ABSORBENT ITEMS WITH IMPROVED STAIN BLEACHING

专利摘要:
ABSORBENT ITEMS WITH IMPROVED BLEACHING OF STAIN. Disclosed herein is an absorbent personal care article as an absorbent personal care article for feminine hygiene for receiving a bodily fluid as menstrual flow. The article includes a top film layer, a back film layer, at least one absorbent core layer positioned between the top film layer and the back film layer, optionally a pair of tabs, and a bleaching medium associated with the article for alter the visual appearance and/or physical characteristics of a bodily fluid. The use of the bleaching medium offers several benefits to the end user including the creation of a visually smaller stain on the top surface of the top film layer and a possible reduction in the stain of the wearer's garments should the body fluid leak from the article being used.
公开号:BR112014024436B1
申请号:R112014024436-7
申请日:2013-03-28
公开日:2021-09-08
发明作者:Franz Aschenbrenner；DooHong Kim；Priscilla Eng Choo Goh；Kenneth G. Heckner；Sangwook Lee；Shruti Aryal；JunMo Gil；Ali Yahiaoui；Jun Zhang
申请人:Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of priority over US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/618,172, filed March 30, 2012 and over US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/695,481 filed as of August 31, 2012, the subject matter of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention is generally directed to absorbent personal care articles. In particular, the present invention is directed to feminine hygiene absorbent personal care articles having portions that come into contact with fluids, including menstrual flow, and which portions can be used to chemically alter or physically separate such fluids to alter visual perception. product functionality and the potential for staining associated with the use of such products. HISTORY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Absorbent personal care articles include products such as diapers, diaper-pants, workout pants, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products, bandages and the like. Such products are designed to absorb and contain a wide variety of bodily fluids including blood, urine, menstrual flow, feces and other bodily fluids.
[0004] Feminine hygiene absorbent personal care articles are often used to collect and retain fluids, liquids or bodily fluids containing menstrual flow or blood. In the context of such products, comfort, absorption and discretion are three main product attributes and areas of interest to the user. In particular, users are often interested in knowing that these products will absorb significant volumes of menstrual flow fluids in order to protect their underwear, outerwear or sheets from stains, and that such products will help them avoid the embarrassment. posterior caused by such staining. Users are also interested in wearing products that cannot be seen or felt in their underwear.
[0005] Personal care articles with feminine hygiene absorbent, such as sanitary absorbents, absorbents and underwear protectors typically include at least one or more absorbent layers included between a layer of the liquid permeable top film facing the body, and a layer of the liquid impermeable bottom film facing the garment with the peripheral edges of the top film and bottom film being adhered together to form a seal around the article to thereby contain the absorbent layers and any fluids received within the article through the top film . In use, such articles are normally positioned in the genital portion of an undergarment for absorbing bodily fluids, and are held in place by adhesive strips positioned on the lower surface of the articles (facing the garment). Some of these items also include wing-shaped structures for wrapping over the wearer's underwear to further secure them to the wearer's clothing. Such wing-shaped structures are often made of lateral extensions of the top film layers and bottom film layers.
[0006] For many women, it is quite routine to periodically check their toiletries during use in order to monitor the onset and spread of an occurrence of menstrual flow (in order to avoid leakage during the day). For some women, a concern or cause of emotional discomfort with conventional feminine hygiene absorbent personal care articles is the visual increase in the size and appearance of an occurrence of menstrual flow in the article and specifically, the spread of the menstrual flow stain on the edges. sides of a product. Although many women are generally not careful to see a targeted stain in the center of a pad and then change the pad as needed, some women prefer not to see a large stain other than a centrally occurring stain. In contrast, some women prefer to see an expanding spot as this provides an indication of their flow level that day, as well as evidence that the pad is collecting such fluids. Obviously, leakage of fluid in the use of such articles, particularly from the proximity of the side and end edges of the articles, is universally a cause of emotional concern. These leaks can occur in the narrowest dimension of the product along the longitudinally directed lateral edges, or along the wing or flap areas. Product leakage can lead not only to consumer embarrassment, but also to a general loss of confidence in the use of the articles.
[0007] Various attempts have therefore been made to incorporate chemical or structural solutions into feminine hygiene absorbents to separate staining, direct staining, targeted staining, hidden staining or discoloring menstrual flow staining; to make as much efficient use as possible of an absorbent product; and to reduce or prevent leakage. Such structures include embossed walls or channels, printed target areas, polymeric walls or other liquid impermeable barriers, and the like. However, such attempts have not been completely successful to eliminate or address the leakage problem, or to reduce consumer concerns about staining, if at all.
[0008] Attempts have also been made to chemically alter and separate menstrual flow components along the depth direction of an absorbent and thus reduce the mental impact of a possible stain, should the menstrual flow pass through an absorbent layer to the bottom of a sanitary napkin. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,124,135 to Olson discloses the use of salts in the inner layers of an absorbent (pressed between the absorbent core layers and having the same side dimensions as the absorbent layers) in order to discolor streams. menses by precipitation of the darker colored hemoglobin from the menstrual flow as the fluid moves towards the depth of the pad. Such discoloration allows the almost clear liquid from the menstrual stream to flow into various portions of the underlayers of the absorbent and away from the precipitated hemoglobin. Such discoloration also allows clear liquid from the menstrual flow to potentially flow through a lower absorbent layer to the bottom of an absorbent, thereby reducing the occurrence of a visible stain at the bottom of an absorbent. The Olson reference highlights the stiffness produced in an absorbent as a result of the inner layers containing salt and offers an absorbent-softening solution by using polyethylene glycol (hereafter PEG) as an additional filler along with the salt-impregnated elements in the inner layers of an absorbent. However, even with such salt and PEG combinations, placing an agglomeration chemistry on or immediately close to the absorbent layers and having the same dimensions as the absorbent layers in the depth direction, blocking of the absorption pathways in an article can occur. Possible leaks can then result from redirected fluid. The Olson reference does not address staining that results from leakage of the absorbent from the top surface of the absorbent, either as a result of fluid flow or saturation of an underlying absorbent layer. The Olson reference also doesn't address the concern of consumers who prefer to severely limit their view of a stain on a tampon by viewing a tampon from the top surface. There is therefore still a need to decrease leakage and alter the stain-producing fluid to remove it from an upper surface of the absorbent, in order to lessen the mental impact of an occurrence of menstrual flow (and potential leakage stain) for wearers of absorbent, without interfering with the functioning of the absorbent layers of the product; there is also a need for such an alteration of the stain-generating fluid without affecting the "feel" of the product; and there is also a need for an absorbent that limits the potential for staining as well as the consumer's view of a stain within the absorbent.
[0009] Numerous sanitary napkin structures have also been developed to capture and retain fluids from bulky menstrual flows released by women during their monthly cycles. In this regard, the designs of such absorbents and underwear liners have been refined over time in order to make their use more comfortable (physically and emotionally) for consumers. For example, originally when first developed, menstrual period absorbents were thick and bulky in structure, typically using cellulosic fibers as their sole or main absorbent layer, as described in US Patent 3,124,135 to Olson. Such pads were often easily visible through a wearer's outer garment, were worn in conjunction with separate belts or flaps, and were found to be uncomfortable for a wearer to wear. These older "flapped" or belted pads distributed menstrual flow predominantly towards the depth of the pad and predominantly leaked through the back of the pad. This fluid distribution was motivated by a snug fit in the body, due to the absorbent being used in combination with a belt construction. These absorbents were typically more than % inch (9 millimeters) thick and did not utilize impermeable layers to prevent movement of menstrual flow or air through the absorbent and did not offer specific dispensing materials to effect lateral or longitudinal fluid distribution. These older pads needed constructions that prevented the downward distribution of the red spot of menstrual flow. These pads also did not contain any superabsorbent that would interfere with the distribution of menstrual flow within the pad. As a result, such older constructions did not function properly in modern clothing-adhered absorbent arrangements.
[00010] As absorbent technology advances, superabsorbent polymer chemistry and substrate coating designs have been developed, enabling manufacturers to produce feminine absorbent products with progressively finer configurations. As a result, sanitary towels, absorbents and feminine hygiene linings have become significantly thinner and more absorbent, in order to produce greater comfort and a certain discretion for the user. For the most part, these thinner products provided wearers and those around them with the impression that the wearer was not wearing any form of menstrual flow protection in her underwear. Such articles employed fastening systems on clothing.
[00011] Modern garment adherent absorbents predominantly distribute menstrual flow laterally and longitudinally, and predominantly leak along the lateral edges (longitudinally directed sides, front and rear), rather than through the bottom of the absorbent. This leak distribution is driven by a not-so-smooth fit between the absorbent and the body, due to the clinging to underwear or panties, and the construction of the absorbent. These absorbents are typically less than % inch (6.4 millimeters) thick, have an impermeable layer to prevent movement of menstrual flow and air through the absorbent, and use specific distribution materials to drive lateral and longitudinal distribution. Modern pads also contain super absorbents that can interfere with the distribution of menstrual flow within the pad. The use of superabsorbent materials in core layers can lead to gel blockage that interferes with maximized fluid absorption.
[00012] Even with these advances in absorption, consumers continue to experience some leaks, typically from fluid overflow from the surface of the upper blade. Such overflow is often the result of various "structural" and "action-based" causes that cause the wearer's garments or bedding to become soiled. For example, structural causes can include impeded absorption pathways, or inability to handle fluid spikes. Action-based causes can be, for example, the leakage experienced by consumers from improper placement of such products in their underwear, a consumer use of such products beyond the projected life expectancy of the product, the choice of consumers to use an absorbent article that is ill-equipped to control their current rate of menstrual flow, or movements of consumers during their daily activities that produce leakage of menstrual flow fluids from the absorbent article. Therefore, despite the development of many different absorbent technologies and structural designs, product leakage and the resulting stains caused by such leaks continue to concern potential users of such products. Merely adapting the old bleach technology to modern absorbent structures would not be adequate as it does not take into account the interference of modern super absorbents (super absorbents compete with bleach technology for menstrual flow), lack of adequate surface area, and modern distribution of menstrual flow in the absorbent, to avoid locally overloading the bleaching technology. There is therefore a need for absorbent constructions that prevent lateral and longitudinal distribution of the red spot of menstrual flow.
[00013] Trends in modern feminine hygiene products are to produce the products as thin and narrow as possible, which results in a much smaller target zone for deposited fluids. Modern designs also dictate that the overall product size be smaller which can also intensify fluid control issues. This is especially true when products are subjected to rapid and excessive flows of menstrual fluid, also known as "jets". In such situations, current products need to be more effective at absorbing fluid and minimizing the size of stains deposited on the top surfaces of these products because as deposited fluids get closer to the edges of the products, the risk of leaks and spills increases. Thus, there is still a need for an absorbent construction where, if a menstrual flow leak or leak occurs, the typical red or dark color of the menstrual flow will be reduced in the leaking fluid so as to reduce the visibility of the menstrual flow material producing the staining thus lessening the potential for embarrassing exposures of the leaked fluid. There is still a further need for absorbent constructions which, while still capable of absorbing large amounts of bodily fluids such as menstrual flow, will give the perception that the size of the smear on the top surface is still relatively small compared to the total amount of fluid actually absorbed by the product.
[00014] Certain condition change sensors or indicators are known for use with feminine hygiene absorbent articles and other types of absorbent articles to warn a user or caregiver of the imminent need to change such an article as a result of a change in condition. Such devices can help by providing consumers with calming emotional states, knowing that the devices are actively communicating impending product failure or bodily states. Such indicators can be seen for example in US Patent No. 20030130631 to Springer and in US Patent No. 20070055210 to Kao. While such devices are primarily focused on preventing leaks or staining, or initiating some other condition by limiting the wearer's time of use, such devices do not assist in altering the potential staining if a leak does occur. There is therefore an additional need for such products that would reduce consumers' emotional concerns of such staining and the embarrassment that can accompany such staining.
[00015] As described above, certain chemistry for discoloring bloodstains on absorbent articles is known. For example, dye exchangers, neutralizers or bleaching compositions are described in US Patent No. 20080277621 to MacDonald, US Patent No. 20090061718 to Seidling, US Patent No. 20090062764 to MacDonald, Patent No. WO2009133518 to Cunningham, US Patent No. 6,730,819 to Pesce, Patent No. 7,105,715 to Carlucci, Patent No. 3,124,135 to Olson, US Patent No. 20110004174 to Carlucci and Patent No. WO2011027295 to Corbellini, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. See also US Patent No. 4,381,784 to Aberson et al. and Patent No. 6,350,711 to Potts et al., as well as US Patent No. 2003/0114818 to Benecke et al.; Patent No. 2012/0165773 to Nakashita et. al.; and Patent No. 2012/0215192 to Corbellini et al. Such chemicals are often difficult to apply evenly over the product surface, or handle a large enough surface area. In addition, such chemicals can often result in an article that is heavier, stiffer and subsequently more uncomfortable feeling. Finally, such chemicals can result in menstrual flow color changes that are less desirable to a consumer. Therefore, even with these chemistries available for discoloration, there is still a need for absorbent structures that utilize both layered and chemical structures to reduce the severity/appearance of menstrual flow staining of a wearer's absorbent and garments or bedding from the user. There is also a need for absorbent articles that reduce consumer concern about any staining that may occur, as well as articles that more efficiently use absorbent systems to trap trapped liquids. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[00016] In one application an absorbent personal care article such as a personal care article with feminine hygiene absorbent for receiving a body fluid is disclosed which includes a top film layer, a back film layer and at least one core layer absorbent having a peripheral edge positioned between the top film layer and the back film layer. The article defines a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical or depth axis with the top film layer having a wearer-facing surface with a first region for receiving body fluid. The wearer-facing surface also includes a second region capable of receiving body fluid from the first region and a discoloring means located at least in part on the outer side of the peripheral edge of the absorbent core to alter the visual appearance of the body fluid in the second region compared to the first region. The first region is devoid of decolorizing means. If desired, the decolorizing means may comprise two distinct means spaced laterally from each other.
