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    patent summary: "hollow stabilizer, and steel tube for hollow stabilizers and production method thereof". The invention relates to a hollow stabilizer having a component composition containing 0.26% to 0.30% C, 0.05% to 0.35% Si, 0.5% to 1.0%. mn, 0.05% to 1.0% of cr, 0.005% to 0.05% of ti, 0.0005% to 0.005% of b, and 0.0005% to 0.005% of ca, where the contents of al, p, s, n, and o are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, less than 0.0030%, 0.006% or less, and 0.004% or less, respectively. The remainder of the component composition is made up of unavoidable impurities, a product value of the mn content and the s content is 0.0025 or less, and the important cooling rate (vc90) represented by a given formula is 40 ° C / s or less; and wherein the metal structure is composed of a tempered martensite, the length of stretched mns occurring in a central part of the hollow stabilizer is 150 µm or less, an hrc value is 40 to 50, the thickness ratio / ( outer diameter) is 0.14 or more and the depth of a decarbonised layer on the inner surface is 20 µm or less from the inner surface; said hollow stabilizer having greater strength compared to conventional stabilizers and also having excellent fatigue properties and a hollow stabilizer steel tube which is used as a material for the hollow stabilizer.
    公开号:BR112014028915B1
    申请号:R112014028915-8
    申请日:2013-02-25
    公开日:2019-05-14
    发明作者:Tetsuo Ishitsuka；Motofumi Koyuba；Masamichi Iwamura；Akira Tange；Ken Takahashi；Kiyoshi Kurimoto；Yutaka Wakabayashi
    申请人:Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation；Nhk Spring Co., Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for HOLLOW STABILIZERS, AND STEEL PIPES FOR HOLLOW STABILIZERS AND THE SAME PRODUCTION METHOD.
    FIELD OF TECHNIQUE [001] The present invention relates to a hollow stabilizer used for a vehicle such as an automobile, and a steel tube for hollow stabilizers used as a material for the hollow stabilizer and a method of producing them.
    BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE [002] Stabilizers are applied to vehicles such as automobiles for the purpose of ensuring the stability of vehicle bodies during high-speed operation by suppressing the lamination of vehicle bodies during cornering. The stabilizer is conventionally manufactured by processing a solid material such as a steel bar in a desired shape. In recent years, hollow stabilizers with the use of an empty material such as a stainless steel tube or a welded steel tube with electrical resistance are increasingly used for the purpose of promoting weight reduction.
    [003] If the design changes from a solid stabilizer to a hollow stabilizer, the outer diameter of the hollow stabilizer necessarily becomes larger than that of the solid stabilizer in order to maintain the same lamination stiffness. As a result, the stress generated in relation to the same load becomes greater in the hollow stabilizer, and therefore it is necessary to increase a wall thickness / outside diameter (t / D) ratio to suppress an increase in the stress generated.
    [004] Hollow thin-wall stabilizers with a t / D of 0.10 to 0.17 are conventionally applied to compact cars with low design stresses. However, in order to apply stable
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    2/36 hollow layers to a large car with high design stress, t / D is required to be increased. For this purpose, a method of producing a hollow stabilizer in which a welded steel tube with electrical resistance is subjected to diameter reduction hot rolling and then withdrawn (for example, see Patent Document 1), and a tube of thick-walled steel for hollow stabilizers produced by subjecting a welded steel tube with electrical resistance to diameter-reducing hot rolling (for example, see Patent Document 2).
    [005] In the case of the hollow stabilizer, fatigue fracture was generated a few times from the inner surface that is absent in the solid stabilizer. This is due to the fact that the fatigue fracture is generated from a decarbonized layer on the inner surface even when the fatigue strength of the outer surface of the steel tube is enhanced by increasing the strength on the steel tube. In order to solve this problem, a steel tube for hollow stabilizers in which the T / D is 0.20 or more and the generation of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface is suppressed has been suggested (for example, see Patent Document 3) .
    [006] Patent Document 1: Patent application open to public inspection (JP-A) No. JP 2000-233625
    Patent Document 2: International Publication No. WO 2007-023873
    Patent Document 3: JP-A No. JPA 2007-270349 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL PROBLEM [007] The inventors have found that sudden cooling cracks are generated when the C content is increased in order to improve the strength of a welded pipe with electrical resistance used as a material to produce hollow stabilizers, and that deterioration
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    3/36 fatigue force around the welded portion with electrical resistance becomes evident when the material is highly reinforced. Figure 1 (a) is a perspective view of a welded steel tube with electrical resistance; Figure 1 (b) is an enlarged view of a flow of metal 18 in a base metal 17, seen in the cross section of a welded steel tube with electrical resistance 16 surrounded by circle S1 in Figure 1 (a); Figure 1 (c) is an enlarged view of a metal flow 18 in a welded portion 19, seen in the cross section of the welded steel tube with electrical resistance 16 surrounded by circle S2 in Figure 1 (a); and Figure 1 (d) is an enlarged view showing a state of presence of MnS in the longitudinal section along the extension direction (L direction) of a contiguous welded portion with electrical resistance of the welded steel pipe with electrical resistance 16. These Figures are schematic diagrams. As is clear from a comparison of Figures 1 (b) and 1 (c), around the welded portion with electrical resistance 19, the flow of metal 18 is formed so that the central segregation in the steel plate remains perpendicularly, in the direction of wall thickness, due to the intensive disturbance of contiguous surfaces during welding. Therefore, in a case in which MnS 20 elongated in a longitudinal direction by rolling is present in the central segregation of the steel plate, elongated MnS 20 occurs on the surface close to the welded portion with electrical resistance 19 after cutting a weld bead as shown in Figure 1 (d) and is a source of fatigue fracture.
    [008] The present invention is made in consideration of the above situation, and the aim of the present invention is to provide a hollow stabilizer that has greater strength compared to conventional hollow stabilizers and that has excellent fatigue properties and a steel tube for hollow stabilizers , which is used as a material for
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    4/36 the hollow stabilizer.
    SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM [009] Hollow stabilizers are produced by rough cooling and quenching to adjust the material quality. As a result of the study by the inventors, it was found that cracks by sudden cooling are generated during sudden cooling in a case in which the C content is very high. However, since the strength is insufficient with a low C content, Cr is added to ensure the ability to harden in the invention. Furthermore, in order to suppress the deterioration of fatigue force caused by MnS in the vicinity of the welded portion with electrical resistance, it is necessary to restrict Mn, S, Ca, and O. It is preferable to restrict t / D and the thickness of a decarbonation layer in order to suppress the generation of cracks due to fatigue of the internal surface, and it is more preferable to check compressive residual stress by shot blasting.
    [0010] The summary of the invention is as follows.
    [0011] (1) A hollow stabilizer having a chemical composition comprising, as chemical components, in terms of% by weight: 0.26% to 0.30% C, 0.05% to 0.35% Si, 0.5% to 1.0% Mn, 0.05% to 1.0% Cr, 0.005% to 0.05% Ti, 0.0005% to 0.005% B, and 0.0005 % to 0.005% Ca, where: Al, P, S, N, and O are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, less than 0.0030%, 0.006% or less, and 0.004% or less, respectively, a remainder of the chemical composition consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, a value of a product of the Mn and S content is 0.0025 or less, and an important cooling rate Vc90 represented by the following equation (1) is 40 ° C / s or less:
    Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β where β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr;
    and where: a metallic structure comprises a sea
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    5/36 tempered tensite, an elongated MnS length present in a central part in a thickness direction of the hollow stabilizer is 150 pm or less, a Rockwell hardness C (HRC) is 40 to 50, a thickness ratio of wall / outside diameter is 0.14 or more, and a depth of a decarbonized layer on an inner surface part of the hollow stabilizer is 20 pm or less from the inner surface.
