glassware with low friction coating

专利摘要:
GLASS ITEMS WITH LOW FRICTION COATING. Low friction coatings and glassware with low friction coatings are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating can include a chemical composition of the polymer. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260 (degrees Celsius) for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm. The low friction coating can have a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150 (degrees celsius) to 350 (degrees celsius) at a ramp speed of about 10 (degrees celsius) /minute.
公开号:BR112014021321B1
申请号:R112014021321-6
申请日:2013-02-28
公开日:2021-05-25
发明作者:Andrei Gennadyevich Fadeev；Theresa Chang；Dana Craig Bookbinder；Santona Pal；Chandan Kumar Saha；Steven Edward Demartino；Christopher Lee Timmons；John Stephen Peanasky
申请人:Corning Incorporated；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

PRIORITY
[0001] This application claims priority from US Patent Application No. 61/604220 filed February 28, 2012 and entitled "Glass Container with a Surface Treatment that Increases Glass Reliability and Methods for Making Glass", and US patent application no. 61/665682 filed June 28, 2012 and titled "Delamination Resistant Glass Containers with Heat Resistant Coatings". JUSTIFICATION Field of Technique
[0002] The present specification refers generally to coatings and more specifically to the low friction coatings applied to glass containers, such as pharmaceutical packaging. State of the Art
[0003] Historically, glass has been used as the preferred material for pharmaceutical packaging, due to its airtightness, optical clarity, and excellent chemical durability over other materials. Specifically, the glass used in pharmaceutical packaging must have adequate chemical durability so as not to affect the stability of the pharmaceutical compositions contained therein. Glasses with adequate chemical durability include glass compositions within the ASTM 'Type IB' standard, which have a proven track record of chemical durability.
[0004] However, the use of glass for such applications is limited by the mechanical performance of the glass. In the pharmaceutical industry, glass breakage is a safety concern for the end user, as the broken package and/or package contents can injure the end user. In addition, non-catastrophic breakage (ie, when glass cracks but does not break) can cause the contents to lose their sterility, which, in turn, can result in costly recall products.
[0005] Specifically, the higher processing speeds used in the manufacture and filling of glass pharmaceutical packages can result in mechanical damage to the surface of the package, such as abrasion, as the packages come into contact with processing equipment, handling, and/or other packages. This mechanical damage significantly decreases the strength of the pharmaceutical glass package, resulting in an increased likelihood of cracks that will develop in the glass, potentially compromising the sterility of the pharmaceutical contained in the package or causing total package failure.
[0006] One method to improve the mechanical durability of the glass package is to thermally and/or chemically temper the glass package. Thermal tempering strengthens glass by inducing surface compression stress during rapid cooling after formation. This technique works well for glass articles with flat geometry (such as windows), glass articles with a thickness greater than about 2 mm, and glass compositions with high thermal expansion. However, pharmaceutical glass packages usually have complex geometries (vial, tubular, ampoules, etc), thin walls (sometimes between about 1-1.5 mm), and are produced from small-swelling glasses, making packages unsuitable glass pharmaceuticals for thermal temper strengthening. Chemical tempering also strengthens glass by introducing surface compression stress. Stress is introduced by submerging the article in the molten salt bath. As glass ions are replaced by larger molten salt ions, a compressive stress is induced on the glass surface. The advantage of chemical annealing is that it can be used on samples of complex, fine geometries, and is relatively insensitive to the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass substrate.
[0007] However, while the aforementioned techniques for tempering improve the ability of reinforced glass to resist blunt impacts, these techniques are less effective in improving the glass's resistance to abrasion, such as scratches, which can occur during manufacturing, transport and handling.
[0008] Consequently, there is a need for alternative glass articles that have improved resistance to mechanical damage. ABSTRACT
[0009] According to one embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the coating of low friction comprising a polymer chemical composition. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm. The low friction coating can have a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[0010] In another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a body of glass comprising an outer surface and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the outer surface, the low friction coating comprises a chemical composition of the polymer. A coefficient of friction of an abrasive surface of the outer surface portion of the low friction coating may be less than 0.7 after exposure to an elevated temperature of 280 °C for 30 minutes and abrasion under a load of 30 N and without observable damage. The retained strength of the coated glass article in horizontal compression may not decrease by more than about 20% after exposure to an elevated temperature of 280°C for 30 minutes under a 30N abrasive load.
[0011] In yet another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body having a first surface. A low friction coating can be positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating can include a chemical composition of polymers and a coupling agent comprising at least one of: a first chemical composition of silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aromatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition. The first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition can be different chemical compositions. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm. The low friction coating can have a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[0012] In another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating can include a coupling agent comprising an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions. The oligomer can have a chemical composition of silsesquioxane and at least one of the chemical compositions of silane comprises at least one aromatic moiety and at least one amine group. The low friction coating can also include a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer chemical composition, a second diamine monomer chemical composition, and a dianhydride monomer chemical composition. The first chemical composition of diamine monomer may be different than the second chemical composition of diamine monomer.
[0013] In another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface. The low friction coating can include a chemical composition of the polymer. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 300°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0014] In another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface can be an outer surface of a glass container. A low friction coating can be bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating can include a chemical composition of the polymer. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 280°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0015] In another embodiment a coated glass article may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a low friction coating bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating may include a layer of coupling agent positioned on the first surface of the glass body. The coupling agent layer may include a coupling agent comprising at least one of: a first chemical composition of silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aromatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition. The polymer layer can be placed over the coupling agent layer. The polymer layer can include a chemical polyimide composition. The first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition can be different chemical compositions. The coated glass article can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 280°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coated glass article can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[0016] In another embodiment, a coated glass article may include a glass body having a first surface and a low friction coating bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. The low friction coating can include a coupling agent layer that comprises a coupling agent that comprises an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions. The oligomer can have a chemical composition of silsesquioxane and at least one of the chemical compositions of silane comprises at least one aromatic moiety and at least one amine group. The low friction coating may further comprise a polymer layer comprising a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer chemical composition, a second diamine monomer chemical composition, and a chemical composition of dianhydride monomer. The first chemical composition of diamine monomer may be different than the second chemical composition of diamine monomer. The low friction coating may also include an interface layer comprising one or more chemical compositions of the coupling polymer layer with one or more of the chemical compositions of the coupling agent layer.
[0017] In another embodiment, a low friction coating for a substrate may include a chemical composition of polyamide and a coupling agent. The coupling agent can include at least one of: a mixture of a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, and a second silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof. , wherein the first silane chemical composition can be an aromatic silane chemical composition product and the second silane chemical composition can be an aliphatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition. The coating can be thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260°C for 30 minutes. Light transmission through the coating can be greater than or equal to about 55%. The low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[0018] Additional features and advantages of glass articles and coating methods and processes for manufacturing the same, will be set forth in the detailed description that follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this description or acknowledged by practicing the embodiments described herein, including the following detailed description of the claims, as well as in the accompanying drawings.
[0019] It is to be understood that both the above general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the claimed object. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a better understanding of the different embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the different embodiments described here, and together with the description they serve to explain the principles and functioning of the claimed subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-section of a glass container with a low-friction coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0021] FIG. 2 schematically depicts a cross-section of a glass container with a low-friction coating comprising a polymer layer and a coupling agent layer, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0022] FIG. 3 schematically depicts a cross-section of a glass container with a low-friction coating comprising a polymer layer, a coupling agent layer, and an interface layer, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein. ,
[0023] FIG. 4 shows an example of a chemical composition of diamine monomers, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0024] FIG. 5 shows an example of a chemical composition of diamine monomers, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0025] FIG. 6 shows the chemical structures of monomers that can be used as polyimide coatings applied to glass containers, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0026] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method for forming a glass container with a low friction coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0027] FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the steps of the flow diagram of FIG. 7 in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0028] FIG. 9 schematically depicts a test template for determining the coefficient of friction between two surfaces, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0029] FIG. 10 schematically illustrates an apparatus for testing the loss of mass of a glass container, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0030] FIG. 11 graphically depicts light transmission data for coated and uncoated glasses measured in the visible light spectrum 400-700 nm, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0031] FIG. 12 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of load applied in a horizontal compression test for glasses, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0032] FIG. 13 contains a Table of information on the charge and coefficient of friction measured for Schott Type IB glass vials and vials formed from a reference glass composition that have been ion exchanged and coated, according to one or more forms. of embodiments shown and described herein;
[0033] FIG. 14 graphically represents the failure probability as a function of the applied four-point bending stress for tubes formed from a reference glass composition under conditions it received, under ion exchange conditions (uncoated), under ion exchange conditions (coated and worn), in ion exchange condition (uncoated and abrasion) and for tubes formed from Schott Type IB glass in as-received condition and in ion exchange condition, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described here;
[0034] FIG. 15 depicts chromatography gas mass spectrometer output data for an APS/n vastrat® 800 coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0035] FIG. 16 depicts gas mass spectrometer chromatography output data for a coating DC806A, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0036] FIG. 17 contains an Information table of different low friction coating compositions, which were tested under freeze drying conditions, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0037] FIG. 18 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for glass vials and bare vials having a silicone resin coating tested on a vial-to-vial template, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0038] FIG. 19 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for vials coated with an APS/Kapton polyimide coating and sanded several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein ;
[0039] FIG. 20 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for vials coated with an APS coating and sanded several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0040] FIG. 21 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for vials coated with an APS/Kapton polyimide coating and sanded several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, after the vials have been exposed to 300°C for 12 hours, in accordance with the one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0041] FIG. 22 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for vials coated with an APS coating and sanded several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, after the vials have been exposed to 300 °C for 12 hours, according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0042] FIG. 23 contains a graph reporting the coefficient of friction for Schott Type IB vials coated with a Kapton polyimide coating and scraped several times under different loads applied to the vial-to-vial holder, in accordance with one or more of the embodiments shown and here described;
[0043] FIG. 24 shows the coefficient of friction for coated vials of the APS/Sem vastrat® 800 type before and after lyophilization, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0044] FIG. 25 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of load applied in a horizontal compression test for vials, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0045] FIG. 26 shows the coefficient of friction for coated vials of the APS/Sin vastrat® 800 type before and after autoclave sterilization, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein; and
[0046] FIG. 27 graphically represents the coefficient of friction for coated glass containers exposed to different temperature conditions and for an uncoated glass container;
[0047] FIG. 28 contains a table illustrating the change in coefficient of friction with variations in the coupling agent composition of a low friction coating applied to a glass container as described herein;
[0048] FIG. 29 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, the force and frictional force applied to the coated glass containers before and after depyrogenization;
[0049] FIG. 30 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force applied to coated glass containers for different depyrogenation conditions;
[0050] FIG. 31 shows a schematic diagram of the reaction steps of a silane coupling to a substrate, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0051] FIG. 32 shows a schematic diagram of the reaction steps of a polyimide coupling to a silane, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0052] FIG. 33 graphs the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) as a function of applied zero length (x-ordinate) for the vials as coated from a comparative example;
[0053] FIG. 34 graphs the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) as a function of applied zero length (x-ordinate) for the heat-treated vials of a comparative example;
[0054] FIG. 35 graphs the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) as a function of applied zero length (x-ordinate) for the vials as coated from a comparative example;
[0055] FIG. 36 graphs the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) as a function of applied zero length (x-ordinate) for the heat-treated vials of a comparative example;
[0056] FIG. 37 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after applied depyrogenization, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0057] FIG. 38 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of load applied in a horizontal compression test for vials, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0058] FIG. 39 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after applied depyrogenation, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0059] FIG. 40 graphically represents the coefficient of friction after various heat treatment times, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0060] FIG. 41 graphically represents the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force for coated glass containers before and after applied depyrogenation, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0061] FIG. 42 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of load applied in a horizontal compression test for vials, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0062] FIG. 43 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0063] FIG. 44 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein;
[0064] FIG. 45 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a coating, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein; and
[0065] FIG. 46 graphically depicts light transmission data for coated and uncoated vials measured in the visible light spectrum 400-700 nm, in accordance with one or more embodiments shown and described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of low friction coatings, low friction coating glassware, and methods for producing the same, examples of which are illustrated schematically in the figures. Such coated glass articles can be glass containers suitable for use in various packaging applications, including, without limitation, as pharmaceutical packaging. These pharmaceutical packages may or may not contain a pharmaceutical composition. Various embodiments of low friction coatings, low friction coating glassware and methods of forming the same will be described in more detail with specific reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the low friction coatings described herein are applied to the outer surface of a glass container, it should be understood that the low friction coatings described can be used as a coating over a wide variety of materials, including non-glass materials. and where not reservoirs, including substrates, without limitation, glass panels and so on.
[0067] Generally speaking, a low-friction coating can be applied to a surface of a glass article, such as a container that can be used as a pharmaceutical package. The low friction coating can provide advantageous properties for the coated glass article, such as a reduced coefficient of friction and greater resistance to damage. The reduced coefficient of friction can provide better strength and durability to the glassware to allow for the minimization of frictional damage to the glass. In addition, the low-friction coating can maintain the aforementioned improved strength and durability characteristics following exposure to elevated temperatures and other conditions, such as those experienced during the packaging and pre-packaging steps of pharmaceuticals used in packaging. , such as, for example, depyrogenization, autoclaving and the like. Therefore, the low-friction and glassware coatings with the low-friction coating are thermally stable.
[0068] The low friction coating in general may comprise a coupling agent, such as a silane, and a chemical composition of the polymer, such as a polyimide. In some embodiments, the coupling agent can be disposed on a coupling agent layer positioned on the surface of the glass article and the chemical composition of the polymer can be placed on a polymer layer positioned on the coupling agent layer. In other embodiments, the coupling agent and the chemical composition of the polymer can be mixed in a single layer.
[0069] FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-section of a coated glass article, specifically a coated glass container 100. The coated glass container 100 comprises a glass body 102 and a low friction liner 120. The glass body 102 has a wall of a glass container 104 that extends between an outer surface 108 (i.e., a first surface) and an inner surface 110 (i.e., a second surface). The interior surface 110 of the glass container wall 104 defines an interior volume 106 of the coated glass container 100. A low friction liner 120 is positioned on at least a portion of the exterior surface 108 of the glass body 102. In some embodiments, the low friction coating 120 may be positioned over substantially the entirety of the outer surface 108 of the glass body 102. The low friction coating 120 has an outer surface 122 and a contacting surface with the glass body 124 at the body glass interface. glass 102 and the low friction of the low friction coating 120. The coating 120 can be bonded to the body of glass 102 on the outer surface 108.
[0070] In one embodiment, the coated glass container 100 is a pharmaceutical package. For example, the glass body 102 may be in the form of a vial, ampoule, ampoule, vial, bottle, vial, container, bottle container, tub, syringe body, or the like. The coated glass container 100 can be used to contain any composition, and in one embodiment, can be used to contain a pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition can include any chemical substance for use in medical diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention of disease. Examples of pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, drugs, drugs, drugs, medicines, and the like. The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a liquid, solid, gel, suspension, powder, or the like.
[0071] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the low friction liner 120 comprises a bilayer structure. Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a coated glass container 100, wherein the low friction coating comprises a polymer layer 170 and a coupling agent layer 180. The chemical composition of the polymer can be contained in the polymer layer 170 and a coupling agent may be contained in a layer of coupling agent 180. The layer of coupling agent 180 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 108 of the wall of the glass container 104. The polymer layer 170 may be in contact direct with coupling agent layer 180 and can form outer surface 122 of low friction coating 120. In some embodiments coupling agent layer 180 is bonded to glass wall 104, and polymer layer 170 is bonded to coupling agent layer 180 at an interface 174. However, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, the low friction coating 120 may not include an agent. of coupling, and the chemical composition of the polymer can be placed in a layer of polymer 170 in direct contact with the outer surface 108 of the wall of the glass container 104. In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent can be substantially mixed in a single layer. In some other embodiments, the polymer layer can be placed over the coupling agent layer, which means that the polymer layer 170 is an outer layer relative to the coupling agent layer 180, and the glass wall 104. As used herein, a first layer positioned "over" a second layer means that the first layer may be in direct contact with the second layer or separate from the second layer, such as with a third layer disposed between the first and second layer. layer.
[0072] Referring now to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the low friction coating 120 may further include an interface layer 190 positioned between the coupling agent layer 180 and the polymer layer 170. The interface layer 190 may comprise one or more chemical compositions of the polymer layer 170 bonded with one or more of the chemical compositions of coupling agent layer 180. In this embodiment, the interface of coupling agent layer and polymer layer forms an interface layer 190, where coupling between the chemical composition of polymer and coupling agent. However, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, there may be no appreciable layer at the interface of the coupling agent and layer 180 polymer layer 170 wherein the polymer and coupling agent are chemically bonded together, as described above. with reference to FIG. two.
[0073] The low friction coating 120 applied to the glass body 102 may have a thickness of less than about 100 µm or even less than or equal to about 1 µm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the low friction coating 120 can be less than or equal to about 100 nm thick. In other embodiments, the low friction coating 120 can be less than about 90 nm thick, less than about 80 nm thick, less than about 70 nm thick, less than about 60 nm thick, less than about 50 nm, or even less than about 25 nm thick. In some embodiments, the low-friction coating 120 may not have a uniform thickness across the entirety of the glass body 102. For example, the coated glass container 100 may have a low-friction thicker coating 120, in some areas, due to the process of contacting the body of glass 102 with one or more coating solutions that form the low friction coating 120. In some embodiments, the low friction coating 120 may have a non-uniform thickness. For example, the coating thickness can be varied over different regions of a 100 coated glass container, which can provide protection in a selected region.