[00017] If the body fluid is menstrual flow, which includes blood cells, the first region will be a darker color than the second region because the first region has a higher red blood cell content than the second region. As a result of using the decolorizing means, the fluid in the second region will be less likely to stain a wearer's garment than the fluid in the first region.
[00018] In some applications, the second region of the article may completely surround the first region. In other applications, the second region may be positioned laterally outside the first region. In still more applications, the article may have opposite longitudinal end portions and the second region may be located on the opposite longitudinal end portions of the article.
[00019] The absorbent personal care article may have opposite side portions and the second region may be located on opposite side portions of the article. Alternately, the absorbent personal care article may have a discoloration means associated with the user-facing surface of the top film layer between the first region and the second region. The term "associated" means that the decolorizing means may be adhered to the wearer-facing surface, may be incorporated into the wearer-facing surface of the top film layer, or may be located on the underside of the top film layer.
[00020] When the decolorizing means is associated with the user-facing surface, it may completely surround the first region or may be located laterally on the outer side of the first region. As a result, if the bodily fluid comprises the menstrual flow that contains red blood cells, the second region will have a lower concentration of red blood cells than the first region. Furthermore, the decolorizing means can have a higher concentration of red blood cells than the second region and the decolorizing means can also have a higher concentration of red blood cells than the first region or the second region.
[00021] In any of the applications of an absorbent personal care article disclosed herein, the article may further include areas associated with the article that are adapted to involve the proximity of the genital region of a wearer's underwear with the second region extending into the associated areas.
[00022] In another application, an absorbent personal care article for receiving a body fluid is disclosed which includes a top film layer, a back film layer and at least one absorbent core layer having a peripheral edge positioned between the layer. of the top film and the back film layer with the article defining a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical axis. The top film layer may have a wearer-facing surface having a first region for receiving body fluid. The surface facing the user also in a second region capable of receiving the body fluid from the first region. A decolorizing means is located on the outer side of the peripheral edge of the absorbent core to alter the visual appearance of body fluid in the second region compared to the first region. The body fluid in the first region creates a first spot region with a lateral dimension and a longitudinal dimension that define a first size and the article in a second spot region located below the first spot region with respect to the vertical axis with the second spot region. spot having a lateral dimension and a longitudinal dimension defining a second size with the second size being larger than the first.
[00023] In yet another application, an absorbent personal care article for receiving a body fluid is disclosed which includes a top film layer, a back film layer and at least one absorbent core layer having a peripheral edge positioned between the top film layer and the back film layer. The article defines a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical axis, with the top film layer having a wearer-facing surface having a first region for receiving body fluid. The wearer-facing surface also includes a second region capable of receiving body fluid from the first region with discoloring means located outside the peripheral edge of the absorbent core to alter the physical characteristics of the body fluid in the second region compared to the first region.
[00024] Objects and advantages of the invention are defined below in the following description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[00025] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying Figures, by:
[00026] Figure 1 is a top perspective view of an application of the present invention in the form of a feminine sanitary napkin;
[00027] Figure 1A is a partial exploded perspective view of the application of the absorbent of Figure 1 of the present invention;
[00028] Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of a top film application of the absorbent application of Figure 1, taken along line 1B-1B;
[00029] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative top film application of the absorbent application of Figure 1, taken in approximately the same position as lines 1B-1B;
[00030] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative top film application of the absorbent application of Figure 1, taken at approximately the same position as line 1B-1B;
[00031] Figure 1E is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of an application of the top film side material in the application of Figure 1C with the center material layer of the top film removed;
[00032] Figure 1F is a partial top perspective view of the application of Figure 1 with the top film layer and air-deposited layer removed;
[00033] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the partial absorbent application of Figure 1F, taken approximately along line 1G-1G;
[00034] Figure 1H is a top view of Figure 1F;
[00035] Figure 1I is a cross-sectional view of an alternative core structure for applying the absorbent of Figure 1 and is a replacement for the toothed core with coatings containing a bleaching agent shown specifically in Figure 1A;
[00036] Figure 1J is a cross-sectional view of another alternative core layer structure for applying the absorbent of Figure 1 and is a replacement for the indented core with coatings containing a discoloring agent shown specifically in Figure 1A;
[00037] Figure 1K is a cross-sectional view of another alternative application of the sanitary napkin layers of Figure 1;
[00038] Figure 1L is a cross-sectional view of yet another alternative application of the sanitary napkin layers of Figure 1;
[00039] Figure 2 is a top view of an alternative application of a feminine hygiene absorbent of the invention;
[00040] Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2 taken along line 2A-2A;
[00041] Figure 3 is a top view of an alternative application of a feminine hygiene absorbent of the invention illustrating the first and second regions of possible staining with body fluid;
[00042] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side view of Figure 3 taken along line 4-4;
[00043] Figure 5 is another cross-sectional side view of Figure 3 taken along line 4-4;
[00044] Figure 6 is a top view of an alternative application of a feminine hygiene absorbent of the invention illustrating the first and second regions of possible staining with bodily fluids.
[00045] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a feminine hygiene absorbent of the invention illustrating the reduction in size of the fluid stain deposited on the upper portion of the product compared to the lower portion of the product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED APPLICATIONS Definitions
[00046] As used herein the term "nonwoven fabric or weft" refers to a weft having a structure of individual fibers or segments that are interposed but not identifiable as a knitted fabric. Non-woven fabrics or wefts have been formed from many processes such as melting and spraying processes, continuous bonding processes after extrusion, bonded carded weft processes, etc. The basis weight of non-woven wefts can generally range from about 5 grams per square meter (gsm - "grams per square meter") to 150 gsm, in some applications from about 10 gsm to about 125 gsm, and in some applications applications, from about 25 gsm to about 120 gsm.
[00047] As used herein, the term "blown blown web" generally refers to a nonwoven web that is formed by a process whereby a molten thermoplastic material is extruded through a plurality of matrix capillaries, generally circular, such as fused fibers in converging streams of gas (eg air) at high velocity which attenuate the fibers of the molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the fused and blown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas flow and are deposited onto a collecting surface to form a web of randomly spread fused and blown fibers. Such a process is disclosed, for example, in US Patent No. 3,849,241 to Butin, et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for all purposes. Generally speaking, the fused and blown fibers can be microfibers that are substantially continuous or discontinuous, generally less than 10 microns in diameter, and generally sticky when deposited onto a collection surface.
[00048] As used herein, the term "continuous joining web after extrusion" generally refers to a web containing continuous fibers of substantially small diameter. The fibers are formed by extrusion of a molten thermoplastic material from a plurality of fine, generally circular capillaries with the diameter of the extruded fibers then being rapidly thinned as through, for example, traction extrusion and/or other well-known mechanisms of continuous bonding after extrusion. The production of continuous bond webs after extrusion is described and illustrated, for example, in US Patent No. 4,340,563 to Appel, et al., Patent No. 3,692,618 to Dorschner, et al., Patent No. No. 3,802,817 to Matsuki, et.al., Patent No. 3,338,992 to Kinnei, Patent No. 3,341,394 to Kinnei, Patent No. 3,502,763 to Hartman, Patent No. 3,502,538 to Levi, Patent No. 3,542,615 to Dobo, et al., and Patent No. 5,382,400 to Pike, et al., which are each incorporated herein in their entirety by reference for all purposes. Continuously bonded fibers after extrusion are generally non-sticky when deposited onto a collecting surface. Continuously bonded fibers after extrusion can sometimes have diameters less than about 40 microns and often between about 5 to about 20 microns.
[00049] As used herein, the term "coformed" generally refers to composite materials comprised of a blend or a stabilized matrix of thermoplastic fibers and a second non-thermoplastic material. As an example, co-formed materials can be manufactured by a process where at least one die blowing and melting die head is disposed close to a chute through which other materials are added to the web while it is forming. Such other materials may include, but are not limited to, fibrous organic materials such as cellulosic or non-cellulosic pulp such as cotton, rayon, recycled paper, fluff pulp and also superabsorbent particles, inorganic and/or organic absorbent materials, treated polymeric staple fibers and so on. Some examples of such co-formed materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,100,324 to Anderson; et al., Patent No. 5,284,703 to Everhart, et al.; and Patent No. 5,350,624 to Georger, et al.; each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for all purposes.
[00050] As used herein, the terms "bleaching agent" or "decolorizing agent" are synonymous and refer to a chemical or chemical mechanisms that discolor blood stains, such as by filtering or aggregating/binding blood cells. blood from fluids containing blood, destroying blood cells, causing alteration of coloring agents from blood cells or chemically altering the color perception of blood stains through color change mechanisms, such as through oxidation or bleaching mechanisms, catalytic oxidation or enzymatic reaction, with the final effect being a decrease or elimination of the intensity of the red color in certain portions of an absorbent feminine care article and/or the outflow of fluid from a feminine care article. Such a decolorizing agent effectively removes or changes the color of the potentially staining fluid so that the liquid that unfortunately travels through or over/through the absorbent article to the side edges of the article has less color to stain the garments. or bedding, if there is an actual fluid leak from the article. By retaining menstrual flow coloring agents in specific areas of the article outside the absorbent layers, further absorption of the uncolored menstrual flow fluids (clear fluids of lower viscosity) can occur through all areas of the dedicated absorbent core. For purposes of disclosure, decolorizing agents are positioned in or on the decolorizing agent-containing layers which are positioned laterally to the central longitudinal axis of the absorbent article and which laterally extend beyond the longitudinally directed side edges of at least the main layer of absorbent core in the article. Such laterally extending decolorizing agent-containing layers may project (as projections) beyond the side edge of the core (which protrudes more laterally towards the side edge of the article than the core layer), protruding more laterally, either from a layer above the core or below the core (when viewed along the depth axis) or from a joint to the core itself. As used herein, the term "decolorizing agent-containing layer" refers to a single-layer material, a multi-layer material structure, a laminate or a laminated structure, or a combination thereof, which includes a decolorizing agent within or about its material structure. Examples of laminate type structures are described in US Patent No. 6,932,929 and No. 6,896,669 to Woltman, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[00051] As used herein, the term "masking element" refers to the hiding action, or the actual physical structure that hides, such as a sheet or layer of material, that hides the perception/visualization of a bloodstain, as opposed to a chemical change that alters the color of the liquid or stain itself. Such masking element is desirably a hydrophobic barrier film or fibrous material. A masking element, for purposes of the present invention, is desirably non-absorbent, although it may be permeable to liquids. In one application, it is a non-absorbent and liquid impermeable material.
[00052] As used herein, the terms "superabsorbent polymer," "superabsorbent" or "SAP" ["Superabsorvent Polymer"] shall be used interchangeably and shall mean polymers that can absorb and retain very large amounts of a liquid relative to to its own mass. Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels, which can be cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonds and other polar forces with water molecules. The ability of an SAP to absorb water is based in part on ionicity (a factor of the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution) and the functional polar groups of the SAP that have an affinity for water. SAPs are typically produced by polymerizing acrylic acid mixed with sodium hydroxide in the presence of an initiator to form a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (sometimes referred to as sodium polyacrylate). Other materials are also used to make a superabsorbent polymer, such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, crosslinked polyethylene oxide and polyacrylonitrile starch graft copolymer. SAPs can be present in absorbent articles in particulate or fiber form.
[00053] As used herein, the term "menstrual flow simulator" refers to a simulated menstrual flow fluid that can be used to test feminine absorbent article products. This is described for example in U.S. Patent No. 5,883,231 and in the publication by D. Guralski, Candee Krautkramer, Brian Lin, Jack Lindon, Teuta Elshani Aneshia Ridenhour, entitled "A Biological Menses Simulant Using a "Batch" Homogenization Process ", and published as Document IPCOM000198395D on website: ip.com on August 6, 2010, each of these are incorporated by reference in their entirety. For purposes of this disclosure, the menstrual flow simulator described in these publications was used to assess the performance of the article.
[00054] Reference will now be made in detail to the various applications of the invention, one or more examples which are defined below. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, without limitation to the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one application can be used in another application to produce yet another application. For the purposes of this application, like features will be represented by like numbers between the figures. While not expressly illustrated in every view or location, it should be understood that an adhesive of traditional construction on the absorbent article may be used between each of the various layers of the article to secure the layers within the article.
[00055] It should be understood that although the primary application described herein is an absorbent personal care article for feminine hygiene, the present invention is intended to encompass all absorbent personal care articles including, but not limited to, diapers, diaper-pants, workout pants, incontinence devices, feminine hygiene products, bandages and the like. Furthermore, although the primary bodily fluid used in the description is menstrual flow, other bodily fluids are contemplated including, but not limited to, blood, feces, urine and other bodily fluids.
[00056] Generally speaking, in order to address the staining concerns perceived by consumers about a potential absorbent leak, to reduce fears of embarrassment due to stains on clothing or bedding resulting from such a leak, and to reduce stress necessary in removing stains that actually occur on garments or bedding, the invention provides an absorbent personal care article for feminine hygiene with targeted bleaching agents that can render menstrual flow stains and menstrual flow fluid colorless , or nearly colorless, within selected portions of an absorbent article, before fluid exits the article. Such discoloring agents can make that stain or menstrual flow fluid light or pale yellow in color, for example, in order to reduce the potential risk of staining on clothing or bedding that may occur. With a reduced potential for staining, any leaks that do occur will be easier to remove. In addition, the invention provides decolorization chemistry used in combination with other structural barriers to prevent menstrual flow from exiting the top surface, or on the side edges of the article, and to reduce visualization of an occurrence on the article when viewed from the top surface. . The invention provides regions of directed decolorizing chemistry away from the core layer and in some applications, separate regions of directed decolorizing chemistry that are positioned within at least two distinct layers of an absorbent article, which do not impede direct absorption of fluid from menstrual flow, as it enters an absorbent layer, and which layers are positioned far apart, or directed laterally away from the absorbent layers, and projecting laterally towards the side edges of the product, farther than the side edges of the layers of core. Of the distinct decolorizing agent-containing layers of the article, at least one such layer is desirably positioned separate from the main structure of the absorbent layer.