    [0012] (2) The hollow stabilizer according to (1), which additionally includes, in terms of% by mass, one or more of: 0.05% to 0.5% Mo, 0.01% to 0 , 1% Nb, 0.01% to 0.1% V, or 0.1% to 1.0% Ni, where, in Equation (1), β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni.
    [0013] (3) The hollow stabilizer according to (1) or (2), in which a maximum residual compressive stress on an external surface is 400 MPa or more.
    [0014] (4) The hollow stabilizer according to (3), in which the outer surface and the inner surface are shot blasted.
    [0015] (5) A steel tube for a hollow stabilizer used as a material for the hollow stabilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the steel tube having a chemical composition comprising, as chemical components, in terms of mass%: 0.26% to 0.30% C, 0.05% to 0.35% Si, 0.5% to 1.0% Mn, 0.05% to 1, 0% Cr, 0.005% to 0.05% Ti, 0.0005% to 0.005% B, and 0.0005% to 0.005% Ca, where: Al, P, S, N, and O are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, less than 0.0030%, 0.006% or less, and 0.004% or less, respectively, the chemical composition optionally comprises one or more of: 0.05 % to 0.5% Mo, 0.01% to 0.1% Nb, 0.01% to 0.1% V, or 0.1% to 1.0% Ni, a remainder of the composition chemistry consists of
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    Fe and unavoidable impurities, a product value of Mn and S content is 0.0025 or less, and an important cooling rate Vc90 represented by the following equation (1) is 40 ° C / s or less :
    Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β where β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni;
    and where: a metal structure comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite, an elongated MnS length present in a central part in a thickness direction of the steel tube is 150 pm or less, a Rockwell hardness B (HRB) is 95 or less, a wall thickness / outside diameter ratio is 0.14 or more, and a depth of a decarbonized layer on an inner surface part of the steel pipe is 20 pm or less from the surface internal.
    [0016] (6) A method of producing the steel tube for a hollow stabilizer according to (5), in which: the steel tube is a welded steel tube with electrical resistance, and the method includes a submission process of the welded steel pipe with electrical resistance to heating, after welding with electrical resistance, at a temperature of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C and hot rolling of diameter reduction to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of 40% to 80% .
    [0017] (7) A method of producing the steel tube for a hollow stabilizer according to (5), in which: the steel tube is a welded steel tube with electrical resistance, and the method includes an elongation process of welded steel pipe with electrical resistance by cold drawing after welding with electrical resistance.
    ADVANTAGE EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION [0018] According to the invention, a hollow stabilizer can be provided for automobiles that have excellent fatigue hardening and greater strength compared to conventional ones, by maintaining the
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    7/36 fatigue properties and delayed fracture properties equivalent to those of the conventional hollow stabilizer for automobiles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0019] Figures 1 (a) to 1 (c) are diagrams showing the relationship between the surface layer of the welded portion with electrical resistance and MnS in the central segregation. Figure 1 (a) shows the welded steel tube with electrical resistance; Figure 1 (b) is an enlarged view of a metal flow in a base metal, seen in the cross section of a welded steel tube with electrical resistance surrounded by circle S1 in Figure 1 (a); Figure 1 (c) is an enlarged view of a metal flux in the welded portion, seen in the cross section of the welded steel tube with electrical resistance surrounded by circle S2 in Figure 1 (a); and Figure 1 (d) is the enlarged view of the longitudinal section along the extension direction (L direction) of the contiguous welded portion with electrical resistance of the welded steel pipe with electrical resistance.
    [0020] Figure 2 shows an example of the stabilizer.
    [0021] Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) are diagrams illustrating the method of producing a plate for a plane flexion fatigue test specimen of the welded steel tube with electrical resistance. Figure 3 (a) is a perspective view of the welded steel tube with electrical resistance after making a slit in a longitudinal direction; and Figure 3 (b) is a perspective view of the electrical resistance welded steel pipe of Figure 3 (a) developed in a plane.
    [0022] Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b) are diagrams that illustrate the plane flexion fatigue test specimen produced using the plate of Figure 3 (b). Figure 4 (a) is a plan view, and Figure 4 (b) is a side view.
    [0023] Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the fracture surface of the specimen after the fatigue test. Figure 5 (a) is the photograph WITHOUT
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    8/36 shows the fracture surface of the specimen, and Figure 5 (b) shows the result of the EDX analysis in the closed position with the dotted oval in Figure 5 (a).
    [0024] Figure 6 is the photograph that shows the flow of metal of the cross section perpendicular to the fracture surface of the specimen after the fatigue test shown adhering to the photographs in the fracture position.
    [0025] Figure 7 shows an example of the relationship between the cooling rate and the hardness during sudden cooling.
    [0026] Figure 8 shows an example of the process of manufacturing the stabilizer by cold formation.
    [0027] Figure 9 shows an example of the process of manufacturing the stabilizer by hot formation.
    [0028] Figure 10 shows an example of the quench softening curve of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES STABILIZER CONFIGURATION [0029] As shown in Figure 2, a stabilizer 10 includes a torsion portion 11 that is extended in a width direction of a vehicle body (not shown) and a left and right pair of portions of arm 12 which are connected at either end of the torsion portion 11. The torsion portion 11 is attached to the body side by means of a sleeve 14 or the like. The terminals 12a of the arm portions 12 are connected to the suspension mechanisms 15 on the left and right by means of stabilizer links (not shown) or the like. In the torsion portion 11 and the arm portions 12, several portions or ten or more portions are generally subjected to flexion to avoid interference with other components.
    [0030] When a vehicle makes a turn, an upside-down phase force is inserted into the suspension mechanism 15.
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    In that time, in the case of a vehicle on which the stabilizer 10 is mounted, the left and right arm portions 12 are curved in opposite directions and the torsion portion 11 is twisted, and the stabilizer 10 acts as a spring to suppress excessive inclination. (lamination) of the vehicle body. During the vehicle journey, the straight journey and the turn are repeated. Therefore, stabilizers are required to have sufficient hardness and fatigue properties.
    [0031] Considering that the upper limit of the C content is 0.30%, the hollow stabilizer according to the invention has a maximum hardness of HRC 50 as an achievable hardness and a minimum hardness of HRC 40 which is an upper limit substantial amount of conventional material.
    [0032] In the hollow stabilizer according to the invention, a ratio of wall thickness / external diameter (t / D) is established at 0.14 or more, so that fatigue fracture starts from the external surface. In a case in which at / D is less than 0.14, the difference in stress between the outer surface and the inner surface is small, and thus the fatigue fracture tends to start forming the inner surface on which the pre origin -existing fatigue fracture is hardly detected. The upper limit of t / D is not particularly limited. Since the stabilizer with a t / D of 0.5 is theoretically solid, the upper limit of the t / D in the invention is substantially less than 0.5. Since the weight saving effect is reduced and production becomes difficult when t / D is 0.25 or more, t / D is preferably less than 0.25 from a practical point of view. Here, each of the HRC and t / D is a value in a portion not subjected to bending during the production of the hollow stabilizer.