[0074] In embodiments that include at least two layers, such as polymer layer 170, interface layer 190, and/or coupling agent layer 180, each layer may have a thickness of less than about of 100 µm, or even less than or equal to about 1 µm. In some embodiments, the thickness of each layer can be less than or equal to about 100 nm. In other embodiments, each layer can be less than about 90 nm thick, less than about 80 nm thick, less than about 70 nm thick, less than about 60 nm thick, the less than about 50 nm, or even less than about 25 nm thick.
[0075] As indicated herein, in some embodiments, the low friction coating 120 comprises a coupling agent. The coupling agent can improve the adhesion or bonding of the polymer chemical composition to the glass body 102, and is generally disposed between the glass body 102, and the chemical composition of the polymer or mixed with the chemical composition of the polymer. Adhesion, as used herein, refers to the adhesion or sticking strength of the low friction coating before and after a treatment applied to the coated glass container, such as a heat treatment. Heat treatments include, without limitation, autoclaving, depyrogenation, lyophilization, or the like.
[0076] In one embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise at least one chemical composition of silane. As used herein, a "silane" chemical composition is any chemical composition that comprises a silane moiety, including functional organosilanes, as well as silanes formed from silanes in aqueous solutions. The chemical silane compositions of the coupling agent can be aromatic or aliphatic. In some embodiments, the chemical composition of at least one silane can comprise an amine group, such as a primary amine group or a secondary amine group. Furthermore, the coupling agent may comprise hydrolysates and/or oligomers of such silanes, such as one or more silsesquioxane chemical compositions, which are formed from one or more silane chemical compositions. The chemical compositions of silsesquioxane can comprise a full cage structure, a partial cage structure, or any cage structure.
[0077] The coupling agent may comprise any number of different chemical compositions, such as one chemical composition, two different chemical compositions, or more than two different chemical compositions, including oligomers formed from more than one monomeric chemical composition . In one embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise at least one of (1) a first chemical composition of silane, hydrolyzate thereof, or oligomer, and (2) a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least , the first chemical composition of silane and a second chemical composition of silane. In another embodiment, the coupling agent comprises a first and second silane. As used herein, a "first" silane chemical composition and a "second" silane chemical composition are silanes with different chemical compositions. The first chemical silane composition can be an aromatic group or an aliphatic chemical composition, can optionally comprise an amine group, and can optionally be an alkoxysilane. Likewise, the second chemical silane composition can be an aromatic or aliphatic group, a chemical composition can optionally comprise an amine group, and can optionally be an alkoxysilane.
[0078] For example, in one embodiment, only the chemical composition of a silane is applied as a coupling agent. In such an embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise a chemical composition of silane, hydrolyzate, or oligomer thereof.
[0079] In another embodiment, various chemical silane compositions can be applied as coupling agent. In such an embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise at least one of (1) a mixture of a first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, and (2) a chemical composition formed from the oligomerization. of at least a first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0080] Referring to the embodiments described above, the first silane chemical composition, second silane chemical composition, or both, may be aromatic chemical compositions. As used herein, an aromatic chemical composition contains one or more six-carbon rings characteristic of the benzene series and related organic groups. The aromatic silane chemical composition can be an alkoxysilane such as, but not limited to, a dialkoxysilane chemical composition, its hydrolyzate, or its oligomer, or a trialkoxysilane chemical composition, its hydrolyzate, or its oligomer. In some embodiments, the aromatic silane can comprise an amine group, and it can be an alkoxysilane comprising an amine group. In another embodiment, the aromatic silane chemical composition can be a chemical alkoxysilane chemical composition, an aromatic acyloxysilane chemical composition, a halogen aromatic silane chemical composition, or an aminosilane aromatic chemical composition. In another embodiment, the aromatic silane chemical composition may be selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3(m-aminophenoxy)propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or amino substituted (chloromethyl)phenyl -silanes. For example, the alkoxysilane may be aromatic, but is not limited to, aminophenyltrimethoxy silane (sometimes referred to herein as "APhTMS"), aminophenyldimethoxy silane, aminophenyltriethoxy silane, aminophenyldiethoxy silane, 3(m-aminophenoxy) propyltrimethoxy silane, 3(m- aminophenoxy)propyldimethoxy silane, 3(m-aminophenoxy)propyltriethoxy silane, 3(m-aminophenoxy)propyldiethoxy silane, N-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenylaminopropyldimethoxyysilane, N-phenylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenylaminopropyldiethoxysilane of the same chemical composition, or hydrolysed thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical composition of aromatic silane can be aminophenyltrimethoxy silane.
Referring again to the embodiments described above, the first silane chemical composition, second silane chemical composition, or both, may be aliphatic chemical compositions. As used herein, a chemical composition is non-aromatic aliphatic, such as a chemical composition which has an open chain structure such as, but not limited to, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes e.g. For example, in some embodiments, the coupling agent can comprise a chemical composition that is an alkoxysilane and can be an aliphatic alkoxysilane, such as, but not limited to, a dialkoxysilane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or a oligomer thereof, or a chemical composition of trialkoxysilane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof. In some embodiments, the aliphatic silane can comprise an amine group, and can be an alkoxysilane that comprises an amine group, such as an aminoalkyltrialkoxysilane. In one embodiment, an aliphatic silane chemical composition can be selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N-(2-aminoethyl) - 3-aminopropyl, vinyl, methyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, (N-phenylamino) methyl, N-(2-vinylbenzylaminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers. Aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes, include, but are not limited to, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (sometimes referred to herein as "gaps"), 3-aminopropyldimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-silane aminopropyldiethoxy, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3 - aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyldiethoxysilane, their hydrolysates, and chemical composition of these oligomerized products. In other embodiments, the aliphatic alkoxysilane chemical composition cannot contain an amine group, such as an alkyltrialkoxysilane or an alkylbialkoxysilane. Such alkyltrialkoxysilanes or alkylbialkoxysilanes include, but are not limited to, vinyltrimethoxy silane, vinyldimethoxy silane, vinyltriethoxy silane, vinyldiethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy, methyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyldiethoxysilane, their hydrolysates, or the chemical composition thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the chemical composition of the aliphatic silane is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[0082] It has been found that formation of the coupling agent from combinations of different chemical compositions, in particular combinations of silane chemical compositions, can improve the thermal stability of the low friction coating 120. For example, it has been found that combinations of aromatic silanes and aliphatic silanes, such as those described above, improve the thermal stability of the low-friction coating, thereby producing a coating that retains its mechanical properties, such as coefficient of friction and adhesion performance in the sequence heat treatment at elevated temperatures. Thus, in one embodiment the coupling agent comprises a combination of aromatic silanes and aliphatic silanes. In these embodiments, the ratio of aliphatic silanes to aromatic silanes (aliphatic:aromatic) can be from about 1:3 to about 1:0.2. If the coupling agent comprises two or more chemical compositions, such as at least one aromatic silane and an aliphatic silane, the weight ratio of the two chemical compositions can be any ratio, such as a weight ratio of a first chemical composition of a silane and second silane chemical composition (first silane: second silane) from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1, for example, in some embodiments the ratio may be from 0.5:1 to about 2: 1, such as 2: 1, 1:1, 0.5: 1 In some embodiments, the coupling agent may comprise combinations of various aliphatic and/or aromatic silanes, various silanes that can be applied to the container glass in one or more steps, with or without organic or inorganic fillers. In some embodiments, the coupling agent comprises oligomers, such as silsesquioxanes, formed from both aliphatic acids and aromatic silanes.
[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic chemical alkoxysilane composition that comprises at least one amine group and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic alkoxysilane chemical composition that comprises at least one amine group. In another exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent comprises an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions, wherein the oligomer is a silsesquioxane chemical composition and at least one of the silane chemical compositions comprises at least one aromatic moiety and at least one amine group. In a particular exemplary embodiment, the first chemical silane composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second chemical silane composition is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane. The ratio of aromatic silane to aliphatic silane may be about 1:1. In another exemplary embodiment, in particular, the coupling agent comprises an oligomer formed from 3-aminophenyltrimethoxy and aminopropyltrimethoxy. In another embodiment, the coupling agent can comprise both a mixture of oligomers and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy and aminophenyltrimethoxy and formed therefrom.
[0084] In another embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise a chemical composition which is an aminoalkylsilsesquioxane. In one embodiment, the coupling agent comprises aminopropylsilsesquioxane (APS) oligomer (commercially available as an aqueous solution from Gelest).
[0085] In one embodiment, the silane aromatic chemical composition is a chlorosilane chemical composition.
[0086] In another embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise chemical composition which are analogs of aminoalkoxysilanes as hydrolyzed, but not limited to, (3-aminopropyl) silantriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl -silantriol and/or mixtures thereof.
[0087] In another embodiment, the coupling agent can be an inorganic material, such as metal and/or a ceramic film. Non-limiting examples of suitable inorganic materials used as the coupling agent include titanates, zirconates, tin, titanium, and/or oxides thereof.
[0088] In one embodiment, the coupling agent is applied to the outer surface 108 of the glass body 102, contacting with the diluted coupling agent by an immersion process. The coupling agent can be mixed into a solvent when applied to the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the coupling agent can be applied to the glass body 102 by spraying or other suitable means. The glass body 102 with the coupling agent can then be dried at about 120°C for about 15 minutes, or at any time and at a temperature sufficient to adequately release the water and/or other organic solvents present. on the outer surface 108 of the glass container wall 104.
[0089] With reference to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the coupling agent is positioned on the glass container as a layer of coupling agent 180 and is applied as a solution comprising about 0.5% by weight of a first silane and about 0. 5% by weight of a second silane (1% silane total by weight) mixed with at least one of water and an organic solvent such as, but not limited to, methanol. However, it should be understood that the total concentration of silane in the solution can be more or less than about 1% by weight, such as from about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight, of about 0.3% by weight to about 5.0% by weight, or from about 0.5% by weight to about 2.0% by weight. For example, in one embodiment, the weight ratio of organic solvent to water (organic solvent:water) can be from about 90:10 to about 10:90, and in one embodiment, it can be about 75:25. The weight ratio of silane to solvent can affect the thickness of the coupling agent layer, whereby the percent increase in chemical composition of silane in the coupling agent solution can increase the thickness of the coupling agent layer 180. However, it should be understood that other variables can affect the thickness of the coupling agent layer 180 such as, but not limited to, the specifics of the dip coating process, such as the rate of withdrawal from the bath. For example, a faster rate of withdrawal can form a layer of diluent coupling agent 180.
[0090] In another embodiment, coupling agent layer 180 can be applied as a solution comprising 0.1% by volume of a commercially available aminopropylsilsesquioxane oligomer. Solutions of other concentrations, including but not limited to, 0.01-10.0 vol% aminopropylsilsesquioxane oligomer solutions can be used as a coupling agent layer.
[0091] As noted herein, the low friction coating also includes a chemical composition of the polymer. The chemical composition of the polymer can be a thermally stable polymer or a mixture of polymers, such as, but not limited to, polyimides, polysulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polyetheretherketones, polyetherimides, polyamides, polyphenyls, polybenzothiazoles, polybenzoxazoles, polybistiazoles, and polycyclic heterocyclic aromatic polymers with and without organic or inorganic fillers. The chemical composition of the polymer can be formed from other thermally stable polymers, such as polymers that do not degrade at temperatures in the range of 200°C to 400°C, including 250°C, 300°C and 350°C These polymers can be applied with or without a coupling agent.
[0092] In one embodiment, the polymer chemical composition is a polyimide chemical composition. If the low friction coating 120 comprises a polyimide, the polyamide composition may be derived from a polyamic acid, which is formed in a solution through polymerization of monomers. One such polyamic acid is Novastrat® 800 (commercially available from NeXolve). A curing step imidizes the polyamic acid to form the polyimide. Polyamic acid can be formed from the reaction of a diamine monomer, such as a diamine, and an anhydride monomer, such as a dianhydride. As used herein, polyimide monomers are described as diamine monomers and dianhydride monomers. However, it should be understood that while a diamine monomer comprises two amine moieties, in the description that follows, any monomer that comprises at least two amine groups may be suitable as a diamine monomer. Likewise, it is to be understood that while a dianhydride monomer comprises two anhydride moieties, in the description which follows, any monomer which comprises at least two anhydride radicals may be suitable as a dianhydride monomer. The reaction between the anhydride radicals of the amine monomer and the anhydride units of the diamine monomer forms polyamic acid. Therefore, as used herein, a chemical polyimide composition that is formed from the polymerization of specified monomers refers to polyimide that is formed after the imidization of the polyamic acid that is formed from those specified monomers. Generally, the molar ratio of total anhydride monomers and diamine monomers can be about 1:1. Although polyamide can be formed from only two different chemical compositions (an anhydride monomer and a diamine monomer), by at least one anhydride monomer can be polymerized and at least one diamine monomer can be polymerized from the polyimide. For example, an anhydride monomer can be polymerized with diamine from two different monomers. Any number of combinations of monomer species can be used. Furthermore, the ratio of an anhydride monomer with a different anhydride monomer, or one or more diamine monomer to a diamine monomer can be different in any ratio, for example, between about 1:0.1 to 0. 1:1, such as about 1: 9, 1 : 4, 3, 7, 2: 3 :, 1:1, 3: 2, 7: 3, 4: 1 or 1: 9.
[0093] From anhydride monomer, which, together with the diamine monomer, the polyimide is formed and can comprise any anhydride monomer. In one embodiment, the anhydride monomer comprises a benzophenone backbone. In an exemplary embodiment, the benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be at least one of the monomers from which the polyimide anhydride is formed. In other embodiments, the diamine monomer can have an anthracene structure, a phenanthrene structure, a pyrene structure, or a pentacene structure, including their substituted versions of the aforementioned dianhydrides.
[0094] The diamine monomer, which, together with the anhydride monomer, the polyimide is formed can comprise any diamine monomer. In one embodiment, the diamine monomer comprises at least one aromatic ring. FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of diamine monomers, which, together with one or more selected anhydride monomers, can form the polyimide comprising the chemical composition of the polymer. The diamine monomer can have one or more carbon molecules that link two parts of the aromatic ring together, as shown in FIG. 5, where R of FIG. 5 corresponds to an alkyl radical comprising one or more carbon atoms. Alternatively, the diamine monomer can have two aromatic ring moieties that are directly linked and not separated from at least one carbon molecule, as shown in FIG. The diamine monomer may have one or more alkyl moieties, as represented by R' and R "in Figs. 4 and 5, for example, in Figs. 4 and 5, R' and R" may represent an alkyl radical, such as such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or radicals, attached to one or more aromatic ring moieties. For example, the diamine monomer can have two aromatic ring moieties, where each aromatic ring has an alkyl group attached thereto and an amine group attached to the aromatic ring. It is to be understood that R' and R" in both Figs. 4 and 5 may be the same chemical radical or may be different chemical moieties. Alternatively, R' and/or R" in both Figs. 4 and 5, may not represent atoms.
[0095] Two different chemical compositions of diamine monomers can form the polyimide. In one embodiment, a first diamine monomer comprises two aromatic ring moieties that are directly linked and not separated by a carbon coupling molecule, and a second diamine monomer comprises two aromatic ring moieties that are linked with the molecule by the minus one carbon atom coupling the aromatic ring of the two moieties. In an exemplary embodiment, the first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465: 0.035: 0. 5. However, the ratio of the first diamine monomer to the second diamine monomer can vary in a range from about 0.01: 0.49 to about 0.40: 0.10, while the ratio of anhydride monomer it's still about 0.5.
[0096] In one embodiment, the polyimide composition is formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer, a second diamine monomer, and an anhydride monomer, wherein the first and second diamine monomers diamine are different chemical compositions. In one embodiment, the anhydride monomer is a benzophenone, the first diamine monomer comprises two aromatic rings linked directly together, and the second diamine monomer comprises two aromatic rings linked together, with at least one carbon molecule linking together the first and second aromatic rings. The first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer can have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465:0.035:0.5.
[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the first diamine monomer is ortho-toluidine, the second diamine monomer is 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-methylaniline), and the anhydride monomer is 3,3-benzophenone ', 4, 4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The first diamine monomer, the second diamine monomer, and the anhydride monomer can have a molar ratio (first diamine monomer: second diamine monomer: anhydride monomer) of about 0.465:0.035:0.5.