[00057] More specifically, Figures 1 and 1A, illustrate a top perspective and perspective exploded view respectively, of a first application of the present invention in the form of a feminine hygiene absorbent also referred to as an absorbent personal care article for hygiene female. The absorbent has a longitudinal axis (including the central longitudinal axis L shown, as indicated by a broken line), a transverse axis (and a central transverse axis T shown) and a vertical or depth axis or a D axis directed towards Z ( as seen in Figure 1A), which is the direction normal to the plane of the absorbent layers. The feminine hygiene absorbent (or feminine sanitary absorbent article) 10 has side areas 11 that extend along the longitudinally directed side edges 90 of the article, contains a liquid impervious garment-facing back film layer 12 and a liquid-impermeable garment-facing top layer. liquid permeable wearer (e.g. topfilm) 14. The backfilm layer 12 and the topfilm layer 14 surround at least one absorbent core layer 20. Although not expressly identified, the topfilm layer 14 is shown to include optional emboss patterns in the form of waves/zigzags, course line and circle patterns.
[00058] The back film layer 12, being generally liquid impermeable, is designed to face the inner surface, i.e. the portion of the genital area, the wearer's underwear (not shown) or outerwear. The backsheet therefore includes a core facing surface 12A and an underwear facing surface 12B. The back film layer 12 may optionally allow the passage of air and steam out of the absorbent article 10, while still blocking the passage of liquids.
[00059] Any liquid-impervious material can generally be used to form the back film layer 12. For example, a suitable material that can be used is a microporous polymeric film, such as a polyethylene or polypropylene polyolefin film. In specific applications, a polyethylene film is used with a thickness in the range of about 0.2 thousandths of an inch to about 5.0 thousandths of an inch and particularly between about 0.5 to about 3.0 thousandths of an inch. A specific example of a back film layer material is a polyethylene film as obtained from Pliant Corporation, of Schaumburg, Illinois, USA. Another example includes a polypropylene film loaded with calcium carbonate. In yet another application, the back film may be a hydrophobic non-woven material with water barrier properties such as a laminated non-woven, an example of which would be a continuous bonding material after extrusion, blown and cast material, bonding material after extrusion, four layer material, laminated material. The backfilm layer 12 can therefore be of a single or multiple layer construction, such as multi-film layers or laminates of film and non-woven fiber layers. Even with a back film of the film, a layer of non-woven fiber can be used as the underwear facing surface for a better tactile feel.
[00060] The top film layer 14 may surround the absorbent core layer 20 so that it completely encloses the absorbent core layer and/or the back film layer (wrap not shown). Alternatively, the top film layer 14 and the back film layer 12 may both extend beyond the absorbent core layers 20, from most side edges (41, 56, 100 for example) and be joined peripherally, i.e. fully or partially using known joining techniques. Typically, the top film layer 14 and the back film layer 12 are joined by adhesive bonding, ultrasonic joining or any other suitable method of joining known in the art, the sealed edges defining a generally sealed peripheral edge 16 of the female sanitary napkin 10. The sanitary napkin 10 can be of various geometries but generally has opposite sides (in the longitudinal direction of the product) and longitudinal ends.
[00061] The top film layer 14 is generally designed to make contact with the wearer's body and is permeable to liquid. The liquid permeable top film layer 14 has a wearer-facing surface 14A that can directly contact the wearer's body and receive bodily fluids, and a wearer-facing surface 14B. The topfilm layer 14 is desirably provided for comfort and conformability and functions to direct bodily fluids away from the wearer's body, through its structure and toward the absorbent core layers 20. The topfilm layer 14 desirably retains little or no no liquid in its structure, so it provides a relatively comfortable, non-irritating surface close to tissues within a female user's vestibule.
[00062] The top film layer 14 can be constructed of any woven, non-woven or sheet material that is easily penetrated by bodily fluids that come in contact with the surface of the back film layer 12. Examples of suitable top film materials include natural fiber webs (such as cotton), rayon, bonded carded polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or other heat-bonded fibers, polyolefins such as copolymers of polypropylene and polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and aliphatic esters such as polylactic acid. Finely perforated films and mesh materials can also be used as laminates or combinations of these materials. A specific example of a suitable top film material is a bonded carded web made of polypropylene and polyethylene such as that available from Sandler Corporation, Germany. US Patent No. 4,801,494 to Datta, et al. and US Patent No. 4,908,026 to Sukiennik, et al. indicates various other top film materials that can be used in the present invention, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The topfilm layer 14 may also contain a plurality of apertures (not shown) formed throughout the topfilm layer to allow body fluid to more easily pass into the absorbent core layers 20. The apertures may be randomly or uniformly disposed. throughout the topfilm layer 14, or they may be located only in a narrow longitudinal strip or in strips disposed along the longitudinal axis L of the sanitary napkin 10, such as downward from the central longitudinal axis of the article. The size, shape, diameter and number of openings can be varied to meet the specific needs of an article.
[00063] As noted above, the top film layer 14 can also be embossed with any desired embossed print pattern defining embossed channels. Emboss printing techniques are well known to those skilled in the art. Not only does an embossed pattern create an aesthetically pleasing surface, the channels can also facilitate the uptake of fluid from the menstrual flow. Menstrual flow will tend to flow along the densified edges of the canals rather than accumulating at contact points of the top skin layer 14.
[00064] The top film layer itself may also be formed from one or more layers in a side-by-side arrangement along the longitudinal axis, as will be described in connection with Figures 1B, 1C, 1D, 1K and 1L. Desirably, in one application, the top film layer has a basis weight of between about 15 gsm and 100 gsm.
[00065] In one application, as seen in the cross-sectional view of the top film layer 14 of Figure 1B, taken along lines 1B-1B of Figure 1, the top film layer 14 is constructed of at least two different materials 15 , 17 in an overlap, but substantially in a side-by-side arrangement along the longitudinal axis. Such double layer construction is generally described in US Patent No. 5,961,505 to Coe, Patent No. 5,415,640 to Kirbi, and Patent No. 6,117,523 to Sugahara, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. in your totality. With specific reference to Figure 1B, in one application, a central longitudinally directed top film material 15 is positioned along the central longitudinal axis L of the top film layer 14. Such centrally directed top film material 15 is desirably in the midst of materials. air-bonded carded weft (TABCW) with a basis weight between about 15 and 100 gsm. The above-described materials of non-woven, woven, and top film film may also be used as the longitudinally directed center top film material 15 of top film layer 14. In one application, such center longitudinal material is constructed from weighted TABCW. base between about 20 and 50 gsm, which are readily available through non-woven material manufacturers such as "Xiamen Yanjan Industri", "Beijing DaYuan Nonwoven Fabrics" and others. Different non-woven sheet, fabric or film materials can be used as longitudinally directed side edge top film materials 17, adjacent to and bonded to the longitudinally directed center top film material 15. Selection of such top film layer materials 14 vary. based on the desired overall attributes of the top film. For example, it may be desirable to have a hydrophilic material along the central longitudinal axis and hydrophobic barrier type materials along the longitudinal side edges to prevent leakage and increase dry feel at the longitudinal side edges. Such longitudinally directed side edge materials 17 may also be bonded by adhesive, thermal, ultrasound or other means 19 to the central longitudinally directed top film material 15 along the longitudinally directed side edges 18 (on the surface facing the core layer absorbent 14B) of the longitudinally directed center top film material 15. Such longitudinally directed side edge top film materials 17 may be of a single or multiple layer construction. In one application, such longitudinally directed side edge top film materials 17 are themselves adhesively bonded laminates that include bleach chemistry. In one application, for example, such longitudinally directed side edge top film materials 17 are constructed of a non-woven top layer 17A, such as blown blown microfiber material (MBMF as described below), intermediate layers of chemical bleaching agent 17B and bonding adhesive 17D (as seen in Figure 1E) and a backsheet 17C of a hydrophobic barrier film. In such a configuration, the upper blown molten polypropylene microfiber material is desirably between 10 and 100 gsm basis weight, with a fiber size desirably between about 1 and 10 microns in diameter. Such material is available from Yuhan-Kimberly Corporation of Seoul, Korea. Because these melted and blown materials are inherently hydrophobic, they are desirably treated with wetting agents for proper handling of aqueous fluids such as menstrual flow. Examples of such wetting agents include surface active agents (or surfactants) with a lipophilic hydrophilic balance (HLB) of at least 6, preferably between 7 and 18. Definitions of "surfactant" and "HLB scale" can be found in the textbook “Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistri,” by Duncan J Shaw, 4th edition, 1992, published by Butterworth-Heinemann, Ltd. A variety of surfactants can be used and include those that are anionic, cationic, or charge neutral. Mixtures of surfactants and other wetting agents can also be used. The typical addition of wetting agent may range from about 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight of the substrate. However, addition levels greater than 10% by weight can also be used. These wetting agents can have an effect of moving aqueous fluids through a porous medium such as blown blown microfiber and/or a multi-layer laminate, but it has also been found that only certain wetting agents can discolor fluids such as menstrual flow. However, the degree of discoloration depends on the type of wetting agent. The bleaching agent in such a non-woven layer is desirably, in one application, a polyethylene glycol (PEG), applied via the extrusion coating process ("slot coating") in an amount of between about 10 and 30 gsm. Such PEG is exemplified by the PEG 8000 Carbowax Sentri product. Other coating processes such as saturation, spraying, contact roller and printing can also be used.
[00066] The construction adhesive is desirably used to laminate the blown blown microfiber layer in addition of between about 1 and 5 gsm and the barrier film layer is desirably a polyolefin film of a basis weight of between about about 10 and 40 gsm. In such laminate applications including both the chemical bleaching agent and adhesive, the chemical bleaching agent and adhesive may be employed in a single layer, or in separate layers (as seen specifically in Figure 1E). The traditional article construction adhesive can be used to bond the longitudinally directed side edge materials 17 to the longitudinally directed center top film material 15. Desirably, such a chemical bleaching agent is applied onto the blown and melted material layer 17A using a technique of saturation as a spray, foam, extrusion die or contact roller. Such an agent is desirably applied in an amount of between about 3 and 60 gsm. In such an application, it is desirable for such a chemical bleaching agent to be applied over the molten material and blown on the side facing the body or to be wrapped between layers. Such application of bleaching agent may span the entire surface of the blown and melted material layer (layer containing bleaching agent) or alternatively be in a pattern of bands along the length of the strip, with untreated areas between bands of bleaching agent. If such banding treatment is employed, such banding can be used to create discolored regions between undiscolored regions on the strips, serving as absorbent saturation warning indicators for consumers. In such a way, discoloration of a fluid with staining potential can be accomplished by the article, as well as providing a visual warning (through the appearance of colored and uncolored bands) to the consumer of imminent saturation of the absorbent. In an alternative application, different concentrations of a bleaching agent can be applied to strips on a strip so that filtration occurs on a graduated scale in the transverse direction of the strip. In yet another alternative application, different bleaching agents can be used at different ranges on the strip, for similar reasons. When a 17C film barrier layer is used in the overall top film design, it may include opacifying agents, such as film pigments, which aid the film in masking blemishes along or adjacent to the side edges of the absorbent 90. the film layer serves as a masking element in the absorbent to limit visualization of a menstrual flow spotting occurrence along the central, longitudinal axis L of the absorbent. The film layer can also serve as a barrier layer to prevent rewetting of the top film layer and wearer-facing surface, as well as preventing menstrual flow to the side edges of an article. Such a film layer may in some applications include openings to allow unidirectional fluid transfer to the core layer.
[00067] As seen in Figure 1C, in an alternative application, such top film layer 14 may include topographical features 17E that extend outward from the general plane of the top film layer 14, and result from side portions of the top film layer rising above the generally flat surface as a result of contracted elastic filaments, or 17F contractible yarns which are laminated to the top film layer along the longitudinal axis L, and which contract on lamination, or alternatively, during contact with the menstrual flow/dampness. Such filaments or yarns, being shown at two locations in the Figure, may be placed in various configurations directed longitudinally (usually in parallel) through the transverse axis of the article. Such a configuration is described, for example, in US Patent No. 20100152690 to Ong, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[00068] In yet another alternative application of a top film layer 14, as seen in the cross-sectional view of Figure 1D, instead of the longitudinally directed center top film material 15 surrounding the edges of the longitudinally side top film materials directed 17 and joined 19, (as seen in Figure 1C), can be joined 19 adjacent to the edge. Thus, the longitudinally directed side top film materials 17 make up the majority of the elevated feature in the top film layer 14.
[00069] The female sanitary napkin 10 of Figures 1 and 1A also contains at least one absorbent core layer 20 positioned between the top film layer 14 and the back film layer 12, which provides the ability to absorb and retain bodily fluids. One or more absorbent core layers 20 can be selected so that it/they demonstrate a specific total absorbent capacity, depending on the type of article. For example, for female care products, the total absorption capacity may normally be within the range of about 7-50 grams of menstrual fluid, and may more normally be within the range of about 30-40 grams of menstrual fluid. Within the feminine hygiene care article category, it may be desirable to have different levels of absorbency depending on the type of product. For example, women's care panty pads are typically worn by consumers for "light" menstrual flow days, women's care pads are typically worn by consumers for "regular" menstrual flow days, and oversize pads for women's care are typically used by consumers for night bands, or days with "heavy" menstrual flow. It may be desirable for female care protectors to have in one application, an absorption capacity of between about 1 and 5 grams of fluid. For feminine care absorbents, it may be desirable in one application to have an absorbent capacity of between about 10 and 30 grams of fluid. For large feminine care absorbents, in one application it may be desirable to have an absorbent capacity of between about 20 and 50 grams of fluid.