    [0033] In the welded portion with electrical resistance, the elongated MnS is sometimes a source of fatigue fracture. The inventors produced a plate 22 for a fle fatigue test specimen
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    10/36 plane connection from a welded pipe with electrical resistance 21 as shown in Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b). In addition, a plane flexion fatigue test was conducted using a specimen 24 in which an electrically welded portion 23 of the electrically welded pipe 21 is located in a central position in a longitudinal direction of the specimen 24 for the plane flexion fatigue test, in which the welded portion with electrical resistance 23 extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the specimen 24, as shown in Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b). After the test, the fracture surface of specimen 24 was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of an inclusion present in a fracture origin was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry ( EDS) fixed to SEM. [0034] As a result, as shown in Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b), it was confirmed that MnS was present at the origin of the fracture in the fractured specimen. The result of observing cross-sectional metal flow perpendicular to the fracture surface of the specimen after the fatigue test is shown in Figure 6. As shown in Figure 6, the fracture surface in the specimen was located in a somewhat removed from the position of the welded portion, instead of the welded portion. It was also confirmed that the surfaces of portions in the vicinity of both sides that sandwich the welded portion with electrical resistance between them corresponded to the segregation zone located in the central part in a direction of thickness of the base metal. Furthermore, as a result of the examination by the inventors, it was found that the elongated MnS length present in the central part in a thickness direction of the base metal is required to be limited to avoid the generation of fatigue fracture of the welded portion with electrical resistance . In order to suppress the MnS stretch, it is effective to form CaS by adding
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    11/36 of Ca.
    [0035] In the invention, the length of elongated MnS present in the central part in a thickness direction is established at 150 pm or less. In a case where the length of the stretched MnS exceeds 150 pm, the stretched MnS serves as an origin of fatigue fracture of the welded portion with electrical resistance. Regarding the presence or absence of elongated MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm, a 10 mm long segment, as a specimen to observe the cross-sectional structure, is cut from the hollow stabilizer in a longitudinal direction, and in a central part in a thick direction of the hollow stabilizer present in the cross section of the specimen, the length of MnS is confirmed with an optical microscope. The presence of MnS can be confirmed by an electron scanning microscope along with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Here, the length of MnS is determined by looking at the central part in a thickness direction present in the cross section with an optical microscope or a scanning electron microscope in relation to 10 samples for each, and measuring the length of MnS that has the largest size among the MnS present in the observed region.
    [0036] In addition, in order to suppress the generation of fatigue fractures on the inner surface of the hollow stabilizer, the depth of a decarbonized layer on the inner surface part is established at 20 pm or less from the inner surface. It is preferable not to include any decarbonized layer, since the decarbonized layer has less force than the base metal and tends to serve as the source of fatigue fracture. However, in a case in which the T / D is set at 0.14 or more, the generation of fatigue fractures on the inner surface can be prevented by setting the depth of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface at 20 pm or
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    12/36 less. In the hollow stabilizer according to the invention, which has a tempered martensite structure, the depth of the decarbonized layer represents a maximum depth of the internal surface of ferrite present on the internal surface.
    [0037] The size of ferrite grain on the inner surface of the steel tube for stabilizers before rough cooling is approximately 10 pm to 20 pm. When the width corresponding to the grain size of the ferrite grains present in a connective manner on the inner surface is associated with the width of a layer, the depth of the decarbonized ferrite layer of the steel tube can be established at 20 pm or less by limiting the width of the layer to the size of a layer. In order to suppress the generation of the decarbonized layer, it is preferable to reduce an internal surface temperature, decrease the retention time, and increase the cooling rate during sudden cooling. By appropriately selecting the sudden cooling condition during the production of the hollow stabilizer, the depth of the decarbonized layer can be established at 20 pm or less. The decarbonized layer is formed in the double phase band during cooling from a high temperature to room temperature. The double phase range is a temperature range below the Ar3 transformation temperature at which the transformation from austenite to ferrite begins, and is a temperature range in which austenite and ferrite coexist.
    [0038] In the hollow stabilizer according to the invention, the fatigue strength is enhanced when compressive residual stress is imparted to the outer surface, and the effect can be achieved significantly when the maximum compressive residual stress on the outer surface is 400 MPa or more. Although the stress generated on the inner surface of the hollow stabilizer is less compared to the outer surface, it is sometimes preferable to check residual stress with Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 16/51
    13/36 pressure on the internal surface in order to improve fatigue hardening. The method of conferring residual compressive stress is not particularly limited, and shot blasting is the simplest method. Residual compressive stress can be determined by an X-ray diffraction method.
    [0039] Below in the present document, the reason for limiting the respective components included in the hollow stabilizer according to the invention is explained. Here,% indicating the content of the respective components means% by mass.
    [0040] C is an element that determines the strength of the hollow stabilizer. In order to achieve greater strength compared to the conventional hollow stabilizer, it is necessary to establish the C content at 0.26% or more. However, when the C content exceeds 0.30%, sudden cooling cracks are generated. Therefore, the upper limit of the C content is set at 0.30%.
    [0041] Si is a deoxidizing element and contributes to the strengthening of a solid solution. It also has the effect of increasing the resistance to temper softening. In order to obtain these effects, the Si content is required to be 0.05% or more. However, when the Si content exceeds 0.35%, the toughness is decreased. Therefore, the Si content is established in a range of 0.05% to 0.35%. It is preferred that the lowest Si content limit is set at 0.20% and the upper Si content limit is set at 0.30%.
    [0042] Mn is an element that improves the hardening capacity. In a case in which the Mn content is less than 0.5%, the sufficient hardening-enhancing effect cannot be guaranteed. On the other hand, in a case in which the Mn content exceeds 1.0%, the delayed fracture properties tend to deteriorate and MnS precipitates easily, thus reducing the fatigue force around the welded portion with electrical resistance. Per
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    14/36 therefore, the Mn content is set to a range of 0.5% to 1.0%, and preferably to 0.5% or more and less than 0.8%.
    [0043] P is an element that has an adverse effect on crack resistance and toughness. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.05% or less. The P content is preferably 0.03% or less.
    [0044] S deteriorates the toughness and precipitates as MnS to decrease the fatigue force around the welded portion with electrical resistance. Therefore, the S content is limited to less than 0.0030%. The S content is preferably 0.0026% or less.
    [0045] In the invention, in order to suppress MnS precipitation, it is necessary to reduce the S content in relation to the Mn content additionally to reduce the S content by itself. In particular, the product value of the Mn and S content is limited to 0.0025 or less. This is due to the fact that, in a case where the product value of the Mn and S content exceeds 0.0025, sufficient fatigue force cannot be obtained in the vicinity of the welded portion with electrical resistance even when each one of the Mn content and the S content satisfies the appropriate range above.
    [0046] Cr is an element that improves the hardening capacity. In a case where the Cr content is less than 0.05%, this function and effect cannot be expected sufficiently. In a case in which the Cr content exceeds 1.0%, faults are easily generated during welding with electrical resistance. Therefore, the Cr content is established in a range of 0.05% to 1.0%.