[0098] In some embodiments, the polyimide may be formed from the polymerization of one or more of the following: bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, cyclopentane-1,2, 3,4-tetracarboxylic 1,2,3,4-dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4arH,8acH)-decahydro-1t,4t:5c,8c-dimehanonaphthalene -2t,3t,6c,7c-tetracarboxylic 2,3:6,7-dianhydride, 2c,3c,6c,7c-tetracarboxylic 2,3:6,7-dianhydride, 5-endo-carboxymethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane -2-exo, 3-exo-, 2,3-5-exo-tricarboxylic acid: -3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride 5,5-dianhydride, 5(2,5-Dioxotetrahydro- 3-furanyl), isomers of bis(aminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, or 4,4'-methylenebis(2-methylcyclohexylamine), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyl dianhydride ( 4,4'-BPDA), 3.3', 4,4'-benzophenone dianhydride (4,4-BTDA), 3.3', 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (4,4-ODPA), 1.4 -bis(3,4-di-dicarboxyl phenoxy) benzene dianhydride (4.4 -HQDPA), 1,3-bis(2,3-dicarboxyl-phenoxy)benzene dianhydride (3,3-HQDPA), 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyl phenoxyphenyl) isopropylidene dianhydride (4,4' dC -BP A), 4,4'- (2,2,2 Trifluoro-1-pentafluorophenylethylidene) dianhydride diphthalicide (3 FDA), 4,4-oxydianiline (ODA), m-phenylenediamine (CPI), p-phenylenediamine ( PPD), m-toluenediamine (TDA), 1,4-Bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene (1,4,4-APB), 3,3'- (m-phenylenebis(oxy)) dianiline (APB), 4 ,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DMMDA), 2,2'-bis(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane (Papp), 1,4-cyclohexanediamine 2,2'-bis[4 (4-amino-phenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoroisopropylidene (4-bdaf), 6-amino-EDIA (4'-aminophenyl)-1,3,3-trimethylindane (DAPI), maleic anhydride (MA), Citraconic anhydride (CA) , nadic anhydride (NA), 4 (Phenylethynyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride (PEP A), 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (Taba), 4,4' (hexafluoroisopropylidene) non-phthalikanhydride (6-FDA), pyromellitic dianhydride, benzophenone-3,3', 4, 4'-tetracarboxylic d dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, perylene-tetracarboxylic anhydride 3,4,9,10-dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride, 4.4 '-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4'-(4,4'Isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride), 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, such such as the materials described in US Pat. No. 7619042, US Pat. No. 8053492, US Pat. No. 4880895, US Pat. No. 6232428, US Pat. No. 4595548, WO Pub. No. 2007/016516, US Pat. Pub.No. 2008/0214777, US Pat. No. 6444783, US Pat. No. 6277950, and US Pat. No. 4680373. Fig. 6 represents the chemical structure of some monomers may be suitable and used to form a polyimide coating applied to the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the polyamic acid solution from the polyimide that is formed can comprise poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxidianiline) AMIC (commercially Gael of Aldrich).
[0099] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise a fluorinated polymer. The fluoropolymer can be a copolymer, in which both monomers are highly fluorinated. Some of the monomers in the fluorinated polymer may be fluoroethylene. In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises an amorphous fluorinated polymer, such as, but not limited to, Teflon AF (commercially available from DuPont). In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin particles such as, but not limited to, Teflon PFA TE-7224 (commercially available from DuPont).
[00100] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise a silicone resin. The silicone resin can be a highly branched 3-dimensional polymer that is formed from branched, cage-type oligosiloxanes with the general formula R n Si (X) m O y , where R is a non-reactive substituent, usually methyl or phenyl, and X is OH or H. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that resin curing occurs through a condensation reaction of Si-OH units, with the formation of Si-O-Si bonds. The silicone resin can have at least one of four possible functional siloxane monomer units, which include resins, M - resins, D - resins, T - resins, and Q - where M - resins refer to resins with the general formula R3 SiO, D-resins refers to resins with the general formula R 2 Si0 2 , T - resins refers to resins refers to resins with the general formula RSiO 3 , and Q - resins refers to resins with the general formula SiO 4 (a quartz). In some embodiments they are made of resins and D and T units (DT) or resins of M and Q units (MQ resins). In other embodiments, other combinations (MDT, MTQ, QDT) are also used.
[00101] In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises phenylmethyl silicone resins due to their higher thermal stability compared to methyl or phenyl silicone resins. The proportion of phenyl methyl units in silicone resins can be varied in the chemical composition of the polymer. In one embodiment, the ratio of phenyl to methyl is about 1.2. In another embodiment, the ratio of phenyl to methyl is about 0.84. In other embodiments, the ratio of phenyl to methyl units can be about 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5. In one embodiment, the silicone resin is DC 255 (commercially available from Dow Corning). In another embodiment, the silicone resin is DC806A (commercially available from Dow Corning). In other embodiments, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise any of the DC series resins (commercially available from Dow Corning), and/or Hardsil AP Series and AR resins (commercially available from Gelest). Silicone resins can be used without coupling agent or with a coupling agent.
[00102] In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise silsesquioxane-base polymers such as, but not limited to, T-214 (commercially available from Honeywell), SST-3M01 (commercially available from from Gelest), POSS Imiclear (commercially available from Hybrid Plastics) and FOX-25 (commercially available from Dow Corning). In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer can comprise a silanol moiety.
[00103] Referring again to figs. 1 and 2, the low friction coating 120 can be applied in a multi-stage process, wherein the glass body 102 is contacted with the coupling agent solution to form the coupling agent layer 180 (as described above), and dried, and then contacted with a chemically-compounded polymer solution, such as a polymer solution or polymer precursor, such as by an immersion process, or, alternatively, the chemically-compounded polymer layer 170 may be applied by a spray or other suitable means, and dried, and then cured at elevated temperatures. Alternatively, if a coupling agent layer 180 is not used, the polymer chemical composition of polymer layer 170 can be directly applied. on the outer surface 108 of the glass body 102. In another embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer and the coupling agent can be mixed into the low friction coating 120, and a solution comprising the Chemical composition of the polymer and coupling agent can be applied to the glass body 102 in a single coating step.
[00104] In one embodiment, the chemical composition of the polymer comprises a polyimide, wherein a solution of polyamic acid is applied over the coupling agent layer 180. In other embodiments, a polyamic acid derivative may be used, such as as, for example, a polyamic acid salt, a polyamic acid ester, or the like. In one embodiment, the polyamic acid solution may comprise a mixture of 1% by volume of polyamic acid and 99% by volume of organic solvent. The organic solvent may comprise a mixture of toluene and at least one of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvents, or a mixture of the same. In one embodiment the organic solvent solution comprises about 85% by volume of at least one of DMAC, DMF, and NMP, and about 15% by volume of toluene. However, other suitable organic solvents can be used. The coated glass container 100 can then be dried at about 150°C for about 20 minutes, or at any time and at a temperature sufficient to adequately release the organic solvent present in the low friction coating 120.
[00105] In the embodiment of low friction coating layers, after the glass body 102 is contacted with the coupling agent to form the coupling agent layer 180 and a polyamic acid solution to form the layer of polymer 170, the coated glass container 100 can be cured at elevated temperatures. The coated glass vessel 100 can be cured at 300°C for about 30 minutes or less, or it can be cured at a temperature greater than 300°C, such as at least 320°C, 340°C, 360°C, 380°C or 400°C for a shorter time. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that the curing step imidizes the polyamic acid in polymer layer 170 by reacting carboxylic acid moieties and amide units to create a polymer layer 170 that comprises a polyimide. Curing can also promote bonds between the polyamide and the coupling agent. The coated glass vessel 100 is then cooled to room temperature.
[00106] Furthermore, without being limited by limitation, it is believed that curing the coupling agent, the chemical composition of the polymer, or both, expels volatile materials such as water and other organic molecules. As such, these volatile materials that are released during curing are not present when the article, if used as a container, is heat treated (eg for depyrogenization) or contacted by the material it is packaged for, such as a drug. It should be understood that the polymerization processes described herein are separate heat treatments in addition to other heat treatments described herein, such as heat treatments similar or identical to processes in the pharmaceutical packaging industry, such as depyrogenization or heating treatments used to define thermal stability as described herein.
[00107] The glass container to which the low friction coating 120 can be applied can be formed from a variety of different glass compositions. The specific composition of the glass article can be chosen according to the specific application such that the glass has a desired set of physical properties.
[00108] Glass containers can be formed from a glass composition having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of about 25x10-7/°C and 80x10-7/°C. For example, in some embodiments described herein, the glass body 102 is formed from alkali metal aluminosilicate glass compositions that are amenable to ion exchange reinforcement. Such compositions generally include a combination of SiO 2 , Al 2 0 3 , at least one alkaline earth oxide, and one or more alkali metal oxides, such as Na 2 0 and/or K 2 0. In some of these forms of embodiment, the glass composition may be free of boron and boron-containing compounds. In some other embodiments the glass compositions may further comprise minor amounts of one or more oxides such as, for example, Sn02, Zr02, ZnO, Ti02, As203, or the like. These components can be added as refining agents and/or to further increase the chemical durability of the glass composition. In another embodiment, the glass surface may comprise a metal oxide film comprising Sn02, Zr02, ZnO, Ti02, As203, or the like.
[00109] In some configurations described herein, the glass body 102 is reinforced, such as through ion exchange strengthening, herein referred to as "ion exchange glass". For example, the body of glass 102 may have a compressive stress greater than or equal to about 300 MPa, or even greater than or equal to about 350 MPa. In some embodiments, the compressive stress can be in a range from about 300 MPa to about 900 MPa. However, it should be understood that, in some embodiments, the compressive stress in the glass may be less than 300 MPa or greater than 900 MPa. In some embodiments, the glass body 102 may have a layer depth greater than or equal to 20 µm. In some of these embodiments, the layer depth can be greater than 50 µm or even greater than or equal to 75 µm. In still other embodiments, the layer depth can be up to or greater than 100 µm. Ion exchange boosting can be carried out in a molten salt bath maintained at temperatures from about 350°C to about 500°C. To achieve the desired compressive strength, the (uncoated) glass vessel can be immersed in the salt bath for less than about 30 hours or even less than about 20 hours. For example, in one embodiment the glass vessel is immersed 100% in a bath of KNO 3 salts at 450°C for about 8 hours.
[00110] In a particular exemplary embodiment, the glass body 102 may be formed from an ion exchange glass composition described in pending US patent application Serial No. 13/660894 filed October 25, 2012 and titled "Glass Compositions with Improved Chemical and Mechanical Durability" attributed to Corning, Incorporated.
[00111] However, it should be understood that the coated glass containers 100 described herein may be formed from other glass compositions, including, without limitation, ion exchange glass compositions and non-ion exchange glass compositions . For example, in some embodiments the glass container may be formed from Type 1B glass compositions, such as, for example, Schott Type IB aluminosilicate glass.
[00112] In some embodiments described herein, the glass article can be formed from a glass composition that meets the criteria for pharmaceutical glasses described by regulatory agencies such as the USP (United States Pharmacopeia), the EP (Pharmacopeia European), and JP (Japanese Pharmacopoeia) based on its hydrolytic resistance. Per USP 660 and EP 7, Borosilicate glasses meet Type I criteria and are routinely used for parenteral packaging. Examples of borosilicate glass include, but not limited to, Pyrex® Corning 7740, 7800 and Wheaton 180, 200 and 400, Schott Duran, Schott Fiolax, KIMAX® N-51A, Gerrescheimer GX-51 Flint and others. Soda-lime glass meets Type III criteria and is acceptable in packages of dry powders that are further dissolved to make solutions or buffers. Type III glasses are also suitable for the packaging of liquid formulations that are insensitive to alkali. Examples of Type III soda lime glass include Wheaton 800 and 900. Alkalized soda-lime glasses have higher levels of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide and meet Type II criteria. These glasses are less resistant to leaching than Type I glasses, but more resistant than Type III glasses. Type II glass can be used for products that remain below a pH of 7 for their shelf life. Examples include ammonium sulfate treated lemon soda cups. These pharmaceutical glasses have varied chemical compositions and have a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) in the range of 20-85 x 10-7°C-1.
[00113] When the coated glass articles described herein are glass containers, the glass body 102 of coated glass containers 100 can take on a variety of different shapes. For example, the glass bodies described herein can be used to form coated glass packages 100, such as vials, ampoules, cartridges, syringe bodies and/or any other glass container for storing pharmaceutical compositions. In addition, the ability to chemically strengthen glass containers prior to coating can be utilized to further improve the mechanical durability of glass containers. Therefore, it should be understood that, in at least one embodiment, glass containers can be reinforced by ion exchange prior to application of the low friction coating. Alternatively, other methods of strengthening, such as heat quenching, flame polishing, and laminating, as described in US Patent No. 7,201,965, can be used to strengthen the glass prior to coating.
[00114] In one embodiment, the coupling agent comprises a silane chemical composition, such as an alkoxy silane, which can improve adhesion of the polymer chemical composition to the glass body. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that alkoxysilane molecules rapidly hydrolyze in water to form isolated monomers, cyclic oligomers, and large intramolecular cyclics. In various embodiments, control over which type of silane species predominates can be determined by, concentration, pH, temperature, storage conditions, and time. For example, at low concentrations in aqueous solution, aminopropyltrialkoxysilane (APS) can be stable and form oligomeric trisilanol and cyclic monomers of very low molecular weight.
[00115] It is believed, still, without being limited by theory, that the reaction of one or more chemical compositions of silanes to the glass body may involve several steps. As shown in FIG. 31, in some embodiments, following hydrolysis of the silane chemical composition, a reactive silanol moiety may be formed which may condense with other silanol moieties, for example those on the surface of a substrate such as like a body of glass. After the first and second hydrolyzable moieties are hydrolyzed, a condensation reaction can be started. In some embodiments, the tendency to self-condense can be controlled through the use of fresh solutions, alcoholic solvents, dilution, and through careful selection of pH ranges. For example, silanetriols are more stable at pH 3 to 6, but condense quickly at pH 7 - 9.3, and partial condensation of silanol monomers can produce silsesquioxanes. As shown in FIG. 31, the silanol portions of the species formed can form hydrogen bonds with portions of the silanols on the substrate, and during drying or curing a covalent coupling can be formed with the substrate with the elimination of water. For example, a moderate cure cycle (110°C for 15 min) can leave remaining portions of silanols in free form and, along with any silane organofunctionality, can bond with the posterior topcoat, providing better adhesion.
[00116] In some embodiments, one or more silane chemical compositions of the coupling agent may comprise an amine group. Still not limited by theory, it is believed that this amine group can act as a basic catalyst in hydrolysis and condensation copolymerization and improve the adsorption rate of silanes that have an amine group on a glass surface. It can also create a high pH (9.0-10.0) in aqueous solution so it conditions the surface of the glass and increases the density of the silanol surface portions. Strong interaction with water and protic solvents maintains the solubility and stability of a silane that has an amine moiety chemical composition, such as EPA.
[00117] In an exemplary embodiment, the glass body may comprise ion exchange glass and the coupling agent may be a silane. In some embodiments, the adhesion of the low friction coating to an ion exchanged glass body may be stronger than the adhesion of the low friction coating to a non-ion exchanged glass body. It is believed, without being bound by theory, that any one of several aspects of ion-exchanged glass can promote coupling and/or adhesion when compared to non-ion exchanged glass. First, the ion exchanged glass may have increased chemical/hydrolytic stability which may affect the stability of the coupling agent and/or its adhesion to the glass surface. Non-ion exchanged glass typically has poor hydrolytic stability under conditions of high temperature and/or humidity, alkali metals could migrate out of the glass body to the glass surface interface and the coupling agent layer (if present), or even migrate to the coupling agent layer, if present. If alkali metals migrate, as described above, and there is no change in pH, hydrolysis of Si-O-Si bonds at the interface of the glass/coupling agent layer or at the coupling agent layer itself can weaken the properties so much mechanical properties of the coupling agent or its adhesion to the glass. Second, when ion exchanged glasses are exposed to strong oxidizing baths, such as potassium nitrite baths, at elevated temperatures, such as 400°C to 450°C, and removed, the organic chemical compositions on the glass surface are removed, making it particularly well suited for silane coupling agents, without additional cleaning. For example, a non-deionized glass may have to be exposed to an additional surface cleaning treatment, adding time and expense to the process.
[00118] In an exemplary embodiment, the coupling agent may comprise at least one silane, containing an amine group and the chemical composition of the polymer may comprise a chemical composition of polyimide. Now referring to FIG. 32, without being bound by theory, it is believed that the interaction between this amine group interaction and the polyimide polyamic acid precursor follows a step-by-step process. As shown in FIG. 32, the first step is the formation of a polyamic acid salt between a carboxyl moiety of the polyamic acid and the amine group. The second step is the thermal conversion of the salt into an amide moiety. The third additional conversion step is the amide moiety to an imide moiety with the scission of the amide polymer bonds. The result is an imide covalent coupling of a shortened polymer chain (polyimide chain) to an amine moiety of the coupling agent, as shown in FIG. 32.
[00119] Referring collectively to FIG. 7 and 8, FIG. 7 contains a process flow diagram 500 of a method for producing a coated glass container 100 having a low friction coating and FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the process described in the flow diagram. In a first step 502, glass tube 1000 images formed from an ion exchange glass composition is initially molded into 900 glass containers (specifically glass vials in the illustrated embodiment) using conventional molding and forming techniques. At step 504, glass containers 900 are loaded into a compartment 604 via a mechanical magazine loader 602. The magazine loader 602 may be a mechanical gripping device, such as a tong, or the like, which is capable of holding several glass containers at the same time. Alternatively, the clamping device can use a vacuum system to hold the glass containers 900. Magazine loader 602 can be coupled to a robotic arm or other similar device capable of positioning magazine loader 602 with respect to 900 glass containers and the 604 compartment.