[00070] One or more layers of absorbent core 20 can generally be any single layer structure or combination of layer components, which desirably demonstrate some level of compressibility, conformability, are non-irritating to a wearer's skin, and capable of absorb and retain fluids and certain other body wastes. For example, the absorbent core layer 20 may include an absorbent web material of cellulosic fibers (e.g., wood pulp fibers), other natural fibers, synthetic fibers, woven or non-woven sheets, woven fabric, or other structures. stabilizers, superabsorbent material, bonding materials, surfactants, selected hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, pigments, lotions, odor control agents or the like, as well as combinations thereof. In a given application, the weft-absorbent web material is a fluff-type cellulose matrix and may also include superabsorbent material. The "fluff" type cellulose may comprise a mixture of "fluff" type cellulose. One desirable type of "fluff" is identified under the trade name NB 416, available from Weierhaeuser Corp., and is a highly absorbent, bleached wood pulp containing primary softwood fibers. Absorbent materials can be formed into a web structure by employing various conventional methods and techniques. For example, the absorbent web can be formed by a dry forming technique, an air forming technique, a wet forming technique, a foam forming technique (producing a foam or foam structure) or the like, as well as combinations of these. A coformed non-woven material can also be employed. Methods and apparatus for performing such techniques are well known in the art.
[00071] As illustrated in Figure 1A, in one application, the absorbent core layer 20 optionally includes longitudinally directed portions of front and rear bulb 21 and serrated or indented portions in the core 22 along the longitudinal edges of the side of the core 41. For purposes of the present invention, such serrated or jagged portions 22 are not structurally necessary, but desirable for a compact core concept. Core layer 20 may also optionally include an emboss feature 23 for fluid control benefits, or layer stability when wet. In the illustrated application, such an embossed feature 23 is not present along central areas of the longitudinal and transverse axis of the absorbent core layer 20. Such an embossed feature may also be present in the center of the absorbent core layer if desired. This core layer can be wrapped in tissue for integrity.
[00072] In an application of the core layer, core-side edge non-woven coatings 24 are initially positioned on the core facing surface 12A of the back film layer 12 to surround the longitudinally directed side edges of the absorbent core layer 20 and to contain a bleaching agent, whether or not the core layer includes scalloped or serrated portions 22. Such core-side edge nonwoven coatings are desirably constructed from blown and cast microfiber webs as previously described. A wide variety of core-side edge facing materials are considered non-woven sheets, film sheets or laminates thereof. Such material is in one application, wrapped around the side edges of a fluff-type cellulose-based absorbent core layer 20 in the finished product, and stores a bleaching agent 40, (as seen in Figures 1A and 1G). It should be understood that in an alternative application (not shown) the core-side edge coatings 24 may be wrapped around a layer edge of the non-toothed core as well. A side perspective view of the partial product can be seen in Figure 1F with the core-side edge liners 24 folded over the user-facing surface of the core layer 20. A cross-sectional view of the partial product of Figure 1F, taken along lines 1G-1G, can be seen in Figure 1. As seen in Figure 1G, the core-edge nonwoven coatings 24 store a bleaching agent 40 near the longitudinal side edges 41 of the absorbent core layer 20 This placement of the bleaching agent does not interfere with fluid flow into the core layer, and discolors such fluids before such fluid can exit the longitudinal side edges of the core layer (in the narrowest dimension of the product). A top view of a partial product, without a top film and with a core wrapped, surrounded by core-side edge coatings 24, and with the core layers including serrated side edges 22, shown in broken lines, can be seen in Figure 1H. Coating 24, which is in one application a blown blown microfiber material of polypropylene (MBMF), is desirably treated with a chemical bleaching agent 40, such as ammonium sulfate, in an addition of between about 40 and 120 gsm, alternatively between 60 and 100 gsm. In one application, such liners 24 are of a dimension of between about 2 and 6 inches in length and between about 0.5 and 2 inches in width. In another application, such coatings have a basis weight of between about 10 and 100 gsm, desirably between about 20 and 50 gsm, more desirably about 30 gsm.
[00073] In another alternative application, as illustrated in Figure 1I, an absorbent core core layer 25 may include a Z-fold structure along its longitudinally directed side edges. Such a structure includes bleaching agents 40 placed along its longitudinally directed side edges between layers 29A and 27A. As can be seen in Figure 1I, the overall core layer 25 includes Z-fold features at the side edge 26. In that structure, it is desired that the absorbent core core layer 25 include an uppermost layer 27 that faces the layer. top film in use (top film layer not shown). Such a core structure may be immediately adjacent to the top film layer, or alternatively adjacent to an intermediate transfer layer. Such topmost layer 27 is desirably an air-deposited fiber bonded structure that produces an average pore size of between 1 and 500 microns and a basis weight of between about 40 to 200 gsm. Such topmost layer 27 partially surrounds the absorbent backsheet 28 at the side edges. The shape of the overall core layer 25 from a top view (not shown) is desirably a rectangular or dogbone shape, as is known in the art. The longitudinal side edges of the uppermost layer 27 are folded so as to partially wrap or wrap around a lower absorbent layer 28, which is desirably a sheet containing a superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Desirably, such a sheet containing a superabsorbent polymer is a "fluff" based material which is a combination of cellulose and SAP surrounded by a fabric carrier and having a basis weight of between about 40 and 400 gsm. Positioned on the side edges 29A and also immediately under 29B the absorbent backsheet 28 (sheet containing superabsorbent polymer), is a barrier film layer, desirably between about 10 and 40 gsm, more desirably about 10 gsm and fabricated from of film-forming polymers like polyolefins like polyethylene. Such side film layers 29A are folded with the air-laid layer to create the Z configuration seen in Figure 1I. The film layers are joined at the sides of the air-deposited layer and the bottom surface of the lower absorbent layer 28. Such layers are also joined at the back film layer (not shown) or any layer between the back film layer and the layer of core. The film layers are desirably opaque, and include sufficient opacifying pigments (as the film technique is known) to obscure the view of any blemish present below the underlying air-deposited layer 27A. It should be recognized that the individual layers in this alternative absorbent core layer 25 can be bonded using traditional bonding techniques such as thermal, ultrasound or adhesive processes, within the core layer 25 itself, then bonded using any of these methods to the remaining structure of the absorbent article. Such an alternative core layer structure directs any occurrence in the layer by menstrual flow that is not held within the lower absorbent layer 28, to flow along the Z-folded structure. In flowing along the Z-fold, menstrual flow spots are hidden by the top view 29A film layers by the Z configuration (when viewing through the top film) and discolored along the sides by the bleaching agents 40. It should be recognized that although not shown in this figure, one layer of the back film 12 is similarly positioned below (along axis D) and adjacent to layer 29B and air-deposited layer 27A. It should be noted that any staining within the absorbent core layer 25 of this application is hidden from view of the top film layer, making any occurrence appear centered within the article, and having relatively clean longitudinal side edges. Any leakage of an occurrence of menstrual flow from the longitudinally directed side edges of such a core is also discolored before exiting the feminine sanitary napkin. As an alternative to this application, such film layers 29A and 29B can be replaced with a fibrous material, or a chemically treated fibrous material, designed to provide a hydrophobic barrier. Such an alternative core layer 25 structure can be used in conjunction with any of the previously described top films or in another application, with any type of traditional top film layer, such as with a homogeneous aperture film or permeable non-woven layer.
[00074] In yet another alternative application of an absorbent core layer structure for use in the female sanitary napkin of Figure 1, a cross-sectional view of an absorbent core layer construction is illustrated in Figure 1J. While the top view of this structure may be rectangular or dog-bone shaped molded as described above (and not shown), the cross-sectional view of the alternative application includes a main absorbent layer 31, which is adhesively or otherwise joined together. along the lateral longitudinal edges of its garment facing surface, in "V" folded laminate 35, non-woven 33 and film layer 32. Such V-folded laminate is essentially a projection directed laterally outward from the core layer. In such an application, the absorbent core core layer 31 may be any absorbent material traditionally employed as a compressed core containing a fluff-based material deposited by air or SAP. Desirably in such an application, a masking film layer 32 is positioned along the inner surface of the V-fold. This film layer can be of any traditional barrier film material, but desirably in one application is polyethylene of about 10 gsm. Alternatively, the basis weight of such a film layer is between about 10 and 40 gsm. As described above for masking film layers, this film layer may include masking pigments to obscure the vision of the smear when viewed from the top film layer. Laminated onto the film by any known method, desirably is a non-woven layer treated with a bleaching agent. In such an application, the non-woven agent treated is a latex bonded air-laid web or a blown blown microfiber web with a basis weight of between about 20 and 150 gsm. In such a structural core configuration, masking and stain discoloration can be achieved by the core structure (as also described with respect to the immediately above application), but in a less complex core concept. Such an alternative core layer structure can be used in conjunction with any of the above-described top films or in another application, with any type of traditional top film layer, such as with a homogeneous aperture film or non-woven permeable layer. Although shown in a raised configuration for ease of viewing, the absorbent core layer 31 and underside V-fold laminates 35 are actually desirably joined to a backsheet (such as the back film layer) in practice application. The "V" folded laminate 35 may, for the purposes of this invention, also be described as "U" folded.
[00075] In any of the alternative absorbent core layers described above (Figures 1I and 1J), such layers act to delay the spread of an occurrence of menstrual flow until reaching the side edges of the absorbent article. This delay can result in an increase in the actual absorptive capacity of the absorbent core and at the same time provide masking along the lateral edges of the absorbent to address consumer emotional concerns about staining of the absorbent with menstrual flow.
[00076] In yet another alternative application of the sanitary napkin of Figure 1, as seen in Figure 1K, a cross-sectional view of the various layers of absorbent is shown. The absorbent includes a top film layer 14 and a back film layer 12. Underlying the back film layer 12 in the direction of axis D are garment-grip adhesive areas 91 and 92. The garment adhesive area 91 is located. along the central longitudinal axis of the absorbent's garment-facing surface of the back film, for attachment directly to the genital portion of an undergarment. The two side flap adhesive areas 92 are positioned below the flaps 11, also on the garment facing surface of the back film. Adhesive/release sheets 93, 94 are respectively positioned over the garment adhesive area 91, and the flap adhesive areas 92. The top film layer 14 includes a topographical/elevated feature 17E raised in part by shrinkable fibers 17F. The topfilm layer 14 wraps around the longitudinally directed contractile fibers 17F and is joined to the side nonwoven topfilm layers 95 through at least juncture points or tie lines 19. Desirably, the film layers upper side nonwovens are of a film and nonwoven layer laminate of continuous bonding after extrusion, a continuous bonding layer laminate after extrusion-cast and blown-cast material and blown-continuous bonding after extrusion, or alternatively, a hydrophobic non-woven material. Other types of materials have been described previously. On top of such side layers there is desirably placed a laminate 97 of a bleach-treated nonwoven strip 98 which is laminated to a masking element, such as a film layer 99 or other hydrophobic nonwoven layer, therewith dimensions. Such laminate 97 is placed along the longitudinal lateral edges of the absorbent in a configuration that places it adjacent to the lateral edges 90 of the absorbent and over a portion of tab 11. Desirably, such non-woven strip layer 98 is an MBMF layer that is treated with a bleaching agent, such as a high molecular weight PEG of about 10 to 30 gsm, by extrusion coating or spray application. Such treated strip is desirably between about 5 to 60 mm in width along the transverse axis direction of the absorbent and extends laterally outward to cover both the longitudinal side edges of the absorbent 90 and a portion of the flaps 11. Such MBMF layer it is desirably treated with a wetting agent and PEG. It is desirable for such strips to extend the entire length of the article, but a shorter strip will also work. Such shorter strips in an alternative application can extend between about 30 and 100 percent of the article's length. While it is more desirable to add these strips along the longitudinal lateral edges of the article, they can in an alternative application be added in shortened lengths at all ends of the article in the transverse direction, to reduce the potential for leakage staining from the ends of the article. article. In yet another alternative application, these can be added along all edges of the article. Alternatively, instead of placing the strips above the top film material, such strips can be placed below the top film materials, above the core layer at the same general locations. Such treated nonwoven and film laminate 97 includes a film layer for masking purposes and positions the film layer facing the upper film side nonwoven layers 95. In one application, the film masking layer is in a film with openings. In alternative applications, such masking layer may be an opaque, hydrophobic non-woven layer. As illustrated in Figure 1J, an absorbent layer 31 is positioned adjacent an additional air-deposited layer 30. The absorbent layer 31 is adhesively bonded 34 to a film and a laminate of treated non-woven fabric, with a film layer 32 positioned thereon. along the interior of a layer configuration containing a "U"-shaped or "V"-shaped bleach 35 along the longitudinal axis of the article, and extending laterally outward from the side edges 100 of at least the layer. main absorbent core, and desirably all absorbent core layers, if more than one. Such a U-shaped or V-shaped bleaching agent-containing layer is a projection directed laterally away from the core layer. Such projections may be positioned either outside the garment facing surface or outside the top film facing surface of the core layer. The treated non-woven layer 33 is positioned in the illustrated application, along the outside of the "U"-shaped or "V"-shaped configuration 35. The non-woven layer can be an application, or an air-deposited layer. or an MBMF layer as described above and is desirably treated with between about 20 and 200 gsm of a bleaching agent such as a salt. In one application, the salt is desirably ammonium sulfate. The absorbent core layer 31 is desirably a layer of "fluff" material, an air-deposited layer or an SAP sheet. An air-deposited layer 30 is desirably positioned between the top film layer 14 and the absorbent core layer 31. In addition, a bicomponent fluid distribution layer (BFDL) 96 is positioned between the air-deposited layer 30 and the layer. of the top film 14.