    [0047] Al is an element that is useful as an agent to deoxidize a molten steel, and it is preferable to add 0.01% or more of Al. Al is also an element to fix N and, therefore, the Al content has a significant influence on the size of crystal grains and mechanical properties of steel. In a case in which the Al content exceeds 0.08%, large amounts of non-metallic inclusions are formed and make
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    15/36 sheets of surface are easily generated in the final product. Therefore, the Al content is set at 0.08% or less. The Al content is preferably 0.05% or less, and more preferably 0.03% or less.
    [0048] Ti acts to improve in a stable and effective way the hardening capacity obtained by the addition of B, suppressing the precipitation of BN by fixing nitrogen in the steel in the form of TiN. Therefore, in order to satisfy the TiN stoichiometry, Ti needs to be added in an amount that is at least 3.42 or more times the N content, and the range of Ti content is also automatically determined based on the range of However, since a portion of Ti can precipitate to form a carbide, the Ti content is set to be greater than a theoretical value, that is, a range of 0.005% to 0.05%, from in order to fix more precisely N. the Ti content is preferably 0.01% to 0.02%.
    [0049] B is an element to significantly enhance the hardening capacity of the steel material with addition in a small amount. However, in a case in which the B content is less than 0.0005%, the effect of improving the hardening capacity cannot be expected. In a case in which the B content exceeds 0.005%, a thick phase containing B tends to be formed and embrittlement occurs easily. Therefore, the B content is established in a range of 0.0005% to 0.005%. The B content is preferably from 0.001% to 0.002%.
    [0050] N is an element that has the function of intensifying the steel force through precipitation in the form of nitrides or carbonitrides. However, in a steel added with B, a deterioration of hardening capacity caused by precipitation of BN, or deterioration of hot workability, fatigue strength, or toughness caused by precipitation of TiN as a result of added Ti
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    16/36 to avoid BN precipitation as described above, becomes problematic. On the other hand, TiN has the effect of suppressing the thickening of γ grains at a high temperature to improve toughness. Therefore, in order to achieve an ideal balance between hot workability, fatigue strength, and toughness, the N content is set at 0.006% or less. the N content is preferably from 0.001% to 0.005%, and more preferably from 0.002% to 0.004%.
    [0051] Ca is an element that improves toughness and suppresses the reduction of fatigue force caused by MnS in the vicinity of the welded portion with electrical resistance, by fixing S in the form of CaS. In a case where the Ca content is less than 0.0005%, these effects cannot be expected sufficiently. On the other hand, in a case in which the Ca content exceeds 0.005%, the toughness is deteriorated due to the increase of oxides in the steel. Therefore, the Ca content is established in a range of 0.0005% to 0.005%.
    [0052] O is an element that neutralizes the effect obtained by adding Ca through the formation of CaO. Therefore, the O content is limited to 0.004% or less.
    [0053] The hollow stabilizer according to the invention has the chemical composition that includes the essential components above, and can also include Mo, Nb, V, and Ni if necessary.
    [0054] Mo is an element that has the effect of improving the hardening capacity. In one case, in which the Mo content is less than 0.05%, the effect cannot be expected sufficiently. On the other hand, in a case in which the Mo content exceeds 0.5%, the alloy cost is increased. Therefore, the Mo content is established in a range of 0.05% to 0.5%.
    [0055] Nb has the effect of strengthening precipitation forming Nb carbonitrides, and also has the effect of improving toughness by reducing the crystal grain size of the steel material.
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    In a case in which the Nb content is less than 0.01%, a sufficient effect of improving strength and toughness cannot be obtained. On the other hand, in a case in which the Nb content exceeds 0.1%, more effects cannot be expected and merely the cost of alloy is increased. Therefore, the Nb content is established in a range of 0.01% to 0.1%.
    [0056] V has the effect of strengthening precipitation by V carbonitrides. In a case where the V content is less than 0.01%, the effect cannot be expected sufficiently. On the other hand, in a case where the V content exceeds 0.1%, more effects cannot be expected and merely the cost of the alloy is increased. Therefore, the V content is established in a range of 0.01% to 0.1%.
    [0057] Ni is an element that has the effect of improving hardening capacity and toughness. In a case where the Ni content is less than 0.1%, the effect cannot be expected sufficiently. On the other hand, in a case in which the Ni content exceeds 1%, the alloy cost is increased. Therefore, the Ni content is established in a range of 0.1% to 1.0%.
    [0058] In the invention, it is necessary to sufficiently guarantee the hardening capacity of the material in order to obtain the hollow stabilizer which has a structure composed of martensite. As an index of hardening capacity, the important cooling rate Vc90 (° C / s) conventionally known as TETSU-TO-HAGANE 74 (1998), P.1073, can be used, for example. It is an index represented by the following equation (1), and represents the cooling rate at which the volume ratio of martensite is 90% or more. Therefore, hardening capacity is greater as Vc90 is lower, and the martensite structure can be obtained even when the cooling rate is reduced.
    [0059] Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β.
    [0060] Here, β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 21/51
    18/36 [0061] The inventors produced welded steel tubes with electrical resistance with various compositions and examined the relationship between Vc90 and hardness after sudden cooling. As a result, it was found that, in a case where Vc90 is 40 ° C / s or less, the martensite structure can certainly be formed to the interior by abrupt cooling of water. For this reason, the upper limit of Vc90 is limited to 40 ° C / s in the invention. The inventors also examined the relationship between the cooling rate and Rockwell hardness C in a central part in a thick direction using the No. 1 steel electrical welded steel tube containing 0.30% C , 0.30% Si, and 0.35% Cr and which has a Vc90 of 27.1 ° C / s as shown in Table 1. Rockwell hardness C (HRC) was measured according to JIS Z 2245 As shown in Figure 7, in a case in which the cooling rate is 20 ° C / s or more, the hardness that corresponds to that of the composite structure of 90% martensite can be obtained. Since the cooling rate during sudden water cooling is 20 ° C / s or more, the structure composed of 90% or more of martensite can be obtained by sudden water cooling.
    [0062] The metal structure of the hollow stabilizer according to the invention is limited to a tempered martensite. This is due to the fact that the variation in structure and hardness is suppressed, and the hardness is easily adjusted. In order to guarantee the formation of the martensite structure to the interior by sudden cooling, Vc90 is set at 40 ° C / s or less to obtain sufficient material hardening capacity. Whether the metal structure of the hollow stabilizer is a tempered martensite cannot be determined by observation under an optical microscope.
    [0063] It is preferable that the metal structure of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers, which is used as a material for stabilizing it
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 22/51
    19/36 hollow shaft according to the invention, comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite. Whether the metal structure of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite or cannot be determined by observation under an optical microscope. The hollow stabilizer is often produced by cold bending the steel tube. Therefore, in order to ensure sufficient workability, Rockwell hardness B (HRB) is preferably 95 or less. In a case where the metal structure comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite, workability can be guaranteed. The Rockwell hardness B (HRB) of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers can be measured according to JIS Z 2245.