[00120] In a next step 506, the compartment 604 loaded with the glass containers 900 is transferred with a mechanical conveyor, such as a conveyor belt 606, an overhead crane or the like, to a cassette loading area. Thereafter, in step 508, compartment 604 is placed in a cassette 608. Cassette 608 is constructed to realize a plurality of compartments such that a large number of glass containers can be processed simultaneously. Each compartment 604 is positioned in cassette 608 using a cassette tape loader 610. Loader 610 may be a mechanical gripping device, such as a tweezer, or the like, which is capable of gripping one or more compartments at a time. Alternatively, the clamping device may utilize a vacuum system to secure compartments 604. Loader cassette 610 may be coupled to a robotic arm or other similar device capable of positioning tape loader 610 with respect to cassette 608 and compartment 604.
[00121] In a next step 510, the cassette 608 containing the compartments 604 and glass containers 900 is transferred to an ion exchange station and loaded into an ion exchange tank 614 to chemically facilitate the reinforcement of the glass containers 900. Cassette 608 is transferred to the ion exchange station with a cassette transfer device 612. Cassette transfer device 612 may be a mechanical gripping device, such as a tweezer, or the like, which is capable of holding the cassette 608. Alternatively, the clamping device may use a vacuum system to adhere the cassette 608. The cassette transfer device 612 and cassette connection 608 may be automatically transmitted from the cassette loading area to the station ion exchanger with an elevated rail system such as a gantry crane or the like. Alternatively, the cassette transfer device 612 and cassette link 608 can be transported from the cassette loading area to the ion exchange station with a robotic arm. In yet another embodiment, the cassette transfer device 612 and the cassette link 608 can be transported from the cassette loading area to the ion exchange station with a conveyor and then transferred from the conveyor to ion exchange tank 614 with a robotic arm or an overhead crane.
[00122] Since the transfer device of cassette 612 and fixed box is in the ion exchange station, the cassette 608 and the glass containers 900 contained therein can be preheated before the immersion of the cassette 608 and the containers of glass 900 in ion exchange tank 614. Cassette 608 can be preheated to a temperature greater than room temperature and less than or equal to the temperature of the molten salt bath in the ion exchange tank. For example, glass containers can be preheated to a temperature of around 300°C - 500°C.
[00123] The ion exchange reservoir 614 contains a bath of molten salt 616, such as an alkaline molten salt, such as KNO 3 , NaN03 and/or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the molten salt bath is 100% molten KNO3 which is maintained at a temperature greater than or equal to about 350°C and less than or equal to about 500°C. that molten alkaline salt bath having various other compositions and/or temperatures can also be used to facilitate the exchange of ions from one of the glass containers.
[00124] In step 512, the glass containers 900 are ion exchange reinforced in the ion exchange tank 614. Specifically, the glass containers are immersed in the molten salt and held there for a period of time sufficient to reach the voltage of compression and desired layer depth of glass containers 900. For example, in one embodiment, glass containers 900 can be held in ion exchange tank 614 for a sufficient period of time to obtain a layer depth of up to about 100 µm with a compressive strength of at least about 300 MPa, or even 350 MPa. The retention period can be less than 30 hours, or even less than 20 hours. However, it should be understood that the period of time with which the glass containers are kept in tank 614 can vary depending on the composition of the glass container, the composition of the molten salt bath 616, the temperature of the molten salt bath 616 , and the desired depth of layer and the desired compression tension.
[00125] After the ion exchange glass vessels 900 are reinforced, the cassettes 608 and glass vessels 900 are removed from the ion exchange tank 614 using the cassette transfer device 612 in conjunction with a robotic arm or crane. During withdrawal from ion exchange tank 614, cassette 608 and glass containers 900 are suspended over ion exchange tank 614 and cassette 608 is rotated about a horizontal axis so that any molten salt remaining in the glass containers 900 is emptied back into ion exchange tank 614. Thereafter, cassette 608 is rotated back to its initial position and the glass containers are allowed to cool, before rinsing.
[00126] Cassettes 608 and glass containers 900 are then transferred to a washing station with cassette transfer device 612. This transfer can be performed with a robotic arm or overhead crane as described above, or alternatively with an automatic conveyor such as a conveyor belt or the like. In a next step 514, cassettes 608 and glass containers 900 are brought to a rinse tank 618, containing a water bath 620 to remove any excess salt on the surfaces of glass containers 900. Cassette 608 and glass containers 900 can be taken to rinse tank 618 with a robotic arm, crane or similar device, which couples with cassette transfer device 612. Cassette 608 and glass containers 900 are then removed from rinse tank 618, suspended on rinse tank 618, and cassette 608 is rotated about a horizontal axis such multiple times that the wash water remaining in the glass containers 900 is emptied back into rinse tank 618. In some embodiments , the washing operation can be performed before cassette 608 and glass containers 900 are moved to the next processing station.
[00127] In a particular embodiment, the cassette 608 and the glass containers 900 are immersed in a water bath at least twice. For example, cassette 608 can be immersed in a first water bath and subsequently a second, different water bath to ensure that all residual alkaline salts are removed from the surface of the glass article. The water from the first water bath can be sent to wastewater treatment or to an evaporator.
[00128] In a next step 516, the compartments 604 are removed from the cassette 608 with the magazine of the cassette 610. Thereafter, in the step 518, the glass containers 900 are unloaded from the compartment 604 with the magazine compartment 602 and transferred to a washing station. At step 520, the glass containers are flushed with a jet of deionized water 624 emitted from a nozzle 622 where deionized water jet 624 can be mixed with compressed air.
[00129] Optionally, in step 521 (not shown in figure 8.), the glass containers 900 are transferred to an inspection station where the glass containers are inspected for flaws, debris, discoloration and the like.
[00130] In step 522, the glass containers 900 are transferred to the coating station, with the compartment loader 602, where the low friction coating is applied to the glass containers 900. In some embodiments, the application of the coating of low friction can include applying a coupling agent directly to the surface of the glass container, and a chemical composition of polymers on the coupling agent, as described above. In these embodiments, the glass containers 900 are partially immersed in a first dip tank 626, which contains the coupling agent 628 for coating the outer surface of glass containers with the coupling agent. Alternatively, the coupling agent can be applied by spraying. Thereafter, the glass containers are removed from the first dip tank 626 and the coupling agent is dried. In some embodiments, such as embodiments where the coupling agent comprises one or more silane chemical compositions as described above, the glass containers 900 may be led to an oven where the glass containers 900 are dried to dry. 120°C for 15 minutes.
[00131] While the process schematically represented in fig. 8 includes a step of coating the outside of the glass containers with a coupling agent, it should be understood that this step is only used for coating compositions where a coupling agent is required. In other embodiments of low friction coatings where a coupling agent is not required, the coupling agent application step may be omitted.
[00132] Then, the glass containers 900 are routed to the coating dip tank 630 with loader 602. The dip tank coating 630 is filled with the coating solution of the polymer chemical composition 632 comprising a composition polymer chemistry described above. The glass containers are, at least partially, immersed in the chemical composition coating polymer solution 632 to coat the chemical composition of the polymer onto the glass containers, either directly onto the outer surface of glass containers 900, or to the coating agent. coupling, which is already coated onto the 900 glass containers. Afterwards, the polymer chemical composition solution is dried to remove any solvents. In one embodiment, where the chemically composition polymer coating solution contains Novastrat® 800 as described above, the coating solution can be dried by transporting the glass containers 900 to a heating oven and the glass containers at 150 °C. °C for 20 minutes. Once the chemical composition coating polymer solution is dry, the glass containers 900 can (optionally) be re-dipped in the chemical dip coating polymer composition from tank 630 to apply one or more additional layers of chemical composition. of the polymer. In some embodiments, the chemically composition coating polymer is applied over the entire outer surface of the container, while in other embodiments the low friction coating is applied to only a portion of the outer surface of the container. While the coupling agent and the chemical composition of the polymer are described herein, in some embodiments, as being applied in two distinct steps, it is to be understood that in an alternative embodiment, the low friction coupling and coating agent they are applied in a single step, such as when the coupling agent and the chemical composition of the polymer are combined in a mixture.
[00133] Once the coating polymer solution of chemical composition 632 has been applied to the glass containers 900, the chemical composition of the polymer is cured onto the glass containers 900. The curing process depends on the type of coating polymer of chemical composition applied in the coating process and may include thermal curing of the coating, UV light curing coating, and/or a combination thereof. In embodiments described herein, wherein the chemically composition polymer coating comprises a polyamide, such as the polyamide formed by the coating solution of 800 Novastrat®, polyamic acid described above, the glass containers 900 are conveyed to an oven 634 , where they are heated from 150 °C to about 350 °C, for a period of about 5 to 30 minutes. After removing the glass containers from the oven, the chemical composition of the coating polymer is cured, thus producing a glass container coated with a low friction coating.
[00134] After the low friction coating has been applied to the glass container, the coated glass containers 100 are transferred to a packaging process, at step 524, where the containers are filled and/or to an additional inspection station.
[00135] The various properties of coated glass containers (ie, coefficient of friction, horizontal compression force, 4-point flexural strength) can be measured when the coated glass containers are in a de-coated condition (ie. is, after application of the coating without any additional treatments) or after one or more processing treatments, such as those similar or identical to treatments performed on a pharmaceutical filling line, including, without limitation, washing, lyophilization, depyrogenation , autoclaving, or the like.
[00136] Depyrogenation is a process in which pyrogens are removed from a substance. Depyrogenation of glass articles, such as pharmaceutical packaging, can be accomplished by a heat treatment applied to the sample, in which the sample is heated to an elevated temperature for a period of time. For example, depyrogenation can include heating a glass vessel to a temperature of between about 250°C and about 380°C for a time period of about 30 seconds to about 72 hours, including, without limitation, to 20 minutes, 30 minutes 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. After heat treatment, the glass vessel is cooled to room temperature. A conventional depyrogenation condition commonly employed in the pharmaceutical industry is heat treatment at a temperature of about 250°C for about 30 minutes. However, it is considered that the heat treatment time can be reduced if higher temperatures are used. Coated glass containers, as described herein, can be exposed to elevated temperatures for a period of time. The elevated temperatures and heating time periods described herein may or may not be sufficient to depyrogenate a glass container. However, it should be understood that some of the temperatures and heating times described herein are sufficient to dehydrogenate a coated glass container, such as the coated glass containers described herein. For example, as described herein, coated glass containers can be exposed to temperatures from about 260°C, to about 270°C, to about 280°C, to about 290°C, to about 300°C C, at about 310 °C, at about 320 °C, at about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350 °C, at about 360 °C, at about 370 °C , at about 380°C, at about 390°C, or about 400°C, for a time period of 30 minutes.
[00137] As used herein, freeze drying conditions (ie freeze drying) refer to a process in which the sample is filled with a liquid containing the protein and then frozen at -100 °C , followed by sublimation of water for 20 hours at -15 °C, under vacuum.
[00138] As used herein, refer to steam autoclave conditions purging a sample for 10 minutes at 100°C, followed by a 20 minute dwell period in which the sample is exposed to an environment of 121°C. °C, followed by 30 minutes of heat treatment at 121 °C.
[00139] The coefficient of friction (μ) of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a lower coefficient of friction than a surface of an uncoated glass container formed from the same glass composition. A coefficient of friction (μ) is a quantitative measure of friction between two surfaces and is a function of the mechanical and chemical properties of the first and second surfaces, including surface roughness, as well as environmental conditions such as, but not limited to , temperature and humidity. As used herein, a coefficient of friction for measuring coated glass container 100 is classified as the coefficient of friction between the outer surface of a first glass container (with an outside diameter of between about 16.00 millimeters and about 17.00 millimeters) and the outer surface of the second glass container, which is identical to the first glass container, wherein the first and second glass containers have the same body and the same coating composition (when applied) and have been exposed to the same environments before fabrication, during fabrication, and after fabrication. Unless otherwise indicated herein, coefficient of friction refers to the maximum coefficient of friction measured with a normal load of 30 N, measured in a vial-by-vial template test as described herein. However, it should be understood that a coated glass container that exhibits a maximum coefficient of friction for a specific applied load also exhibits the same or better (i.e., lower) maximum coefficient of friction at a lower load. For example, if a coated glass container has a maximum coefficient of friction of 0.5 or less under an applied load of 50 N, the coated glass container will also have a maximum coefficient of friction of 0.5 or less under a 25 N applied load.
[00140] In embodiments described herein, the coefficient of friction of the glass containers (both coated and unlined) is measured with a vial-by-vial template test. Test template 200 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 9 The same device can also be used to measure the frictional force between two glass containers positioned on the template. The vial-by-ampule template test 200 comprises a first clamp 212 and a second clamp 222 arranged in a transverse configuration. The first clamp 212 comprises a first clamping arm 214 connected to a first base 216. The first clamping arm 214 connects to the first glass container 210 and secures the first glass container 210 stationary with respect to the first clamp 212. , the second clamp 222 comprises a second clamping arm 224 connected to a second base 226. The second clamping arm 224 attaches to the second glass container 220 and holds stationary relative to the second clamp 222. The first glass container 210 is positioned on the first bracket 212 and the second glass container 220 is positioned on the second clamp 222 such that the longitudinal axis of the first glass container 210 and the longitudinal axis of the second glass container 220 are positioned at about an angle 90 ° to each other and in a horizontal plane defined by the x - y axis.
[00141] A first glass container 210 is positioned in contact with the second glass container 220 at a contact point 230. The normal force is applied in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the x - y axis. The normal force may be applied by a static weight or other force exerted on the second clamp 222 upon a first stationary clamp 212, for example, a weight may be positioned on the second base 226 and the first base 216 may be placed on top a stable surface, thus inducing a measurable force between the first glass container 210 and the second glass container 220 at the point of contact 230. Alternatively, the force can be applied with a mechanical apparatus such as a (Universal Mechanical Tester ) UMT machine.
[00142] The first clamp 212 or second clamp 222 can be moved relative to one another in a direction that makes an angle of 45° with the longitudinal axis of the first glass container 210 and the second glass container 220. For example , the first clamp 212 can be held stationary and the second clamp 222 can be moved so that the second glass container 220 moves to the first glass container 210 in the x-axis direction. A similar configuration is described by RL De Rosa et al, in "Scratch Resistant Polyimide Coatings for Alumino Silicate Glass Surfaces" in the Journal of Adhesion, 78:. 113-127, 2002. To measure the coefficient of friction, the force required to move the second clamp 222 and the normal force applied to the first and second glass containers 210,220 are measured with load cells and the coefficient of friction is calculated as the quotient of the frictional force and the normal force. The jig is operated in an environment of 25°C and 50% relative humidity.
[00143] In embodiments described herein, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 relative to a coated glass container such as , as determined with the vial-to-vial template described above. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction can be less than or equal to about 0.6, or even less than or equal to about 0.5. In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.4 or even less than or equal to about 0.3. Coated glass containers with coefficients of friction less than or equal to about 0.7 generally exhibit improved resistance to frictional damage and, as a result, have improved mechanical properties. For example, conventional glass containers (without a low-friction liner) may have a coefficient of friction greater than 0.7.
[00144] In some embodiments described herein, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating is at least 20% lower than a coefficient of friction of a surface of a glass container without coating formed from the same glass composition. For example, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may be at least 20% less, at least 25% less, at least 30% less, at least 40% less, or even at least 50% less than a coefficient of friction of a surface of an unlined glass container formed from the same glass composition.
[00145] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction less than or equal to about 0.7 after exposure to a temperature of about 260° C, at about 270 °C, at about 280 °C, at about 290 °C, at about 300 °C, at about 310 °C, at about 320 °C, at about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350 °C, at about 360 °C, at about 370 °C, at about 380 °C, at about 390 °C, or at about 400 °C, during a 30 minute time period. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 (i.e. less than or equal to about 0.7). of 0.6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to a temperature from about 260 °C, to about 270 °C, to about 280 °C, to about 290 °C, to about 300 °C, to about 310 °C, to about 320 °C, to about from 330 °C, to about 340 °C, to about 350°C, to about 360 °C, to about 370 °C, to about 380 °C, to about 390 °C, or about 400°C for a period of time of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after exposure to a temperature of about 260°C for 30 minutes. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15 %, or about 10%) after exposure to a temperature of about 260 °C, to about 270 °C, to about 280 °C, to about 290 °C, to about 300 °C, to about from 310 °C, to about 320 °C, to about 330 °C, to about 340 °C, to about 350°C, to about 360 °C, to about 370 °C, to about 380 ° C, at about 390°C, or about 400°C, for a time period of 30 minutes. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 0.5 (i.e., about 0.45, about 0.04, about 0.35, about 0.3, about 0.25, about 0.2, about 0.15, about 0.1, or even about 0.5) after exposure to a temperature of about 260°C, about 270°C, about 280°C, about 290°C, about 300°C, about 310°C, about 320°C, about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350°C, at about 360 °C, at about 370 °C, at about 380 °C, at about 390 °C, or at about 400 °C C, for a period of time of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may not increase at all after exposure to a temperature of about 260°C to about 270°C to about from 280 °C, to about 290 °C, to about 300 °C, to about 310 °C, to about 320 °C, to about 330 °C, to about 340 °C, to about 350 °C, about 360 °C, about 370 °C, about 380 °C, about 390 °C, or about 400 °C, for a time period of 30 minutes.