[00077] In yet another alternative application of the absorbent of Figure 1, as seen in Figure 1L and showing a cross-sectional view, instead of having a separate layer of film masking laminate/layer with bleaching agent adjacent to the longitudinal side edges of the upper side film layer materials 95 (as seen in Figure 1K), the film masking layer laminate/layer with bleaching agent itself produces the upper film side layers (as seen in Figures 1B, 1C , and 1D). Other structures are similar to those in Figure 1K. As seen in Figure 1L, the bleaching agent layer in the top film side layers 17A, 17C, and "U"-shaped bleach layers extending laterally outward from the lower core surface 32, 33 (adjacent to the backfilm layer 12) each extending laterally towards the side edges of the article and towards the flaps 11. In particular, the side edge materials of the top film extend towards the side edges and flap areas at 110, and the U-shaped decolorizer layers extend laterally away from the lower surface of the core towards the side edge of the article and flaps, past the side edges of the core layer 111 above it along axis D. , for applications illustrated in Figures 1K and 1L, there are two separate layers containing bleaching agent, each of which is part of laminates with masking layers (although masking layers are not required), each of which is not contained within the main absorbent layer of the article (so as not to impede menstrual flow within the main absorbent layers), and each of which extend beyond the side edges 100 of the core layers of the article in the transverse axis direction.
[00078] As can be seen from the various applications described above, the bleaching agent layers from the various applications extend laterally beyond the longitudinal side edges of the main absorbent core layers 20, 28, 31 (laterally beyond the longitudinal lateral edges of the core when viewed along axis D). In many applications, such bleaching agent-containing layers also include masking layers laminated thereto to provide such absorbents with leak bleach potential (in two vital areas of the absorbent) as well as stain masking.
[00079] As seen from the various applications, the feminine sanitary napkin 10 may also contain additional layers. For example, in one application, sanitary napkin 10 can contain a liquid permeable entry layer positioned between top film layer 14 and absorbent core layer 20. As seen in Figure 1A, sanitary napkin 10 includes a layer additional air-deposited absorbent 30. Such inlet layer may be fabricated from a material that is capable of rapidly transferring, in the D direction, the body fluid that is delivered to the top film layer 14. The inlet layer may generally have any shape and/or size desired. In one application, the entry layer is a rectangular shape, with a length equal to or less than the total length of the sanitary napkin 10 and a width less than the width of the sanitary napkin 10. For example, a length of between about 150 mm to about 300 mm and a width of between about 10 mm to about 60 mm can be used. Any of a variety of different materials are able to be used for the input layer to perform the aforementioned functions. The material can be synthetic, cellulosic, or a combination of synthetic and cellulosic materials. For example, air deposited cellulosic fabrics may be suitable for use in the entry layer. The air deposited cellulosic fabric can have a basis weight ranging from about 10 gsm to about 300 gsm, and in some applications, between about 100 gsm to about 250 gsm. In one application, the air deposited cellulosic fabric has a basis weight of about 200 gsm. The air deposited fabric can be formed from short wood fibers and/or long wood fibers. A tissue deposited by air in a structure of fine pores and provides excellent drainage capacity, especially for menstrual flow.
[00080] Additional layers between the top film layer and the core layer include liquid permeable transfer delay layers or burst layers as they are commonly known. Yet another layer that may be present between the top film layer and the absorbent core layer includes a bi-component fluid distribution layer (BFDL), which increases absorption by providing a large void and can be produced from a TABCW, with base weight in an application between 25 and 100 gsm. While side flaps 11 are shown as formed from extensions of back film 12 and top film 14 such that these are integral portions of absorbent 10, these can also be later connected to non-integral structures. As an additional but optional feature for the applications described, lines of polymeric material can be applied along the edges, or adjacent to the edges, of any of the layers described (not shown). Such polymeric material can be applied to the wearer-facing surface or to the garment-facing surface so as to create an additional hydrophobic barrier to stop or slow menstrual flow by spreading the stain.
[00081] In yet another alternative application of a feminine sanitary napkin of the invention, as shown in the top view of Figure 2 and the respective cross-sectional view in Figure 2A taken along line 2A-2A of Figure 2, the bleaching agents directed can be applied to multiple discrete and separate layers of an absorbent core structure. As seen in Figure 2A, for example, sanitary napkin 120 includes a back film layer 12 and a top film layer 14. In one application, a BFDL layer 65 is positioned adjacent the top film layer 14. Adjacent to the top film layer 14. BFDL 65 is positioned an air-deposited multifunctional layer 60. Adjacent to the air-deposited multifunctional layer 60 is positioned a traditional fluff-based core layer 55. The fluff-based core layer 55 can in one application be treated throughout its structure with a bleaching agent, or alternatively be treated with such an agent along the longitudinal side edges 56 only. Adjacent to the traditional fluff-based core layer 55 is a bleach-treated backing layer 50. Such backing layer can be fabricated from a variety of known materials, such as a non-woven layer or a foam layer that has been treated throughout its structure, or along the longitudinal side edges 53 with a bleaching agent. In one application, the backing layer has a basis weight of between about 50 and 200 gsm. In another application, the length and width dimensions of the BFDL layer are the same as the support layer. In yet another application, the decolorizing agent is treated in the backing layer 50, only at locations 52 on the backing layer that are outside the peripheral dimensions of the fluff-based core layer 55 which lies above it. along the D axis. Thus, as an occurrence of menstrual flow travels through an absorbent core structure to its peripheral edges, it is discolored at or after the peripheral edges through the outer edges of the core or by the backing layer, from so that any leakage of the absorbent along the longitudinally directed side edges are devoid of significant color or practically colorless.
[00082] It should be recognized that in yet another alternative application of the invention, the structures depicted in Figures 2 and 2A may also be used in conjunction with the top film layer configurations depicted in the preceding Figures.
[00083] In this way, the bleaching agents are desirably separated into two or more distinct layers containing bleaching agent within the product, and as desired, can be employed together with masking elements and optionally polymeric barrier materials. Such layers containing the bleaching agent are positioned laterally from core layers and/or regions of initial fluid deposition (along the central longitudinal axis of the article) so that absorption paths are not disturbed within the article. It should also be recognized that several types of bleaching agents can be employed in a single absorbent article. In yet another alternative application of the article, the overall width in the transverse direction between the lateral edges and layer containing the bleaching agent (such as strips, layer or projections) is greater than the absorbent layer, or, alternatively, greater than any layer containing a superabsorbent. That is, the width in the transverse direction between one side edge to the other of the layer containing the bleaching agent (such as between the outer side edge of strips, projections or backing layer), is desirably greater than the width of the absorbent layer or layers containing superabsorbent.
[00084] By employing the applications described here, a region of discoloration is created at or near the lateral periphery of the absorbent which is treated with the bleaching agent. In this way, the bleaching agent helps to flush out color fluids with the potential to stain the edges of the product, and desirably out of the top film layer, where leakage is more likely to occur in modern feminine hygiene absorbent articles. Internal regions of the product can be left substantially untreated by the bleaching agents, thereby allowing the bleaching agents to target the targeted menstrual stream in specific peripheral structures. This allows a user to observe and inspect the body fluids in the center of the product and also allows bleaching agents to be applied only to those portions of the product necessary to achieve the desired effect so that untreated regions can continue to fulfill their functions such as absorption or drainage of fluids, etc., without undue stiffness or sacrifice of comfort. In addition, the use of targeted bleaching agents in conjunction with masking structures (if desired) provides additional emotional comfort for users who prefer not to see the spread of stains due to menstrual flow and also seeking comfort in knowing what leaks may result from such absorbent will result in less visibly apparent staining of clothing or bedding.
[00085] Desirable bleaching agents to be used in conjunction with the structural applications described herein include a wide variety of chemicals. Although known bleaching agents can be used, it is desirable that the bleaching agents be selected from the following categories of chemical agents for the following reasons.
[00086] In an application of the invention, the bleaching agent is desirably a menstrual flow filtering chemistry, i.e. an agent that can precipitate, gel, separate phases of components or else demonstrate an affinity for the red components of the menstrual flow. Such chemistry can be applied/treated to one or more of the described layers of the feminine hygiene absorbent article. It has been found that when the menstrual flow reaches the treated material, the red component of the menstrual flow, composed of red blood cells and the hemoglobin protein, is made insoluble in an aggregated form and is retained by the article layer as only a clear solution or slightly colored that is relatively innocuous to the stain, it detaches from the affected area. Therefore, any lateral leakage from an absorbent, or rewetting (i.e., fluid flowing back into the absorbent from the surface of the topsheet), demonstrates a light appearance or reduced coloration.
[00087] It has therefore been found that in one application, polyethylene glycols or PEGs and polyethylene oxides or PEOs with average molecular weights of between about 300 and 2,000,000, alternatively between about 500 and 2,000,000, alternatively between about 1000 and 1,000,000, alternatively between about 1000 and 400,000, alternatively between about 1000 and 100,000, alternatively between about 3000 and 100,000 are desirable for use with this invention. In another application, PEGs or PEOs with average molecular weights between about 3000 and 35,000 are desirable. As the ethylene oxide chain impacts the functionality of the invention, PEG variants with different functional groups at each end are also acceptable for use in the invention. Linear as well as branched shapes are likewise acceptable for use in the invention. For example, higher molecular weight methoxypolyethylene glycols, or MPEGs, similarly have such an effect as to have MPEGs with a molecular weight greater than or equal to about 750. These ranges demonstrated noticeable discoloration of the surrounding menstrual fluid flow. In yet another application, PEGs with average molecular weights of between about 4000 and 12000 are desirable. Finally, other chemical derivatives such as Cetiol-HE will have similar effects as PEG and thus are contemplated to be within the scope of the invention.
[00088] The relative percentages of addition and the level of addition in grams per square meter (gsm) or in percent by weight (% by weight) of the composition with respect to a base substrate dimension (area or weight) may vary to achieve the desired level of bleach. The "addition level percentage with respect to weight" is determined by subtracting the weight of untreated substrate from the weight of treated substrate (after any optional drying step), dividing this calculated weight by the weight of untreated substrate, and then multiplying by 100% by weight to produce a percent by weight. In some applications involving PEG, PEO and mPEG chemical bleaching agents, the addition level of the bleaching agents is at least about 15% by weight, alternatively at least about 25% by weight, in some applications of about 15 to 190% by weight and in yet another alternative, from 50% by weight to about 200% by weight.
[00089] The gsm addition level of the composition is the actual dry weight added (in grams) for the same area of the initial substrate. Desirably, substrate addition levels can range from about 5 to 150 gsm. In an alternative application, such addition levels can range from about 5 to 100 gsm and in still other applications from about 4 to 40 gsm, or still from about 60 to 100 gsm. In particular, for an 8000 molecular weight PEG, a treatment of about 5 to 40 gsm or alternatively between approximately 50-100 gsm addition level is desirable.
[00090] Because the higher molecular weight PEGs are solid, they can be applied to non-woven substrates by extrusion coating or spray applications. Alternatively, PEGs can be placed in solvents such as water or alcohol and applied by spraying, dipping or various printing methods. Such non-woven applications can be uniform or non-uniform. Since higher levels of addition of such chemical agents have a greater discoloration effect, but also impact absorbency, it is also desirable to place such bleaching agents in predominantly non-absorbent layers, or on the periphery of the absorbent article or layers. absorbents. Such PEG and PEO materials are available from the Dow Chemical Company under the tradenames CARBOWAX and CARBOWAX SENTRI, Sigma-Aldrich and Acros Organics.
[00091] Chemical agents for additional menstrual flow filtration that can be used in conjunction with the structural invention include surface active agents ("surfactants") such as those based on polyether siloxane chemical agents. Examples of polyether siloxanes, also known as dimethicone copolyol, include but are not limited to MASIL SF 19, available from Emerald Performance Materials, LLC, of Cheienne, Wioming and Dow Corning fluid 193C ("DC193C") and Dow Corning Q2-5211 Superwetting Agent ("Q2-5211"), both available from Dow Corning of Midland, MI. Other surfactants that can be used include ethoxylated fatty esters such as ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil. Another family of surfactants that can be used include those of the alkyl polyglycoside ("APG") category, such as those described in US Patent No. 6,060,636, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. An example of such surfactants include Glucopon 220 UP and Standapol 215 UP, available from Cognis Corp. of Cincinnati, OH. Another example of a surfactant that can be used as a bleaching agent includes, Cirrasol PP 862 (formerly known as Ahcovel Base-N 62) from Croda, Inc.
[00092] As with PEGs, PEOs, and derivatives thereof such as methyl terminated PEG's (or MPEG's), it has been found that a wide range of surfactants and wetting agent addition levels can be used in conjunction with the invention , as described above.
[00093] It has also been found that higher or variable density fibrous layer substrates can further enhance the filtering effects of chemical agent materials as well. In particular, it has been found that the substrate and chemical agent can be manipulated to create a synergistic filtering effect. It is observed that two factors of the base substrate contribute to the filtering effect, the first being the pore size of the substrate, and the second being the drainage capacity of the substrate. Therefore, various substrates may be desirable applications for use as a layer containing a bleaching agent. A hydrophilically treated blown blown microfiber substrate is desirable, based on pore size and drainage capacity. In addition, multiple layers of PEG-treated non-woven materials, such as air-laid materials, can be joined in a stepped format to further enhance the filtering effect. By staggered, it is considered that a piece of material is joined to another with some overlap, but also with some spacing between the layers. Staggered non-woven fabric increases the flow path of menstrual flow in the same way as a highly porous substrate with high drainage, thus increasing the filtration efficiency of the PEG. Such a combination can improve the barrier function of the stain on the substrate, thus limiting the propagation of the visual stain to a particular region, allowing only a clear or nearly clear fluid to exit the denser substrate area. In other alternative applications of the article, multiple layers containing bleaching agents may be separated by physical gaps or spaces, or one or more layers within the article, or alternatively placed one after the other (immediately adjacent to each other in the depth direction) of the article. Such separation aids in the lateral and longitudinal distribution/drainage of the menstrual flow stain on the article.