    [0064] The depth of the decarbonized layer of ferrite on the inner surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers according to the invention is established at 20 pm or less. As a result, the depth of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface of the hollow stabilizer after abrupt cooling can be reduced to less than 20 pm. Here, the depth of the decarbonized layer of ferrite is a maximum measured depth of the inner surface of a region in which only ferrite grains are disposed and no cementite is present in an L direction, when the metal structure of the longitudinal section (section L) of the steel tube is observed with an optical microscope.
    [0065] The decarbonized layer on the inner surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers is, for example, formed in the double-phase strip during cooling to room temperature after subjecting the welded steel tube with electrical resistance to the reduction of hot rolling. diameter. The decarbonized layer is easily formed on the inner surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers when the steel tube passes through the double phase strip during cooling from a high temperature in which the metal structure
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 23/51
    20/36 ca is composed of a single phase of austenite. The decarbonized layer has a metallic structure composed of ferrite, since the C content, which is an element to stabilize austenite, is reduced therein. In order to suppress the formation of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers, it is preferable to shorten the time required to pass through the double phase strip. [0066] The depth of the decarbonized layer generated on the inner surface of the steel tube for a hollow stabilizer can be reduced to 20 pm or less, for example, by supplying water to the outer surface of the steel tube obtained by submitting the welded steel with electrical resistance to diameter-reducing hot rolling and adjusting the cooling rate when passing through the dual phase range at 5 ° C / s or more. Although water for cooling can be supplied only to the outer surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers, it is possible to supply water to the inner surface in addition to the outer surface. By increasing the cooling rate of the inner surface of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers, the depth of the decarbonized layer can be further reduced.
    [0067] Below in this document, the method of producing the steel tube for hollow stabilizers according to the invention is described. First, a molten steel to provide a required chemical composition is molded like a sheet, or the molten steel is formed like an ingot and subsequently processed into a hot rolled billet, and the sheet or billet is then subjected to hot rolling. hot to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet. The hot-rolled steel sheet is processed in a welded steel tube with electrical resistance by a method of producing the welded steel pipe with conventional electrical resistance, for example, hot or cold welding with electrical resistance or
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 24/51
    21/36 high frequency induction heating. The welded steel tube with electrical resistance obtained can additionally be subjected to hot rolling of diameter reduction to produce a thick wall steel tube.
    [0068] The diameter reduction lamination can be conducted with the use of a stretch reducer. The stretch reducer is a laminating machine equipped with a plurality of lamination bases placed in series with the lamination geometrical axis, each of the bases of the plurality of lamination bases having 3 or 4 cylinders arranged around the geometric axis lamination. The tension in the direction of the pipe geometric axis (rolling direction) of the steel pipe and the compression force in the circumferential direction of the steel pipe are controlled by adjusting the number of revolutions of the cylinders and the rolling force in each of the lamination bases of the laminating machine, on which the diameter reduction lamination to increase the wall thickness / outside diameter ratio can be achieved.
    [0069] That is, in the diameter reduction lamination, the outside diameter is reduced by the lamination force in relation to the outside diameter of the steel tube and the wall thickness is increased at the same time. On the other hand, the wall thickness is reduced by the tension acting in the direction of the pipe's geometric axis of the steel pipe. Therefore, the final wall thickness is determined by the balance between them. Since the wall thickness of the steel tube obtained by diameter reduction lamination is mainly determined according to the tension between the lamination bases, it is necessary to calculate the tension between the lamination bases to obtain the desired wall thickness based on in lamination theory or similar, and to establish the number of revolutions of a cylinder in each of the lamination bases to exert tension.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 25/51
    22/36 [0070] The diameter reduction lamination is preferably conducted in a 40% to 80% reduction in cross-sectional area with the use of welded steel tube with electrical resistance heated to a temperature of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C. The steel tube for hollow stabilizers is preferably a welded steel tube with electrical resistance obtained by diameter reduction hot rolling, but is not limited to it. The steel tube for hollow stabilizers can be a welded steel tube with electrical resistance as a welded state with electrical resistance or a withdrawn tube obtained by cold drawing after welding with electrical resistance.
    PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 1 OF STABILIZER: COLD FORMATION [0071] Below in this document, production example 1 of the stabilizer is explained in reference to Figure 8. A steel tube (for example, a welded steel tube with electrical resistance, a one-piece tube, a tube obtained by hot rolling in diameter reduction, or a tube taken from it) cut to a predetermined length is subjected to flexural formation (flexural forming process) to provide the desired shape shown in Figure 2. The steel tube formed by bending is heated to a region of austenitation temperature (heating process) by furnace heating or electric heating, or by using a high-frequency heater and then subjected to sudden cooling (process cooling) in water (or other means of sudden cooling). Subsequently, the shape of the heat-deformed stabilizer bar is corrected to a desired shape of stabilizer (shape correction process), and is subjected to tempering (tempering process). The tempered tube is shot blasted (shot blasted) in relation to the outer surface only, or to the outer surfaces
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 26/51
    23/36 na and internal and then coated with the use of a desired coating material (coating process). Here, format correction (format correction process) can be omitted if restricted sudden cooling is performed.
    PRODUCTION EXAMPLE 2 OF STABILIZER: HOT FORMATION [0072] Below in this document, production example 2 of the stabilizer is explained in reference to Figure 9. A steel tube (for example, a welded steel tube with electrical resistance, a one-piece tube, a tube obtained by hot rolling of diameter reduction, or a tube taken from it) cut to a predetermined length is heated to a region of austenitation temperature (heating process) by furnace heating or by electric heating, or with the use of a high-frequency heater and then subjected to flexion formation (flexion forming process) to provide the desired shape shown in Figure 2. The flexed steel tube is then subjected to sudden cooling (process cooling) in water (or other means of sudden cooling). Subsequently, the shape of the heat-deformed stabilizer bar is corrected to a desired shape of stabilizer (shape correction process), and is subjected to tempering (tempering process). The tempered tube is shot blasted (shot blasting process) in relation to the outer surface only, or to the outer and inner surfaces and then coated with the use of a desired coating material (coating process). Here, format correction (format correction process) can be omitted if restricted cooling is performed.
    [0073] In hot forming, sudden cooling is performed after forming by flexing to transform the metal structure of the
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 27/51
    24/36 hollow stabilizer in martensite. Therefore, it is necessary to end the bending formation at the temperature of transformation point Ac3 or more. In sudden cooling after cold formation, the heating temperature is preferably 900 ° C or more, and more preferably 950 ° C or more. The quench temperature is determined based on the quench softening curve of the steel tube for hollow stabilizers. Figure 10 shows the temper softening curve of the steel welded steel tube with electrical resistance No. 1 containing 0.30% C, 0.30% Si, and 0.35% Cr and having a Vc90 of 27.1 ° C as shown in Table 1. The quench temperature at which Rockwell hardness C (HRC) of 40 to 50 is obtained can be determined based on the quench softening curve shown in Figure 9.
    EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 [0074] Below in the present document, the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the Examples.