[00146] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70°C for 10 minutes. In another embodiment, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0.6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3), after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70°C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or even 1 hour. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after it has been submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 °C for 10 minutes. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15 %, or even about 10%) after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70 °C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or even one hour. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may not increase at all after being submerged in a water bath at a temperature of about 70°C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, or even 1 hour.
[00147] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 after exposure to freeze drying conditions. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0.6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to lyophilization conditions . In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase more than about 30% after exposure to freeze drying conditions. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15 %, or even about 10%) after exposure to freeze-drying conditions. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may not increase at all after exposure to freeze drying conditions.
[00148] In some embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 after exposure to autoclave conditions. In other embodiments, the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, (i.e., less than or equal to about 0.6, less than or equal to about 0.5, less than or equal to about 0.4, or even less than or equal to about 0.3) after exposure to autoclave conditions . In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% after exposure to autoclave conditions. In other embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the portion of the glass container coated with the low friction coating cannot increase by more than about 30% (i.e., about 25%, about 20%, about 15 %, or even about 10%) after exposure to autoclave conditions. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass container coated with the low friction coating may not increase at all after exposure to autoclave conditions.
[00149] The coated glass containers described herein have a horizontal compressive strength. Referring to FIG. 1, the horizontal compressive force, as described herein, is measured by positioning the coated glass container 100 horizontally between two parallel plates that are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the glass container. The mechanical load is then applied to the coated glass container 100 with the plates perpendicular to the axis of the glass container. The loading rate for vial compression is 0.5 in/min, which means that the plates move towards each other at a rate of 0.5 in/min. The horizontal compression force is measured at 25°C and 50% relative humidity. A measurement of horizontal compressive strength can be given as a probability of failure for a selected normal compressive load. As used herein, failure occurs when the glass reservoir ruptures under horizontal compression in at least 50% of the samples. In some embodiments, a coated glass container can have a horizontal compression force at least 10%, 20%, or 30% greater than a coated vial.
[00150] Referring now to Figs. 1 and 9, measuring the horizontal compressive force can also be performed on a crushed glass vessel. Specifically, running the 200 µg test can create damage to the outer surface coated glass container 122, such as a scratch or abrasion surface that weakens the strength of the coated glass container 100. The glass container is then subjected to the squeezing procedure horizontal described above, in which the container is placed between two plates with the zero pointing outward parallel to the plates. The hazard can be characterized by the selected normal pressure applied by a vial-to-vial jig and the zero length. Unless otherwise noted, scratches to glass containers worn by the horizontal compression process are characterized by a length of 20 mm created by a normal load of 30 N.
[00151] Coated glass containers can be evaluated by the horizontal compression force following a heat treatment. Heat treatment can be exposure to a temperature of about 260 °C, to about 270 °C, to about 280 °C, to about 290 °C, to about 300 °C, to about 310 ° C, at about 320 °C, at about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350°C, at about 360 °C, at about 370 °C, at about 380 °C, at about 390°C, or about 400°C, for a time period of 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the horizontal compressive strength of the coated glass container is not reduced by more than about 20%, 30%, or even 40% after it has been exposed to a heat treatment such as those described. above, and then be sanded as described above. In one embodiment, the horizontal compressive strength of the coated glass container is not reduced by more than about 20% after it has been exposed to a heat treatment of about 260°C, to about 270°C, at about 280 °C, at about 290 °C, at about 300 °C, at about 310 °C, at about 320 °C, at about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350 °C, about 360 °C, about 370 °C, about 380 °C, about 390 °C, or about 400 °C, for a time period of 30 minutes, and, then be sanded.
[00152] The coated glass articles described in this document can be thermally stable after heating to a temperature of at least 260 °C for a time period of 30 minutes. The phrase "thermally stable" as used herein means that the low friction coating applied to the glass article remains virtually intact on the surface of the glass article after exposure to elevated temperatures such that, after exposure, the properties The mechanics of the glassware coating, especially the coefficient of friction and the horizontal compressive strength, are only minimally affected, if at all. This indicates that the low friction coating remains adhered to the glass surface after exposure to high temperature and continues to protect the glass article from mechanical insults such as abrasion, impacts and the like.
[00153] In embodiments described herein, a coated glass article is considered to be thermally stable if the coated glass article satisfies both a standard coefficient of friction and a standard horizontal compressive strength after heating to the specified temperature and remaining at that temperature for the specified time. To determine whether the normal coefficient of friction is satisfied, the coefficient of friction of a first coated glass article is determined in as-received state (i.e., prior to any thermal exposure), using the test mount device illustrated in FIG. 9 and 30 N of applied charge. A second coated glass article (i.e., a glass article having the same composition as the glass and the same coating composition as the first coated glass article) is thermally exposed under the prescribed conditions and cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, the coefficient of friction of the second glass article is determined using the test mounting device illustrated in fig. 9 to scrape the coated glass article with an applied load of 30 N resulting in an abrasion (i.e. a "zero") which has a length of approximately 20 mm. If the coefficient of friction of the second coated glass article is less than 0.7 and the glass surface of the second glass article in the worn zone does not have any observable damage, then the coefficient of friction is met by default for determination purposes. of the thermal stability of the low-friction coating. The term "observable damage," as used herein, means the surface of the glass in the abrasive zone of the glass article that contains less than six glass controls per 0.5 cm abrasion length, when viewed with a Nomarski or differential interference contrast (DIC) spectroscopy microscope at a magnification of 100X with LED or halogen light sources. The standard definition of a glass check or glass check is described in GD Quinn, "NIST Recommended Good Practice Guide: Fractography of Ceramics and Glass", NIST special publication 960-17 (2006).
[00154] To determine whether the horizontal compressive force pattern is satisfied, a first coated glass article is abraded into the test jig illustrated in fig. 9 under a 30 N load to form a 20 mm scratch. The first coated glass article is then subjected to a horizontal compression test, as described herein, and the retention strength of the first coated glass article is determined. A second coated glass article (i.e., a glass article having the same composition as the glass and the same coating composition as the first coated glass article) is thermally exposed under the prescribed conditions and cooled to room temperature. Thereafter, the second coated glass article is ground on the test template illustrated in fig. 9 under a load of 30N. The second coated glass article is then subjected to a horizontal compression test, as described herein, and the trapping strength of the second coated glass article is determined. If the retention strength of the second coated glass article does not decrease by more than about 20% relative to the first coated glass article, then the horizontal compressive strength standard is met for the purpose of determining the thermal stability of the coating. low friction.
[00155] In embodiments described herein, coated glass containers are considered thermally stable if the coefficient of friction and the horizontal pattern of the compressive strength pattern are met after exposing the coated glass containers to a temperature of fur minus about 260°C for a time period of about 30 minutes (ie, coated glass containers are thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260°C for a time period of about 30 minutes) . Thermal stability can also be assessed at temperatures from about 260°C to about 400°C. For example, in some embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, to a temperature of at least about 270°C or up to about 280°C for a time period of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 290°C or even about 300°C for a period of time. of about 30 minutes. In other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 310°C or up to about 320°C, for a time period of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 330°C or up to about 340°C for a time period of about 30 minutes. In still other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 350°C or up to about 360°C for a time period of about 350°C. 30 minutes. In some other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 370°C or even about 380°C for a period of time of about 30 minutes. In yet other embodiments, coated glass containers will be considered to be thermally stable, if standards are met, at a temperature of at least about 390°C or even at about 400°C for a period of time of about 30 minutes.
[00156] The coated glass containers described herein can also be thermally stable over a range of temperatures, which means that the coated glass containers are thermally stable, meeting the coefficient of friction and compression of standard horizontal pattern of force to each temperature in the range. For example, in the embodiments described herein, coated glass containers can be thermally stable from at least about 260°C to a temperature of less than or equal to about 400°C. In one embodiment, the coated glass containers may be thermally stable in a range from at least about 260°C to about 350°C. In some other embodiments, the coated glass containers may be thermally stable to from at least about 280°C at a temperature of less than or equal to about 350°C. In still other embodiments, coated glass containers may be thermally stable to at least about 290° C to about 340°C. In another embodiment, the coated glass container may be thermally stable at a temperature range of about 300°C to about 380°C. coated glass can be t thermally stable at a temperature range of about 320°C to about 360°C.
[00157] The coated glass containers described herein have a four point flexural strength. To measure the four-point bending strength of a glass vessel, a glass tube which is the precursor to the coated glass vessel 100 is used for the measurement. The glass tube has a diameter that is the same as the glass container, but does not include a glass container base or a glass container mouth (ie, before forming the tube into a glass container) . The glass tube is then subjected to a four-point stress bending test to induce mechanical failure. The test is carried out at 50% relative humidity, with outer contact elements spaced by 9" and inner contact members spaced by 3", at a load rate of 10 mm/min.
[00158] The measurement of four-point bending stresses can also be performed on a coated and sanded pipe. Operation of the test jig 200 can create an abrasion resistance on the pipe surface, such as a surface scratch that weakens the pipe strength, as described in measuring the horizontal compressive force of a crushed pipe. The glass tube is then subjected to a four-point stress bending test to induce mechanical failure. The test is carried out at 25°C and 50% relative humidity using external probes spaced 9" apart and inner contact members spaced 3", at a load rate of 10 mm/min, while the tube is positioned in such a way that the risk is stressed during the test.
[00159] In some embodiments, the four-point bending force of a glass tube with a low friction coating, after abrasion shows, on average, at least 10%, 20%, or even 50% greater than the mechanical strength of an uncoated glass tube worn under the same conditions.
[00160] In some embodiments, after the coated glass container 100 is abraded by an identical glass container with a normal force 30 N, the coefficient of friction of the abraded area of the coated glass container 100 does not increase by more than about 20% following another abrasion by an identical glass container with a normal force of 30N in the same location, or it does not increase at all. In other embodiments, after the coated glass container 100 is abraded by an identical glass container with a normal force of 30 N, the coefficient of friction of the abraded area of the coated glass container 100 does not increase by more than about 15% or even 10% after another abrasion by an identical glass container with a normal 30 N force at the same location, or it doesn't increase at all. However, it is not necessary for all embodiments of the 100 coated glass containers to exhibit such properties.
[00161] Mass loss refers to a measurable property of the coated glass container 100 that relates to the amount of volatiles released from the coated glass container 100 when the coated glass container is exposed to an elevated temperature selected for a selected period of time. Loss of mass is generally indicative of mechanical degradation of the coating due to thermal exposure. Since the glass body of the coated glass container does not show measurable mass loss at the reported temperatures, the mass loss test, as described in detail here, produces mass loss data for only the low friction coating, which is applied to the glass container. Several factors can affect mass loss. For example, the amount of organic material that can be removed from the coating can influence mass loss. The collapse of carbon backbones and the side chains of a polymer will result in a theoretical 100% coating removal. Organometallic polymer materials usually lose all of their organic component, but the inorganic component remains behind. Thus, mass loss results are normalized based on the amount of organic and inorganic coating (eg % silica of the coating) per theoretical complete oxidation.
[00162] To determine mass loss, a coated sample, such as a coated glass vial, is initially heated to 150°C and held at this temperature for 30 minutes to dry the coating, effectively directing H 2 0 from of the coating. The sample is then heated from 150°C to 350°C at a ramp rate of 10°C/min in an oxidizing environment such as air. For mass loss determination purposes, only data collected from 150°C to 350°C are considered. In some embodiments, the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/ minute. In other embodiments, the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 3% or even less than about 2% when heated, from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed. about 10 °C/minute. In some other embodiments, the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 1.5% when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C /minute. In some other embodiments, the low friction coating loses substantially none of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[00163] Mass loss results are based on a process where the weight of a coated glass container is compared before and after a heat treatment, such as a ramp temperature of 10 °/minute from 150 ° C to 350 °C as described herein. The weight difference between the heat pre-treatment and the after-heat treatment of the bottle is the coating weight loss, which can be standardized as a percentage of the coating weight loss such that the heat pre-treatment of coating weight (weight not including in the glass body of the container and after the preliminary heating step) is known by comparing the weight of an uncoated glass container with a pre-treatment coated glass container. Alternatively, the total mass of the coating can be determined by a total organic carbon test or other similar means.
[00164] Degassing refers to a measurable property of the coated glass container 100 that relates to the amount of volatiles released from the coated glass container 100 when the coated glass container is exposed to an elevated temperature selected for a selected time period. Degassing measurements are reported herein as an amount by weight of volatiles released per unit surface area of the glass container having the coating during exposure to an elevated temperature over a period of time. Since the glass body of the coated glass container does not exhibit measurable degassing at the temperatures reported for the gas outlet, the test gas outlet, as described in detail above, produces degassing data for substantially only the low coating. friction, which is applied to the glass container. Degassing results are based on a process in which a coated glass container 100 is placed in a glass sample chamber 402 of apparatus 400 depicted in FIG. 10. A sample from the empty sample chamber is taken before each sample run. The sample chamber is carried out under a constant air purge of 100 ml/min as measured by the rotameter 406, while the oven 404 is heated to 350 °C and held at that temperature for 1 hour to collect the sample from the bottom of the chamber. Thereafter, the coated glass container 100 is positioned in the sample chamber 402 and the sample chamber is held at a constant of 100 ml/min and heated air purge to an elevated temperature and maintained at that temperature for a period of time. to collect a sample from a 100 coated glass container. The 402 sample chamber is made of Pyrex glass, which limits the maximum temperature of the analysis to 600°C. A Carbotrap 300 adsorbent 408 is mounted over the exhaust port of the sample chamber to adsorb the resulting volatile species as they are released from the sample and are drawn through the absorbent resin by the air purge gas 410, where the volatile species are absorbed. The absorbent resin is then placed directly into a Gerstel thermal desorption unit, directly coupled to a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II / Hewlett Packard 5989 MS engine gas chromatograph. Degassing species are thermally desorbed at 350°C from the adsorbent resin and cryogenically focused on the head of a non-polar gas chromatographic column (DB-5MS). The temperature inside the gas chromatograph is increased at a rate of 10 °C/min to a final temperature of 325 °C, in order to predict the separation and purification of volatile and semi-volatile organic species. The separation mechanism has been shown to be based on the vaporization heats of different organic species resulting in essentially a boiling point or chromatogram distillation. After separation, purified species are analyzed by traditional ionization electron impact mass spectrometry protocols. Operating under standard conditions, the resulting mass spectrum can be compared to existing mass spectrometry libraries.
[00165] In some embodiments, the coated glass containers described herein have a gas output of less than or equal to about 54.6 ng/cm 2 , less than or equal to about 27.3 ng /cm 2, or even less than or equal to about 5.5 ng/cm during exposure to an elevated temperature of about 250°C, about 275°C, at about 300°C, to about 320°C, to about 360°C, or up to about 400°C for time periods of about 15 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 45 minutes, or about 1 hour. Furthermore, coated glass containers can be thermally stable over a certain temperature range, which means that the coated containers exhibit a certain degassing, as described above, at all temperatures within the specified range. Prior to degassing measurements, the coated glass containers may be as-coated as a condition (i.e., immediately after application of the low-friction coating), or after any of the depyrogenation, lyophilization, or autoclaving processes. In some embodiments, the coated glass container 100 may exhibit substantially no degassing.
[00166] In some embodiments, the degassing data can be used to determine the mass loss of the low friction coating. The heat pretreatment coating mass can be determined by the coating thickness (determined SEM image or otherwise), the low friction coating density, and the coating surface area. Thereafter, the coated glass container can be subjected to the degassing procedure, and the mass loss can be determined by finding the ratio of the mass expelled at the gas outlet for the preheat mass treatment.
[00167] With reference to FIG. 11, the transparency and color of the coated container can be assessed by measuring the light transmission of the container within a wavelength range between 400-700 nm using a spectrophotometer. Measurements are carried out in such a way that a beam of light is directed towards the normally towards the wall of the container, such that the beam passes through the low friction coating twice, first entering the container and then when he leaves. In some embodiments, light transmission through the coated glass container can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass container of wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm. As described herein, light transmission can be measured before a heat treatment or after a heat treatment, such as the heat treatments described herein. For example, for each wavelength from about 400 nm to about 700 nm, light transmission can be greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass container. In other embodiments, light transmission through the coated glass container is greater than or equal to about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or even about 90% of the light is transmitted through an uncoated glass container at wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[00168] As described herein, a light transmission can be measured before an environmental treatment, such as a heat treatment described herein, or after an environmental treatment. For example, following a heat treatment of about 260 °C, at about 270 °C, at about 280 °C, at about 290 °C, at about 300 °C, at about 310 °C , at about 320 °C, at about 330 °C, at about 340 °C, at about 350 °C, at about 360 °C, at about 370 °C, at about 380 °C, at about at 390°C, or about 400°C, for a time period of 30 minutes, or after exposure to freeze-drying conditions, or after exposure to autoclave conditions, light transmission through the glass-lined container is greater than or equal to about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or even about 90% of a light transmission through a uncoated glass vessel of wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[00169] In some embodiments, the coated glass container of 100 may be perceived as being colorless and transparent to the naked eye when viewed from any angle. In some other embodiments, the low friction coating 120 may have a noticeable hue, such as when the low friction coating 120 comprises a polyamide formed from poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxidianiline) acid commercially available from Aldrich.