[00094] In order to test the PEG chemical agent for its intended use, the following experiments were conducted: Experimental Examples
[00095] General procedure for producing substrates with chemical treated and related agents with high molecular weight PEG:
[00096] PEGs of different average molecular weights were applied to non-woven materials by immersion of the non-woven samples and then air-dried with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% (by weight) of PEG solution in water on a pulp-based, single-layer air-deposited substrate bonded with 60 gsm latex (Sambo, Korea). The addition was from 0.37 to 0.40 grams of PEG. PEGs were obtained from Dow Chemicals in granulated or flake form under the trade name CARBOWAX, from Sigma-Aldrich and from Acros Organics. First the PEG was dissolved in distilled water at 20% concentration. The air-deposited was immersed in the PEG solution, the excess liquid was removed by suspension in air for 15 minutes and then the air-deposited sample was dried in an oven situated at 80°C in a flat condition for 2 hours. Alternatively, the sample was allowed to air dry for two days. The obtained and treated leaves were tested to observe the filtering bleach on the leaves. For the purposes of these experiments, leaf filtration was conducted by pouring 0.1-0.3 grams of menstrual flow simulator, or alternatively 200 µl, dropwise from a pipette onto the leaves. The leaves were then examined to see if there was a discoloration gap or zone in the stain as it drained into the resulting plasma substrate (clear liquid) separating from the red blood cells or hemoglobin. For the purposes of these experiments, addition was calculated as the percentage of basis weight of PEG added divided by the basis weight of base material. - Sheets treated with PEG of average molecular weight 3015-3685 (Sigma-Aldrich) showed a discolored partial clearance (1 mm) from regions colored by menstrual flow, from 90% addition level to 190% (approximately 2 mm ). A higher addition level of PEG produced a wider discoloration clearance (1~2mm), but no more than 2mm clearance and it became stiffer in the sheet the higher the addition level being used.- Sheets treated with 7000-9000 average molecular weight PEG (Acros Organic) showed a discolored (less than 1 mm) partial clearance from regions colored by menstrual flow, from 60% addition level to 190%. A higher addition of PEG level showed a greater bleach clearance (1~2mm), but no more than 2mm clearance and became stiffer in the sheet, the highest addition level being used.- Sheets treated with 16000-24000 weight average molecular weight PEG (Sigma Aldrich) showed a discolored partial clearance from colored regions by menstrual flow, from 60% add level up to 190%. A higher addition of PEG level showed a greater bleach clearance (1~2mm), but no more than 2mm clearance and became stiffer in the sheet, the highest addition level being used.- Sheets treated with 35000 average molecular weight PEG (Sigma Aldrich) showed a discolored partial clearance from regions colored by menstrual flow, from 60% add level up to 190%. A higher level addition showed a greater decolorizer clearance (1~2mm), but no more than 2mm clearance and became stiffer on the sheet, the highest addition level being used.
[00097] In tests with PEGs of different molecular weights, the higher molecular weight PEGs required less addition of amount for the same discoloration of the menstrual flow simulator, but it was observed that PEGs with molecular weight above 8000, the differences were insignificant in observation of filtering. It was also observed that the solubility of PEG in aqueous media was significantly reduced with increasing molecular weight. As more time was required for PEG solubilization, the bleach clearance was reduced.
[00098] Blown and blown microfiber sheets (polypropylene MBMF) were also used in the experiments, with a basis weight of 50 gsm. It should be noted however that 20 and 60 gsm MBMF frames are also available. The sheets were supplied by Yuhan-Kimberly Corporation Korea, and also available from FiberTex, Malaysia. The sheets were hydrophilically treated by Aerosol GPG from Citec, or alternatively by Ahcovel Base N-62. - In particular, a 50 gsm hydrophilically treated MBMF sheet was treated with 3015-3685 average molecular weight PEG and 7000-9000 average molecular weight PEG by immersing and air drying with 30% PEG solution (in weight) in water, which yielded the addition amount of 130% or 106% in MBMF respectively. These sheets were tested for discoloration by filtration on the menstrual flow simulator sheets. A higher clearance of resulting discoloration (3-5mm) has been demonstrated. Additionally, the resulting melted and blown material appeared smoother than that deposited by pulp-based air.
[00099] MPEG has also been tested for its ability to discolor menstrual flow. In particular, the same general testing procedures were employed. MPEG was obtained from Dow Chemical with a molecular weight of about 750. A 15% by weight mPEG solution was prepared. Air-deposited material or MBMF substrates were dipped into the solution and air dried. A few drops of the simulator (1-3 drops) were placed on the substrate treated with mPEG and after a few minutes, a clear fluid was observed along the peripheral areas around the simulator on the substrate.
[000100] In another application, chemical agents of carbomer and salt have been successful in separating menstrual flow coloring agents from uncolored menstrual flow portions. In particular, the bleaching agent for a layer of the bleaching agent is selected from the group of trichloroacetic acid, ammonium sulfate and acrylate polymers (carbomers) or combinations thereof, with the optional addition of non-ammonium sulfate salts . Such materials have been found to be particularly desirable treatments to be placed specifically on or adjacent to an absorbent core layer, or, alternatively, in a backing layer to be placed between an absorbent core layer and a backing film layer. Such a backing layer can be selected from foams, sponge-like nets, non-wovens such as paper layers, fabrics or particles and desirably extends beyond the side edges of the absorbent core layer as shown in Figure 2A. For non-woven backing layers such as papers, in one application it is desirable for such basis weight to be between about 50 to 150 gsm. For foam type support layers, in one application it is desirable for such basis weight to be between 100 and 200 gsm.
[000101] An effective combination for use in an absorbent core layer or backing layer is a mixture of an acrylate polymer and a salt. Examples of such a desirable acrylate polymer include carbomer available from Lubrizol of Ohio and Spectrum Chemicals of New Jersey and California. Carbomers from other vendors and suppliers may also be used. Specific examples of desirable carbomers include Carbopol ETD 2020, Carbopol Ultrez 21, Carbopol 980 NF and Carbopol 1342 NF from Lubrizol. Examples of salts to be used with such an acrylate polymer include sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate.
[000102] By this chemical combination, a suspension of the carbomer and a salt solution can be prepared by mixing in water and stirring until a suspension is obtained. Suggested dispersion techniques are described on Lubrizol's corporate websites. In one application, an acceptable range of such a combination would be between about 0.1% to 1% carbomer and between about 4 and 20% salt. This may desirably be applied over a fibrous material or an open cell foam (or foam-like material) and be dried. A substrate is loaded with this combination as described and then, if loaded onto a backing layer, placed adjacent to the absorbent core layer of an absorbent article (such as between the core layer and the backfilm layer). In this way, any slowly absorbed menstrual flow comes into contact with the bleaching agent and undergoes bleaching, without affecting the absorption level of a core layer. Over a period of time, the discolored menstrual stream is separated on the treated substrate. The red color is confined to the center of the absorbent, if applied to a centrally positioned core layer or backing layer, and a relatively colorless liquid is allowed to pass beyond the core should a leak actually occur. Desirably in one application, the chemical agent is applied to a substrate using a dip-and-compress or spray method and at addition levels/amounts of carbomer between about 9 and 33 gsm, NaCl between about 17-78 gsm and sulphate. ammonium of between about 16-310 gsm. In a desirable application, an absorbent core layer is treated by a dip or spray method with between about 50 and 300 gsm of ammonium sulfate and a foam backing layer is treated by a dip or spray method with about 20 gsm NaCl and between about 11-16 gsm carbomer. Such a backing layer may have a dimension similar to a BFDL contained in the article and extend beyond the peripheral dimensions of the absorbent core layer at least along the longitudinal side edges (side faces) of the core layer. Examples of Experimental Carbomer:
[000103] In several experiments, a non-woven material such as paper material or blown or blown or foam material was dipped into a suspension consisting of 0.7% Carbopol ETD 2020 and 8% NaCl and left stirring in an orbital shaker for approximately 10 minutes . The material was removed with tweezers and excess liquid was removed by holding it gently over a sink. The material was then transferred to a polypropylene mesh for drying. Alternatively, for thin non-woven samples, the material was first placed horizontally over the polypropylene mesh and then sprayed with the treatment solution through a spray bottle. As with the previous method, excess liquid was allowed to drain into an area of the sink. Regardless of the treatment methods, the treated materials were left to dry in an oven at between about 50-60°C. For foam materials, the drying temperature was kept below 60°C.
[000104] Once completely dry, the materials were removed and used for testing. The treated materials were deposited under an absorbent core layer, with a non-woven entry layer positioned on top of the absorbent core layer. Dimensions of the treated material extending beyond the absorbent core layer so that it is easily visible when viewed from above and can be seen extending beyond the edges of the overlapping absorbent core layer. The samples were placed on a balance and between about 5 to 10 g of menstrual flow simulator was applied to the top of the non-woven inlet layer using a plastic transfer pipette and slowly dripped the simulator in a central region until the desired weight of application has been achieved. The menstrual flow simulator was allowed to be absorbed into the nucleus from fluid transfer. After 1 to 2 hours or more, filtration of color components from the menstrual flow simulator was observed, such that clear fluid drained to the side edges of the treated material (as observed at least along the upper surface of treated material) , while a red staining occurred in the center of the center layer in the region initially affected. It was observed that the amount of drained fluid increased with increasing time and amount of occurrence. Examples of Experimental Zinc Oxide:
[000105] In another application of the invention, a suspension of zinc oxide in water and surfactants, was discovered to absorb (and therefore filter) the red protein contained in the menstrual flow. It has been found that for such a system to be successful, it is desirable to have acidifying agents present in the layered structure to maintain the relative pH at a desired level of between about 3 and 6. Additionally, the zinc oxide must be stably associated with a layer substrate. As a result, in an application of a zinc oxide bleach mixture, the mixture includes zinc oxide particles, a surfactant to disperse the zinc oxide, an acidifying agent, a binder to bind this zinc oxide to a non-metallic substrate. fabric or other material and a solvent. Such a mixture can be applied to a substrate in one step rather than through a multi-step process. Desirably in such a suspension, zinc oxide is present in an amount of between about 0.1% by weight and 20% by weight, more desirably in an amount of about 0.5% by weight and 10% by weight, a surfactant is present in an amount of between about 0.1% by weight and 20% by weight, more desirably between about 0.5% by weight and about 10% by weight, an acidifying agent is present to create a pH range. between 3 and 6 µg, a binder is present in an amount of between about 0.1% by weight and 10% by weight, more desirably between about 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight. An example of such ZnO particles include Solaveil CZ-300 from Croda (Edison, NJ), Zinc Oxide from NanoScale Materials, Inc., of Manhattan, KS. Examples of such surfactants include DC 193 C from Dow Corning (of Midland, MI) and Ahcovel Base N-62 from ICI. In one application, superwetting agents are more desirable, such as a polyether siloxane. Examples of such acidifying agents include lactic acid from Sigma Aldrich (of Milwaukee, WI). Examples of such binders include Chitosan such as Hidagen HCMF from Cognis (of Cincinnati, OH). Desirably, this blend has an addition of between about 0.2 and 20% by weight to a variety of substrate materials, including blown and cast microfibers and other nonwovens and laminates with similar capillary structures. Such a zinc oxide mixture may also include other chemical functional agents as desired, such as, for example, preservatives, antioxidants, flavors, pigments and antimicrobials. Furthermore, instead of zinc oxide, other metal oxides such as silica can be used, also in lower pH environments. Such application is desirably applied to a substrate using spray, saturation, extrusion, foam and print methods. Zinc Oxide Formulations:
[000106] Samples were prepared from non-woven microfibers fused and blown to 35 gsm. The blown and melted layer was treated by saturation (dip and compression methods) using a laboratory wringer and the samples were allowed to dry normally at 80°C for 1 hour or until a constant weight was reached. The material was treated at an addition level of about 10% by weight. Menstrual flow was contacted in such samples by depositing a 2ml drop of menstrual flow simulator. Formulation 1
Formulation 2
Formulation 3

Formulation 4

[000107] For each of the above formulations, the menstrual flow simulator was successfully filtered, as the red dye was visually observed when isolated from the vicinity of the fluid extension. However, for formulation 3, good fluid drainage properties were observed but the bleach was not as pronounced as in other examples where ZnO was present. In one application it is desirable to include such a ZnO blend as a treatment in the top film side materials or the wrap side materials between the edge and core.
[000108] Each of these chemical filtering agents described above can be used in an additional application, with a polymer barrier line applied to one or more layers. Such a polymer barrier can be placed over a substrate, such as peripheral portions of the absorbent layer or side edge and core wrapping substrates described above in Figures 1B-1D, 1G, 1I and 1J. Essentially, such a polymeric barrier can be applied in a discontinuous or desirably continuous line or strip to an article layer, thus creating a physical barrier material to block menstrual flow. Such a polymer barrier can include a copolymer system that contains a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers that are water soluble, but act as a barrier when applied to a substrate. Examples of such polymers include acrylic acid, 2-acrylamiodo-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid and sodium salt, n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Such a mixture may include surfactants or ampholytic molecules such as sodium lauryl sulphate and disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate. Water-insoluble polymers can include, for example, acrylates (C12-22), alkyl methacrylate copolymer and acrylate/octylacrylamide copolymer. It has been found that the application of such materials still allows for a level of softness in a substrate. Such polymer barrier can be applied in one application by printing or spraying a 5 to 20% (by weight) solution in alcohol at an addition level of between about 0.1% and 20%. Desirably, such polymer is applied at 1% to 10% and between about 0.5 and 10 mm from the outermost edges of the article.