    [0075] Each of the steels that have the compositions shown in Table 1 was cast and molded into a plate. The plate was then heated to 1200 ° C and hot rolled on a 5 mm thick steel sheet at a hot finish temperature of 890 ° C and a cooling temperature of 630 ° C. The steel sheet obtained was slit to a predetermined width, formed by rolling in a tubular format and then subjected to welding with high frequency electrical resistance to produce a steel tube with an outside diameter of 90 mm. The welded steel tube with obtained electrical resistance was subsequently heated to 980 ° C by high frequency induction heating and then subjected to diameter reduction lamination, thus producing a 30 mm steel tube (steel tube for hollow stabilizers) external diameter and 4.5
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 28/51
    25/36 mm wall thickness (t / D: 0.15) or a steel tube (steel tube for hollow stabilizers) with 22 mm outside diameter and 4.5 mm wall thickness (t / D: 0.20). Immediately after the diameter reduction lamination, the tube was cooled in water from the outer surface side at a cooling rate of 1 ° C / s to 5 ° C / s.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 29/51
    TABLE 1
    Steel No. Components (% by mass) ωι _________ ι> --------- 1X Vc90 (° C / s) Note Ç Si Mn P s Cr Ni Mo Nb V You Al N B Here O 1 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.006 0.0020 0.35 - - - - 0.017 0.020 0.0045 0.0015 0.0021 0.0032 0.0016 27.1 Adapted steel 2 0.28 0.22 0.81 0.010 0.0025 0.33 - - - - 0.015 0.020 0.0035 0.0015 0.0019 0.0028 0.0020 31.7 3 0.26 0.29 0.77 0.007 0.0026 0.33 - - - - 0.016 0.022 0.0048 0.0015 0.0019 0.0022 0.0020 35.6 4 0.28 0.34 0.64 0.009 0.0025 0.56 - - - - 0.015 0.022 0.0038 0.0017 0.0025 0.0034 0.0016 28.5 5 0.28 0.30 0.95 0.005 0.0015 0.23 - - - - 0.012 0.020 0.0029 0.0013 0.0020 0.0025 0.0014 27.1 6 0.28 0.30 0.79 0.013 0.0025 0.35 - - - - 0.020 0.021 0.0056 0.0015 0.0025 0.0022 0.0020 30.2 7 0.28 0.30 0.79 0.013 0.0025 0.35 - - - - 0.020 0.021 0.0056 0.0015 0.0025 0.0022 0.0020 30.2 8 0.30 0.30 0.80 0.006 0.0020 0.35 - - 0.017 - 0.017 0.020 0.0045 0.0015 0.0021 0.0032 0.0016 27.1 9 0.28 0.22 0.81 0.010 0.0025 0.33 - 0.057 - - 0.015 0.020 0.0035 0.0015 0.0019 0.0028 0.0020 26.1 10 0.26 0.29 0.77 0.007 0.0026 0.33 0.19 - - - 0.016 0.022 0.0048 0.0015 0.0019 0.0022 0.0020 27.4 11 0.28 0.34 0.64 0.009 0.0025 0.56 - - - 0.035 0.015 0.022 0.0038 0.0017 0.0025 0.0034 0.0016 28.5 12 0.22 0.20 0.55 0.015 0.0032 0.35 - - - - 0.015 0.029 0.0048 0.00150.0030 0.0018 64.9 Comparative Steel 13 0.28 0.22 0.93 0.009 0.0028 0.35 - - - - 0.015 0.020 0.0045 0.0015 0.0018 0.0045 0.0026 25.1 14 0.28 0.25 1.10 0.015 0.0040 0.20 - - - - 0.015 0.030 0.0036 0.00110.0028 0.0044 22.5 15 0.32 0.25 1.30 0.015 0.0062 0.33 - - - - 0.015 0.030 0.0044 0.0014 0.0032 0.0022 0.0081 11.1
    - in the Table means that the component is not added intentionally.
    What is underlined in the Table means that the value is outside the range of the invention.
    26/36
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 30/51
    27/36 [0076] The metallic structures of the steel tubes obtained for hollow stabilizers were observed under an optical microscope, and it was confirmed that all steel tubes obtained have a metallic structure composed of a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite with a depth of one decarbonized layer on the inner surface of 15 pm or less. Rockwell hardness was determined in accordance with JIS Z 2245, and as a result the Rockwell hardness of all steel tubes for hollow stabilizers was found to have a Rockwell B hardness (HRB) of 95 or less. Furthermore, the presence of MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm has been confirmed with the use of an optical microscope, an SEM, and an EDS in combination, and as a result of which MnS having a length that exceeds 150 pm was present in the Comparative Examples of Nos. H to K as shown in Table 2.
    [0077] The steel tubes obtained for hollow stabilizers were cut in the portion welded with electrical resistance or in a position located on the opposite side of 180 ° from the portion welded with electrical resistance as shown in Figure 3 (a) and developed cold, obtaining thus a piece similar to the plate as shown in Figure 3 (b). In addition, the steel tubes for hollow stabilizers were heated to 950 ° C for 10 minutes and quenched with water and then quenched at a different temperature. The resulting Rockwell hardness C (HRC) was determined according to JIS Z 2245 to obtain a quench softening curve.
    [0078] The piece similar to the plate obtained by cutting the steel tube to a hollow stabilizer in a position located on a 180 ° opposite side of the welded portion with electrical resistance and spread as shown in Figures 3 (a) and 3 ( b) it was processed in a plane flexion fatigue test specimen in which the welded portion with electrical resistance is located in a central position in a longitudinal direction as shown in Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b). In
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 31/51
    28/36 similarly, the piece similar to the plate obtained by cutting the steel tube for hollow stabilizers in the welded portion with electrical resistance and in development was processed in a plane bending fatigue test specimen in which the base metal it is located in a central position in a longitudinal direction. In the central position in a longitudinal direction, the thickness (ta) was set at 3 mm and the width (Wa) was set at 15 mm. Each specimen was quenched to give a Rockwell C hardness (HRC) of 40 based on the quench softening curve, and subjected to a flat flexion fatigue test with a fatigue limit of 5 million cycles. The results are shown in Table 2. Here, the retention time for quenching was set at 30 minutes.
    [0079] From the results shown in Table 2, it was found that each of the steel tubes from number A to K of the examples of the invention has satisfactory fatigue properties in the welded portion with electrical resistance since the difference in fatigue limit between the base metal and the welded portion with electrical resistance is as small as 15 MPa or less. On the other hand, it was found that each of the steel tubes No. L to O of the Comparative Examples has fatigue properties significantly deteriorated in the welded portion with electrical resistance compared to the base metal since the difference in fatigue limit between the base metal and the welded portion with electrical resistance is as large as 140 MPa or more. The fracture surface of the specimen after the plane flexion fatigue test was observed under an SEM, and the composition of the inclusion present at the origin of the fatigue fracture fracture was analyzed using an EDS fixed to the SEM. As a result, the presence of MnS at the fracture origin was confirmed in Comparative Examples L to O in which the welded portion with electrical resistance is located in a central position in a longitudinal direction.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 32/51
    TABLE 2
    No. steel tube Steel No. Wall thickness(t)mm External diameter(D)mm t / D ratio HRB Metal structure Presence of MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm Depth of decarbonized layer on internal surface Production method HRC fatigue limit (MPa) in plane flexion fatigue test Note Base metal B Welded portion with electrical resistance W Difference (B - W) THE 1 4.5 30 0.15 94 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 m X Φ 3 σOQ_ ω5 '<φthe Q)>O B 2 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent 5 pm Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 Ç 3 4.5 30 0.15 90 Ferrite andPerlite Absent 10 pm Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 D 4 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 AND 5 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 F 6 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 G 7 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 H 8 4.5 22 0.20 94 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Cold stretching 40 480 465 15 I 9 4.5 30 0.15 93 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 470 10 J 10 4.5 30 0.15 91 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 K 11 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15
    29/36
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 33/51
    TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
    L 12 4.5 30 0.15 85 Ferrite andPerlite Gift 15 pm Hot rolling 40 485 310 175 Comparative Example M 13 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Gift Absent Hot rolling 40 480 340 140 N 14 4.5 30 0.15 92 Ferrite andPerlite Gift Absent Hot rolling 40 485 300 185 O 15 4.5 30 0.15 95 Ferrite andPerlite Gift Absent Hot rolling 40 480 300 180 P 1 4.5 30 0.15 94 Ferrite andPerlite Absent 25 pm Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 Q 1 4.0 30 0.13 94 Ferrite andPerlite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15 R 1 4.5 30 0.15 98 Ferrite and Bainite Absent Absent Hot rolling 40 480 465 15
    Hot rolling: diameter reduction hot rolling
    What is underlined in the Table means that the value is outside the range of the invention.