[00170] In some embodiments, the coated glass container 100 may have a low friction coating 120 that is capable of receiving an adhesive label. That is, the coated glass container 100 can receive an adhesive label on the coated surface so that the adhesive label is firmly attached. However, the ability to attach an adhesive label is not a requirement for all embodiments of the coated glass containers 100 described herein. Examples
[00171] The embodiments of various glass containers with low friction coating will be further clarified by the following examples. The examples are illustrative in nature, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Example 1
[00172] Glass vials were formed from Schott Type IB glass and the glass composition identified as "Example E" from Table 1 of US Patent Application Serial No. 13/660894, filed October 25, 2012 and entitled "Glass Compositions with Improved Chemical and Mechanical Durability" attributed to Corning, Incorporated (hereinafter referred to as "the Reference Glass Composition"). The vials were washed with deionized water, blow-dried with nitrogen, and dip-coated with a 0.1% solution of APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane). The APS coating was dried at 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped into a 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid in a 15/85 solution of toluene/DMF or into a 0.1% to 1% polyamic acid solution (pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'- oxidianiline) (precursor Kapton) to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The coated vials were heated to 150 °C and held for 20 minutes to evaporate solvents. Subsequently, the coatings were cured by placing the coated vials in an oven preheated to 300°C for 30 minutes. After curing, the bottles coated with the 0.1% Novastrat® 800 solution had no visible color. However, the vials coated with the poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'oxydianiline) solution were visibly yellow. Both coatings exhibited a low coefficient of friction in bottle-to-bottle contact tests. Example 2
Glass vials formed from Schott Type IB glass vials (as received/uncoated) and vials coated with a low friction coating were compared to assess loss of mechanical strength due to abrasion. The coated vials were produced by first ion exchange reinforcement of glass vials produced from the reference glass composition. Ion exchange boosting was performed in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450°C for 8 hours. Thereafter, the vials were washed with deionized water, blow-dried with nitrogen, and dip-coated with a 0.1% solution of APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane). The APS coating was dried at 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped into a 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid solution in a 15/85 toluene/DMF solution. The coated vials were heated to 150 °C and held for 20 minutes to evaporate solvents. Subsequently, the coatings were cured by placing the coated vials in an oven preheated to 300°C for 30 minutes. The coated vials were then soaked in 70°C of deionized water for 1 hour and heated in air at 320°C for 2 hours to simulate actual processing conditions.
[00174] Abraded vials formed from Type IB Schott glass and abraded vials formed from ion exchange and reinforced with a Reference Glass Composition coating was tested in a horizontal compression test (i.e., a plate was placed over the top of the vial and a plate was placed under the bottom of the vial and the plates were pressed together and the load applied to the gap was determined with a load cell). Fig. 12 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of load applied in a horizontal compression test for vials formed from a glass composition, reference vials formed from a reference glass composition under coated and abrasion conditions , formed from Schott Type IB vials, and glass vials formed from Schott Type IB glass in a worn condition. The burst loads of the abraded vials are graphically on the Weibull plots. Example vials formed from Schott Type IB glass and abraded vials formed from ion exchange and reinforced coated glass were then placed in the vial-to-vial jig of FIG. 9 to shade the vials and determine the coefficient of friction between the vials that have been rubbed over a contact area with a diameter of 0.3 millimeters. The load on the vials during the test was applied with a UMT machine and ranged between 24 N and 44 N. The applied loads and the corresponding maximum coefficient of friction are reported in the Table contained in FIG. 13. For the uncoated vials, the maximum coefficient of friction ranged 0.54-0.71 (shown in FIG. 13 samples as vial "3 & 4" and "7 & 8", respectively) and at the same time for the In coated vials the maximum coefficient of friction ranged from 0.19 to 0.41 (shown in FIG. as 13 samples from vials "15 & 16" and "12 and 14", respectively). After that, the bottles were scratched in the horizontal compression test to assess the loss of mechanical strength in relation to the abraded bottles. The breaking loads applied to the abraded vials are graphically represented in the Weibull FIG plots. 12.
[00175] As shown in FIG. 12, uncoated bottles had a significant decrease in force after abrasion, whereas coated bottles had a relatively smaller decrease in force after abrasion. Based on these results, it is believed that the coefficient of friction between the bottles should be less than 0.7 or 0.5, or even less than 0.45, in order to minimize the loss of abrasion resistance from one bottle to another. Example 3
[00176] In this example, several sets of glass tubes were tested at four bending points to assess their advantages. A first set of tubes, formed from the reference glass composition, was tested at four bending points, in the as-received condition (uncoated, non-ion exchange coated). A second set of tubes formed from the reference glass. Composition was tested at four bending points after being reinforced by ion exchange in 100% KN0 3 bath at 450°C for 8 hours. A third set of tubes formed from the reference glass composition was tested at four points of bending after being ion exchange reinforced in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450°C for 8 hours, and coated with 0.1 % APS/0.1% Novastrat® 800 as described in Example 2. The coated tubes were also soaked in 70 °C deionized water for 1 hour and heated in air at 320 °C for 2 hours to simulate the real processing conditions. These coated tubes were also sanded in the bottle-to-bottle template shown in FIG. 9 under a load of 30 N, before doubling the test. A fourth set of tubes formed from the reference glass composition was tested at four bending points after being reinforced powder ion exchange in 100% KNO 3 bath at 450°C for 1 hour. These uncoated, reinforced ion-exchange tubes were also ground in the vial-to-vial jig, shown in FIG. 9 under a load of 30 N, before doubling the test. A fifth set of tubes, formed from Schott Type IB glass was tested at four bending points in the as-received condition (uncoated, non-ion exchange reinforced). A sixth set of tubes formed from Schott Type IB glass was tested at four bending points after being reinforced by ion exchange in 100% KNO3 bath at 450°C for 1 hour. The test results are graphically represented on the Weibull plots shown in FIG. 14.
[00177] Referring to FIG. 14, the second set of tubes, which were non-abrasive and formed from the reference glass composition and reinforced by ion exchange resisted to the highest stress before breaking. The third set of tubes, which were coated with 0.1% APS/0.1% Novastrat® 800 prior to abrasion, showed a slight decrease in strength relative to their uncoated, non-abrasive equivalents (eg, the second set of tubes). However, the reduction in strength was relatively small despite being subjected to abrasion wear after coating. Example 4
[00178] Two sets of vials were prepared and run through a pharmaceutical filling line. A pressure sensitive tape (commercially available from Fujifilm) was inserted between the vials to measure the contact/impact forces between the vials and between the test tubes and the equipment. The first set of vials was formed from the reference glass composition and was uncoated. The second set of vials was formed from the reference glass composition and was coated with a low friction polyimide basecoat, which has a coefficient of friction of about 0.25, as described above. Pressure sensitive tapes were analyzed after the vials were run through the pharmaceutical filling line and it was shown that the coated vials from the second set exhibited a 2-3 fold reduction in tension compared to the uncoated vials from the first set. Example 5
[00179] Three sets of four vials each were prepared. All vials were formed from the reference glass composition. The first set of vials was coated with the 800 APS/Novastrat® coating as described in Example 2. The second set of vials was dip coated with 0.1% DC806A in toluene. The solvent was evaporated at 50°C and the coating was cured at 300°C for 30 min. Each set of vials was placed in a tube and heated at 320°C for 2.5 hours under an air purge to remove traces of contaminants adsorbed onto the vials in the laboratory environment. Each set of samples was then heated in the tube for an additional 30 minutes and the degassed volatiles were captured on an adsorbent activated carbon collector. The vials were heated at 350°C for 30 minutes to desorb any captured material that was fed to a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Fig. 15 presents gas chromatograph mass spectrometer output data for the APS/Novastrat800 ® coating. Fig. 16 shows the gas chromatography mass spectrometer output data for the coating DC806A. No gas output was detected from the 0.1% APS/0.1% coating 800 Novastrat® or the coating DC806A.
[00180] A set of four vials was coated with a tie-layer using 0.5%/0.5%/GAPS/APhTMS solution in methanol/water mixture. Each bottle had a coated surface area of about 18.3 cm. The solvent was allowed to evaporate at 120°C for 15 minutes from the coated vials. Then about 0.5% to 800 Novastrat® solutions in dimethylacetamide were applied over the samples. The solvent was evaporated at 150 °C for 20 min. These uncured vials were subjected to a degassing test described above. The flasks were heated to 320 °C in a current of air (100 mL/min) and after reaching 320 °C, the degassing volatiles were captured in an activated carbon sorbent trap every 15 min. The traps were then heated to 350 °C for 30 minutes to desorb any captured material that was fed to a gas chromatography mass spectrometer. kept at 320 °C. Time zero corresponds to the time the sample first reached a temperature of 320 °C. As can be seen in Table 1, after 30 minutes of heating the amount of volatiles decreases below the detection limit of the 100 ng instrument. Table 1 also reports the volatiles lost per square centimeter of coated surface.
Example 6
[00181] A plurality of vials were prepared with various coatings based on silicone resin or polyimides with and without coupling agents. When coupling agents were used, the coupling agents included APS and GAPS (3-aminopropyltrialkoxysilane), which is a precursor for APS. The topcoat layer was prepared from 800 Novastrat®, the poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'oxydianiline) described above, or silicone resins such as DC806A and DC255. APS/Kapton coatings were prepared using a 0.1% APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane) solution and a 0.1%, 0.5%>1.0% solution or solutions of poly(pyromellitic dianhydride- co-4,4'-oxidianiline)amic acid (precursor Kapton) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Kapton coatings were also applied without a coupling agent, using a 1.0% solution of poly( pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'oxidianiline) in NMP. Coatings of APS/Novastrat® 800 were prepared using a 0.1% solution of APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane) and a 0.1% solution of Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid in a 15/85 toluene/DMF solution. DC255 coatings were applied directly to the glass without a coupling agent, using a 1.0% solution of DC255 in toluene. Coatings of APS/DC806A were prepared by first applying a 0.1% solution of APS in water and then either a 0.1% solution or a 0.5% solution) of DC806A in toluene. GAP/DC806A coatings were applied by means of a 1.0% solution of gaps in 95% by weight ethanol in water as coupling agent and then a 1.0% solution of DC806A in toluene. The coupling agents and coatings were applied using the dip coating methods as described herein, with the coupling agents being heat treated after application of silicone resin and polyimide coatings and being dried and cured after application. . Coating thicknesses were estimated from the concentrations of the solutions used. The table shown in FIG. 17 lists the different coating compositions, estimated coating thicknesses and test conditions.
[00182] Then, some of the vials were tipped to simulate coating damage and the others were subjected to abrasion with less than 30 N and 50 N loads on the vial-to-ampule template depicted in FIG. 9 Then, all vials were subjected to lyophilization (cold drying process), in which the vials were filled with 0.5 mL of sodium chloride solution and then frozen at -100 °C. lyophilization was then carried out for 20 hours at -15 °C, under vacuum. The vials were inspected with optical quality control equipment and under a microscope. No damage to the coatings was observed due to freeze drying. Example 7
[00183] Three sets of six vials were prepared to evaluate the effect of increasing load on the coefficient of friction for uncoated vials and vials coated with Dow Corning DC 255 silicone resin. A first vial set was formed from Type 1B glass and left uncoated. The second set of vials was formed from the glass and reference composition coated with a 1% solution of toluene in DC255 and cured at 300 °C for 30 min. The third set of vials were formed from Schott Type IB glass and coated with a 1% solution of DC255 in toluene. The vials from each set were placed in the vial-by-ampule template depicted in FIG. 9 and the coefficient of friction relative to a similar coated vial was measured during abrasion under static loads of 10N, 30N and 50N. The results are graphically reported in FIG. 18. As shown in FIG. 18, coated vials show substantially lower coefficients of friction compared to uncoated vials upon abrasion under the same conditions, irrespective of the composition of the glass. Example 8
[00184] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS/Kapton coating. First, each of the vials was coated by immersion in a 0.1% APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane) solution. The APS coating was dried at 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped into a 0.1% solution of poly(4,4'-dianhydride pyromellitic oxidianiline)amic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Subsequently, the coatings were cured by placing the coated vials in an oven preheated to 300°C for 30 minutes.
[00185] Two vials were placed in the vial-by-ampule template depicted in FIG. 9 and 10, and subjected to abrasion under 10 N sw load. The abrasion procedure was repeated 4 more times over the same area and the coefficient of friction was determined for each abrasion. The bottles were extinguished between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in a previously unworn area. However, each abrasion traveled along the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The coefficients of friction of each abrasion (ie, of Al-A5) are graphically represented in FIG. 19 for each charge. As shown in FIG. 19, the coefficient of friction of the coated APS/Kapton bottles was generally less than 0.30 for all abrasions at all loads. The examples demonstrate an improvement in abrasion resistance for the polyimide coating when applied to a glass surface treated with a coupling agent. Example 9
[00186] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS coating. Each of the vials was coated by immersion in a 0.1% APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane) solution and heated to 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. Two vials were placed in a vial-ampoule attachment device depicted in FIG. 9 and worn under a load of 10 N. The abrasion procedure was repeated 4 more times over the same area and the coefficient of friction was determined for each abrasion. The bottles were extinguished between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in a previously unworn area. However, each abrasion traveled along the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The coefficients of friction of each abrasion (ie, A1-A5) are graphically represented in FIG. 20 for each charge. As shown in FIG. 20, the coefficient of friction of coated-only APS vials is generally greater than 0.3 and often reached 0.6 or even greater. Example 10
[00187] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS/Kapton coating. Each of the vials was coated by immersion in a 0.1% APS (ammopropylsilsesquioxanoe) solution. The APS coating was heated to 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The vials were then dipped into a 0.1% solution of poly(4,4'-dianhydride pyromellitic oxidianiline)amic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Subsequently, the coatings were cured by placing the coated vials in the preheated oven at a temperature of 300°C for 30 minutes. The coated vials were then depyrogenated (heated) at 300°C for 12 hours.
[00188] Two vials were placed in the vial-by-ampule template depicted in FIG. 9 and worn under a load of 10 N. The wear procedure was repeated 4 more times over the same area and the coefficient of friction was determined for each abrasion. The bottles were extinguished between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was positioned in a previously worn area and each abrasion was performed on the same "band". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The coefficients of friction of each abrasion (ie, A1-A5) are graphically represented in FIG. 21, for each charge. As shown in FIG. 21, the coefficients of friction of the coated APS/Kapton vials were generally uniform and about 0.20 or less for abrasions introduced at loads of 10 N and 30 N. However, when the applied load was increased to 50 N, the coefficient of friction increased for each successive abrasion, with the fifth abrasion having a coefficient of friction slightly less than 0.40. Example 11
[00189] Three sets of two glass vials were prepared with an APS (aminopropylsilsesquioxane) coating. Each of the vials was coated by immersion in a 0.1% APS solution and heated to 100°C in a convection oven for 15 minutes. The coated vials were then depyrogenated (warmed) at 300°C for 12 hours. Two vials were placed in a vial-by-vial fixture depicted in FIG. 9 and abraded under an abrasion under 10N load. The abrasion procedure was repeated 4 more times over the same area and the coefficient of friction was determined for each abrasion. The bottles were extinguished between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was positioned in a previously worn area and each abrasion traveled along the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The coefficients of friction for each of the abrasion procedures (ie, A1-A5) are graphically represented in FIG. 22, for each charge. As shown in FIG. 22, the coefficients of friction of the coated APS depyrogenated vials for 12 hours were significantly higher than the coated APS vials as shown in FIG. 20 and were similar to the coefficient of friction values exhibited by uncoated glass vials, indicating that the vials may have experienced a significant loss of mechanical strength due to abrasion. Example 12
[00190] Three sets of two glass vials formed from Schott Type IB glass were prepared with a Kapton coating. Vials were dipped in 0.1% poly(pyromellitic dianhydride-co-4,4'-oxidianiline) a solution of amic acid (Kapton precursor) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Subsequently, the coatings were dried at 150 °C for 20 min and then cured by placing the coated vials in the preheated oven at a temperature of 300 °C for 30 minutes.