[000109] A variety of techniques can be used to apply the bleaching agent compositions to a predominantly non-absorbent backing substrate. For example, the bleaching agent composition can be applied using rotogravure or gravure printing, either directly or indirectly ("offset"). Engraving printing involves several well-known engraving techniques such as mechanical engraving, acid engraving, electronic engraving, and ceramic laser engraving. Such printing techniques provide excellent throughput control and agent composition distribution. Gravure printing can provide, for example, from about 10 to about 1000 deposits per linear inch (2.54 cm) of surface or from about 100 to about 1,000,000 deposits per square inch (2. .54 cm2). Each deposit results from an individual cell on a printing roller, so the density of the deposits corresponds to the density of the cells. A suitable example electronically recorded for a primary delivery zone is about 200 deposits per linear inch (2.54 cm) of surface, or about 40,000 deposits per square inch (2.54 cm2). By providing such a high number of small deposits, the uniformity of deposit distribution can be improved. Also, due to the large number of small deposits applied to the substrate surface, the deposits resolidify more quickly on the exposed portions of the fiber. Suitable gravure printing techniques are also described in U.S. Patent No. 6,231,719 to Garvey, et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference for all purposes. Furthermore, in addition to gravure printing, it should be understood that other printing techniques, such as flexographic printing, can also be used to apply the composition.
[000110] Yet another suitable contact printing technique that can be used in the present invention is screen printing. Screen printing is performed manually or photomechanically. Fabrics can include a mesh of silk or nylon fabric with, for example, about 40 to 120 openings per linear centimeter. The screen material is attached to a frame and stretched to provide a smooth surface. The stencil is applied to the underside of the canvas, that is, the side in contact with the substrate on which the composition will be printed. The decolorizing composition is painted onto the canvas and transferred by wiping the canvas (which is in contact with the substrate) with a squeegee.
[000111] Inkjet printing techniques can also be employed in the present invention. Inkjet printing is a non-contact printing technique that involves forcing ink through a small nozzle (or a series of nozzles) to form drops that are directed toward the substrate. Two techniques are generally used, namely DOD printing ("Drop-On-Demand" - Drops on Demand) or CIJ ("Continuous Ink Jet" printing). In CIJ systems, ink is emitted in a continuous flow under pressure through at least one orifice or nozzle. The flow is disturbed by a pressurizing actuator to break the flow into drops a fixed distance from the orifice. DOD systems, on the other hand, use a pressurizing actuator at each orifice to break up ink into drops. The pressurizing actuator in each system can be a piezoelectric crystal, an acoustic device, a thermal device, etc. The selection of inkjet printing system type varies depending on the type of formulation used and the material to be printed from the print head. For example, low viscosity formulations (eg < cps 2) are sometimes required for CIJ printing systems while higher viscosity formulations > 2 cps) can be used with a DOP printing system.
[000112] In addition to the printing techniques mentioned above, any other suitable application technique can be used in the present invention. For example, other suitable printing techniques may include, but are not limited to, laser printing, thermal tape printing, piston printing, spray printing, flexographic printing, etc. Still other suitable application techniques may include bar, roller, knife, curtain, spray, extrusion die, dip coating, drop coating, extrusion, stenciling, etc. Such techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.
[000113] Regardless of the method of application, the substrate can sometimes be dried at a certain temperature to remove any solvent from the bleach composition. For example, the treated substrate can be heated to a temperature of at least 80°C, in some applications at least about 120°C and in some applications at least about 150°C. Drying temperatures generally required are dependent on the level of solvent (eg water) present in the substrate after treatment and the line speed during the typical continuous production process. In other words, a temperature is applied for a hold time which is necessary to ignite the solvent. By minimizing the amount of solvent in the bleach composition, a greater amount of agent can be available to come into contact with bodily fluids, thus enhancing its ability to discolor hemoglobin or other colored substances contained in menstrual flow fluids.
[000114] It has been found that female absorbent leakage often results from residual occurrences of menstrual flow in the absorbent on or near the top film layer on the wearer-facing surface of an absorbent. Such residual occurrence is either not contained by the absorbent layer as a result of saturation of fluid in the layer or as a result of impeded flow of an occurrence in the absorbent structure. By "impeded" such flow is considered to be slowed or otherwise restricted as a result of the absorbent layer structure or alternatively not absorbed quickly enough as a result of a sudden onset of menstrual flow. Such impeded flow can result in overflow occurring from the absorbent, even when the absorbent layer is not saturated. When an absorbent layer is saturated, the occurrence of menstrual flow can accumulate on the surface of the absorbent which can subsequently run off the side edges of the absorbent onto a garment or bedding, or be transferred through body contact with a garment. or bedding. As leakage and build-up are often the immediate causes of staining in thinner absorbent pads, the described invention addresses such causes by directing fluid flow not only in the absorbent layers, but also in non-absorbent layers at the side edges of an absorbent.
[000115] As described here, body fluid and specifically menstrual flow can be altered in its visual appearance and physical characteristics due to the use of a chemical decolorizing agent (such as PEG and other chemicals described here) and decolorizing materials (such as, for example, MBMF and other materials described herein) which may collectively be called "decolorizing means" 89 (see Figures 3-7) and chemical decolorizing agent and decolorizing materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. Alternatively, they can be used separately from one another at various locations within or on top of the article as described here.
[000116] The net effect of using decolorizing means 89 is to increase the performance of Article 10 and instill in the user a greater degree of confidence and peace of mind that the product is working as designed, and that if an accident such as a leak occurs or a spill occurs, there will be less stress and constraint associated with such a spill or spill. A better understanding of these benefits can be gained by referring to Figures 3 to 7 of the drawings.
[000117] As has been demonstrated in previous applications and drawings, the decolorizing means are usually located in such a way that they extend from the outside of all or a portion of the periphery edge of the absorbent core 20 so as not to impede the fluid control capabilities of the absorbent core. See, for example, Figure 1F, 1G, 1H and 1I of the drawings. In Figures 1F and 1G, the decolorizing means are shown as elements 24 and 40 which are located on and outside the side edges of the absorbent core 20. In this application the decolorizing means overlaps on the upper and lower surfaces of the core. absorbent core 20 as well as on the side edges of the absorbent core 20. In addition, it is desirable that the discoloring means also extend laterally from the outer side of the absorbent core 20. If desired, these discoloring means can completely surround the periphery of the absorbent core. Alternatively, the decolorizing means may be located at longitudinal end portions of the article and not be present at the side portion and on the other hand, may be located at opposite side portions and not be located at the longitudinal ends. Alternatively or in combination with such location of the decolorizing means, the decolorizing means can be used on the top or on the user-facing surface of the top film layer. See for example, Figure 1C, 1D and 1E of the drawings. In Figures 1C, 1D and 1E the decolorizing means is a combination of the MBMF layer (element 17A) and a chemical decolorizing agent (element 17B). Finally, these decolorizing means can be used in any combination of the aforementioned areas of article 10, including the top film layer 14. In these configurations, the decolorizing means travels up to above the user-facing surface of the product to create dams that will restrict and discolor the lateral flow of fluids like menstrual flow.
[000118] Reference is now made to Figure 3 which is a top view of an absorbent feminine hygiene article 10 showing the user-facing surface 14A of the top film layer 14. In this application, the article 10 is also equipped with a pair. of optional side flaps 11 adapted to be wrapped around the genital region of a wearer's underwear (not shown). Top film layer 14 is composed of a first region 86 and a second region 88. Second region 88 may be formed from multiple subregions (88A, 88B, 88C, 88D, and 88E). The first region 86 is generally located centrally, as is the main location where the general article 10 receives bodily fluids such as the product wearer's menstrual flow. While the first region 86 is shown in an elongated oval shape, it can be any shape and will generally have an irregular shape due to the nature of how fluid is deposited onto the user-facing surface 14A of the top film layer 14. The first region 86 can be drawn or defined in any shape, but it is preferable that the first region be devoid of any decolorizing means 89 along the longitudinal axis (L) and the transverse axis (T) and as well as through the entire depth of the article. 10 as defined by the vertical or depth axis (D). Therefore the first region must be designed so as not to encompass a bleaching medium 89.
[000119] The second region 88 can completely surround the first region 86 where in this case, the second region will include subregions 88A, 88B, 88C and 88D. Thus, the second region 88 may completely surround the periphery edge of the absorbent core 20 and preferably resides or is located on the outer side of the peripheral edge of the absorbent core. As with the first region 86, the second region 88 and any or all of its subregions (88A, 88B, 88C, 88D and 88E) can be of any shape, regular or irregular. The second region 88 may only surround a portion of the first region 86. For example, the second region 88 may reside laterally outside the first region 86 where in this case, the second region 88 will include subregions 88A and 88B located on the lateral portions of the article. Alternatively, the second region 88 may reside longitudinally outside the first region 86 at the longitudinal end portions of the article where the second region 88 will include subregions 88C and 88D. Still further, second region 88 may be spaced apart from first region 86, as, for example, when second region 88 is formed from subregions 88E in tabs 11 of article 10. Second region 88 may include decolorizing means 89 or the decolorizing means 89 may be between the first region 86 and the second region 88.
[000120] Looking at Figure 4, there is shown a cross section of an article 10 with additional decolorizing means 89C shown in comparison with Figure 3. In this application, the article includes an upper film layer 14, a back film layer 12 and an absorbent core 20 with a peripheral edge disposed between the top film layer 14 and the back film layer 12. The article 10 is also equipped with a pair of flaps 11 adapted to enclose the genital region of a wearer's underwear. not shown). The article 10 is equipped with one or more decolorizing means 89 which may be located within the article 10, such as in association with the absorbent core 20 as shown by element 89A or within or as part of the top film layer 14 as shown. by element 89B or on the user-facing surface 14A of the top film layer 14 as shown by element (89C). When the decolorizing means 89 is used in proximity to the periphery of the absorbent core, not only is it desirable for the decolorizing means to extend beyond the periphery of the absorbent core 20, but in certain applications it is desirable that the decolorizing means 89A extend over a portion. of the absorbent core 20. In this way, the size of the spot in the first region 86 will appear smaller than the size of the underlying existing spot. When the decolorizing means 89 is used in conjunction with the top film layer 14 as shown by the decolorizing means 89B, the decolorizing means 89B may be a separate material or it may be a chemical agent such as the aforementioned PEG which has been applied to a surface of or impregnated into the top film layer 14. Again, these locations are illustrative only and other drawings and combinations are also within the scope of the present invention as illustrated by the foregoing drawings and their associated descriptions - see Figures 1 et al. and 2 et al. Furthermore, while the various decolorizing means 89 are shown in Figures 4 and 5, only a single one may be needed.
[000121] In Figures 4 and 5, the decolorizing means 89A is a blown blown microfiber (MBMF) coating 24 that overlays the top and bottom surfaces and the side edges of the absorbent core 20 and the MBMF extends laterally on the outside of the absorbent core 20. If desired, the MBMF can be treated with or contain PEG 40 or one of the other chemical bleaching agents described herein. The decolorizing means 89A may extend partially or entirely along the side edges of the absorbent core 20 at the side portions of the article. They may be located only in the longitudinal end portions of the general article 10 and/or the absorbent core 20 or they may extend completely around the entire periphery of the absorbent core 20. The decolorizing means 89B may be located in or over a portion of the absorbent core 20. top film 14 in the form of an additional layer 24 or a chemical version 40 impregnated into a portion of the top film layer 14. Finally, the decolorizing means 89C may be a dam-like structure associated with or integral to the user-facing surface 14A of the top film layer 14 as previously described herein.
[000122] Looking at Figure 5 the same cross-section as in Figure 4 is shown, but this time with a series of arrows 112 and 114 that serve to schematically illustrate the deposition of body fluid (in this case menstrual fluid) down over and toward the interior of article 10. A first portion 112A and 114A respectively of the arrows 112 and 114 are shown with hatches (xxx), while a second portion 112B and 114B respectively of the arrows 112 and 114 are shown with individual slash marks (/// ). The first portion 112A and 114A is intended to represent menstrual fluid that has not been processed and passed through one of the decolorizing means 89 while the second portion 112B and 114B of the respective arrows 112 and 114 should represent the same menstrual fluid after it has been processed and passed through. of one or more of the decolorizing means 89.
[000123] Menstrual flow or menstrual fluid is mainly composed of blood cells, endometrial tissue, vaginal epithelial cells and cervicovaginal secretions. Its composition varies from individual to individual and also varies depending on the point in the menstrual flow cycle during which the fluid is sampled. In this regard, the hemoglobin of red blood cells is the easiest to control and measure. As described above, the various forms of decolorizing means disclosed here have the ability to filter out some or all of the portions of the menstrual flow that give it its deep red color. As a result, once the menstrual flow has passed through the decolorizing means 89, the remaining fluid emanating from the other side of the decolorizing means 89 (as shown by the second portion 112B and 114B of the arrows 112 and 114) is visually lighter in color as it has a lower content of one or more of the components including the red blood cells compared to the portion of the menstrual stream on the other side of the decolorizing means 89 as represented by the first portion 112A and 114A of the arrows 112 and 114. The arrow 112 is shown flowing down through the topfilm layer 14 into the absorbent core 20, out of one of the peripheral edges of the absorbent core 20 and then back and out of the topfilm layer 14 to demonstrate possible product leakage. . Although not shown, this may also flow out of the bottom of the absorbent core 20 and if leakage occurs it may again flow out of the top film layer 14 or out of the lateral or longitudinal edges 124 of the article 10 where the film layer The top 14 and the back film layer 12 are joined together.