    30/36
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 34/51
    31/36
    EXAMPLE 2 [0080] A 1,000 mm long segment was cut from each of the steel tubes A to R produced in Example 1, and flexed cold at an angle of 90 ° at a position 200 mm from each end of the tube , thus forming to have a U-shape. At that time, the U-shaped tube was formed so that the welded portion with electrical resistance was located in the part that can be seen when viewed from the direction that gives rise to an appearance U-shaped, that is, along the side surface of the U-shaped tube, thus obtaining respective Test Materials aa v. Test Materials aan (but not Test Material c) as examples of the invention were heated to 950 ° C for 10 minutes and subjected to sudden water cooling and then quenched to 200 ° C for 30 minutes, thereby adjusting the HRC of them to 49. Test Material c was heated to 950 ° C for 10 minutes and subjected to sudden water cooling and then quenched to 350 ° C for 30 minutes, thus adjusting its HRC to 43. In addition, in relation to Test Materials aav, after heating, the external surface of each Test Material was shot blasted to give compressive residual stress at 450 MPa. Additionally, in relation to Test Materials b and f, their internal surface was also blasted with shot to have compressive residual stress at 450 MPa.
    [0081] Test Materials were produced which use, as a material, comparative steel (Steel 12 in Table 1) which has a typical chemical composition for conventionally used hollow stabilizers, and thus contained low levels of C in steel and could not achieve an HRC of 49. Therefore, Test Material r was adjusted to have an HRC of 47, which is the upper limit of hardness achievable, and Test Material s was adjusted to have an
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 35/51
    32/36
    HRC of 40, which is the upper limit of hardness in practical use.
    [0082] By comparison, the following test materials that are used as a Steel 1 material, which is an adapted steel shown in Table 1, have been prepared: Test Material o in which the depth of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface part is from 25 pm; Test Material p in which the wall thickness / outside diameter ratio is 0.13; and Test Material q which has a bainite structure with an HRC of 35 produced with a cooling rate during sudden cooling of 15 ° C / s, which is slower compared to the case of sudden cooling of water.
    [0083] Each of the Test Materials aav was fixed in a central position in a longitudinal direction, and fatigue hardening was tested up to 1 million cycles by vibrating their respective ends in the opposite direction under a condition of major stress maximum on the outer surface of the 500 MPa flexion portion. Each test was conducted against 20 samples for each Test Material. The observation of the metallic structure of Test Materials and the measurement of the depth of the decarbonized layer on the inner surface part were performed with the use of an optical microscope. Rockwell's hardness was measured according to JIS Z 2245. The presence of MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm was confirmed with the use of an SEM and an EDS in combination.
    [0084] As shown in Table 3, in all Test Materials a to n as examples of the invention, the number of cycles for fatigue has exceeded half a million, which meets a standard for fatigue hardening. In Test Materials c a e, g and h in which no shot blasting was carried out in relation to the inner surface, rupture was sometimes initiated on the inner surface side, while the number of cycles for fatigue in the respective materials exceeded half a million.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 36/51
    33/36 [0085] On the other hand, in the Test Material in which the depth of the decarbonized layer in the inner surface part exceeds 20 pm and the Test Material p in which t / D is as small as 0.13, being that the number of samples showing internal surface rupture is large, and the number of cycles for fatigue has not always been reached for half a million, which does not meet a standard for fatigue hardening. In Test Material q which has a bainite structure with an HRC as low as 35, the number of fatigue cycles was significantly low.
    [0086] In each of the Test Materials rav as Comparative Examples produced with the use of comparative steel, MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm was present in the steel, and therefore there was a fracture sometimes at an early stage, from the surroundings of the welded portion with electrical resistance on the outer surface, in more than 2 samples among 20 samples.
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 37/51
    TABLE 3
    Test material No. Steel No. No. steel tube Wall thickness mm Outside diameter mm t / D ratio HRC Presence of MnS that has a length exceeding 150 pm Structure Decarburized layer depth Conditioning position Number of cycles for fatigue at 500 MPa (cycles) Breakage number (number) Note Minimum maximum External face Inner face The 1 THE 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 m X Φ 3 σOCL ω5 '<φthe Q)>O B 1 THE 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External + Internal > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 ç 1 THE 4.5 30 0.15 43 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External 946400 > 1000000 0 1 d 2 B 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite 5 pm External 788300 > 1000000 0 2 and 3 Ç 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite 10 pm External 675200 > 1000000 0 4 f 3 Ç 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite 10 pm External + Internal > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 g 4 D 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External 866900 > 1000000 0 1 H 5 AND 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External 911200 > 1000000 0 1 i 6 F 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 j 7 G 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 k 8 H 4.5 22 0.20 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 l 9 I 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 m 10 J 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0 n 11 K 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External > 1000000 > 1000000 0 0
    34/36
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 38/51
    TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)
    O 1 P 4.5 30 0.15 49 Absent Temperate Martensite 25 um External 483900 > 1000000 0 6 Comparative Example P 1 Q 4.0 30 0.13 49 Absent Temperate Martensite Absent External 455600 > 1000000 0 17 q 1 R 4.5 30 0.15 35 Absent Bainite Absent External 78600 91200 20 0 r 12 L 4.5 30 0.15 47 Gift Temperate Martensite 15 um External 262700 875200 16 4 s 12 L 4.5 30 0.15 40 Gift Temperate Martensite 15 um External 162700 512700 20 0 t 13 M 4.5 30 0.15 49 Gift Temperate Martensite Absent External 255000 > 1000000 2 2 u 14 N 4.5 30 0.15 49 Gift Temperate Martensite Absent External 283000 > 1000000 2 0 v 15 O 4.5 30 0.15 49 Gift Temperate Martensite Absent External 122700 > 1000000 2 1
    t / D ratio: wall thickness / outside diameter ratio; External: external surface; and External + Internal: external surface and internal surface.
    What is underlined in the Table means that the value is outside the range of the invention.
    35/36
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 39/51
    36/36
    INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY [0087] According to the invention, a hollow stabilizer for cars can be provided which has excellent fatigue hardening and greater strength compared to conventional ones, while maintaining fatigue properties and delayed fracture properties equivalent to those of hollow stabilizers conventional vehicles. Such a hollow stabilizer can contribute considerably to weight reduction in automobiles.
    DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    10: stabilizer
    11: twisting portion
    12: arm portion
    12a: terminal (arm portion)
    14: loofah
    15: suspension mechanism
    16: welded steel tube with electrical resistance
    17: base metal
    18: metal flow
    19: welded portion
    20: MnS
    21: welded steel tube with electrical resistance
    22: plate for plane flexion fatigue test specimen
    23: welded portion with electrical resistance
    24: fatigue test specimen
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Hollow stabilizer that has a chemical composition, characterized by the fact that it comprises, as chemical components, in terms of% by mass:
    0.26% to 0.30% C,
    0.05% to 0.35% Si,
    0.5% to 1.0% Mn,
    0.05% to 1.0% Cr,
    0.005% to 0.05% Ti,
    0.0005% to 0.005% B, and
    0.0005% to 0.005% Ca, where:
    Al, P, S, N and O are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, less than 0.0030%, 0.006% or less, and 0.004% or less, respectively, chemical composition optionally comprises one or more of:
    0.05% to 0.5% Mo,
    0.01% to 0.1% Nb,
    0.01% to 0.1% of V, or
    0.1% to 1.0% Ni, a remainder of the chemical composition consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, a value of a product of Mn and S content is 0.0025 or less, and a rate of important cooling Vc90 represented by the following equation (1) is 40 ° C / s or less:
    Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β where β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni;
    and where:
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 41/51
    [2]
    2/6 a metallic structure comprises a tempered martensite, an elongated MnS length present in a central part in a thickness direction of the hollow stabilizer is 150 pm or less, a Rockwell hardness C (HRC) is 40 to 50, a wall thickness / outside diameter ratio is
    0.14 or more, and a depth of a decarbonized layer on an inner surface part of the hollow stabilizer is 20 pm or less from the inner surface.
    2. Hollow stabilizer, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises, in terms of mass%, one or more among:
    0.05% to 0.5% Mo,
    0.01% to 0.1% Nb,
    0.01% to 0.1% of V, or
    0.1% to 1.0% Ni, where, in Equation (1), β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni.
    [3]
    3. Hollow stabilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that a maximum compressive residual stress on an external surface is 400 MPa or more.
    [4]
    4. Hollow stabilizer, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the outer surface and the inner surface are shot blasted.
    [5]
    Hollow stabilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the S content is limited to 0.0026% or less.
    [6]
    6. Steel tube for a hollow stabilizer used as a
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 42/51
    3/6 material for the hollow stabilizer, as defined in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the steel tube has a chemical composition which comprises, as chemical components, in terms of% by mass:
    0.26% to 0.30% C,
    0.05% to 0.35% Si,
    0.5% to 1.0% Mn,
    0.05% to 1.0% Cr,
    0.005% to 0.05% Ti,
    0.0005% to 0.005% B, and
    0.0005% to 0.005% Ca, where:
    Al, P, S, N, and O are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, less than 0.0030%, 0.006% or less, and 0.004% or less, respectively, the composition optionally comprises one or more of:
    0.05% to 0.5% Mo,
    0.01% to 0.1% Nb,
    0.01% to 0.1% of V, or
    0.1% to 1.0% Ni, a remainder of the chemical composition consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, a value of a product of Mn and S content is 0.0025 or less, and a rate of important cooling Vc90 represented by the following equation (1) is 40 ° C / s or less:
    Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β where β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni;
    and where:
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 43/51
    4/6 a metal structure comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite, an elongated MnS length present in a central part in a direction of thickness of the steel tube is 150 pm or less, a Rockwell hardness B (HRB) is 95 or less, a wall thickness / outside diameter ratio is 0.14 or more, and a depth of a decarbonized layer on an inner surface portion of the steel tube is 20 pm or less from the inner surface. .
    [7]
    7. Steel tube for a hollow stabilizer used as a material for the hollow stabilizer according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the steel tube has a chemical composition that comprises, as chemical components, in terms of% in pasta:
    0.26% to 0.30% C,
    0.05% to 0.35% Si,
    0.5% to 1.0% Mn,
    0.05% to 1.0% Cr,
    0.005% to 0.05% Ti,
    0.0005% to 0.005% B, and
    0.0005% to 0.005% Ca, where:
    Al, P, S, N and O are limited to 0.08% or less, 0.05% or less, 0.0026% or less, 0.006% or less and 0.004% or less, respectively, the chemical composition optionally comprises one or more of:
    0.05% to 0.5% Mo,
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 44/51
    5/6
    0.01% to 0.1% Nb,
    0.01% to 0.1% of V, or
    0.1% to 1.0% Ni, a remainder of the chemical composition consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, a value of a product of Mn and S content is 0.0025 or less, and a rate of important cooling Vc90 represented by the following equation (1) is 40 ° C / s or less:
    Equation (1): logVc90 = 2.94 - 0.75β where β = 2.7C + 0.4Si + Mn + 0.8Cr + 2.0Mo + 0.8Ni;
    and where:
    a metal structure comprises a mixed structure of ferrite and perlite, an elongated MnS length present in a central part in a thickness direction of the steel tube is 150 pm or less, a Rockwell hardness B (HRB) is 95 or At least, a wall thickness / outside diameter ratio is
    0.14 or more, and a depth of a decarbonized layer on an inner surface part of the steel tube is 20 pm or less from the inner surface.
    [8]
    8. Method of production of the steel tube for a hollow stabilizer, as defined in claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that:
    the steel tube is a welded steel tube with electrical resistance; and the method comprises a process of submitting the welded steel tube with electrical resistance to heating, after welding
    Petition 870190018824, of 02/25/2019, p. 45/51
    6/6 gem with electrical resistance, at a temperature of 800 ° C to 1200 ° C and hot rolling of diameter reduction to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of 40% to 80%.
    [9]
    9. Method of production of the steel tube for a hollow stabilizer, as defined in claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that:
    the steel tube is a welded steel tube with electrical resistance; and the method comprises a process of elongating the welded steel pipe with electrical resistance by cold drawing after welding with electrical resistance.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP6225026B2|2017-11-01|
    US20150176101A1|2015-06-25|
    BR112014028915A2|2017-06-27|
    KR20150013247A|2015-02-04|
    EP2857537A1|2015-04-08|
    EP2857537B1|2018-07-25|
    CN104395487B|2017-02-22|
    KR101706839B1|2017-02-14|
    MX358844B|2018-09-05|
    IN2014DN10254A|2015-08-07|
    CN104395487A|2015-03-04|
    WO2013175821A1|2013-11-28|
    ES2691085T3|2018-11-23|
    JPWO2013175821A1|2016-01-12|
    HUE040155T2|2019-02-28|
    EP2857537A4|2016-04-13|
    MX2014014205A|2015-02-12|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-13| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2018-11-27| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2019-03-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-05-14| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/02/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/02/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    2019-11-26| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: NHK SPRING CO., LTD. (JP) ; NIPPON STEEL CORPORATI |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP2012-119869|2012-05-25|
    JP2012119869|2012-05-25|
    PCT/JP2013/054815|WO2013175821A1|2012-05-25|2013-02-25|Hollow stabilizer, and steel pipe for hollow stabilizers and method for production thereof|
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