate at a drawing speed greater than the drawing speed, so that during the operation of the blown sheet system (1) the double layer continuous sheet (23) is stretched in the machine direction between the first and the second roller, where within the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63), before and / or on the first drawing roller, a retarding through drill brake for a pulling force range of the pulling force traction from the second drawing roll to the pair of withdrawing rollers (2, 57) is provided.
[0002]
2. Blown-leaf system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the through-piercing brake has a holding roller with a speed control.
[0003]
3. Blown sheet system according to claim 2, characterized in that the holding roller is provided with a speed controller adapted to be controlled to be closer to the speed of the withdrawing roller than to the drawing speed , in particular adapted to be controlled to be the speed of the withdrawal roller.
[0004]
4. Blown leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the through drilling brake has a pressure roller.
[0005]
5. Blown leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the through drill has a belt wrap to wrap around a first roll (9, 31, 51, 65) within the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) at least 160 °, preferably more than 180 °.
[0006]
Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that a heating path is provided before the first drawing roll, in particular all the rolls before the first drawing roll are actively heated, in particular exactly a holding roller and a separate heating roller.
[0007]
Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a reversing unit (20, 60) is provided above the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63).
[0008]
Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the treatment roller path is provided with a temperature regulation, in which the heating means make the double-layer continuous sheet warm up initially for less than 80 K and, preferably for less than 30 K.
[0009]
Blown leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a heating roller to heat the double layer continuous sheet ( 23) for easier treatment within the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63).
[0010]
10. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the treatment roller path has a drawing segment for drawing in the longitudinal direction of the double layer continuous sheet, having an area drafting with a maximum length of 120 cm, in particular a maximum length of 50 cm or 15 cm, in particular a maximum of 10 cm or 5 cm.
[0011]
11. Blown sheet system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the treatment roller path has, after the drawing segment, a tempering roller to relieve stresses in the double layer continuous sheet after stretching.
[0012]
Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the tempering roller has a temperature regulation that allows the double-layer continuous sheet to be heated by less than 30 K, in particular by less of 20 K.
[0013]
13. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a cooling medium for the double layer continuous sheet (23 ), in particular a cooling roller (70).
[0014]
Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has an adjustment for improving the flat position, that is, with a stretch of the double layer continuous sheet (23) by 0.5% to 5%.
[0015]
Blown leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 53) has a setting for forging, that is, a stretching of the leaf double layer continuous (23) by more than 5%, preferably more than 100% or by more than 200%, 300% or 500%.
[0016]
16. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a heating roller for the double layer continuous sheet (23 ), with a temperature degree of +/- 0 K or +1 K to +80 K or more, in the case of fast-moving double-layer continuous sheets (23), in particular polypropylene, in particular when compared to previous station in the machine direction and / or the roll temperature of the withdrawal roll.
[0017]
17. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a drawing roller for the double layer continuous sheet (23 ) with a temperature degree of -10 K, preferably +5 K, up to +30 K, or +50 K or more in the case of fast moving double layer continuous sheets, when compared to the previous station in the direction of the machine.
[0018]
18. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that one of the drawing rollers, in particular the forging rollers, has a smaller roll diameter than the previous season roll and / or than a roll from the subsequent station, and / or than a roll from other stations in the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63), in particular a diameter reduced by at least 25% or at least 50%.
[0019]
19. Blown sheet system according to claim 18, characterized in that the first and the second forging rolls both have a smaller roll diameter, so that the second drawing roll is preceded by the first drawing roll. drawing as a slower driven roller which also has a smaller roll diameter than that of the previous station roll and / or that of the subsequent station roll, and / or than a roll of the other stations in the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63).
[0020]
20. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a tempering roller for the double layer continuous sheet (23 ) with a temperature degree of -10 K, preferably +5 K, up to +30 K, or +50 K or more in the case of fast moving double layer sheets (23), when compared to the season in the machine direction.
[0021]
21. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has a cooling roller (70) for the layer continuous sheet double (23) with a temperature degree of -10 K to - 80 K, or -100 K in the case of fast moving double layer sheets (23), compared to the previous station in the machine direction.
[0022]
22. Blown-leaf system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) has an insertion aid with a roller that can be displaced or rotated , in which a threading depth can be adjusted as continuous or non-continuous.
[0023]
23. Blown sheet system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that an intermediate layer of silicone is provided on a roller surface within the treatment roller path (8, 50 63).
[0024]
24. Method for producing a continuous blown sheet in a blown sheet system (1), characterized in that the blown sheet system is of the type defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising the steps of: a. extrude a tubular sheet; B. inflate the tubular sheet in a tube-forming zone to stretch the tubular sheet in the longitudinal and transverse directions; ç. cooling the ascending tubular sheet with a cooling medium; d. flatten the tubular sheet to form a double layer continuous sheet (23) with the help of a flattening unit; and. removing the double layer web (23) with a pair of withdrawal rollers (2, 57); and by means of the following steps: guide the double layer web (23) into the treatment roller path (8, 50, 63) around a first drawing roll and around a second drawing roll followed by the first drawing roll; wherein the pair of withdrawal rollers (2, 57) are driven at a speed of withdrawal rollers, and the second draw roller is driven at a draw speed greater than that of the withdrawal roll and greater than the speed of the first drawing roll, so that during operation of the left-over sheet system (1) the double-layer continuous sheet (23) is irreversibly drawn in the machine direction between the first and the second drawing rollers; wherein within the path of the treatment rollers (8, 50, 63), a through-piercing brake prevents a through-piercing of the tensile force from the second drawn roller to the withdrawal roller pair (2, 57) is provided before and / or on the first drafting roll, so that the through drill brake acts as a bearing to absorb the tensile force.
[0025]
25. Method according to claim 24, characterized by the fact that for the insertion of the double layer continuous sheet (23) when the left-over sheet system (1) is started, a roller of the treatment roller path (8 , 50, 63) is displaced or rotated out of its working position, and after insertion, the double layer continuous sheet (23) is tensioned by means of the process of reverse displacement or reverse rotation.
[0026]
26. Method according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that in the treatment step (g) the double layer continuous sheet (23) is stamped, subjected to radiation and / or corona treatment.

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法律状态:
2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2018-03-20| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |

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2020-03-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-10| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/08/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102012015462.3A|DE102012015462A1|2012-08-07|2012-08-07|Blown film plant, process for producing a blown film web and film produced therewith|

---

DE102012015462.3|2012-08-07|

---

PCT/DE2013/000441|WO2014023282A1|2012-08-07|2013-08-07|Blown film installation, method for producing a blown film strip and film produced therewith|BR122017008963-3A| BR122017008963B1|2012-08-07|2013-08-07|blown sheet system, process for producing a continuous blown sheet in a blown sheet system|