[00191] Two vials were placed in the vial-by-vial template depicted in FIG. 9 and placed under, an abrasion under 10N load. The abrasion procedure was repeated 4 more times over the same area and the coefficient of friction was determined for each abrasion. The bottles were extinguished between abrasions and the starting point of each abrasion was placed in a previously unworn area. However, each abrasion traveled along the same "track". The same procedure was repeated for the 30 N and 50 N loads. The coefficients of friction of each abrasion (ie, of Al-A5) are graphically represented in FIG. 23 for each charge. As shown in FIG. 23, the coefficients of friction of coated Kapton bottles generally increased after the first demonstration of poor abrasion resistance to abrasion from a polyimide coating applied over a glass without a coupling agent. Example 13
The APS/Novastrat® 800 coated vials of Example 6 were tested for their coefficient of friction after lyophilization using a vial-by-vial depicted in fig. 9, with a load of 30 N. No increase in the coefficient of friction was detected after freeze drying. Fig. 24 contains tables showing the coefficient of friction for APS/Sem vastrat® 800 coated vials before and after lyophilization. Example 14
[00193] The reference composition glass vials were ion exchanged and coated as described in Example 2. The vials were autoclaved coated using the following protocol: 10 minutes of steam purge at 100 °C, followed by a period of 20 minutes housing in which the coated glass container 100 is exposed to an environment of 121°C, followed by 30 minutes of treatment at 121°C. The coefficient of friction for vials sterilized in an autoclave and not autoclaved was measured using a vial jig - a - vial shown in FIG. 9 with 30 N of charge. Fig. 26 shows the coefficient of friction for APS/Sem vastrat® 800 coated bottles before and after autoclaving. No increase in the coefficient of friction was detected after autoclaving. Example 15
[00194] Three sets of vials were prepared to assess the effectiveness of the coatings in order to check for damage to the vials. A first set of vials was coated with an outer polyamide coating then with a layer of intermediate coupling agent. The outer layer consists of Novastrat® 800 polyimide, which was applied as a polyamic acid solution of dimethylacetamide and imidized by heating to 300 °C. The coupling agent layer consisted of EPA and aminophenyltrimethoxysilane (APhTMS) in a ratio of 1 : 8. These vials were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 °C. As with the first set of vials, the second set of vials was coated with a polyamide outer coating layer with a layer of intermediate coupling agent. The second set of vials was depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320°C and then autoclaved for 1 hour at 121°C. A third set of vials was left uncoated. Each set of vials was then subjected to a vial-to-vial friction test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction for each set of vials is reported in FIG. 27. Photographs of the vial surface showing damage (or the absence of damage) experienced by each vial is also shown in FIG. 27 As shown in FIG. 27, uncoated tubes generally had a coefficient of friction greater than about 0.7. The uncoated vials also had any visually noticeable damage as a result of the test. However, the coated vials had a coefficient of friction of less than 0.45, without any visually noticeable surface damage.
[00195] The coated vials were also subjected to depyrogenation as described above, autoclave conditions, or both.Fig. 25 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for the vials. There was no statistical difference between depyrogenated vials and depyrogenated and autoclaved ampoules. Example 16
[00196] Referring now to FIG. 28, bottles were prepared with three different coating compositions to assess the effect of different proportions of silanes on the coefficient of friction of the applied coating. The first coating composition includes a coupling agent layer having a 1:1 ratio of GAPS to aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane and an outer coating layer consisting of 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The second coating composition includes a coupling agent layer having a ratio of 1:0.5 to GAPS aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane and an outer coating layer consisting of 1.0% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The coating composition includes a third layer of coupling agent which has a 1:0.2 ratio of aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane GAPS and an outer coating layer which consists of 1.0% polyimide Novastrat® 800. All vials were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 °C After that, the bottles were subjected to a bottle-to-bottle friction test under loads of 20 N and 30 N. The average normal applied force, the coefficient of friction, and a maximum friction force (Fx) for each vial, is reported in FIG. 28 As shown in FIG. 28, decreasing the amount of aromatic silane (ie, aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane) increases the coefficient of friction between the vials, as well as the frictional force experienced by the vials. Example 17
[00197] Vials formed from type IB ion exchange glass were prepared with low friction coatings having different proportions of silanes.
[00198] The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a coupling agent layer, formed from 0.125% APS and 1.0% (aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 8, and an outer coating layer formed from 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the coefficient of friction and frictional force of the bottles before and after depyrogenization. Specifically, the coated bottles were subjected to a bottle-to-bottle frictional force test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction and frictional force were measured and are graphically represented in FIG. 29, as a function of time. A second set of ampoules were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 °C and subjected to the same vial-to-vial frictional strength test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction remained the same, both before and after depyrogenization, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the area in contact with the glass is also shown.
[00199] The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a layer of coupling agent, formed from 0.0625% and 0.5% APS (aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 8, and a layer of outer coating formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the coefficient of friction and frictional force of the bottles before and after depyrogenization. Specifically, the coated bottles were subjected to a bottle-to-bottle frictional force test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction and frictional force were measured and are graphically represented in FIG. 37, as a function of time. A second set of ampoules were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320 °C and subjected to the same vial-to-vial frictional strength test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction remained the same, both before and after depyrogenization, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the area in contact with the glass is also shown.
[00200] FIG. 38 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for vials with low friction coatings formed from 0.125% APS and 1.0% (aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1: 8, and a top coat formed from 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyimide (indicated as "260" in Figure 38.), and formed from 0.0625% and 0.5% APS (aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane APhTMS ), having a ratio of 1:8, and an outer coating layer formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide (shown as "280" in FIG. 38). A photograph of the area in contact with the glass is also shown. The data show that the breaking load remains unchanged from uncoated to coated, depyrogenated, and scratched glass samples demonstrating protection from coating damage.
[00201] The vials were prepared with low friction coatings with different proportions of silanes. The samples were prepared with a composition that includes a coupling agent layer formed between 0.5% Dynasylan® Hydrosil 1.151 and 0.5% (aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane APhTMS), having a ratio of 1:1, and an outer coating layer formed from 0.05% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. The thermal stability of the applied coating was evaluated by determining the coefficient of friction and frictional force of the bottles before and after depyrogenization. Specifically, the coated bottles were subjected to a bottle-to-bottle frictional force test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction and frictional force were measured and are graphically represented in FIG. 39 as a function of time. A second set of vials were depyrogenated for 12 hours at 320°C and subjected to the same vial-to-vial frictional force test under a load of 30 N. The coefficient of friction remained the same both before and after depyrogenization, indicating that the coatings were thermally stable. A photograph of the area in contact with the glass is also shown. This suggests that aminosilane hydrolysates, such as aminosilsesquioxanes, are useful for coating formulations.
[00202] The thermal stability of the applied coating was also evaluated for a number of depyrogenation conditions. Specifically, ion-exchanged type IB glass vials were prepared with a composition that includes a coupling agent layer that has a 1:1 ratio of holes (0.5%) to aminophenyltrimethyloxysilane (0.5%) and a layer coating consisting of 0.5% Novastrat® 800 polyimide. Sample vials were subjected to one of the following depyrogenation cycles: 12 hours at 320 °C; 24 hours at 320°C; 12 hours at 360°C; or 24 hours at 360°C. The coefficient of friction and frictional force were measured using a vial-to-vial frictional force test and plotted against time for each depyrogenation condition, as shown in FIG. 30. As shown in FIG. 30, the coefficient of friction of the vials did not vary with depyrogenation conditions, indicating that the coating was thermally stable. Fig. 40 graphically represents the coefficient of friction after various heat treatment times at 360 °C and 320 °C. Example 18
Vials were coated as described in Example 2 with an 800 APS/Novastrat coating. The light transmission of the coated test tubes as well as the uncoated vials was measured within a wavelength range between 400-700 nm using a spectrophotometer. Measurements are carried out in such a way that a beam of light is normally directed to the wall of the container, such that the beam passes through the low friction coating twice, first entering the container and then when He leaves. Fig. 11 graphically represents the light transmission data for coated and uncoated vials measured in the visible light spectrum 400-700 nm. Line 440 shows an uncoated glass container and line 442 shows a coated glass container. Example 19
[00204] The vials were coated with a 0.25% GAPS/0.25% coupling agent and 1.0% APhTMS Novastrat® 800 polyimide and were tested for light transmission before and after depyrogenization at 320 °C for 12 hours. An unlined bottle was also tested. The results are shown in FIG. 46. Example 20
[00205] In order to improve the uniformity of the polyimide coating, Novastrat® 800 polyamic acid was converted into polyamic acid salt and dissolved in methanol, significantly faster solvent evaporation to dimethylacetamide, by adding 4 g of triethylamine in 1 L of methanol and then adding 800 Novastrat® polyamic acid to form a 0.1% solution.
[00206] Coating on IB ion exchange flasks formed from 1.0% GAPS/1.0% APhTMS in methanol/water mixture and 0.1% Novastrat® 800 polyamine acid salt in methanol. Coated vials were depyrogenated for 12h at 360°C and non-depyrogenated and depyrogenated samples were streaked vial-to-vial at 10, 20, and 30 N normal loads. No damage was observed at normal forces of 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N. FIG. 1 shows the coefficient of friction, force and frictional force applied to the samples after a heat treatment at 360°C for 12 hours. Fig. 42 graphically represents the probability of failure as a function of the load applied in a horizontal compression test for the samples. Statistically series of samples at 10N, 20N and 30N are indistinguishable from each other. The low breaking load samples broke with origins situated outside zero.
[00207] Layer thicknesses were estimated using scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry (SEM), shown in FIG. 43-45, respectively. Samples for coating thickness measurements were produced using silicon wafers (ellipsometry) and glass slides (SEM). The methods show thicknesses ranging from 55-180 nm for the silsesquioxane layer -35 and 800 nm trat® polyamine acid salt. Example 21
[00208] Pieces of clean Si plasma wafers were coated with mixture of 0.5% GAPS, 0.5% solution in 7525 APhTMS methanol/water vol/vol. The coating was exposed to 120°C for 15 minutes. Coating thickness was determined using ellipsometry. Three samples were prepared, and had a thickness of 92.1 nm, 151.7 nm, and 110.2 nm, respectively, with a standard deviation of 30.6 nm.
[00209] Slides were coated and examined with a scanning electron microscope. Fig. 43 shows an SEM imaging glass slide dipped in a 1.0%, 1.0% GAPS APhTMS and 0.3% coating solution with an 8 mm/sec out after a cure rate at 150 °C for 15 minutes. The coating appears to be about 93 nm thick. Fig. 44 shows an SEM imaging glass slide dipped in a 1.0%, 1.0% GAPS APhTMS and 0.3 NMP coating solution at a 4 mm/sec cure rate at 150 °C during 15 minutes. The coating appears to be about 55 nm thick. Fig. 45 shows an SEM imaging glass slide dipped in a coating solution of 0.5 Novastrat® 800 solution with at 2 mm/s, cure rate at 150 °C for 15 minutes and heat treatment at 320 °C for 30 minutes. The coating appears to be about 35 nm thick. Comparative Example A
[00210] Glass vials formed from a type IB glass, were coated with a dilute silicone coating of Bayer's aqueous emulsion of Baysilone M with a content of about 1-2% solids. The vials were treated at 150 °C for 2 hours to expel water from the surface, leaving a coating of polydimethylsiloxane on the outer surface of the glass. The nominal thickness of the layer was about 200 nm. A first set of vials was kept in the untreated state (i.e., the "as-coated vials"). A second set of vials were treated at 280°C for 30 minutes (ie, the "treated vials"). Some of the vials in each set were mechanically tested by applying a zero charge, with a linear increase from 0-48N and a length of approximately 20 mm using a UMT-2 tribometer. The scratches were evaluated for the coefficient of friction and morphology to determine whether the scratching procedure for damaged glass or whether the glass coating protected from damage due to scratches.
FIG. 33 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) versus the length of applied zero (x-ordinate) for the as-coated vials. As graphically illustrated in FIG. 33, as the coated vials had a coefficient of friction of about 0.03 up to loads of about 30N. The data shows that below about 30N the COF is always less than 0.1. However, at normal forces greater than 30 N, the coating began to fail, as indicated by the presence of glass and checking along the zero length. Glass check is indicative of damage to the glass surface and an increased probability of glass failing as a result of the damage.
[00212] FIG. 34 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, normal applied force, and friction force (y-ordinate) versus the length of applied zero (x-ordinate) for the treated vials. For the treated vials, the coefficient of friction remains low until the applied load reached a value of about 5 N. At that point, the coating began to fail and the glass surface was severely damaged, as is evident from the increase in amount of glass control with which the increase in load occurred. The coefficient of friction of the treated vials increased to about 0.5. However, the coating does not protect the glass surface at 30 N loads after thermal exposure, indicating that the coating was not thermally stable.
[00213] The vials were then tested by applying 30 N static charges over the entire length of the 20 mm root. Ten samples from coated vials and ten samples from treated vials were tested in horizontal compression by applying a static load of 30 N along the entire length of the 20 mm root. None of the samples as coated failed to zero, while six of the 10 treated vials failed to zero indicating that the treated vials had lower retention resistance. Comparative Example B
A solution of Wacker SILRES MP50 (part # 60078465 Lot # EB21192) was diluted to 2% and applied to form vials from the reference glass composition. Vials were first cleaned by applying plasma for 10 seconds before coating. The vials were dried at 315°C for 15 minutes to remove water from the coating. A first set of vials was kept in an "as-coated" state. A second set of vials were treated for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 250°C to 320°C (ie, "treated vials"). Some of the vials in each set were mechanically tested by applying a zero charge, with a linear increase from 0-48N and a length of approximately 20 mm using a UMT-2 tribometer. The scratches were evaluated for the coefficient of friction and morphology to determine whether the scratching procedure for damaged glass or whether the glass coating protected from damage due to scratches.
[00215] FIG. 35 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, normal applied force, and friction force (y-ordinate) versus length of applied zero (x-ordinate) for the as-coated vials. The vials as coated exhibited coating damage but no damage to the glass.
[00216] FIG. 36 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction, zero penetration, applied normal force, and friction force (y-ordinate) versus length of applied zero (x-ordinate) for vials treated at 280°C. Treated vials showed damage to the glass surface, significant at applied loads greater than about 20N. It was also determined that the damage glass load value decreased with increasing thermal exposure temperature, indicating that the coatings degrade with increasing temperature (i.e., the coating is not thermally stable). Samples treated at temperatures below 280°C showed glass damage at loads above 30N. Comparative Example C
[00217] The vials formed from the reference glass composition were treated with Evonik Silikophen 40 P/W diluted to 2% solids in water. The samples were then dried at 150 °C for 15 minutes and subsequently cured at 315°C for 15 minutes. A first set of vials was kept in an "as-coated" state. A second set of vials was treated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 260°C (ie, "at 260°C, treated vials"). A third set of vials was treated for 30 minutes at a temperature of 280°C (ie, "at 280°C, treated vials"). The vials were streaked with a static charge of 30N using the test template shown in fig. 9 The vials were then tested for horizontal compression. The 260°C treated vials and the 280°C treated vials failed on compression, while 2 of 16 of the vials as coated failed at zero. This indicates that the coating degraded after exposure to elevated temperatures and, as a result, the coating did not adequately protect the surface from the 30 N charge.
[00218] Based on the foregoing, it should now be understood that the various aspects of coated glass articles are disclosed herein. According to a first aspect, a coated glass article comprises: a glass body comprising a first surface; and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprises a chemical composition of the polymer, wherein: the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about of 260°C or even 280°C for 30 minutes. The term thermally stable means that (1) a coefficient of friction of an abrasive surface of the portion of the outer surface with the low friction coating is less than 0.7, after exposure to the specified elevated temperature for 30 minutes and under a 30 N abrasion load and has no observable damage and (2) a retention strength of the horizontal compression coated glass article does not decrease by more than about 20% after exposure to an elevated temperature of 280°C for 30 minutes under a load of 30 N abrasion . In some embodiments of this first aspect, a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about about 55%. 400 nm to about 700 nm. In some embodiments of this first aspect, the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10 ° C/minute.
[00219] In a second aspect, a coated glass article comprises a glass body comprising a first surface; and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprising: a polymer of chemical composition; and a coupling agent comprising at least one of: a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerizing at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, wherein: the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions; the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260°C for 30 minutes; a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm; and the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[00220] In a third aspect, a coated glass article comprises a glass body comprising a first surface; a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprising: a coupling agent comprising an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions, wherein the oligomer is a composition chemical and silsesquioxane, at least one of the silane chemical compositions comprises at least one aromatic moiety and at least one amine group; and a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer chemical composition, and a second diamine monomer chemical composition, and a dianhydride monomer chemical composition, wherein the first monomer chemical composition diamine is different than the second chemical composition of diamine monomers.
[00221] In a fourth aspect, a coated glass article comprises a glass body comprising a first surface; and a low friction coating positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprises a chemical composition of the polymer, wherein: the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 300 °C for 30 minutes; and a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[00222] In a fifth aspect, the coated glass article may comprise: a glass body comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the first surface is the outer surface of a glass container; and a low friction coating bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprises a chemical composition of the polymer, wherein: the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about of 280 °C for 30 minutes; and a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[00223] In a sixth aspect, a coated glass article may comprise: a body of glass comprising a first surface; and a low friction coating bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating comprising: a layer of coupling agent positioned on the first surface of the glass body, the layer of coupling agent which comprises a coupling agent, the coupling agent comprising at least one of: a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition ; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, from a polymer layer positioned over the coupling agent layer, the polymer layer comprising a composition polyimide chemistry; and wherein: the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions; the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 280°C for 30 minutes; and a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
[00224] In a seventh aspect, a coated glass article may comprise: a body of glass comprising a first surface; a low friction coating bonded to at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body, the low friction coating, comprising: a coupling agent layer comprising a coupling agent, the coupling agent comprising an oligomer of one or more silane chemical compositions, wherein the oligomer is a silsesquioxane chemical composition and at least one of the silane chemical compositions comprises at least one aromatic moiety and at least one amine group; a polymer layer, the polymer layer comprising a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of at least a first diamine monomer chemical composition, and a second diamine monomer chemical composition, and a diamine monomer chemical composition. dianhydride, wherein the first chemical composition of diamine monomer is different from the second chemical composition of diamine monomer; and an interface layer, comprising one or more chemical compositions of the coupling polymer layer with one or more of the chemical compositions of the coupling agent layer.