[000124] Following the menstrual flow path represented by arrow 112, menstrual flow first enters the article 10 through the wearer-facing surface 14A of the top film layer 14. The occurrence of menstrual flow occurs in the first region 86 as shown in Figure 3, which is devoid of decolorizing means 89. The menstrual flow then moves downwardly into the absorbent core 20 (optionally through one or more intermediate delay or transfer layers - not shown). As the menstrual flow continues to fill the absorbent core 20, it may come into contact with the decolorizing means 89C where darker components such as the red blood cells of the menstrual flow will be physically trapped and retained or chemically altered in color. Consequently, the remaining portion of the menstrual fluid passing through the decolorizing means 89C will have a lighter color as seen visually by the human eye. In addition, portions of the menstrual fluid-containing components can be physically extracted from the article 10 and analyzed for amounts of red blood cells and it can be seen that the portion of the fluid on the outside of the decolorizing means 89C (as represented by the second portion 112B of the arrow 112) will have a lower concentration of red blood cells than on the inner side (as represented by the first portion 112A of arrow 112). The lighter colored menstrual flow is intended to be represented and identified as the second region 88 relative to Figure 3.
[000125] By continuing to follow the path of arrow 112 it can be seen that if the capability of the article 10 is sufficiently tested, the lighter colored menstrual fluid may actually flow towards the top film layer 14 (this is commonly called "rewetting") and exiting the top film layer 14, passing through optional bleaching means 89B which can provide further discoloration of the menstrual fluid prior to exiting the product. By subjecting this menstrual fluid to this discoloration process, the chance of the fluid coming out causing significant stains on the wearer's clothing is greatly reduced. This in turn means that the user of the product can feel more confident when using such a product equipped with the aforementioned decolorizing means 89.
[000126] Although it is desired that most of the menstrual flow reaching the article 10 to flow down into the absorbent core 20 through the top film layer 14, it is not uncommon for there to be "jets" of fluid that are not possible to be quickly absorbed by the article 10. Due to the smaller size as well as the narrow and thin construction of current feminine hygiene products and the fact that menstrual flow is usually deposited in the narrowest portion of the article, the genital portion, a part of menstrual fluid may begin to run laterally or longitudinally out of the sides of the product. Typically this path is outward from the sides of the product and this flow path is represented by arrow 114. Again, because of the positioning of the decolorizing means 89A, as the menstrual flow passes through the wearer-facing side 14A of the layer of the top film 14 this will contact the decolorizing means 89A which will serve to trap or discolor the red blood cell component of the menstrual flow thereby rendering fluid emanating from the outside of the decolorizing means 89A (represented by the second portion 114B of the arrow 114 ) lighter in color with a lower concentration of red blood cells and therefore this fluid will be less likely to stain the wearer's clothing. Furthermore, if the top film layer 14 is equipped with additional discoloring means 89B, further discoloration of the menstrual flow may occur before this flow leaves the product. The visual effect of this discoloration process is shown schematically in Figure 6.
[000127] Considering the period of time that such feminine hygiene products are used, it is not uncommon for the user to periodically check the product to determine if it is time to change the product. As the wearer lowers the underwear to which the product is attached, the wearer-facing surface 14A is visually inspected. Due to the porous nature of the top film layer 14, it is often possible for the wearer to be able to see not only the menstrual flow that is residing in and/or on top of, and staining the top film layer 14, but sometimes it is also possible to see a portion of the menstrual flow that is contained in one or more of the lower layers below the topfilm layer 14. The area of initial occurrence of the deposited menstrual flow will normally appear as the spot on the topfilm layer 14 represented by the first region 86. See Figure 6. If menstrual fluid has flowed through the entire top film layer 14 as represented by arrow 114 in Figure 5 and has been processed by one of the decolorizing means 89, it will be represented by the second region 88 in Figure 6. The same may be true if the fluid went along the path of arrow 112. Furthermore, even if the fluid that was processed by the decolorizing means 89 did not produce a rewetting of the layer. that of the top film 14, it may still be possible to see this lighter colored fluid which contains fewer red blood cells than the fluid in the first region 86 through the layer of the top film 14 of the second region 88. In both cases, the fact that that the fluid contained in the second region 88 is lighter in color may act to assure the user that the product is functioning properly. This is especially true as the lateral flow is not an indication that the full capacity of the feminine care product has been used as it is often the case that there is much more reserve capacity due to the full vertical depth and longitudinal length of the absorbent core that have not been fully used.
[000128] Another advantage of feminine hygiene products disclosed here is the way in which the vertical filling of the article will appear as a result of the use of decolorizing means 89. Looking at Figure 7, another cross-section of an article 10 is shown, according to with the present invention. In the present application, the peripheral edge (in this case the lateral edges 41 of the absorbent core 20) is equipped with a bleaching means 89 which is the same as that described in relation to Figure 1G of the drawings. In this application, a feminine hygiene absorbent personal care article 10 comprises a topfilm layer 14, a backfilm layer 12, at least one absorbent core layer 20 positioned between the topfilm layer 14 and the film layer back 12 and a decolorizer means 89 associated with the article 10 (in this case, the decolorizer means 89 extends to the outside of the peripheral edge, specifically the side edge, of the absorbent core 20). The bleaching medium 89 includes a wrapping layer 24 of MBMF surrounding the edges 41 of the absorbent core 20 and further encapsulating an amount of PEG 40 between the edges 41 of the core and the wrapping layer 24. As with other applications, Top film layer 14 has a body side or wearer-facing surface 14A with a first region 86 for receiving said body fluid. The body fluid in the first region creates a first spot region in the top film layer 14 designated by the "X's" on support 120 with a lateral dimension and a longitudinal dimension defining a first size. Because the overwrap layer 24 and PEG 40 encapsulate the edges of the absorbent core 20 the above area (second region 88) in this portion of the absorbent core will not show any staining or the coloration will be lighter in color. As a result, the article 10 will have a second blob region designated by the "X's" on the holder 122 located below the first blob region 120 with respect to the depth axis D. The second blob region 122 will have a lateral dimension and a longitudinal dimension. which defines a second size and the second size will be larger than the first size. This is due, at least in part, to the bleaching means 89A and specifically the wrapping layer 24 overlaying a portion of the upper surface of the absorbent core 20 in the vicinity of the peripheral edge of the absorbent core 20. Thus, when the user views the product in the top location, the spot in the first spot region will actually appear smaller than the second spot region.
[000129] Menstrual flow or menstrual fluid is mainly composed of blood cells, endometrial tissue, vaginal epithelial cells and cervicovaginal secretions. Its composition varies from individual to individual and also varies depending on the point in the menstrual flow cycle during which the fluid is sampled. The main function of the bleaching medium described here is to filter or retain some of the heavier components of the menstrual fluid including red blood cells as this is a major contributor to the visual staining of the product and the product user's clothing. Desirably, the red blood cells are confined within certain regions of the product which reduce staining and therefore send more positive signals to the user about the efficiency and protection provided by the product. In this regard, the hemoglobin of red blood cells is the easiest to control and measure.
[000130] As mentioned above, if the product is working properly, the red staining will be confined in a first region 86 of the product and in the outer side regions (second regions 88) with a lighter color or appearance when viewed with the naked eye. Typically, this difference in color can be seen by the human eye when the product is held within 6 to 24 inches of the eye (15 to 61 centimeters). In addition to visual inspection for this product attribute, a test can also be performed to quantify this change in visual appearance and the change in physical characteristics of the body fluid (menstrual flow) in the second region 88 compared to the first region 86. See, for example, US Patent No. 2003/0114818 to Benecke et al. which is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety. In this reference a test for measuring the change in visual perception of menstrual flow contained in an absorbent article is disclosed. This change is referred to in this reference as "delta E" and a method for determining this delta E is provided below. As a result, a delta E can be measured for the first region 86 and a separate delta E can be measured for the second region 88. For purposes of the present invention, the delta between the delta E for the first region 86 and the delta E for the second region must be greater than or equal to twenty (20), alternatively greater than or equal to forty (40), alternatively greater than or equal to sixty (60), alternatively greater than or equal to eighty (80). That is, for example, the delta E for the first region 86 must be at least twenty points higher than the delta E for the second region 88 where some or all of the red blood cells in the menstrual fluid have been removed by means of the bleaching medium 89. For the purposes of this test, if a bench scale test is done versus an actual product used, the menstrual fluid simulator referred to herein (US Patent No. 5,883,231 and publication by D, Guralski, Candee Krautkramer, Brian Lin, Jack Lindon, Teuta Elshani, Aneshia Ridenhour, entitled "A Biological Menses Simulant Using a “Batch” Homogenization Process" and published as document IPCOM000198395D on the ip.com website, on August 6, 2010) should be used in place of the canine blood formulation described in US Patent No. 2003/0114818. It should also be noted that if any masking layers are being used in an area for testing, such masking layers must be removed prior to testing.
[000131] In addition to there being a visual difference in the color of the spotting in one region compared to another, the bleaching medium as described above can also alter the physical characteristics of the menstrual flow in the second region 88 compared to the first region 86. As mentioned above, this is due, at least in part, to the removal of some or all of the red blood cells from the menstrual flow in the second region 88. The fact that this has occurred can be measured by measuring the hemoglobin level in the fluid in the first region 86 and comparing it to the second region 88. The second region 88 should have less hemoglobin and thus fewer red blood cells compared to the first region 86. In addition, it is likely that the bleaching medium 89 will have a higher level of hemoglobin and therefore red blood cells than the second region 88 and probably a higher level than the first region 86. The amount of hemoglobin in stained material samples in the first region 86, at s The second region 88 and the decolorizing medium 89 can be determined by any number of test methods known to those performing blood testing and analysis. See for example U.S. Patent No. 4,773,423 to Hakki which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety by reference to such test methods.
[000132] While the invention is described in detail with respect to the specific applications thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon obtaining an understanding of the above, can easily devise changes and variations of equivalents for these applications. For example, although menstrual flow has been the primary bodily fluid used for the examples, the present invention can also be used for other bodily fluids including blood, feces and urine. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is to be assessed as that of the appended claims and any equivalent thereto.

权利要求:
Claims (16)
[0001]
1. An absorbent personal care article (10) for receiving a body fluid characterized in that it comprises a top film layer (14), a back film layer (12) and at least one absorbent core layer (20) having a peripheral edge positioned between said top film layer (14) and said back film layer (12), said article defining a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical axis, said top film layer (14 ) having a user-facing surface (14A) having a first region (86) for receiving body fluid comprising menstrual fluid including red blood cells, said user-facing surface (14A) having a second region (88) capable of receiving said body fluid from said first region (86) and a bleaching material capable of filtering said red blood cells in said body fluid, said bleaching material changing the appearance vi fluid of said body fluid in said second region (88) compared to said first region (86) by decreasing the content of said red blood cells in said second region (88) compared to said first region (86), as per said body fluid travels from said first region (86) to said second region (88) through said bleaching material, wherein said bleaching material comprises an enveloping layer (24) surrounding at least portion of said peripheral edge of said central absorbent layer and extends through at least a portion of a user-facing surface of said central absorbent layer.
[0002]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 characterized in that said bleach material comprises a blown and melted microfiber material.
[0003]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 2 characterized in that the body fluid in said first region (86) is a darker color than said second region (88) due to said first region ( 86) have a higher content of red blood cells than said second region (88).
[0004]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 characterized in that said second region (88) completely surrounds said first region (86).
[0005]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 characterized in that said second region (88) is positioned laterally outside of said first region (86).
[0006]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 characterized in that said article has opposite longitudinal end portions and said second region (88) is located at opposite longitudinal end portions of said article.
[0007]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 characterized in that said article has opposite side portions and said second region (88) is located on said opposite side portions of said article.
[0008]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 1 further including tabs (11) associated with said article adapted to enclose the genital region of a wearer's underwear, said second region (88) extending into said flaps (11).
[0009]
9. An absorbent personal care article (10) for receiving a body fluid characterized in that it comprises a top film layer (14), a back film layer (12), and at least one absorbent core layer (20 ) with a peripheral edge positioned between said top film layer (14) and said back film layer (12), said article defining a longitudinal axis, a transverse axis and a vertical axis, said top film layer ( 14) with a user-facing surface (14A), with a first region (86) for receiving said body fluid comprising menstrual flow including red blood cells, said user-facing surface (14A) with a second region (88) capable of receiving said body fluid from said first region (86) and a bleaching material capable of filtering said red blood cells in the body fluid, said bleaching material changing the visual appearance 1 of said body fluid in said second region (88) compared to said first region (86) by decreasing the content of said red blood cells in said second region (88) compared to said first region (86), as per said body fluid travels from said first region (86) to said second region (88) through said bleaching material, wherein said bleaching material is associated with said upper film layer (14) and forms a dam-like structure. extending above said user-facing surface (14A) of said top film layer.
[0010]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that said bleaching material comprises a blown and melted microfiber material.
[0011]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 10 characterized in that said bleaching material has a higher concentration of said red blood cells than said first region (86) or said second region (88) .
[0012]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that said second region (88) completely surrounds said first region (86).
[0013]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that said second region (88) is located laterally outside of said first region (86)
[0014]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that said article has opposite longitudinal end portions and the second region (88) is located at the opposite longitudinal end portions of said article.
[0015]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that said article has opposite side portions and said second region (88) is located on opposite side portions of said article.
[0016]
The absorbent personal care article (10) of Claim 9 characterized in that it further includes tabs (11) associated with said article adapted to enclose the genital region of a wearer's underwear, said second region (88) extending into said flaps (11).

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DE112013001837T5|2014-12-11|

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法律状态:
2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2020-04-07| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-07-20| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-09-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/03/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201261618172P| true| 2012-03-30|2012-03-30|

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US61/618,172|2012-03-30|

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US201261695481P| true| 2012-08-31|2012-08-31|

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