[00225] An eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through fourth, sixth, or seventh aspects, wherein: the glass body is a glass container comprising a second surface opposite the first surface; and the first surface is the outer surface of the glass container.
[00226] A ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the coated glass article is a pharmaceutical package.
[00227] A tenth aspect includes the coated glass article of the ninth aspect, wherein the pharmaceutical package contains a pharmaceutical composition.
[00228] An eleventh aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the glass body comprises ion exchange glass.
[00229] A twelfth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through fifth aspects, wherein the low friction coating comprises: a layer of coupling agent positioned on the first surface of the glass body, the layer a coupling agent comprising the coupling agent; and a polymer layer positioned over the coupling agent layer, the polymer layer comprising the chemical composition of the polymer.
[00230] A thirteenth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixth aspect or seventh aspect, wherein: the low friction coating further comprises an interface layer positioned between the coupling agent layer and the polymer layer; and the interface layer comprises one or more chemical compositions of the coupling polymer layer with one or more of the chemical compositions of the coupling agent layer.
[00231] A fourteenth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the coefficient of friction of the part of the glass article coated with the low friction coating is at least 20% less than one coefficient of friction of a surface of an uncoated glass article formed from the same glass composition.
[00232] A fifteenth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the portion of the glass article coated with the low friction coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 after exposure to autoclave conditions.
[00233] A sixteenth aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the portion of the glass article coated with the low friction coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7, after the coated glass article is immersed in a water bath at a temperature of about 70°C for 1 hour.
[00234] An aspect seventeen includes the coated glass article of any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the portion of the glass article coated with the low friction coating has a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to about 0.7 after exposure with freeze-drying conditions.
[00235] An aspect eighteen includes the coated glass article of the first, fourth, fifth or aspects, wherein the low friction coating further comprises a coupling agent.
[00236] A nineteenth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect eighteen, wherein the coupling agent comprises at least one of: a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, wherein the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions.
[00237] A twentieth aspect includes the coated glass article of the nineteenth aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition.
[00238] A twenty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect eighteen, wherein the coupling agent comprises a chemical composition of silsesquioxane.
[00239] A twenty-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the twenty-first aspect, wherein the chemical composition of silsesquioxane comprises an aromatic portion.
A twenty-third aspect includes the coated glass article of the twenty-second aspect, wherein the chemical composition of silsesquioxane further comprises an amine group.
A twenty-fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect eighteen, wherein the coupling agent comprises at least one of: a mixture of a first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition, wherein the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions.
[00242] A twenty-fifth aspect includes the coated glass article of the twenty-fourth aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition.
[00243] Aspect twenty-sixth includes the coated glass article of aspect eighteen, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition.
[00244] A twenty-seventh aspect includes the coated glass article of one of the second, sixth, or twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the first silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group.
[00245] A twenty-eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of one of the second, sixth, or twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane, an aromatic acyloxysilane chemical composition, a composition an aromatic halogen silane chemical, or an aromatic aminosilane chemical composition.
[00246] A twenty-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of one of the second, sixth, or twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the first silane chemical composition is selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3 (m-aminophenoxy)propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or (substituted phenyl) chloromethyl alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or aminosilanes.
[00247] A thirtieth aspect includes the coated glass article of one of the second, sixth, or twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the first silane chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane.
[00248] A thirty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of one of the second, sixth, or twenty-sixth aspects, wherein the coupling agent comprises at least one of: a mixture of the first silane chemical composition and the second composition silane chemistry, wherein the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[00249] A thirty-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the thirty-first aspect, wherein the molar ratio of the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is from about 0.1:1 to about 10: 1.
[00250] A thirty-third aspect includes the coated glass article of the thirty-first aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic alkoxysilane chemical composition comprising at least one amine group and the second silane chemical composition is a composition aliphatic alkoxysilane chemistry comprising at least one amine group.
[00251] A fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect thirty-one, wherein the first silane chemical composition is selected from the group consisting of aminophenyl, 3 (m-aminophenoxy) propyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, or (chloromethyl) ) substituted phenyl, alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen, or amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers, and the second chemical composition of silane is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyl, N-(2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl, vinyl, methyl, N-phenylaminopropyl, (N-phenylamino)methyl, N-(2-vinylbenzylaminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl substituted alkoxy, acyloxy, hylogen or amino silanes, their hydrolysates, or their oligomers.
A thirty-fifth aspect includes the coated glass article of the thirty-first aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group and the second silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group.
[00253] A thirty-sixth aspect includes the coated glass article of the thirty-first aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second silane chemical composition is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[00254] A thirty-seventh aspect includes the coated glass article of the third and seventh aspects, wherein the oligomer is formed from at least aminophenyltrimethoxy silane.
[00255] A thirty-eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of the third and seventh aspects, wherein the oligomer is formed from silane and at least aminophenyltrimethoxy aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[00256] A thirty-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of the third and seventh aspects, wherein the first chemical composition of diamine monomer is ortho-toluidine, the second chemical composition of diamine monomer is 4,4'-methylene- bis(2-methylaniline), and the chemical composition of the dianhydride monomer is benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
[00257] A fortieth aspect includes the coated glass article of any one of the first, second, fourth, or fifth aspects, wherein the polymer chemical composition is a polyimide chemical composition.
[00258] A forty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of any of the first, second, fourth, or fifth aspects, wherein the polymer chemical composition is a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of: at least one chemical composition comprising monomer at least two amine groups; and at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups and having a benzophenone structure.
[00259] A forty-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-first aspect, wherein the chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups is benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
[00260] A forty-third aspect includes the glass coated article of any of the first, second, fourth, or fifth aspects wherein the polymer chemical composition is a polyamide chemical composition formed from the polymerization of at least: a first composition monomer chemistry, the first chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two amine groups; a second chemical composition of monomers, the second chemical composition of the monomer comprising at least two amine groups; and a third monomer chemical composition, the third monomer chemical composition comprising at least two anhydride groups; wherein the first chemical composition of monomers is different from the second chemical composition of monomers.
[00261] A forty-fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-third aspect, wherein the third chemical composition of monomer has a benzophenone structure.
The forty-fifth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-fourth aspect, wherein the third monomeric composition is 3.3'-benzophenone, 4.4' tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
[00263] A forty-sixth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-third aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of monomers comprises two aromatic ring halves.
[00264] A forty-seventh aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-sixth aspect, in which the two parts of the aromatic ring of the first chemical composition of monomers are directly bonded together.
[00265] A forty-eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-seventh aspect, wherein the second chemical monomer composition comprises two aromatic ring portions and the two aromatic ring portions of the second monomer chemical composition are linked with a group alkyl.
[00266] A forty-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-eighth aspect, wherein the molar ratio of the first monomer chemical composition to the second monomer chemical composition is between about 0.01: 0.49 to about 0.40: 0.10.
[00267] A fiftieth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-sixth aspect, wherein the two parts of the aromatic ring of the first chemical composition of monomers are linked with an alkyl group.
[00268] The fifty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-sixth aspect, wherein the first monomer chemical composition comprises a tolidine structure.
[00269] The fifty-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-first aspect, wherein the first monomer chemical composition is ortho-toluidine.
[00270] A fifty-third aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-first aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of monomers is 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-methylaniline).
[00271] A fifty-fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-first aspect, wherein the first chemical composition of monomers is ortho-toluidine and the second chemical composition of monomers is 4,4'-methylene-bis (2-methylaniline ).
[00272] The fifty-fifth aspect includes the coated glass article of the forty-sixth aspect, wherein the second monomer chemical composition comprises an aromatic ring.
[00273] A fifty-sixth aspect includes the glass article coated in any of the aspects of the first through fifty-fifth aspects, wherein the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature from 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[00274] In a fifty-seventh aspect, a low friction coating for a substrate, the low friction coating comprising: the chemical composition of polyimide; and a coupling agent comprising at least one of: a mixture of a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, and a second silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof. even, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is an aliphatic silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition, wherein: the coated glass article is thermally stable at a temperature of at least about 260 °C for 30 minutes; a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to about 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between about 400 nm to about 700 nm; and the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than about 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed of about 10°C/minute.
[00275] The fifty-eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-seventh aspect, wherein the glass body comprises ion exchange glass.
[00276] A fifty-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-seventh aspect, wherein the polyimide chemical composition is formed from the polymerization of: at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two amine groups; and at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups and having a benzophenone structure.
[00277] A sixty aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-seventh aspect, wherein the polyimide chemical composition is formed from the polymerization of at least benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, ortho-toluidine, and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-methylaniline).
[00278] A sixty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-seventh aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group.
[00279] The sixty-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the fifty-seventh aspect, wherein the first silane chemical composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second silane chemical composition is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[00280] In sixty-third aspect, a process for producing a coated glass container comprises: loading a plurality of glass containers into a cassette; immersing the cassette and the plurality of glass containers in a bath of molten alkaline salt; removing the cassette and glass containers from the alkaline molten salt bath; immersing the cassette and the plurality of glass containers in a water bath to remove residual alkaline salt from the glass containers; wash glass containers with deionized water; and coating the glass containers with a low-friction coating.
[00281] A sixty-fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the cassette and the plurality of glass containers are preheated prior to being immersed in the molten alkaline salt bath.
[00282] A sixty-fifth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the molten alkaline salt bath is 100% KN03 at a temperature greater than or equal to about 350°C and less than or equal to about 500°C.
[00283] A sixty-sixth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the cassette and glass containers are held in the molten alkaline salt bath for a retention period sufficient to obtain a layer depth of up to about 100 µm and a compressive stress greater than or equal to 300 MPa on the surface of the glass vessel.
[00284] The sixty-seventh aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-fifth aspect, in which the detention period is less than 30 hours.
[00285] A sixty-eighth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein, after the glass containers and cassettes are removed from the molten alkaline salt bath, the cassette is rotated about an axis horizontal for emptying molten salt from the glass containers.
[00286] A sixty-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the drawer and glass containers are suspended during the bath of alkaline molten salt as the cassette is rotated.
[00287] An aspect seventy includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the glass containers are cassettes and cooled prior to being immersed in the water bath.
[00288] Aspect seventy-one includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, wherein the bath water is a first water bath and the glass and cassette containers are immersed in a second water bath after be immersed in the first bath of water.
[00289] The seventy-second aspect includes the coated glass article of the sixty-third aspect, which further comprises discharging the glass containers from the drawer prior to washing the glass containers in deionized water.
[00290] A seventy-third aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect sixty-third, wherein coating glass containers with a low friction coating comprises applying a coating solution to the glass containers.
[00291] A seventy-fourth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect sixty-third, wherein coating glass containers with a low friction coating comprises: applying a coupling agent to an outer surface of glass containers; and applying a polymer coating to the glass containers plus the coupling agent.
[00292] Aspect seventy-five includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the coupling agent and polymer coating solution are dip coated onto the glass container.
[00293] A seventy-sixth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the coupling agent and polymer coating solution are coated onto the spray glass container.
[00294] A seventy-seventh aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the coupling agent and polymer coating solution are sprayed or misted onto the glass container.
[00295] An aspect seventy-eighth includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the coupling agent and polymer coating solution are transferred to the glass container via a solution transfer technique (scrubbed, brushed, printed, laminated, etc).
[00296] A seventy-ninth aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the surface of the glass with an applied coupling agent is heat treated prior to application of the polymer coating solution.
[00297] An aspect eighty includes the coated glass article of the seventy-ninth aspect, wherein the surface of the glass with a coupling agent used is heat treated by heating the glass containers in an oven.
[00298] An eighty-first aspect includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, which further comprises curing the polymer coating solution after the polymer coating solution is applied to the glass container.
[00299] An aspect eighty-second includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the polymer coupling and/or coating agent is thermally cured.
[00300] Aspect eighty-three includes the coated glass article of aspect seventy-four, wherein the polymer coupling and/or coating agent is cured with ultraviolet light.
[00301] It should now be understood that the glass containers with a low friction coating, described herein, exhibit improved resistance to mechanical damage as a result of the application of the low friction coating and, as such, glass containers have a greater durability mechanics. This property makes glass containers well suited for use in a variety of applications, including, without limitation, pharmaceutical packaging materials.
[00302] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Thus, the specification is intended to cover modifications and variations of the various embodiments described herein, provided that such modification and variations fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
1. Coated glass article, characterized in that it comprises: a glass container (102) comprising a first surface (108) and a second surface (110) opposite the first surface, wherein the first surface (108) is the outer surface. the glass container (102); and a low friction coating (120) positioned on at least a portion of the first surface (108) of the glass container (102), the low friction coating (120) comprises a chemical polymer composition, the low friction coating ( 120) has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 micron and a coefficient of friction of less than or equal to 0.7 relative to a similar coated glass article wherein: the coefficient of friction is a maximum coefficient of friction measured relative to a second glass container (102) in a vial to vial test jig under a normal load of 30 N, the second glass container (102) formed from the same glass composition and comprising the same coating low friction (120) and subjected to the same pre-measurement environmental conditions as the glass container (102); the chemical composition of the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyimides, fluoropolymers, silsesquioxane-based polymers and silicone resins; the coated glass article is thermally stable after depyrogenation at a temperature of at least 280°C for 30 minutes in air; a light transmission through the coated glass article is greater than or equal to 55% light transmission through an uncoated glass article, for wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm; and the glass container (102) is a pharmaceutical package.
[0002]
The coated glass article of claim 1, characterized in that the low friction coating (120) further comprises a coupling agent positioned between the first surface of the glass body and the chemical polymer composition.
[0003]
A coated glass article according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupling agent comprises at least one of the following: a first chemical composition of silane, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and a second silane chemical composition, wherein the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition are different chemical compositions.
[0004]
The coated glass article of claim 3, characterized in that the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition.
[0005]
The coated glass article of claim 3, characterized in that the coupling agent comprises at least one of the following: a mixture of the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0006]
The coated glass article of claim 1, characterized in that the low friction coating (120) comprises: a chemical polyimide composition; and a coupling agent positioned between the polyimide chemical composition and the first surface of the glass body, the coupling agent comprising at least one of the following: a mixture of a first silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, and a second silane chemical composition, a hydrolyzate thereof, or an oligomer thereof, wherein the first silane chemical composition is an aromatic silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition is a composition aliphatic silane chemistry; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0007]
A coated glass article according to claim 4, characterized in that: the coupling agent is present in a layer of coupling agent (180) positioned on the first surface (108) of the glass container (102), and the chemical polymer composition being present in a polymer layer (170) positioned over the coupling agent layer (180), the polymer layer (170) comprising a polyimide chemical composition.
[0008]
A coated glass article according to claim 2 or 7, characterized in that the coupling agent comprises a silsesquioxane chemical composition comprising an aromatic moiety and an amine group.
[0009]
The coated glass article of claim 7, characterized in that the coupling agent comprises at least one of the following: a mixture of the first chemical composition of silane and the second chemical composition of silane, wherein the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic silane; and a chemical composition formed from oligomerization of at least the first silane chemical composition and the second silane chemical composition.
[0010]
A coated glass article according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that the first chemical composition of silane is an aromatic chemical composition of alkoxysilane which comprises at least one amine group and the second chemical composition of silane is a chemical composition of aliphatic alkoxysilane comprising at least one amine group.
[0011]
The coated glass article of claim 3 or 7, characterized in that the first silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group and the second silane chemical composition comprises at least one amine group.
[0012]
A coated glass article according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that the first chemical silane composition is aminophenyltrimethoxy silane and the second chemical silane composition is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane.
[0013]
The coated glass article of claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the polyimide chemical composition is formed from the polymerization of: at least one monomer chemical composition comprising at least two amine groups; and at least one chemical composition of monomers comprising at least two anhydride groups and having a benzophenone structure.
[0014]
A coated glass article according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the chemical composition of the polyimide is formed from the polymerization of at least benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, ortho- toluidine and 4,4'-bis-methylene (2-methylaniline).
[0015]
The coated glass article of claim 7, characterized in that the low friction coating has a mass loss of less than 5% of its mass when heated from a temperature of 150°C to 350°C at a ramp speed 10°C/minute.

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RU2017146886A|2018-10-19|

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AU2016206304B2|2018-02-08|

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AU2016206304A1|2016-08-11|

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法律状态:
2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-11-05| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-10| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-04-13| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/02/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201261604220P| true| 2012-02-28|2012-02-28|

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US61/604.220|2012-02-28|

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US201261665682P| true| 2012-06-28|2012-06-28|

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US61/665.682|2012-06-28|

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PCT/US2013/028187|WO2013130724A2|2012-02-28|2013-02-28|Glass articles with low-friction coatings|

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